The X field is located in the southwestern part of block NX89 of Kentan Basin in Libya.This field is produced from Hailan multilayer consolidated sandstone with moderate rock property and a relatively low energy suppl...The X field is located in the southwestern part of block NX89 of Kentan Basin in Libya.This field is produced from Hailan multilayer consolidated sandstone with moderate rock property and a relatively low energy supplying.The reserve of subsurface energy sources is declining with years.Therefore,techniques were combined to achieve the energy optimization and increase hydrocarbon recovery.In order to understand the subsurface formation of the reservoir and facilitate oil production,global hydraulic element technique was used to quantify the reservoir rock types.In addition,stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot was used for reservoir layering.Reservoir heterogeneity was identified using stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot and Dykstra-Parsons coefficient.Leverett J-functionwas used to average the 13 capillary pressure curves into four main curves to represent the whole reservoir based on flow zone indicator values.Capillary pressure was calculated and plotted with normalized water saturation;a single average curve was defined to represent the rest of the curves.Water saturation was calculated using single and multiple J-functions and compared with the available logs.With multiple J-functions,the matching results were good for both high and low-quality layers,whereas using a single J-function,the match was poor,especially for low FZI layers such as H4c and H6a.Four rock types were identified for this reservoir ranging from medium to good reservoir quality and six different layers were obtained.The reservoir was heterogeneous with a Lorenz coefficient value of approximately 0.72 and a Dykstra-Parsons value of 0.70.All approaches used in this paper were validated and showed improved hydrocarbon recovery factor.展开更多
Pore size determination of hydrocarbon reservoirs is one of the main challenging areas in reservoir studies.Precise estimation of this parameter leads to enhance the reservoir simulation,process evaluation,and further...Pore size determination of hydrocarbon reservoirs is one of the main challenging areas in reservoir studies.Precise estimation of this parameter leads to enhance the reservoir simulation,process evaluation,and further forecasting of reservoir behavior.Hence,it is of great importance to estimate the pore size of reservoir rocks with an appropriate accuracy.In the present study,a modified J-function was developed and applied to determine the pore radius in one of the hydrocarbon reservoir rocks located in the Middle East.The capillary pressure data vs.water saturation(PceSw)as well as routine reservoir core analysis include porosity(4)and permeability(k)were used to develop the J-function.First,the normalized porosity(4z),the rock quality index(RQI),and the flow zone indicator(FZI)concepts were used to categorize all data into discrete hydraulic flow units(HFU)containing unique pore geometry and bedding characteristics.Thereafter,the modified J-function was used to normalize all capillary pressure curves corresponding to each of predetermined HFU.The results showed that the reservoir rock was classified into five separate rock types with the definite HFU and reservoir pore geometry.Eventually,the pore radius for each of these HFUs was determined using a developed equation obtained by normalized J-function corresponding to each HFU.The proposed equation is a function of reservoir rock characteristics including 4z,FZI,lithology index(J*),and pore size distribution index(3).This methodology used,the reservoir under study was classified into five discrete HFU with unique equations for permeability,normalized J-function and pore size.The proposed technique is able to apply on any reservoir to determine the pore size of the reservoir rock,specially the one with high range of heterogeneity in the reservoir rock properties.展开更多
Oil saturation was an important parameter of reservoir evaluation, which had important guiding significance for oilfield development. In this paper, the oil saturation of tight oil in G area was studied, and the origi...Oil saturation was an important parameter of reservoir evaluation, which had important guiding significance for oilfield development. In this paper, the oil saturation of tight oil in G area was studied, and the original oil saturation of the study area was studied by using the comprehensive experimental method. The original oil saturation of tight oil in the study area was determined by J function method, rock electricity method and oil-based mud coring method. The results showed that through the comparison of three experimental methods, it could be concluded that the J function method leads to the low value of oil saturation in the study area. The oil-based mud coring method was more suitable for the determination of oil saturation in this area than the other two methods because it needs to meet too many conditions and the calculation results were also low. G area was located in Qili Village, Ordos Basin.展开更多
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM)under UTM Transdiciplinary Research Grant(Q.J130000.3551.06G68)which made this research effective and viable.
文摘The X field is located in the southwestern part of block NX89 of Kentan Basin in Libya.This field is produced from Hailan multilayer consolidated sandstone with moderate rock property and a relatively low energy supplying.The reserve of subsurface energy sources is declining with years.Therefore,techniques were combined to achieve the energy optimization and increase hydrocarbon recovery.In order to understand the subsurface formation of the reservoir and facilitate oil production,global hydraulic element technique was used to quantify the reservoir rock types.In addition,stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot was used for reservoir layering.Reservoir heterogeneity was identified using stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot and Dykstra-Parsons coefficient.Leverett J-functionwas used to average the 13 capillary pressure curves into four main curves to represent the whole reservoir based on flow zone indicator values.Capillary pressure was calculated and plotted with normalized water saturation;a single average curve was defined to represent the rest of the curves.Water saturation was calculated using single and multiple J-functions and compared with the available logs.With multiple J-functions,the matching results were good for both high and low-quality layers,whereas using a single J-function,the match was poor,especially for low FZI layers such as H4c and H6a.Four rock types were identified for this reservoir ranging from medium to good reservoir quality and six different layers were obtained.The reservoir was heterogeneous with a Lorenz coefficient value of approximately 0.72 and a Dykstra-Parsons value of 0.70.All approaches used in this paper were validated and showed improved hydrocarbon recovery factor.
文摘Pore size determination of hydrocarbon reservoirs is one of the main challenging areas in reservoir studies.Precise estimation of this parameter leads to enhance the reservoir simulation,process evaluation,and further forecasting of reservoir behavior.Hence,it is of great importance to estimate the pore size of reservoir rocks with an appropriate accuracy.In the present study,a modified J-function was developed and applied to determine the pore radius in one of the hydrocarbon reservoir rocks located in the Middle East.The capillary pressure data vs.water saturation(PceSw)as well as routine reservoir core analysis include porosity(4)and permeability(k)were used to develop the J-function.First,the normalized porosity(4z),the rock quality index(RQI),and the flow zone indicator(FZI)concepts were used to categorize all data into discrete hydraulic flow units(HFU)containing unique pore geometry and bedding characteristics.Thereafter,the modified J-function was used to normalize all capillary pressure curves corresponding to each of predetermined HFU.The results showed that the reservoir rock was classified into five separate rock types with the definite HFU and reservoir pore geometry.Eventually,the pore radius for each of these HFUs was determined using a developed equation obtained by normalized J-function corresponding to each HFU.The proposed equation is a function of reservoir rock characteristics including 4z,FZI,lithology index(J*),and pore size distribution index(3).This methodology used,the reservoir under study was classified into five discrete HFU with unique equations for permeability,normalized J-function and pore size.The proposed technique is able to apply on any reservoir to determine the pore size of the reservoir rock,specially the one with high range of heterogeneity in the reservoir rock properties.
文摘Oil saturation was an important parameter of reservoir evaluation, which had important guiding significance for oilfield development. In this paper, the oil saturation of tight oil in G area was studied, and the original oil saturation of the study area was studied by using the comprehensive experimental method. The original oil saturation of tight oil in the study area was determined by J function method, rock electricity method and oil-based mud coring method. The results showed that through the comparison of three experimental methods, it could be concluded that the J function method leads to the low value of oil saturation in the study area. The oil-based mud coring method was more suitable for the determination of oil saturation in this area than the other two methods because it needs to meet too many conditions and the calculation results were also low. G area was located in Qili Village, Ordos Basin.
