To compare the early effects of hypertonic and isotonic saline resuscitation on heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） expression in organs of rats with hemorrhagic shock. Rats were randomly divided into hypertonic saline resuscit...To compare the early effects of hypertonic and isotonic saline resuscitation on heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） expression in organs of rats with hemorrhagic shock. Rats were randomly divided into hypertonic saline resuscitation （HTS）, normal saline resuscitation （NS） and sham groups. HO-1 mRNA, protein expression and apoptosis were evaluated in organs. In the HTS group, significant difference was noted in HO-1 protein in small intestinal mucosa and liver compared with the NS and sham groups, and in HO-1 mRNA in liver and kidney compared with the sham group. The apoptosis of small intestinal mucosa, liver, heart, and lung was significantly lower in the HTS group than that in the NS group. In this study, small volume resuscitation with HTS can efficiently up-regulate the expression level of HO-1 in small intestinal mucosa and liver, which may be one of the mechanisms alleviating organ damage.展开更多
The isoscaling and the isobaric yield ratio difference(IBD) probes, both of which are constructed by yield ratio of fragment, provide cancelation of parameters. The information entropy theory is introduced to explain ...The isoscaling and the isobaric yield ratio difference(IBD) probes, both of which are constructed by yield ratio of fragment, provide cancelation of parameters. The information entropy theory is introduced to explain the physical meaning of the isoscaling and IBD probes. The similarity between the isoscaling and IBD results is found, i.e.,the information uncertainty determined by the IBD method equals to β- α determined by the isoscaling(α(β) is the parameter fitted from the isotopic(isotonic) yield ratio).展开更多
Purpose:</span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Prospective study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of isotonic seawater sol...Purpose:</span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Prospective study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of isotonic seawater solution on metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) levels in the tears of patients with dry eye disease (DED). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A total of 50 patients were included, with the following dry eye criteria in both eyes: InflammaDry</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">?</span></sup><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> test initially positive, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score ≥ 12 and <33, tear film breakup time (TBUT) ≤ 10 seconds, Shirmer I test result ≤ 10 mm/5 minutes, corneal staining ≥ 1. Additionally, all the patients selected corresponded to a dry eye type 2 - 3 severity degree - mild and moderate - Dry Eye Workshop Study (DEWS) classification. The InflammaDry test is used to measure levels of MMP9 at the beginning and the end of the study. All patients were treated exclusively with isotonic seawater solution 5 times a day for 3 weeks. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The InflammaDry test was positive in 100% of the patients (n = 50) and in 100% (n = 100) of the eyes before treatment. In 14 (28%) patients the test became negative in both eyes, and in 15 (30%) it was negative in one of the eyes. In 43% (n = 43) of the positive eyes, MMP-9 became undetectable in the tear fluid following treatment with isotonic seawater. This change was statistically significant (p < 0.001). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The washes with ophthalmic isotonic seawater solution have a significant impact on inflammation of the ocular surface in dry eye disease, with an ability to make MMP-9 levels negative in 43% of cases.展开更多
This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, we discuss the Hoelder continuity of Cauchy-type integral operator T of isotonic functions and the relationship between ｜｜T[f] ｜｜α and ｜｜f｜｜α. In the seco...This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, we discuss the Hoelder continuity of Cauchy-type integral operator T of isotonic functions and the relationship between ｜｜T[f] ｜｜α and ｜｜f｜｜α. In the second part, firstly, we introduce a modified Cauchy-type integral operator T＇ and demonstrate that the operator T＇ has a unique fixed point by the Contraction Mapping Principle. Then we give the Mann iterative sequence and prove that the Mann iterative sequence strongly converges to the fixed point of the modified Cauchy-type integral operator T＇.展开更多
Background: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common conditions among athletes. Although there are various causes for this condition, reduced balance is the problem most frequently expressed by th...Background: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common conditions among athletes. Although there are various causes for this condition, reduced balance is the problem most frequently expressed by these patients. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Extensor Muscle Sling Isometric and Isotonic (EMSII) exercises of lower limbs on female basketball players suffering from PFPS. Method: A total of 30 participants, all female basketball players suffering from PFPS, with an average age of 20 - 30 years, were divided into two isometric/isotonic and control experimental groups. Eight weeks of isometric and isotonic exercises were recommended to the participants with a focus on EMSII exercises of lower limbs in two four-week phases. The control group received no specific exercise program. Pre-test and post-test included the use of Stork balance test (SBT) and Y Balance tests (YBT) to assess the static and dynamic balance, respectively. Results: After eight weeks of performing separate isometric and isotonic exercises on the mentioned muscles, and according to the results of the pre-test, a significant increase was observed in the results of both static and dynamic balance tests (P Conclusion: EMSII exercises of lower limbs showed a significant effect on the increased balance. Recommended exercises can be suggested according to the type of exercises as a factor for increasing static and dynamic balance.展开更多
The topological study of connectedness is heavily geometric or visual. Connectedness and connectedness-like properties play an important role in most topological characterization theorems, as well as in the study of o...The topological study of connectedness is heavily geometric or visual. Connectedness and connectedness-like properties play an important role in most topological characterization theorems, as well as in the study of obstructions to the extension of functions. In this paper, the behaviour of these properties in the realm of closure spaces is investigated using the class of perfect mappings. A perfect mapping is a type of map under which the image generally inherits the properties of the mapped space. It turns out that the general behaviour of connectedness properties in topological spaces extends to the class of isotone space.展开更多
