从沉迷阅读的小“书虫”到全球畅销作家,J.K.罗琳用魔法书写传奇,诠释灵感与坚持的力量。J.K.Rowling,born Joanne Rowling in 1965,England,loved books from a young age.She wrote her first story,Rabbit,at six and a novel about ...从沉迷阅读的小“书虫”到全球畅销作家,J.K.罗琳用魔法书写传奇,诠释灵感与坚持的力量。J.K.Rowling,born Joanne Rowling in 1965,England,loved books from a young age.She wrote her first story,Rabbit,at six and a novel about cursed(被诅咒)diamonds at eleven.As a child,she was a bookworm with freckles(雀斑)and glasses.展开更多
This study uses the PΔV term in the ideal gas equation PΔV = nRΔT to show how the 1-degree temperature increase that expands the occupied volume of a gas by ΔV against constant pressure P also causes the system to...This study uses the PΔV term in the ideal gas equation PΔV = nRΔT to show how the 1-degree temperature increase that expands the occupied volume of a gas by ΔV against constant pressure P also causes the system to increase its entropy by ΔS. As the volume available to a gas sample increases, the locations for disordered molecular relocation also increase. The causal agent linking a volume increase ΔV and an entropy increase ΔS is absolute temperature T measured in kelvin units. Since a volume increase is empirically observable while an increase in randomized molecular disorder is not, a per-kelvin increase in gas volume provides a method for estimating entropy increase. Both volume and entropy are extensive variables dependent upon the number of molecules in the system. Both are deemed to be at their absolute minima at the absolute zero of temperature. This study provides an insight into how a per-kelvin temperature increase causes both a linear increase in gas volume and a linear increase in gas entropy. When people talk about randomized disorder without specifying absolute temperature and molecule-count for the system, they are discussing a concept other than thermodynamic entropy.展开更多
目的探讨骨碎补总黄酮防治骨质疏松的机理,为补肾中药有效成分治疗骨质疏松症提供实验依据。方法选取3月龄雌性SD大鼠72只,随机分为6组:给药组切除双侧卵巢给予骨碎补总黄酮灌胃,分为:高剂量组,中剂量组,低剂量组;对照组,切除双侧卵巢...目的探讨骨碎补总黄酮防治骨质疏松的机理,为补肾中药有效成分治疗骨质疏松症提供实验依据。方法选取3月龄雌性SD大鼠72只,随机分为6组:给药组切除双侧卵巢给予骨碎补总黄酮灌胃,分为:高剂量组,中剂量组,低剂量组;对照组,切除双侧卵巢给予雌激素灌胃;假手术组,开腹后切除一小块卵巢周围脂肪给予常规喂饲;空白组不做处理常规喂饲。分别在第0、3、6个月处死每次每组4只。取左胫骨近端干骺端标本,运用荧光定量PCR方法测定Cathepsin K mRNA表达量,运用三点弯曲法测胫骨干最大弯曲载荷,采用SPSS软件进行数据统计分析。结果给药组与对照组胫骨干骺端Cathepsin K mRNA表达量相比,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。给药组与假手术,空白组均有显著性差异(P<0.01);胫骨干最大弯曲载荷显示:给药组与对照组有统计学意义(P<0.05),给药组与假手术,空白组均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论骨碎补总黄酮可以降低胫骨干骺端Cathepsin KmRNA的表达量,提高胫骨干最大弯曲载荷。此可能为骨碎补总黄酮治疗骨质疏松症的重要机制。展开更多
文摘从沉迷阅读的小“书虫”到全球畅销作家,J.K.罗琳用魔法书写传奇,诠释灵感与坚持的力量。J.K.Rowling,born Joanne Rowling in 1965,England,loved books from a young age.She wrote her first story,Rabbit,at six and a novel about cursed(被诅咒)diamonds at eleven.As a child,she was a bookworm with freckles(雀斑)and glasses.
文摘This study uses the PΔV term in the ideal gas equation PΔV = nRΔT to show how the 1-degree temperature increase that expands the occupied volume of a gas by ΔV against constant pressure P also causes the system to increase its entropy by ΔS. As the volume available to a gas sample increases, the locations for disordered molecular relocation also increase. The causal agent linking a volume increase ΔV and an entropy increase ΔS is absolute temperature T measured in kelvin units. Since a volume increase is empirically observable while an increase in randomized molecular disorder is not, a per-kelvin increase in gas volume provides a method for estimating entropy increase. Both volume and entropy are extensive variables dependent upon the number of molecules in the system. Both are deemed to be at their absolute minima at the absolute zero of temperature. This study provides an insight into how a per-kelvin temperature increase causes both a linear increase in gas volume and a linear increase in gas entropy. When people talk about randomized disorder without specifying absolute temperature and molecule-count for the system, they are discussing a concept other than thermodynamic entropy.
文摘目的探讨骨碎补总黄酮防治骨质疏松的机理,为补肾中药有效成分治疗骨质疏松症提供实验依据。方法选取3月龄雌性SD大鼠72只,随机分为6组:给药组切除双侧卵巢给予骨碎补总黄酮灌胃,分为:高剂量组,中剂量组,低剂量组;对照组,切除双侧卵巢给予雌激素灌胃;假手术组,开腹后切除一小块卵巢周围脂肪给予常规喂饲;空白组不做处理常规喂饲。分别在第0、3、6个月处死每次每组4只。取左胫骨近端干骺端标本,运用荧光定量PCR方法测定Cathepsin K mRNA表达量,运用三点弯曲法测胫骨干最大弯曲载荷,采用SPSS软件进行数据统计分析。结果给药组与对照组胫骨干骺端Cathepsin K mRNA表达量相比,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。给药组与假手术,空白组均有显著性差异(P<0.01);胫骨干最大弯曲载荷显示:给药组与对照组有统计学意义(P<0.05),给药组与假手术,空白组均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论骨碎补总黄酮可以降低胫骨干骺端Cathepsin KmRNA的表达量,提高胫骨干最大弯曲载荷。此可能为骨碎补总黄酮治疗骨质疏松症的重要机制。
