Background:Compared with the fixed-price mechanism,the bookbuilding mechanism has not changed the Chinese IPO high underpricing.How to develop scientific and reasonable IPO pricing,and reduce the high IPO underpricing...Background:Compared with the fixed-price mechanism,the bookbuilding mechanism has not changed the Chinese IPO high underpricing.How to develop scientific and reasonable IPO pricing,and reduce the high IPO underpricing has become a major challenge for China's securities market.Methods:In this paper,using behavioral finance theory and game theory,we build the Initial public offering(IPO)pricing and underpricing models with investors’heterogeneity based on different issuing mechanisms and provide a comparative analysis.Results:Firstly,our models show that IPO underpricing will not be eliminated by using either fixed-price or bookbuilding mechanisms,but when the investors’heterogeneity expectation is the same,lower IPO underpricing can be obtained by the issuing of bookbuilding compared with that of fixed price.Secondly,the IPO underpricing may be larger than that under fixed price if the heterogeneity of investors under bookbuilding is larger than that under fixed price.Thirdly,the numerical analysis results provide strong support for our model.Conclusions:These findings further explains the cause of the high IPO underpricing long-standing in China.展开更多
In ACM'CCS 2009,Camenisch,et al.proposed the Oblivious Transfer with Access Control(AC-OT) in which each item is associated with an attribute set and can only be available,on request,to the users who have all the ...In ACM'CCS 2009,Camenisch,et al.proposed the Oblivious Transfer with Access Control(AC-OT) in which each item is associated with an attribute set and can only be available,on request,to the users who have all the attributes in the associated set.Namely,AC-OT achieves access control policy for conjunction of attributes.Essentially,the functionality of AC-OT is equivalent to the sim-plified version that we call AC-OT-SV:for each item,one attribute is associated with it,and it is requested that only the users who possess the associated attribute can obtain the item by queries.On one hand,AC-OT-SV is a special case of AC-OT when there is just one associated attribute with each item.On the other hand,any AC-OT can be realized by an AC-OT-SV.In this paper,we first present a concrete AC-OT-SV protocol which is proved to be secure in the model defined by Camenisch,et al..Then from the protocol,interestingly,a concrete Identity-Based Encryption(IBE) with Anonymous Key Issuing(AKI) is given which is just a direct application to AC-OT-SV.By comparison,we show that the AKI protocol we present is more efficient in communications than that proposed by Chow.展开更多
On June 2nd,the press conference for issuing the national standard—Target Text Quality Requirements for Translation Services was held in Beijing,jointly hosted by China Association for Standardization (CAS),Translato...On June 2nd,the press conference for issuing the national standard—Target Text Quality Requirements for Translation Services was held in Beijing,jointly hosted by China Association for Standardization (CAS),Translator Association of China (TAC),China Translation and Publishing Corporation (CTPC) and China Shipol Information Center.展开更多
The Quantity Theory of Money and the Theory of Credit Creation have been the major streams in the study of the quantity of money.Nowadays,monetary theory is dominated by the Quantity Theory of Money because the Moneta...The Quantity Theory of Money and the Theory of Credit Creation have been the major streams in the study of the quantity of money.Nowadays,monetary theory is dominated by the Quantity Theory of Money because the Monetarist School and the Rational Expectation School are both the advocates of the Quantity Theory of Money,which has resulted in a sharp decrease of scholars studying the Theory of Credit Creation.Nevertheless,the two theories will ultimately converge.Given that reason,we propose a new theory-Dynamic Quantity Theory of Money in this paper,by which the unification of the Quantity Theory of Money and the Theory of Credit Creation can be achieved.Based on the Dynamic Quantity Theory of Money,we further put forward the Theory of Money Operation Cycle,the Theory of Monetary Compensation and Theory of Investment Compensation targeting economic crises,expound why Quantitative Easing monetary policy fails and why Quantitative Easing does not cause inflation in the short term under the premise of these theories,and demonstrate the necessity of fiscal investment for rescuing economic crisis from the perspective of theories of money.展开更多
