Changing climate will jeopardize biodiversity,particularly the geographic distribution of endemic species.One such species is the Javan Hawk-Eagle(JHE,Nisaetus bartelsi),a charismatic raptor found only on Java Island,...Changing climate will jeopardize biodiversity,particularly the geographic distribution of endemic species.One such species is the Javan Hawk-Eagle(JHE,Nisaetus bartelsi),a charismatic raptor found only on Java Island,Indonesia.Thus,it is crucial to develop an appropriate conservation strategy to preserve the species.Ecological niche modeling is considered a valuable tool for designing conservation plans for the JHE.We provide an ecological niche modeling approach and transfer its model to future climate scenarios for the JHE.We utilize various machine learning algorithms under sustainability and business-as-usual(BAU)scenarios for 2050.Additionally,we investigate the conservation vulnerability of the JHE,capturing multifaceted pressures on the species from climate dissimilarities and human disturbance variables.Our study reveals that the ensemble model performs exceptionally well,with temperature emerging as the most critical factor affecting the JHE distribution.This finding indicates that climate change will have a significant impact on the JHE species.Our results suggest that the JHE distribution will likely decrease by 28.41%and 40.16%from the current JHE distribution under sustainability and BAU scenarios,respectively.Furthermore,our study reveals high-potential refugia for future JHE,covering 7,596 km^(2)(61%)under the sustainability scenario and only 4,403 km^(2)(35%)under the BAU scenario.Therefore,effective management and planning,including habitat restoration,refugia preservation,habitat connectivity,and local community inclusivity,should be well-managed to achieve JHE conservation targets.展开更多
Objective:To study nematode parasites morphology of Hystrix javanica(H.javanica),both through the feces and internal organs.Methods:Feces were observed by direct smear method,internal organs were observed after dissec...Objective:To study nematode parasites morphology of Hystrix javanica(H.javanica),both through the feces and internal organs.Methods:Feces were observed by direct smear method,internal organs were observed after dissecting the host.Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with 70%warm alcohol,cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting.Specimens for SEM examination were postfixed in cacodylate buffer and glutaraldehyde,dehydrated through a graded series of alcohol and freeze dried.The specimens were attached to stubs with double cello-tape,coated with gold and observed with a JSM5310LV electron microscope.Figures were made with the aid of a drawiug tube attached to Olympus compound microscope,other figures were photographs of scanning electron microscope images.Measurements were given in micrometers as the mean followed by the range in parentheses,unless otherwise stated.Results:The nematode species found in the intestine of H.javanica are Gireterakis girardi and a new species,Trihuris landak.The new species differs with previously reported species from Hystrix because of having stylet and short cervical alae.The pattern of bacillary band is closed to Trichuris trichiurus,the species that infect human,but differs because the surface of its vulva is not covered with densely spine.Conclusions:The species of nematodes found on H.javanica were Gireterakis girardi and a new species Trichuris landak n.sp.Those two species are newly recorded in Indonesia.展开更多
文摘Changing climate will jeopardize biodiversity,particularly the geographic distribution of endemic species.One such species is the Javan Hawk-Eagle(JHE,Nisaetus bartelsi),a charismatic raptor found only on Java Island,Indonesia.Thus,it is crucial to develop an appropriate conservation strategy to preserve the species.Ecological niche modeling is considered a valuable tool for designing conservation plans for the JHE.We provide an ecological niche modeling approach and transfer its model to future climate scenarios for the JHE.We utilize various machine learning algorithms under sustainability and business-as-usual(BAU)scenarios for 2050.Additionally,we investigate the conservation vulnerability of the JHE,capturing multifaceted pressures on the species from climate dissimilarities and human disturbance variables.Our study reveals that the ensemble model performs exceptionally well,with temperature emerging as the most critical factor affecting the JHE distribution.This finding indicates that climate change will have a significant impact on the JHE species.Our results suggest that the JHE distribution will likely decrease by 28.41%and 40.16%from the current JHE distribution under sustainability and BAU scenarios,respectively.Furthermore,our study reveals high-potential refugia for future JHE,covering 7,596 km^(2)(61%)under the sustainability scenario and only 4,403 km^(2)(35%)under the BAU scenario.Therefore,effective management and planning,including habitat restoration,refugia preservation,habitat connectivity,and local community inclusivity,should be well-managed to achieve JHE conservation targets.
文摘Objective:To study nematode parasites morphology of Hystrix javanica(H.javanica),both through the feces and internal organs.Methods:Feces were observed by direct smear method,internal organs were observed after dissecting the host.Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with 70%warm alcohol,cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting.Specimens for SEM examination were postfixed in cacodylate buffer and glutaraldehyde,dehydrated through a graded series of alcohol and freeze dried.The specimens were attached to stubs with double cello-tape,coated with gold and observed with a JSM5310LV electron microscope.Figures were made with the aid of a drawiug tube attached to Olympus compound microscope,other figures were photographs of scanning electron microscope images.Measurements were given in micrometers as the mean followed by the range in parentheses,unless otherwise stated.Results:The nematode species found in the intestine of H.javanica are Gireterakis girardi and a new species,Trihuris landak.The new species differs with previously reported species from Hystrix because of having stylet and short cervical alae.The pattern of bacillary band is closed to Trichuris trichiurus,the species that infect human,but differs because the surface of its vulva is not covered with densely spine.Conclusions:The species of nematodes found on H.javanica were Gireterakis girardi and a new species Trichuris landak n.sp.Those two species are newly recorded in Indonesia.
