A series of China-Israel cultural and trade promotion activities were launched on January 8 at the China Cultural Center in Tel Aviv,attracting scores of Israelis.The three-day activities included a China-Israel cultu...A series of China-Israel cultural and trade promotion activities were launched on January 8 at the China Cultural Center in Tel Aviv,attracting scores of Israelis.The three-day activities included a China-Israel cultural innovation program roadshow,“China Style”cultural and creative product exhibition as well as“This Moment in Pudong”photography exhibition to commemorate the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and openingup.“The Jewish Refugees and Shanghai”exhibition and“Oriental Rhythms”Yueju Opera class are also two important parts of these activities.China’s national intangible cultural heritage,pottery and porcelain,silk,embroidery,and tea ceremony were also staged.展开更多
The Middle East has long been in turmoil,and the new round of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has further highlighted the urgency of security governance in the region.The Global Security Initiative(GSI)proposed by Ch...The Middle East has long been in turmoil,and the new round of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has further highlighted the urgency of security governance in the region.The Global Security Initiative(GSI)proposed by China provides theoretical guidance and practical paths for China’s participation in Middle East security governance.China’s engagement in Middle East security governance not only meets the expectations of Middle East countries but also fully demonstrates its responsibility as a major country,which is of great significance for China to explore participation in global security governance and address the global security deficit.展开更多
The main aim of this study is to assess the quality of inexpensive plastic toys imported to Palestinian Markets. The content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, As, Se, Ba, and Zn) was analyzed in 50 plastic toys purchas...The main aim of this study is to assess the quality of inexpensive plastic toys imported to Palestinian Markets. The content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, As, Se, Ba, and Zn) was analyzed in 50 plastic toys purchased from local markets in Palestine and 17 plastic toys purchased from Israeli markets for comparison. After the digestion of samples with concentrated nitric acids and hydrogen peroxide using a microwave digester, the concentrations of the selected heavy metals were determined by ICP-MS Agilent 7500 in Al-Quds University. Results revealed that 40% of the Palestinian toy samples had high concentration (above international limits) of Pb, 30% of Cd, 34% of Cr, 6% of Hg, 42% of As, 32% of Se, 20% of Ba, and 40% of Zn. On the other hand, 95% of the Israeli samples were safe, and their concentrations were less than the maximum internationally allowable limits. In the same context, ten toy samples (2.5 gm each) had been crushed and dipped for 8 hours in a solution of artificial saliva. The solution was acidified and tested for heavy metal concentrations, but none of the migration concentrations exceeded the international maximum allowable limit. High levels of heavy metal concentrations, found in the plastic toys from the Palestinian markets could form a health hazard to children and put their lives at risk. It could be also an indirect source for environmental pollution.展开更多
During periods of global warming (GW), expected increases in urban temperatures can have adverse impacts on city climate and thermal discomfort due to combined urban and global warming effects. The different climates ...During periods of global warming (GW), expected increases in urban temperatures can have adverse impacts on city climate and thermal discomfort due to combined urban and global warming effects. The different climates in four cities in Israel are studied for the purpose of differentiating global vs. urban warming. Trends in urban and nearby rural areas were compared in order to estimate the urbanization effect on the local climate zones. Daily 06:00 and 15:00 Local Time (LT) temperatures for July 1980-2014 were investigated. The linear relationship between the urban warming and population growth observed in present climate data is assumed to continue into the near future. The Regional Climate Model (RegCM) temperature trends into the 21st century are assumed to represent primarily the GW because of the relatively coarse grid interval of 25 km. Hence, this study first differentiates between global and local warming past trends, and then uses this past result to make future projections that consider both factors. A unique feature of this study is the large climatic variety over Israel—a small country that encompasses no less than 5 different K?ppen climatic zones. The urban minus rural temperature (1980-2014) changes, ΔTu-r, show more intense warming in the afternoon in all 4 cities. For instance, in Jerusalem and Eilat, the ΔTu-r has increased by ~1.2°C. Following the RegCM predictions, by 2060 with “No population growth”, this temperature increase is expected to continue, by 1.114°C and 1.119°C, respectively. If, however, these cities grow rapidly, air temperature will increase by 2.937°C - 4.129°C and 2.778°C - 3.939°C, respectively.展开更多
