A shortage of courtrooms has long been a challenge in Malawi,especially since more judges were hired to help to streamline the country’s judicial process.Yet,while the current judiciary is headquartered in the countr...A shortage of courtrooms has long been a challenge in Malawi,especially since more judges were hired to help to streamline the country’s judicial process.Yet,while the current judiciary is headquartered in the country’s second-largest city of Blantyre,due to a lack of work space;some sections of the judiciary are located elsewhere,such as the juvenile,commercial and industrial courts.展开更多
As legal cases grow in complexity and volume worldwide,integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence into judicial systems has become a pivotal research focus.This study introduces a comprehensive framework...As legal cases grow in complexity and volume worldwide,integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence into judicial systems has become a pivotal research focus.This study introduces a comprehensive framework for verdict recommendation that synergizes rule-based methods with deep learning techniques specifically tailored to the legal domain.The proposed framework comprises three core modules:legal feature extraction,semantic similarity assessment,and verdict recommendation.For legal feature extraction,a rule-based approach leverages Black’s Law Dictionary and WordNet Synsets to construct feature vectors from judicial texts.Semantic similarity between cases is evaluated using a hybrid method that combines rule-based logic with an LSTM model,analyzing the feature vectors of query cases against a legal knowledge base.Verdicts are then recommended through a rule-based retrieval system,enhanced by predefined legal statutes and regulations.By merging rule-based methodologies with deep learning,this framework addresses the interpretability challenges often associated with contemporary AImodels,thereby enhancing both transparency and generalizability across diverse legal contexts.The system was rigorously tested using a legal corpus of 43,000 case laws across six categories:Criminal,Revenue,Service,Corporate,Constitutional,and Civil law,ensuring its adaptability across a wide range of judicial scenarios.Performance evaluation showed that the feature extraction module achieved an average accuracy of 91.6%with an F-Score of 95%.The semantic similarity module,tested using Manhattan,Euclidean,and Cosine distance metrics,achieved 88%accuracy and a 93%F-Score for short queries(Manhattan),89%accuracy and a 93.7%F-Score for medium-length queries(Euclidean),and 87%accuracy with a 92.5%F-Score for longer queries(Cosine).The verdict recommendation module outperformed existing methods,achieving 90%accuracy and a 93.75%F-Score.This study highlights the potential of hybrid AI frameworks to improve judicial decision-making and streamline legal processes,offering a robust,interpretable,and adaptable solution for the evolving demands of modern legal systems.展开更多
This study examines the role of village regulations within China’s Litigation Source Governance(LSG)framework,specifically analyzing Tianjin Municipality’s 2023 Model Village Regulations.Employing legal analysis and...This study examines the role of village regulations within China’s Litigation Source Governance(LSG)framework,specifically analyzing Tianjin Municipality’s 2023 Model Village Regulations.Employing legal analysis and Natural Language Processing(NLP)techniques,the research evaluates the effectiveness,enforceability,and thematic orientation of these regulations in grassroots dispute resolution.Findings reveal a pronounced reliance on moral governance provisions,limited judicial recognition,and significant implementation challenges due to the predominance of non-binding(soft)clauses.The study recommends enhancing judicial recognition through formal confirmation mechanisms,increasing legally binding clauses,and integrating village-level governance more closely with formal judicial processes.This approach not only strengthens local governance but also provides valuable insights for nationwide replication,supporting broader goals of rural stability and governance modernization.展开更多
On the afternoon of May 3Oth,the parallel forum"Strengthening the Judicial Foundations of Shared Values of Mankind,"as a component of the 4th Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations,was...On the afternoon of May 3Oth,the parallel forum"Strengthening the Judicial Foundations of Shared Values of Mankind,"as a component of the 4th Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations,was held in Dunhuang.More than 50 experts and scholars from nine countries,including China,Germany and the United Kingdom,engaged in in-depth discussions on the topic.展开更多
As the 25th World Intellectual Property Day approached,the 2025 Intellectual Property Dispute Resolution Forum,jointly organized by the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission(CIETAC),the Chongqi...As the 25th World Intellectual Property Day approached,the 2025 Intellectual Property Dispute Resolution Forum,jointly organized by the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission(CIETAC),the Chongqing Higher People’s Court(Chongqing High Court),the Chongqing Judicial Bureau,and the CCPIT Chongqing,was recently held in Chongqing.展开更多