Corporate bonds are an important tool for financing companies in the capital market, which can effectively solve the problem of capital needed for internal production and operation. Corporate bonds play a key role in ...Corporate bonds are an important tool for financing companies in the capital market, which can effectively solve the problem of capital needed for internal production and operation. Corporate bonds play a key role in financing, fully meet the financing needs of modern enterprises in the development process, and greatly promote the optimal allocation of social funds in our country. In this regard, this paper expounds the development status of China's corporate bond market, combining with relevant laws and regulations, analyzes and summarizes the main problems faced by enterprises in the process of bond issuance, and puts forward targeted suggestions for reference.展开更多
在开源软件和开源平台中,开发人员可以通过提交issue来记录所发现的软件错误或提出新功能需求.由于缺乏经验、专业水平有限等原因,用户可能无法对issue内容进行准确有效地总结,导致issue标题质量较低,进而降低issue的解决效率.此外,现有...在开源软件和开源平台中,开发人员可以通过提交issue来记录所发现的软件错误或提出新功能需求.由于缺乏经验、专业水平有限等原因,用户可能无法对issue内容进行准确有效地总结,导致issue标题质量较低,进而降低issue的解决效率.此外,现有的issue标题自动生成方法主要面向GitHub等英文开源平台,当应用在Gitee等国产开源平台时表现不佳.同时,现有方法主要使用issue主体描述作为输入,忽略了issue中的代码片段等重要信息.为此,本文提出一种面向Gitee平台的issue标题自动生成方法GITG(Gitee Issue Title Generation),针对包含中文和英文文本的issue,使用构建的Gitee issue数据集对支持中文的预训练模型Chinese BART(Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers)进行微调,利用issue主体描述和代码片段的双模态信息来自动生成issue标题.为验证GITG的有效性,构建了包含18242个Gitee issue样本的数据集.实验结果表明,GITG在ROUGE-1、ROUGE-2和ROUGE-L指标上相较于iTAPE和iTiger分别至少提升了13.09%、10.18%和12.84%,在BLEU和METEOR指标上同样取得了性能提升.人工评价结果表明,GITG生成标题的平均得分在整体分数、流畅性、信息性和简洁性4个评价指标上相较iTAPE和iTiger分别至少提升了26.7%、20.8%、24.2%和20.0%.展开更多
The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,particularly large language models(LLMs),has become essential across various sectors due to their advanced language comprehension and generation capabilities.De...The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,particularly large language models(LLMs),has become essential across various sectors due to their advanced language comprehension and generation capabilities.Despite their transformative impact in fields such as machine translation and intelligent dialogue systems,LLMs face significant challenges.These challenges include safety,security,and privacy concerns that undermine their trustworthiness and effectiveness,such as hallucinations,backdoor attacks,and privacy leakage.Previous works often conflated safety issues with security concerns.In contrast,our study provides clearer and more reasonable definitions for safety,security,and privacy within the context of LLMs.Building on these definitions,we provide a comprehensive overview of the vulnerabilities and defense mechanisms related to safety,security,and privacy in LLMs.Additionally,we explore the unique research challenges posed by LLMs and suggest potential avenues for future research,aiming to enhance the robustness and reliability of LLMs in the face of emerging threats.展开更多
1 The 2025 FIRST Robotics Competition(FRC)Shanghai Regional has returned to the city,inspiring youth in science and technology.The three⁃day event,starting from March 14,has brought together nearly 1,000 young competi...1 The 2025 FIRST Robotics Competition(FRC)Shanghai Regional has returned to the city,inspiring youth in science and technology.The three⁃day event,starting from March 14,has brought together nearly 1,000 young competitors from 43 teams—including three international teams.Held at East China Normal University,the event centered on this year's theme“Reefscape”,challenging participants to address environmental issues through robotics.Teams have to design and program robots to transplant artificial coral and collect simulated algae(模拟藻类),simulating marine ecosystems'restoration processes.展开更多
On April 11,CIIS Vice President Liu Qing met with a delegation from the Australia-based think tank Lowy Institute,led by Richard McGregor,Senior Fellow for East Asia.The two sides had an in-depth exchange of opinions ...On April 11,CIIS Vice President Liu Qing met with a delegation from the Australia-based think tank Lowy Institute,led by Richard McGregor,Senior Fellow for East Asia.The two sides had an in-depth exchange of opinions on China-Australia relations as well as international and regional issues of interest.展开更多
This study summarizes the examination data of registration labels for ordinary cosmetics in Beijing from May 2021 to April 2024.It analyzes and categorizes the issues identified during label evaluations,explores the u...This study summarizes the examination data of registration labels for ordinary cosmetics in Beijing from May 2021 to April 2024.It analyzes and categorizes the issues identified during label evaluations,explores the underlying causes,and proposes regulatory countermeasures and recommendations for registrants,regulatory authorities,and social organizations.The objective is to offer practical insights and regulatory guidance to support the enhancement of cosmetic registration and regulatory standards.展开更多
The reader might rightly ask for a word on the origin of this special issue of Cultures of Science. The topic of ‘common sense’(CS) arose from an international workshop organized in September 2017 in Beijing by the ...The reader might rightly ask for a word on the origin of this special issue of Cultures of Science. The topic of ‘common sense’(CS) arose from an international workshop organized in September 2017 in Beijing by the then newly founded NAIS(National Academy of Innovation Strategy). As part of the developments, this very journal, Cultures of Science, was about to be launched, and the aim of the workshop was to explore future topics and issues that the journal seeks to address.展开更多
Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered forpublication:Reviewsarticle(>10000words),Shortreview(~5000words),Featurearticle(>8000words),Researchpaper,Shor...Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered forpublication:Reviewsarticle(>10000words),Shortreview(~5000words),Featurearticle(>8000words),Researchpaper,Short communication (~3000 words), Commentary (~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when makingyour submission. Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.展开更多
This study investigates the application of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content(AIGC)in vocational education through a comprehensive questionnaire survey administered to vocational education instructors in China....This study investigates the application of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content(AIGC)in vocational education through a comprehensive questionnaire survey administered to vocational education instructors in China.It examines their awareness and utilization of AIGC,exploring its primary functions in teaching and the ethical challenges encountered.The findings reveal that the majority of teachers perceive AIGC as significantly contributing to instructional design and the provision of educational resources.While teachers generally acknowledge the educational potential of AIGC technology,they also express concerns regarding ethical issues such as privacy breaches,intellectual property infringements,and unequal access to technological resources.Consequently,AIGC technology possesses substantial potential for application within vocational education.However,its implementation must be accompanied by enhanced ethical education and technical training for both educators and students to ensure that AIGC effectively supports the reform and advancement of vocational education.展开更多
Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research pa...Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.展开更多
Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research pa...Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.展开更多
SAMR (SAC) and relevant departments jointly issued the Report on the Standardization Achievements of the 10th Anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) recently, to summarize the fruitful results in promoting ...SAMR (SAC) and relevant departments jointly issued the Report on the Standardization Achievements of the 10th Anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) recently, to summarize the fruitful results in promoting the connectivity of standardization among Belt and Road countries in the past 10 years.展开更多
Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CASTopic of the Special Issue What are the top questions tow...Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CASTopic of the Special Issue What are the top questions towards better science and innovation and the required data to answer these questions?展开更多
Coming together is a beginning,keeping together is progress,and working together is success.The theory is almost applicable to any area,and the standardization community is no exception.The State Council issued the Op...Coming together is a beginning,keeping together is progress,and working together is success.The theory is almost applicable to any area,and the standardization community is no exception.The State Council issued the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Unified National Market in March 2022,which has become an important national strategy since then.展开更多
基金supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(71361005)。
文摘Background:Compared with the fixed-price mechanism,the bookbuilding mechanism has not changed the Chinese IPO high underpricing.How to develop scientific and reasonable IPO pricing,and reduce the high IPO underpricing has become a major challenge for China's securities market.Methods:In this paper,using behavioral finance theory and game theory,we build the Initial public offering(IPO)pricing and underpricing models with investors’heterogeneity based on different issuing mechanisms and provide a comparative analysis.Results:Firstly,our models show that IPO underpricing will not be eliminated by using either fixed-price or bookbuilding mechanisms,but when the investors’heterogeneity expectation is the same,lower IPO underpricing can be obtained by the issuing of bookbuilding compared with that of fixed price.Secondly,the IPO underpricing may be larger than that under fixed price if the heterogeneity of investors under bookbuilding is larger than that under fixed price.Thirdly,the numerical analysis results provide strong support for our model.Conclusions:These findings further explains the cause of the high IPO underpricing long-standing in China.