The Dicistroviridae is a virus family that includes many insect pathogens.These viruses contain a positive-sense RNA genome that is replicated by the virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRP)also named 3D^(po...The Dicistroviridae is a virus family that includes many insect pathogens.These viruses contain a positive-sense RNA genome that is replicated by the virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRP)also named 3D^(pol).Compared with the Picornaviridae RdRPs such as poliovirus(PV)3D^(pol),the Dicistroviridae representative Israeli acute paralysis virus(IAPV)3D^(pol) has an additional N-terminal extension(NE)region that is about 40-residue in length.To date,both the structure and catalytic mechanism of the Dicistroviridae RdRP have remain elusive.Here we reported crystal structures of two truncated forms of IAPV 3D^(pol),namelyΔ85 andΔ40,both missing the NE region,and the 3D^(pol) protein in these structures exhibited three conformational states.The palm and thumb domains of these IAPV 3D^(pol) structures are largely consistent with those of the PV 3D^(pol) structures.However,in all structures,the RdRP fingers domain is partially disordered,while different conformations of RdRP substructures and interactions between them are also present.In particular,a large-scale conformational change occurred in the motif B-middle finger region in one protein chain of theΔ40 structure,while a previously documented alternative conformation of motif A was observed in all IAPV structures.These experimental data on one hand show intrinsic conformational variances of RdRP substructures,and on the other hand suggest possible contribution of the NE region in proper RdRP folding in IAPV.展开更多
The purpose of the article is to review the dynamics of the Orientalist agenda in Israeli modernism from the 1920s to the 1970s as the establishment of sign-object relations(semiosis)in the national art and music.The ...The purpose of the article is to review the dynamics of the Orientalist agenda in Israeli modernism from the 1920s to the 1970s as the establishment of sign-object relations(semiosis)in the national art and music.The article considers,as a key issue,the phenomenon,which was not explicitly voiced as such,but was present at a conscious level in the artistic palette of the first and second generation of Israeli artists and composers.This refers to rather Eastern than Jewish narratives(or at least the delicate balance between them)in Israeli visual art and music created over the decades following World War I and up to the postmodern era.The main milestones in this process are reviewed based on the analysis of several selected artifacts.The scope of the topic begins with artists’acquaintance with the local motif and proceeds to the work with(and conceptualization of)various Eastern,Jewish,and Israeli symbols.展开更多
This paper investigates how the novel Habibi(1997)by the Arab-American writer Naomi Nye addresses the theme of border shifting from a postmodernist perspective that deconstructs the traditional view of borders meant t...This paper investigates how the novel Habibi(1997)by the Arab-American writer Naomi Nye addresses the theme of border shifting from a postmodernist perspective that deconstructs the traditional view of borders meant to maintain exclusion and hegemony and instead considers them as being often flimsy,malleable,and changeable.Drawing upon her experience as a multifarious Arab-American writer whose father was a Palestinian immigrant and whose mother was an American,Nye tries to build bridges across political,national,cultural,and ethnic boundaries.Through a love story between the two protagonists(Liyana,whose father is a Palestinian-American and whose mother is American and Omer,whose parents are Jewish Israelis),Nye endeavors to bring about a sense of harmony and understanding between the politically,ethnically,culturally,and racially separated J home whether in reality ews and Palestinians.At the end,Liyana's family realizes they can have more than one or in imagination.展开更多
This paper examines the evolution of the representation of the Arab in Israeli Cinema as a reflection of the way Arabs are perceived in Israeli cultural and political discourse. Scholars have mostly depicted this repr...This paper examines the evolution of the representation of the Arab in Israeli Cinema as a reflection of the way Arabs are perceived in Israeli cultural and political discourse. Scholars have mostly depicted this representation as static over time. Using examples drawn from a range of Jewish-Israeli film, this paper argues instead that the cinematic representation of Arabs changes over time in ways that mirror currents in Israeli political and social discourse展开更多