China is one of the major markets for patent filing and patent exploitation.A powerful enforcement environment may boost both of patent filing and exploitation.A two-track system for the patent enforcement is availabl...China is one of the major markets for patent filing and patent exploitation.A powerful enforcement environment may boost both of patent filing and exploitation.A two-track system for the patent enforcement is available in China:the administrative system via local intellectual property offices,and the judicial system via courts.展开更多
The Company Law of 1993 is important in protecting the interests of both companies and shareholders.But on stock right,it always arouses heated debate among scholars.Before the promulgation of New Company Law of 2006,...The Company Law of 1993 is important in protecting the interests of both companies and shareholders.But on stock right,it always arouses heated debate among scholars.Before the promulgation of New Company Law of 2006,varieties of theories of this issue have been formed.Through analyzing and refuting those theories,I try to clear the ambiguous definition by explaining the essence of right and comparing related right,so as to reach the conclusion that the stock right is only the changeable form of the ownership of shareholders.展开更多
Since the Chinese Constitution does not stipulate the status of international treaties in the domestic legal system,the question of whether the domestic court can apply international human rights treaties keeps obscur...Since the Chinese Constitution does not stipulate the status of international treaties in the domestic legal system,the question of whether the domestic court can apply international human rights treaties keeps obscure all the time.China’s official statement and academic opinions generally believe that the domestic court couldn’t resort to the human rights treaties.In recent years,however,several cases have come out involving direct reference to human rights treaties by the court.The following factors contribute together to the direct reference:the inward-looking nature of international human rights treaties,specific requirements of human rights treaties,and the possible institutional room in Chinas’s current legal system.Take the view off ulfilling international human rights obligations,the practice of judicial application should be fully affirmed.Nevertheless,it should also be noted that relevant practice is still in its infancy,there are some problems such as inconsistent understanding and non-standard application.From the perspective of top-level design,it is necessary to provide a normative basis for the practice of the court,so as to make the international human rights treaties play their due role.展开更多
Word segmentation is an integral step in many knowledge discovery applications. However, existing word segmentation methods have problems when applying to Chinese judicial documents:(1) existing methods rely on large-...Word segmentation is an integral step in many knowledge discovery applications. However, existing word segmentation methods have problems when applying to Chinese judicial documents:(1) existing methods rely on large-scale labeled data which is typically unavailable in judicial documents, and (2) judicial document has its own language features and writing formats. In this paper, a word segmentation method is proposed for Chinese judicial documents. The proposed method consists of two steps:(1) automatically generating some labeled data as legal dictionaries, and (2) applying a hybrid multilayer neural networks to do word segmentation incorporating legal dictionaries. Experiments are conducted on a dataset of Chinese judicial documents showing that the proposed model can achieve better results than the existing methods.展开更多
The Company Law of 1993 is important in protecting the interests of both companies and shareholders.But on stock right,it always arouses heated debate among scholars.Before the promulgation of New Company Law of 2006,...The Company Law of 1993 is important in protecting the interests of both companies and shareholders.But on stock right,it always arouses heated debate among scholars.Before the promulgation of New Company Law of 2006,varieties of theories of this issue have been formed.Through analyzing and refuting those theories,I try to clear the ambiguous definition by explaining the essence of right and comparing related right,so as to reach the conclusion that the stock right is only the changeable form of the ownership of shareholders.展开更多
Food security is a human right,within a global context by aligning the opportunities to eliminate poverty,to attain the peace,the rational and implications of sustainable use and judicious management of natural resour...Food security is a human right,within a global context by aligning the opportunities to eliminate poverty,to attain the peace,the rational and implications of sustainable use and judicious management of natural resources,are the road map,to combat the disasters.The prevailing International tension with respect to climate change suggests that the food security can be achieved by penetrating,in depth,the agricultural research.Pakistan is under threat to展开更多