文摘In ACM'CCS 2009,Camenisch,et al.proposed the Oblivious Transfer with Access Control(AC-OT) in which each item is associated with an attribute set and can only be available,on request,to the users who have all the attributes in the associated set.Namely,AC-OT achieves access control policy for conjunction of attributes.Essentially,the functionality of AC-OT is equivalent to the sim-plified version that we call AC-OT-SV:for each item,one attribute is associated with it,and it is requested that only the users who possess the associated attribute can obtain the item by queries.On one hand,AC-OT-SV is a special case of AC-OT when there is just one associated attribute with each item.On the other hand,any AC-OT can be realized by an AC-OT-SV.In this paper,we first present a concrete AC-OT-SV protocol which is proved to be secure in the model defined by Camenisch,et al..Then from the protocol,interestingly,a concrete Identity-Based Encryption(IBE) with Anonymous Key Issuing(AKI) is given which is just a direct application to AC-OT-SV.By comparison,we show that the AKI protocol we present is more efficient in communications than that proposed by Chow.
文摘On June 2nd,the press conference for issuing the national standard—Target Text Quality Requirements for Translation Services was held in Beijing,jointly hosted by China Association for Standardization (CAS),Translator Association of China (TAC),China Translation and Publishing Corporation (CTPC) and China Shipol Information Center.
文摘The Quantity Theory of Money and the Theory of Credit Creation have been the major streams in the study of the quantity of money.Nowadays,monetary theory is dominated by the Quantity Theory of Money because the Monetarist School and the Rational Expectation School are both the advocates of the Quantity Theory of Money,which has resulted in a sharp decrease of scholars studying the Theory of Credit Creation.Nevertheless,the two theories will ultimately converge.Given that reason,we propose a new theory-Dynamic Quantity Theory of Money in this paper,by which the unification of the Quantity Theory of Money and the Theory of Credit Creation can be achieved.Based on the Dynamic Quantity Theory of Money,we further put forward the Theory of Money Operation Cycle,the Theory of Monetary Compensation and Theory of Investment Compensation targeting economic crises,expound why Quantitative Easing monetary policy fails and why Quantitative Easing does not cause inflation in the short term under the premise of these theories,and demonstrate the necessity of fiscal investment for rescuing economic crisis from the perspective of theories of money.
文摘Corporate bonds are an important tool for financing companies in the capital market, which can effectively solve the problem of capital needed for internal production and operation. Corporate bonds play a key role in financing, fully meet the financing needs of modern enterprises in the development process, and greatly promote the optimal allocation of social funds in our country. In this regard, this paper expounds the development status of China's corporate bond market, combining with relevant laws and regulations, analyzes and summarizes the main problems faced by enterprises in the process of bond issuance, and puts forward targeted suggestions for reference.
文摘在开源软件和开源平台中,开发人员可以通过提交issue来记录所发现的软件错误或提出新功能需求.由于缺乏经验、专业水平有限等原因,用户可能无法对issue内容进行准确有效地总结,导致issue标题质量较低,进而降低issue的解决效率.此外,现有的issue标题自动生成方法主要面向GitHub等英文开源平台,当应用在Gitee等国产开源平台时表现不佳.同时,现有方法主要使用issue主体描述作为输入,忽略了issue中的代码片段等重要信息.为此,本文提出一种面向Gitee平台的issue标题自动生成方法GITG(Gitee Issue Title Generation),针对包含中文和英文文本的issue,使用构建的Gitee issue数据集对支持中文的预训练模型Chinese BART(Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers)进行微调,利用issue主体描述和代码片段的双模态信息来自动生成issue标题.为验证GITG的有效性,构建了包含18242个Gitee issue样本的数据集.实验结果表明,GITG在ROUGE-1、ROUGE-2和ROUGE-L指标上相较于iTAPE和iTiger分别至少提升了13.09%、10.18%和12.84%,在BLEU和METEOR指标上同样取得了性能提升.人工评价结果表明,GITG生成标题的平均得分在整体分数、流畅性、信息性和简洁性4个评价指标上相较iTAPE和iTiger分别至少提升了26.7%、20.8%、24.2%和20.0%.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2022YFB3103500the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.62402087 and No.62020106013+3 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program under Grant No.2023ZYD0142the Chengdu Science and Technology Program under Grant No.2023-XT00-00002-GXthe Fundamental Research Funds for Chinese Central Universities under Grants No.ZYGX2020ZB027 and No.Y030232063003002the Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program under Grant No.BX20230060.