The authors investigated: 1) How many of 250 Israeli Arab mothers (50% in consanguineous marriages) of babies with severe congenital anomalies had undergone prenatal testing during pregnancy, and how many had refused ...The authors investigated: 1) How many of 250 Israeli Arab mothers (50% in consanguineous marriages) of babies with severe congenital anomalies had undergone prenatal testing during pregnancy, and how many had refused termination of pregnancy (TOP) when recommended;2) Why TOP had been refused;3) Attitudes regarding prenatal testing and TOP in future pregnancies;and 4) Whether the women would have changed their decision had they been able to talk to a Moslem cleric or Moslem doctor in addition to the regular personnel. Eighty seven (35%) refused to even consider TOP, 55 (22%) agreed to undergo TOP, and 87 (35%) agreed provided the procedure would be performed before 120 days gestation. The remainder were undecided. Of 195 women, the addition of a Moslem religious cleric or physician to the Committee would influence 89 (46%) and 55 (28%), respectively, to change their opinion and agree to TOP, and 26 (13%) and 10 (5%), respectively, to change their opinion and agree to TOP prior to 120 days of gestation. The remainder either continued to refuse TOP or were undecided.展开更多
Corporal punishment was always considered a valid disciplinary measure in Muslim Arab culture to be used as deemed necessary to shape a minor＇s behavior. Applying physical force against children as punishment for unw...Corporal punishment was always considered a valid disciplinary measure in Muslim Arab culture to be used as deemed necessary to shape a minor＇s behavior. Applying physical force against children as punishment for unwanted behavior has become a normative part of parents＇ routine interaction with their children, despite the fact that it is forbidden by Israeli law. Psychologists that work with the Muslim Arab population find it difficult to convince parent of the difficulties and conflicts that they create by enforcing corporal punishment on their children. Parents tend to reject professional advice because it is viewed as conflicting with their cultural mentality and traditions and ignore the vast research that proves the ineffectiveness of this type of discipline and the complications that it may lead to. What＇s more, Sharia law, the religious Muslim legal code that governs the lives of Muslim Arabs in Israel, advocates and even encourages corporal punishment. Legislation and further professional intervention is necessary to change this harmful practice and to protect Muslim Arab children.展开更多
Write down： I am an Arab! This powerful proclamation is an extract from a poem composed by the eminent and late Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish. His instructive and proud words were the initial spark that challenged...Write down： I am an Arab! This powerful proclamation is an extract from a poem composed by the eminent and late Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish. His instructive and proud words were the initial spark that challenged to respond to the question of the suppressed identity of Palestinian Arabs in Israel. This study will attempt to explore the cultural representation of identity for generations of Palestinian young men and women who were born and lived in Israel but remain culturally repressed and silenced by the hegemonic forces. Identity has been a controversial issue in the mind of every Palestinian ever since the 1948 ＂Al-Nakbah＂.2 This study will attempt to comprehend and analyze the multiple ways in which different generations of 1948 Palestinians identified themselves within their societies. While studying the Arabs of Israel3 one notices that their cultural and intellectual productions （poetry and literature） reflect aspects of the conflicts they endured. Confusion and contradictory feelings permeate their psyches as they attended Israeli schools and spoke Hebrew as their official language. This paper will explore the literary heritage of two generations of 1948 Palestinians： the writings of Palestinians of 1948 who were born before Al-Nakbah （living within the borders of Israel today）. Those include poems, plays and novels. It will also explore the writings of the younger generation of 1948 Palestinians （born and raised after the Al-Nakbah and considered to be the new generation of Israeli Arabs）. A critical analysis will identify how these two generations of Palestinian writers dealt with the contradictions of living inside Israeli society that did not acknowledge them as the indigenous inhabitants of the land. Their translation of their sense of belonging within their literary works will be evident and how they dealt with the conflict of being simultaneously Israeli Arab as well as Palestinian. How can cultural production reconcile the homeland carried in the memory nostalgically and the real society they lived in within the Israeli borders？展开更多
