Dear Editor,With the advances in computing and communication technologies,the cyber-physical system(CPS),has been used in lots of industrial fields,such as the urban water cycle,internet of things,and human-cyber syst...Dear Editor,With the advances in computing and communication technologies,the cyber-physical system(CPS),has been used in lots of industrial fields,such as the urban water cycle,internet of things,and human-cyber systems[1],[2],which has to face up to malicious cyber-attacks towards cyber communication of control commands.Specifically,jamming attack is regarded as one of the most common attacks of decreasing network performance.Game theory is widely regarded as a method of accurately describing the interaction between jamming attacker and legitimate user[3].In the cyber layer,the signal game model has been utilized to describe the transmission between the attacker and defender[4].However,most previous game theoretical researches are not feasible to meet the demands of industrial CPSs mainly due to the shared communication network nature.Specifically,it leads to incomplete information for players of game owing to various network-induced phenomena and employed communication protocols.In the physical layer,the secure control[5]and estimation[6]under attack detection have been studied for CPSs.However,these methods not only rely heavily on signals injection detection,but also have no access to smart attackers who launch covert attacks so that data receivers cannot observe the attack behaviour[7].Accordingly,the motivation arising here is to tackle the nested game problem for CPSs subject to jamming attack.展开更多
As the density of wireless networks increases globally, the vulnerability of overlapped dense wireless communications to interference by hidden nodes and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is becoming more apparent. Ther...As the density of wireless networks increases globally, the vulnerability of overlapped dense wireless communications to interference by hidden nodes and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is becoming more apparent. There exists a gap in research on the detection and response to attacks on Medium Access Control (MAC) mechanisms themselves, which would lead to service outages between nodes. Classifying exploitation and deceptive jamming attacks on control mechanisms is particularly challengingdue to their resemblance to normal heavy communication patterns. Accordingly, this paper proposes a machine learning-based selective attack mitigation model that detects DoS attacks on wireless networks by monitoring packet log data. Based on the type of detected attack, it implements effective corresponding mitigation techniques to restore performance to nodes whose availability has been compromised. Experimental results reveal that the accuracy of the proposed model is 14% higher than that of a baseline anomaly detection model. Further, the appropriate mitigation techniques selected by the proposed system based on the attack type improve the average throughput by more than 440% compared to the case without a response.展开更多
This paper presents a machine-learning method for detecting jamming UAVs and classifying nodes during jamming attacks onWireless Sensor Networks(WSNs).Jamming is a type of Denial of Service(DoS)attack and intentional ...This paper presents a machine-learning method for detecting jamming UAVs and classifying nodes during jamming attacks onWireless Sensor Networks(WSNs).Jamming is a type of Denial of Service(DoS)attack and intentional interference where a malicious node transmits a high-power signal to increase noise on the receiver side to disrupt the communication channel and reduce performance significantly.To defend and prevent such attacks,the first step is to detect them.The current detection approaches use centralized techniques to detect jamming,where each node collects information and forwards it to the base station.As a result,overhead and communication costs increased.In this work,we present a jamming attack and classify nodes into different categories based on their location to the jammer by employing a single node observer.As a result,we introduced a machine learning model that uses distance ratios and power received as features to detect such attacks.Furthermore,we considered several types of jammers transmitting at different power levels to evaluate the proposed metrics using MATLAB.With a detection accuracy of 99.7%for the k-nearest neighbors(KNN)algorithm and average testing accuracy of 99.9%,the presented solution is capable of efficiently and accurately detecting jamming attacks in wireless sensor networks.展开更多
In wireless sensor networks （WSNs）, as the shared nature of the wireless medium, jam- ming attacks can be easily launched and result in a great damage to the network. How to deal with jamming attacks has become a gr...In wireless sensor networks （WSNs）, as the shared nature of the wireless medium, jam- ming attacks can be easily launched and result in a great damage to the network. How to deal with jamming attacks has become a great concern recently. Finding the location of a jammer is important to take security actions against the jammer, and thus to restore the network communication. After a comprehensive study on the jammer localization problem, a lightweight easy-operated algorithm called triple circles localization （TCL） is proposed. The evaluation results have demonstrated that, compared with other approaches, TCL achieves the best jammer localization accuracy under variable conditions.展开更多
As the device complexity keeps increasing,the blockchain networks have been celebrated as the cornerstone of numerous prominent platforms owing to their ability to provide distributed and immutable ledgers and data-dr...As the device complexity keeps increasing,the blockchain networks have been celebrated as the cornerstone of numerous prominent platforms owing to their ability to provide distributed and immutable ledgers and data-driven autonomous organizations.The distributed consensus algorithm is the core component that directly dictates the performance and properties of blockchain networks.However,the inherent characteristics of the shared wireless medium,such as fading,interference,and openness,pose significant challenges to achieving consensus within these networks,especially in the presence of malicious jamming attacks.To cope with the severe consensus problem,in this paper,we present a distributed jamming-resilient consensus algorithm for blockchain networks in wireless environments,where the adversary can jam the communication channel by injecting jamming signals.Based on a non-binary slight jamming model,we propose a distributed four-stage algorithm to achieve consensus in the wireless blockchain network,including leader election,leader broadcast,leader aggregation,and leader announcement stages.With high probability,we prove that our jamming-resilient algorithm can ensure the validity,agreement,termination,and total order properties of consensus with the time complexity of O(n).Both theoretical analyses and empirical simulations are conducted to verify the consistency and efficiency of our algorithm.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173136)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2020JJ2013,2021JJ50047).