Law is the fundamental method of governance and the rule of law symbolizes modern civilization. The socialist rule of law is the rule of law rooted in the Chinese tradition, and designed and led by the Communist Party...Law is the fundamental method of governance and the rule of law symbolizes modern civilization. The socialist rule of law is the rule of law rooted in the Chinese tradition, and designed and led by the Communist Party of China(CPC). It is not only a tool for government, but also a driver of social progress. Meanwhile, the Chinese human rights system is also designed by the CPC. Both concepts—the socialist rule of law and the human rights system——are different from the West in terms of theory, path and systems. Human rights are the fundamental values of and the ultimate goal pursued by the rule of law; and the rule of law is the recognition of and guarantee for human rights. Efforts must be made to advance legislative, administrative and judicial protection of human rights.展开更多
文摘A shortage of courtrooms has long been a challenge in Malawi,especially since more judges were hired to help to streamline the country’s judicial process.Yet,while the current judiciary is headquartered in the country’s second-largest city of Blantyre,due to a lack of work space;some sections of the judiciary are located elsewhere,such as the juvenile,commercial and industrial courts.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Jouf University under Grant number DSR-2022-RG-0101。
文摘As legal cases grow in complexity and volume worldwide,integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence into judicial systems has become a pivotal research focus.This study introduces a comprehensive framework for verdict recommendation that synergizes rule-based methods with deep learning techniques specifically tailored to the legal domain.The proposed framework comprises three core modules:legal feature extraction,semantic similarity assessment,and verdict recommendation.For legal feature extraction,a rule-based approach leverages Black’s Law Dictionary and WordNet Synsets to construct feature vectors from judicial texts.Semantic similarity between cases is evaluated using a hybrid method that combines rule-based logic with an LSTM model,analyzing the feature vectors of query cases against a legal knowledge base.Verdicts are then recommended through a rule-based retrieval system,enhanced by predefined legal statutes and regulations.By merging rule-based methodologies with deep learning,this framework addresses the interpretability challenges often associated with contemporary AImodels,thereby enhancing both transparency and generalizability across diverse legal contexts.The system was rigorously tested using a legal corpus of 43,000 case laws across six categories:Criminal,Revenue,Service,Corporate,Constitutional,and Civil law,ensuring its adaptability across a wide range of judicial scenarios.Performance evaluation showed that the feature extraction module achieved an average accuracy of 91.6%with an F-Score of 95%.The semantic similarity module,tested using Manhattan,Euclidean,and Cosine distance metrics,achieved 88%accuracy and a 93%F-Score for short queries(Manhattan),89%accuracy and a 93.7%F-Score for medium-length queries(Euclidean),and 87%accuracy with a 92.5%F-Score for longer queries(Cosine).The verdict recommendation module outperformed existing methods,achieving 90%accuracy and a 93.75%F-Score.This study highlights the potential of hybrid AI frameworks to improve judicial decision-making and streamline legal processes,offering a robust,interpretable,and adaptable solution for the evolving demands of modern legal systems.
基金Tianjin Education Commission Research Program,Humanities and Social Sciences,(Project No.:2022SK064)Innovation Training Program at Tianjin Normal University in 2024,“Research on the Function of Rural Norms in Source Governance of Disputes from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization”(Project No.:202410065027)。
文摘This study examines the role of village regulations within China’s Litigation Source Governance(LSG)framework,specifically analyzing Tianjin Municipality’s 2023 Model Village Regulations.Employing legal analysis and Natural Language Processing(NLP)techniques,the research evaluates the effectiveness,enforceability,and thematic orientation of these regulations in grassroots dispute resolution.Findings reveal a pronounced reliance on moral governance provisions,limited judicial recognition,and significant implementation challenges due to the predominance of non-binding(soft)clauses.The study recommends enhancing judicial recognition through formal confirmation mechanisms,increasing legally binding clauses,and integrating village-level governance more closely with formal judicial processes.This approach not only strengthens local governance but also provides valuable insights for nationwide replication,supporting broader goals of rural stability and governance modernization.