Since its origin in the first Middle East War in 1948,the Palestinian refugee problem has not been properly resolved.Over the years,the key stakeholder Israel has put forward a variety of plans and countermeasures on ...Since its origin in the first Middle East War in 1948,the Palestinian refugee problem has not been properly resolved.Over the years,the key stakeholder Israel has put forward a variety of plans and countermeasures on refugee issues in multilateral and bilateral diplomatic stages.Researches on these policies of Israel on Palestinian refugees are crucial for solving this problem.The right wing and the left wing of political parties in Israel--lsrael's Likud and Labor Party had the longest and most influential rulings in the country.The refugee policies they have taken during their administrations have an impact on the development of the peace process in the Middle East,and also play a direct role in solving the problem of refugees.Through the analysis on refugee policies of the ruling party in various stages of the evolvement of the Arab-Israeli conflict,we can compare the Labor Party's and the Likud Party's policies for Palestinian refugees,and found that the policies of these two parties are consistent and similar on the issue of refugees,for example,neither of them recognize the responsibility of Israel on refugees,and they both denied the"right to return"of refugees,etc.In terms of the specific implementation of the policies,there are differences between them:the Likud Party was significantly tougher than the Labor Party.Both Labor and Likud is being affected by domestic and international factors,such as homeland security,the Jewish state property,political system,Jewish mentality and the support of the United States and other factors,so their policies are consistent;however,due to different historical factions,different voter groups,and national interests as well as the interests of the parties in different periods,the two parties have different refugee policies.展开更多
Adi Nes(born in 1966)is a leading Israeli artist in the field of photography,with international recognition.Nes’photography is staged as theatre,with each detail carefully planned during the production process,after ...Adi Nes(born in 1966)is a leading Israeli artist in the field of photography,with international recognition.Nes’photography is staged as theatre,with each detail carefully planned during the production process,after comprehensive visual and conceptual research.His photography engages with manliness,political and social injustice,gender,alterity,ethnicity,and religion,and his images express a constant criticism,overt or covert.This article focuses on images from his soldier series produced between 1994 and 2000.Declaring that Israel is a very male-dominated society,Nes’images of the soldiers present them in different ways:sometimes as extremely masculine and even macho,in other photos as mischievous,like a bunch of boys going wild;and in yet other photos as projecting an innocence that elicits the viewer’s compassion.The present study is a comparative one,employing the methodology of classical reception studies,and incorporating an analogy to the ancient Greek concept of the manly warrior,whose body was perceived as reflecting the political ideology of the polis.This concept is summarized in the term“Phallus Politicos”coined by John Jack Winkler,and connects between virility and politics in Ancient Greece.The argument presented here is that while the body and appearance of the warrior in Ancient Greece was consolidated with the Greek polis and its ideals,Nes’images of soldiers manifest a disruption between the soldier and the ideology he serves,and therefore convey subversive messages alongside compassion and emotional solidarity.展开更多
This study stems from the understanding of a particular difference between art in ancient times and contemporary art,for while ancient and traditional art were an integral part of one’s daily life,contemporary art is...This study stems from the understanding of a particular difference between art in ancient times and contemporary art,for while ancient and traditional art were an integral part of one’s daily life,contemporary art is detached and viewing and responding to it is a matter of choice.Another difference lies in the alienation that can exist in contemporary art,which is often not understood by those who do not engage in art as a profession or are not versed in the field of art.As a result,a situation has arisen in today’s modern world in which art tends to be the property of a limited public only,and the curatorial work is ostensibly directed at them.This study seeks to change this situation through a method defined here as“pluralistic curatorship”,based on the principle of pluralism in Israeli society.A pluralistic approach already exists to some extent on the Israeli art scene,but pluralistic curatorship still requires a defined,cohesive,and structured outline.This study presents five approaches to achieving such pluralistic curatorship,with the first three sections discussing the theoretical aspects and the last two sections discussing its practical implementation.展开更多