文摘Dear Editor,With the advances in computing and communication technologies,the cyber-physical system(CPS),has been used in lots of industrial fields,such as the urban water cycle,internet of things,and human-cyber systems[1],[2],which has to face up to malicious cyber-attacks towards cyber communication of control commands.Specifically,jamming attack is regarded as one of the most common attacks of decreasing network performance.Game theory is widely regarded as a method of accurately describing the interaction between jamming attacker and legitimate user[3].In the cyber layer,the signal game model has been utilized to describe the transmission between the attacker and defender[4].However,most previous game theoretical researches are not feasible to meet the demands of industrial CPSs mainly due to the shared communication network nature.Specifically,it leads to incomplete information for players of game owing to various network-induced phenomena and employed communication protocols.In the physical layer,the secure control[5]and estimation[6]under attack detection have been studied for CPSs.However,these methods not only rely heavily on signals injection detection,but also have no access to smart attackers who launch covert attacks so that data receivers cannot observe the attack behaviour[7].Accordingly,the motivation arising here is to tackle the nested game problem for CPSs subject to jamming attack.
基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)under Training Industrial Security Specialist for High-Tech Industry(RS-2024-00415520)supervised by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)under the ICT Challenge and Advanced Network of HRD(ICAN)Program(No.IITP-2022-RS-2022-00156310)supervised by the Institute of Information&Communication Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP).
文摘As the density of wireless networks increases globally, the vulnerability of overlapped dense wireless communications to interference by hidden nodes and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is becoming more apparent. There exists a gap in research on the detection and response to attacks on Medium Access Control (MAC) mechanisms themselves, which would lead to service outages between nodes. Classifying exploitation and deceptive jamming attacks on control mechanisms is particularly challengingdue to their resemblance to normal heavy communication patterns. Accordingly, this paper proposes a machine learning-based selective attack mitigation model that detects DoS attacks on wireless networks by monitoring packet log data. Based on the type of detected attack, it implements effective corresponding mitigation techniques to restore performance to nodes whose availability has been compromised. Experimental results reveal that the accuracy of the proposed model is 14% higher than that of a baseline anomaly detection model. Further, the appropriate mitigation techniques selected by the proposed system based on the attack type improve the average throughput by more than 440% compared to the case without a response.
基金funded by the Deputyship for Research&Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia through the Project Number (IF-PSAU-2021/01/18707).
文摘This paper presents a machine-learning method for detecting jamming UAVs and classifying nodes during jamming attacks onWireless Sensor Networks(WSNs).Jamming is a type of Denial of Service(DoS)attack and intentional interference where a malicious node transmits a high-power signal to increase noise on the receiver side to disrupt the communication channel and reduce performance significantly.To defend and prevent such attacks,the first step is to detect them.The current detection approaches use centralized techniques to detect jamming,where each node collects information and forwards it to the base station.As a result,overhead and communication costs increased.In this work,we present a jamming attack and classify nodes into different categories based on their location to the jammer by employing a single node observer.As a result,we introduced a machine learning model that uses distance ratios and power received as features to detect such attacks.Furthermore,we considered several types of jammers transmitting at different power levels to evaluate the proposed metrics using MATLAB.With a detection accuracy of 99.7%for the k-nearest neighbors(KNN)algorithm and average testing accuracy of 99.9%,the presented solution is capable of efficiently and accurately detecting jamming attacks in wireless sensor networks.
文摘In wireless sensor networks （WSNs）, as the shared nature of the wireless medium, jam- ming attacks can be easily launched and result in a great damage to the network. How to deal with jamming attacks has become a great concern recently. Finding the location of a jammer is important to take security actions against the jammer, and thus to restore the network communication. After a comprehensive study on the jammer localization problem, a lightweight easy-operated algorithm called triple circles localization （TCL） is proposed. The evaluation results have demonstrated that, compared with other approaches, TCL achieves the best jammer localization accuracy under variable conditions.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62102232 and 62122042)Shandong Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(Nos.2023HWYQ-007 and 2023HWYQ-008)Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2022CXGC020107).
文摘As the device complexity keeps increasing,the blockchain networks have been celebrated as the cornerstone of numerous prominent platforms owing to their ability to provide distributed and immutable ledgers and data-driven autonomous organizations.The distributed consensus algorithm is the core component that directly dictates the performance and properties of blockchain networks.However,the inherent characteristics of the shared wireless medium,such as fading,interference,and openness,pose significant challenges to achieving consensus within these networks,especially in the presence of malicious jamming attacks.To cope with the severe consensus problem,in this paper,we present a distributed jamming-resilient consensus algorithm for blockchain networks in wireless environments,where the adversary can jam the communication channel by injecting jamming signals.Based on a non-binary slight jamming model,we propose a distributed four-stage algorithm to achieve consensus in the wireless blockchain network,including leader election,leader broadcast,leader aggregation,and leader announcement stages.With high probability,we prove that our jamming-resilient algorithm can ensure the validity,agreement,termination,and total order properties of consensus with the time complexity of O(n).Both theoretical analyses and empirical simulations are conducted to verify the consistency and efficiency of our algorithm.