文摘The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,particularly large language models(LLMs),has become essential across various sectors due to their advanced language comprehension and generation capabilities.Despite their transformative impact in fields such as machine translation and intelligent dialogue systems,LLMs face significant challenges.These challenges include safety,security,and privacy concerns that undermine their trustworthiness and effectiveness,such as hallucinations,backdoor attacks,and privacy leakage.Previous works often conflated safety issues with security concerns.In contrast,our study provides clearer and more reasonable definitions for safety,security,and privacy within the context of LLMs.Building on these definitions,we provide a comprehensive overview of the vulnerabilities and defense mechanisms related to safety,security,and privacy in LLMs.Additionally,we explore the unique research challenges posed by LLMs and suggest potential avenues for future research,aiming to enhance the robustness and reliability of LLMs in the face of emerging threats.
文摘1 The 2025 FIRST Robotics Competition(FRC)Shanghai Regional has returned to the city,inspiring youth in science and technology.The three⁃day event,starting from March 14,has brought together nearly 1,000 young competitors from 43 teams—including three international teams.Held at East China Normal University,the event centered on this year's theme“Reefscape”,challenging participants to address environmental issues through robotics.Teams have to design and program robots to transplant artificial coral and collect simulated algae(模拟藻类),simulating marine ecosystems'restoration processes.
文摘On April 11,CIIS Vice President Liu Qing met with a delegation from the Australia-based think tank Lowy Institute,led by Richard McGregor,Senior Fellow for East Asia.The two sides had an in-depth exchange of opinions on China-Australia relations as well as international and regional issues of interest.
文摘This study summarizes the examination data of registration labels for ordinary cosmetics in Beijing from May 2021 to April 2024.It analyzes and categorizes the issues identified during label evaluations,explores the underlying causes,and proposes regulatory countermeasures and recommendations for registrants,regulatory authorities,and social organizations.The objective is to offer practical insights and regulatory guidance to support the enhancement of cosmetic registration and regulatory standards.
文摘The reader might rightly ask for a word on the origin of this special issue of Cultures of Science. The topic of ‘common sense’(CS) arose from an international workshop organized in September 2017 in Beijing by the then newly founded NAIS(National Academy of Innovation Strategy). As part of the developments, this very journal, Cultures of Science, was about to be launched, and the aim of the workshop was to explore future topics and issues that the journal seeks to address.
文摘Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered forpublication:Reviewsarticle(>10000words),Shortreview(~5000words),Featurearticle(>8000words),Researchpaper,Short communication (~3000 words), Commentary (~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when makingyour submission. Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
基金supported by the Fujian Province Education Science "14th Five-Year Plan" 2023 Annual Project(FJJKGZ23-055)the 2023 Fujian Province Vocational Education Research Project (GA2023007)。
文摘This study investigates the application of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content(AIGC)in vocational education through a comprehensive questionnaire survey administered to vocational education instructors in China.It examines their awareness and utilization of AIGC,exploring its primary functions in teaching and the ethical challenges encountered.The findings reveal that the majority of teachers perceive AIGC as significantly contributing to instructional design and the provision of educational resources.While teachers generally acknowledge the educational potential of AIGC technology,they also express concerns regarding ethical issues such as privacy breaches,intellectual property infringements,and unequal access to technological resources.Consequently,AIGC technology possesses substantial potential for application within vocational education.However,its implementation must be accompanied by enhanced ethical education and technical training for both educators and students to ensure that AIGC effectively supports the reform and advancement of vocational education.
文摘Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
文摘Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
文摘SAMR (SAC) and relevant departments jointly issued the Report on the Standardization Achievements of the 10th Anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) recently, to summarize the fruitful results in promoting the connectivity of standardization among Belt and Road countries in the past 10 years.
文摘Editors Yang Wang,Xi'an Jiaotong University Dongbo Shi,Shanghai Jiaotong University Ye Sun,University College London Zhesi Shen,National Science Library,CASTopic of the Special Issue What are the top questions towards better science and innovation and the required data to answer these questions?
文摘Coming together is a beginning,keeping together is progress,and working together is success.The theory is almost applicable to any area,and the standardization community is no exception.The State Council issued the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Unified National Market in March 2022,which has become an important national strategy since then.