The subject of the Holocaust appeared in Israeli art from the establishment of the State and onwards. The integration of the Holocaust in Israeli art through the years was influenced by Israeli society and the Israeli...The subject of the Holocaust appeared in Israeli art from the establishment of the State and onwards. The integration of the Holocaust in Israeli art through the years was influenced by Israeli society and the Israeli art institutional attitude towards the subject and by local historical events. As a result, we witness a development of two directions in Israeli art concerning the Holocaust. One of them has two facets： a massive use of images emphasizing the enormous personal as well as collective destruction of the Jewish nation as the ultimate victim that ＂the entire world is against us＂; While the other facet is that despite the Jewish people emerge battered and humiliated from the Holocaust, they built a country to be an immovable, permanent and safe place for the Jewish nation since ＂there is no one else except for us to do it＂. The other direction regarding the Holocaust that developed in Israeli art, examining in an universal approach the Israeli response to the Holocaust through the prism of local historical events occurring since the establishment of the State. Therefore, we see imagery that examines the aggressive impression of the Israelis, as an internal as well as external criticism of what seems as aggression and violence against another nation. In Israel, as well as in other Modem states, art is used as a means for expression of different viewpoints. In this article, I am focusing on the artistic references to the above approaches to the Holocaust.展开更多
文摘A series of China-Israel cultural and trade promotion activities were launched on January 8 at the China Cultural Center in Tel Aviv,attracting scores of Israelis.The three-day activities included a China-Israel cultural innovation program roadshow,“China Style”cultural and creative product exhibition as well as“This Moment in Pudong”photography exhibition to commemorate the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and openingup.“The Jewish Refugees and Shanghai”exhibition and“Oriental Rhythms”Yueju Opera class are also two important parts of these activities.China’s national intangible cultural heritage,pottery and porcelain,silk,embroidery,and tea ceremony were also staged.
文摘The Middle East has long been in turmoil,and the new round of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has further highlighted the urgency of security governance in the region.The Global Security Initiative(GSI)proposed by China provides theoretical guidance and practical paths for China’s participation in Middle East security governance.China’s engagement in Middle East security governance not only meets the expectations of Middle East countries but also fully demonstrates its responsibility as a major country,which is of great significance for China to explore participation in global security governance and address the global security deficit.
文摘The main aim of this study is to assess the quality of inexpensive plastic toys imported to Palestinian Markets. The content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, As, Se, Ba, and Zn) was analyzed in 50 plastic toys purchased from local markets in Palestine and 17 plastic toys purchased from Israeli markets for comparison. After the digestion of samples with concentrated nitric acids and hydrogen peroxide using a microwave digester, the concentrations of the selected heavy metals were determined by ICP-MS Agilent 7500 in Al-Quds University. Results revealed that 40% of the Palestinian toy samples had high concentration (above international limits) of Pb, 30% of Cd, 34% of Cr, 6% of Hg, 42% of As, 32% of Se, 20% of Ba, and 40% of Zn. On the other hand, 95% of the Israeli samples were safe, and their concentrations were less than the maximum internationally allowable limits. In the same context, ten toy samples (2.5 gm each) had been crushed and dipped for 8 hours in a solution of artificial saliva. The solution was acidified and tested for heavy metal concentrations, but none of the migration concentrations exceeded the international maximum allowable limit. High levels of heavy metal concentrations, found in the plastic toys from the Palestinian markets could form a health hazard to children and put their lives at risk. It could be also an indirect source for environmental pollution.