文摘On the afternoon of May 3Oth,the parallel forum"Strengthening the Judicial Foundations of Shared Values of Mankind,"as a component of the 4th Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations,was held in Dunhuang.More than 50 experts and scholars from nine countries,including China,Germany and the United Kingdom,engaged in in-depth discussions on the topic.
文摘As the 25th World Intellectual Property Day approached,the 2025 Intellectual Property Dispute Resolution Forum,jointly organized by the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission(CIETAC),the Chongqing Higher People’s Court(Chongqing High Court),the Chongqing Judicial Bureau,and the CCPIT Chongqing,was recently held in Chongqing.
文摘China is one of the major markets for patent filing and patent exploitation.A powerful enforcement environment may boost both of patent filing and exploitation.A two-track system for the patent enforcement is available in China:the administrative system via local intellectual property offices,and the judicial system via courts.
文摘The Company Law of 1993 is important in protecting the interests of both companies and shareholders.But on stock right,it always arouses heated debate among scholars.Before the promulgation of New Company Law of 2006,varieties of theories of this issue have been formed.Through analyzing and refuting those theories,I try to clear the ambiguous definition by explaining the essence of right and comparing related right,so as to reach the conclusion that the stock right is only the changeable form of the ownership of shareholders.
基金a staged achievement of the National Social Science Foundation Projects Research on the Legal Status and Institutional Design of International Treaties in China’s Legal System(Project Number:14BFX186)
文摘Since the Chinese Constitution does not stipulate the status of international treaties in the domestic legal system,the question of whether the domestic court can apply international human rights treaties keeps obscure all the time.China’s official statement and academic opinions generally believe that the domestic court couldn’t resort to the human rights treaties.In recent years,however,several cases have come out involving direct reference to human rights treaties by the court.The following factors contribute together to the direct reference:the inward-looking nature of international human rights treaties,specific requirements of human rights treaties,and the possible institutional room in Chinas’s current legal system.Take the view off ulfilling international human rights obligations,the practice of judicial application should be fully affirmed.Nevertheless,it should also be noted that relevant practice is still in its infancy,there are some problems such as inconsistent understanding and non-standard application.From the perspective of top-level design,it is necessary to provide a normative basis for the practice of the court,so as to make the international human rights treaties play their due role.
文摘Word segmentation is an integral step in many knowledge discovery applications. However, existing word segmentation methods have problems when applying to Chinese judicial documents:(1) existing methods rely on large-scale labeled data which is typically unavailable in judicial documents, and (2) judicial document has its own language features and writing formats. In this paper, a word segmentation method is proposed for Chinese judicial documents. The proposed method consists of two steps:(1) automatically generating some labeled data as legal dictionaries, and (2) applying a hybrid multilayer neural networks to do word segmentation incorporating legal dictionaries. Experiments are conducted on a dataset of Chinese judicial documents showing that the proposed model can achieve better results than the existing methods.
文摘The Company Law of 1993 is important in protecting the interests of both companies and shareholders.But on stock right,it always arouses heated debate among scholars.Before the promulgation of New Company Law of 2006,varieties of theories of this issue have been formed.Through analyzing and refuting those theories,I try to clear the ambiguous definition by explaining the essence of right and comparing related right,so as to reach the conclusion that the stock right is only the changeable form of the ownership of shareholders.
文摘Food security is a human right,within a global context by aligning the opportunities to eliminate poverty,to attain the peace,the rational and implications of sustainable use and judicious management of natural resources,are the road map,to combat the disasters.The prevailing International tension with respect to climate change suggests that the food security can be achieved by penetrating,in depth,the agricultural research.Pakistan is under threat to
文摘Law is the fundamental method of governance and the rule of law symbolizes modern civilization. The socialist rule of law is the rule of law rooted in the Chinese tradition, and designed and led by the Communist Party of China(CPC). It is not only a tool for government, but also a driver of social progress. Meanwhile, the Chinese human rights system is also designed by the CPC. Both concepts—the socialist rule of law and the human rights system——are different from the West in terms of theory, path and systems. Human rights are the fundamental values of and the ultimate goal pursued by the rule of law; and the rule of law is the recognition of and guarantee for human rights. Efforts must be made to advance legislative, administrative and judicial protection of human rights.