文摘During periods of global warming (GW), expected increases in urban temperatures can have adverse impacts on city climate and thermal discomfort due to combined urban and global warming effects. The different climates in four cities in Israel are studied for the purpose of differentiating global vs. urban warming. Trends in urban and nearby rural areas were compared in order to estimate the urbanization effect on the local climate zones. Daily 06:00 and 15:00 Local Time (LT) temperatures for July 1980-2014 were investigated. The linear relationship between the urban warming and population growth observed in present climate data is assumed to continue into the near future. The Regional Climate Model (RegCM) temperature trends into the 21st century are assumed to represent primarily the GW because of the relatively coarse grid interval of 25 km. Hence, this study first differentiates between global and local warming past trends, and then uses this past result to make future projections that consider both factors. A unique feature of this study is the large climatic variety over Israel—a small country that encompasses no less than 5 different K?ppen climatic zones. The urban minus rural temperature (1980-2014) changes, ΔTu-r, show more intense warming in the afternoon in all 4 cities. For instance, in Jerusalem and Eilat, the ΔTu-r has increased by ~1.2°C. Following the RegCM predictions, by 2060 with “No population growth”, this temperature increase is expected to continue, by 1.114°C and 1.119°C, respectively. If, however, these cities grow rapidly, air temperature will increase by 2.937°C - 4.129°C and 2.778°C - 3.939°C, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31802147 to G.L.,31572471,31811530276 to C.H.)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0507200 to P.G.and G.L.)+3 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IBFC to C.H.)the Creative Research Group Program of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2022CFA021 to P.G.)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (Y2021YJ25 to C.H.)Key Biosafety Science and Technology Program of Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory (JXBS001 to P.G.).
文摘The Dicistroviridae is a virus family that includes many insect pathogens.These viruses contain a positive-sense RNA genome that is replicated by the virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRP)also named 3D^(pol).Compared with the Picornaviridae RdRPs such as poliovirus(PV)3D^(pol),the Dicistroviridae representative Israeli acute paralysis virus(IAPV)3D^(pol) has an additional N-terminal extension(NE)region that is about 40-residue in length.To date,both the structure and catalytic mechanism of the Dicistroviridae RdRP have remain elusive.Here we reported crystal structures of two truncated forms of IAPV 3D^(pol),namelyΔ85 andΔ40,both missing the NE region,and the 3D^(pol) protein in these structures exhibited three conformational states.The palm and thumb domains of these IAPV 3D^(pol) structures are largely consistent with those of the PV 3D^(pol) structures.However,in all structures,the RdRP fingers domain is partially disordered,while different conformations of RdRP substructures and interactions between them are also present.In particular,a large-scale conformational change occurred in the motif B-middle finger region in one protein chain of theΔ40 structure,while a previously documented alternative conformation of motif A was observed in all IAPV structures.These experimental data on one hand show intrinsic conformational variances of RdRP substructures,and on the other hand suggest possible contribution of the NE region in proper RdRP folding in IAPV.
文摘The purpose of the article is to review the dynamics of the Orientalist agenda in Israeli modernism from the 1920s to the 1970s as the establishment of sign-object relations(semiosis)in the national art and music.The article considers,as a key issue,the phenomenon,which was not explicitly voiced as such,but was present at a conscious level in the artistic palette of the first and second generation of Israeli artists and composers.This refers to rather Eastern than Jewish narratives(or at least the delicate balance between them)in Israeli visual art and music created over the decades following World War I and up to the postmodern era.The main milestones in this process are reviewed based on the analysis of several selected artifacts.The scope of the topic begins with artists’acquaintance with the local motif and proceeds to the work with(and conceptualization of)various Eastern,Jewish,and Israeli symbols.
文摘This paper investigates how the novel Habibi(1997)by the Arab-American writer Naomi Nye addresses the theme of border shifting from a postmodernist perspective that deconstructs the traditional view of borders meant to maintain exclusion and hegemony and instead considers them as being often flimsy,malleable,and changeable.Drawing upon her experience as a multifarious Arab-American writer whose father was a Palestinian immigrant and whose mother was an American,Nye tries to build bridges across political,national,cultural,and ethnic boundaries.Through a love story between the two protagonists(Liyana,whose father is a Palestinian-American and whose mother is American and Omer,whose parents are Jewish Israelis),Nye endeavors to bring about a sense of harmony and understanding between the politically,ethnically,culturally,and racially separated J home whether in reality ews and Palestinians.At the end,Liyana's family realizes they can have more than one or in imagination.
文摘This paper examines the evolution of the representation of the Arab in Israeli Cinema as a reflection of the way Arabs are perceived in Israeli cultural and political discourse. Scholars have mostly depicted this representation as static over time. Using examples drawn from a range of Jewish-Israeli film, this paper argues instead that the cinematic representation of Arabs changes over time in ways that mirror currents in Israeli political and social discourse
文摘The authors investigated: 1) How many of 250 Israeli Arab mothers (50% in consanguineous marriages) of babies with severe congenital anomalies had undergone prenatal testing during pregnancy, and how many had refused termination of pregnancy (TOP) when recommended;2) Why TOP had been refused;3) Attitudes regarding prenatal testing and TOP in future pregnancies;and 4) Whether the women would have changed their decision had they been able to talk to a Moslem cleric or Moslem doctor in addition to the regular personnel. Eighty seven (35%) refused to even consider TOP, 55 (22%) agreed to undergo TOP, and 87 (35%) agreed provided the procedure would be performed before 120 days gestation. The remainder were undecided. Of 195 women, the addition of a Moslem religious cleric or physician to the Committee would influence 89 (46%) and 55 (28%), respectively, to change their opinion and agree to TOP, and 26 (13%) and 10 (5%), respectively, to change their opinion and agree to TOP prior to 120 days of gestation. The remainder either continued to refuse TOP or were undecided.
文摘Corporal punishment was always considered a valid disciplinary measure in Muslim Arab culture to be used as deemed necessary to shape a minor＇s behavior. Applying physical force against children as punishment for unwanted behavior has become a normative part of parents＇ routine interaction with their children, despite the fact that it is forbidden by Israeli law. Psychologists that work with the Muslim Arab population find it difficult to convince parent of the difficulties and conflicts that they create by enforcing corporal punishment on their children. Parents tend to reject professional advice because it is viewed as conflicting with their cultural mentality and traditions and ignore the vast research that proves the ineffectiveness of this type of discipline and the complications that it may lead to. What＇s more, Sharia law, the religious Muslim legal code that governs the lives of Muslim Arabs in Israel, advocates and even encourages corporal punishment. Legislation and further professional intervention is necessary to change this harmful practice and to protect Muslim Arab children.
文摘Write down： I am an Arab! This powerful proclamation is an extract from a poem composed by the eminent and late Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish. His instructive and proud words were the initial spark that challenged to respond to the question of the suppressed identity of Palestinian Arabs in Israel. This study will attempt to explore the cultural representation of identity for generations of Palestinian young men and women who were born and lived in Israel but remain culturally repressed and silenced by the hegemonic forces. Identity has been a controversial issue in the mind of every Palestinian ever since the 1948 ＂Al-Nakbah＂.2 This study will attempt to comprehend and analyze the multiple ways in which different generations of 1948 Palestinians identified themselves within their societies. While studying the Arabs of Israel3 one notices that their cultural and intellectual productions （poetry and literature） reflect aspects of the conflicts they endured. Confusion and contradictory feelings permeate their psyches as they attended Israeli schools and spoke Hebrew as their official language. This paper will explore the literary heritage of two generations of 1948 Palestinians： the writings of Palestinians of 1948 who were born before Al-Nakbah （living within the borders of Israel today）. Those include poems, plays and novels. It will also explore the writings of the younger generation of 1948 Palestinians （born and raised after the Al-Nakbah and considered to be the new generation of Israeli Arabs）. A critical analysis will identify how these two generations of Palestinian writers dealt with the contradictions of living inside Israeli society that did not acknowledge them as the indigenous inhabitants of the land. Their translation of their sense of belonging within their literary works will be evident and how they dealt with the conflict of being simultaneously Israeli Arab as well as Palestinian. How can cultural production reconcile the homeland carried in the memory nostalgically and the real society they lived in within the Israeli borders？
文摘Since its origin in the first Middle East War in 1948,the Palestinian refugee problem has not been properly resolved.Over the years,the key stakeholder Israel has put forward a variety of plans and countermeasures on refugee issues in multilateral and bilateral diplomatic stages.Researches on these policies of Israel on Palestinian refugees are crucial for solving this problem.The right wing and the left wing of political parties in Israel--lsrael's Likud and Labor Party had the longest and most influential rulings in the country.The refugee policies they have taken during their administrations have an impact on the development of the peace process in the Middle East,and also play a direct role in solving the problem of refugees.Through the analysis on refugee policies of the ruling party in various stages of the evolvement of the Arab-Israeli conflict,we can compare the Labor Party's and the Likud Party's policies for Palestinian refugees,and found that the policies of these two parties are consistent and similar on the issue of refugees,for example,neither of them recognize the responsibility of Israel on refugees,and they both denied the"right to return"of refugees,etc.In terms of the specific implementation of the policies,there are differences between them:the Likud Party was significantly tougher than the Labor Party.Both Labor and Likud is being affected by domestic and international factors,such as homeland security,the Jewish state property,political system,Jewish mentality and the support of the United States and other factors,so their policies are consistent;however,due to different historical factions,different voter groups,and national interests as well as the interests of the parties in different periods,the two parties have different refugee policies.
文摘Adi Nes(born in 1966)is a leading Israeli artist in the field of photography,with international recognition.Nes’photography is staged as theatre,with each detail carefully planned during the production process,after comprehensive visual and conceptual research.His photography engages with manliness,political and social injustice,gender,alterity,ethnicity,and religion,and his images express a constant criticism,overt or covert.This article focuses on images from his soldier series produced between 1994 and 2000.Declaring that Israel is a very male-dominated society,Nes’images of the soldiers present them in different ways:sometimes as extremely masculine and even macho,in other photos as mischievous,like a bunch of boys going wild;and in yet other photos as projecting an innocence that elicits the viewer’s compassion.The present study is a comparative one,employing the methodology of classical reception studies,and incorporating an analogy to the ancient Greek concept of the manly warrior,whose body was perceived as reflecting the political ideology of the polis.This concept is summarized in the term“Phallus Politicos”coined by John Jack Winkler,and connects between virility and politics in Ancient Greece.The argument presented here is that while the body and appearance of the warrior in Ancient Greece was consolidated with the Greek polis and its ideals,Nes’images of soldiers manifest a disruption between the soldier and the ideology he serves,and therefore convey subversive messages alongside compassion and emotional solidarity.
文摘This study stems from the understanding of a particular difference between art in ancient times and contemporary art,for while ancient and traditional art were an integral part of one’s daily life,contemporary art is detached and viewing and responding to it is a matter of choice.Another difference lies in the alienation that can exist in contemporary art,which is often not understood by those who do not engage in art as a profession or are not versed in the field of art.As a result,a situation has arisen in today’s modern world in which art tends to be the property of a limited public only,and the curatorial work is ostensibly directed at them.This study seeks to change this situation through a method defined here as“pluralistic curatorship”,based on the principle of pluralism in Israeli society.A pluralistic approach already exists to some extent on the Israeli art scene,but pluralistic curatorship still requires a defined,cohesive,and structured outline.This study presents five approaches to achieving such pluralistic curatorship,with the first three sections discussing the theoretical aspects and the last two sections discussing its practical implementation.
文摘The subject of the Holocaust appeared in Israeli art from the establishment of the State and onwards. The integration of the Holocaust in Israeli art through the years was influenced by Israeli society and the Israeli art institutional attitude towards the subject and by local historical events. As a result, we witness a development of two directions in Israeli art concerning the Holocaust. One of them has two facets： a massive use of images emphasizing the enormous personal as well as collective destruction of the Jewish nation as the ultimate victim that ＂the entire world is against us＂; While the other facet is that despite the Jewish people emerge battered and humiliated from the Holocaust, they built a country to be an immovable, permanent and safe place for the Jewish nation since ＂there is no one else except for us to do it＂. The other direction regarding the Holocaust that developed in Israeli art, examining in an universal approach the Israeli response to the Holocaust through the prism of local historical events occurring since the establishment of the State. Therefore, we see imagery that examines the aggressive impression of the Israelis, as an internal as well as external criticism of what seems as aggression and violence against another nation. In Israel, as well as in other Modem states, art is used as a means for expression of different viewpoints. In this article, I am focusing on the artistic references to the above approaches to the Holocaust.