For two normal populations with unknown means μ and unknown variances σ2, assume that there are simple order restrictions among the means and variances: μ1 < μ2 and σ12 >σ22 > 0. This case is said to be...For two normal populations with unknown means μ and unknown variances σ2, assume that there are simple order restrictions among the means and variances: μ1 < μ2 and σ12 >σ22 > 0. This case is said to be simultaneous order restriction by Shi (Maximum likelihood estimation of means and variances from normal populations under simultaneous order restrictions, J. Multivariate Anal., 50(1994), 282-293.) and an iterative algorithm of computing the order restricted maximum likelihood estimates of μi and σi2 was given in that paper. This paper shows that the restricted maximum likelihood estimate of μi has smaller mean square loss than the usual estimate xi under some conditions.展开更多
Background The incidence of contrast induced nephropathy （CIN） is increasing while patients are more and more frequently undertaking coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. CIN correlate...Background The incidence of contrast induced nephropathy （CIN） is increasing while patients are more and more frequently undertaking coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. CIN correlates with the later cardiovascular events, the rising mortality risks and the increasing one-year target vessel revascularization. At present, few articles reported on whether the incidence of CIN induced by isotonic and hypotonic contrast agent after PCI is different or not. Objectives To investigate the different effect of isotonic and hypotonic contrast agent in inducing CIN in patients with coronary artery disease after PCI. Methods We enrolled 355 patients with coronary artery disease who undertook PCI from January 2007 to December 2008 as subjects. Renal functions of all 355 patients were normal. Patients were randomly divided into isotonic group and hypotonic group. Concentrations of serum creatinine （SCr） were measured before, 48～72 hours and 7 days （if needed） after PCI. The glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） was calculated according to MDRD formula. The incidence of CIN was defined as the concentration of SCr ≥0.5 mg/dL（44.2 μmol/L）. Hemodialysis rates and mortality were recorded in the hospital. Results There was no significant difference in the basline eGFR （79.52±5.28 vs 81.03±6.09, P0.05）, dosages of contrast agent （125.68±15.88 mL vs 123.51±16.38 mL, P0.05）, eGFR of 48-72 hours after PCI （70.26±9.48 vs 69.06±9.59, P0.05） and incidences of CIN （5.56% vs 5.78%, P0.05） between the two groups. eGFR and concentrations of SCr 7 days after PCI showed no significant difference between the two groups （P0.05）. No patient was dead or needed hemodialysis in hospital. Conclusions The effect of isotonic and hypotonic contrast agent in inducing CIN in patients with coronary artery disease after PCI has no difference.展开更多
This paper considers the estimation of a semiparametric isotonic regression model when the covariates are measured with additive errors and the response is randomly right censored by a censoring time.The authors show ...This paper considers the estimation of a semiparametric isotonic regression model when the covariates are measured with additive errors and the response is randomly right censored by a censoring time.The authors show that the proposed estimator of the regression parameter is rootn consistent and asymptotically normal.The authors also show that the isotonic estimator of the functional component,at a fixed point,is cubic root-n consistent and converges in distribution to the slope at zero of the greatest convex minorant of the sum of a two-sided standard Brownian motion and the square of the time parameter.A simulation study is carried out to investigate the performance of the estimators proposed in this article.展开更多
Background:Corneal collagen crosslinking(CXL)is a widely used treatment for halting the progression of keratoconus.Although initial studies of CXL were performed with a riboflavin solution containing dextran,recent pr...Background:Corneal collagen crosslinking(CXL)is a widely used treatment for halting the progression of keratoconus.Although initial studies of CXL were performed with a riboflavin solution containing dextran,recent protocols for CXL have indicated the use of a riboflavin solution containing isotonic hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC).This study was performed to investigate differences in visual outcomes and Scheimpflug(Pentacam)analysis in patients who have undergone epithelium-off CXL with riboflavin solution containing either 20%dextran versus 1.1%HPMC.Methods:All patients in this non-randomized,non-masked,retrospective cohort analysis were treated at Edward S.Harkness Eye Institute,Columbia University Medical Center,New York,NY,USA.Thirty-seven eyes of 33 patients were crosslinked with a dextran solution and 19 eyes of 19 patients crosslinked with an isotonic HPMC solution,both using an epithelium-off 30-min,3 mW/cm2 protocol.All patients had a diagnosis of keratoconus or postrefractive surgery ectasia.Best spectacle corrected visual acuity(BSCVA)and Pentacam parameters were compared at all follow up visits(1,6,12,and 24 months).Differences between groups treated with HPMC and dextran were compared using student’s t-test.Differences between treated eye and fellow eye were calculated and compared between HPMC and dextran groups using paired t-test.Results:Patients treated with a dextran solution had significantly greater improvement in BSCVA at 1,6,and 24 months(p<0.05)compared to the isotonic HPMC-treated group.Kmax increased in both groups at 1 month;however,HPMC-treated patients had a greater increase compared to dextran-treated patients(p=0.01).Kmax decreased in both groups at 6 and 12 months,although this finding was only significant in the HPMC-treated group at 12 months.Conclusions:Our data suggest that crosslinking with the dextran solution may result in significantly better visual outcomes(demonstrated by visual acuity)compared to the isotonic HPMC riboflavin solution.Dextran solutions may have other potential advantages intrinsic to its biochemical properties facilitating more efficient crosslinking.Further research and long-term evidence regarding the use of dextran versus HPMC riboflavin solutions in collagen crosslinking is necessary.展开更多
In this paper,we establish common fixed point theorems for expansive map?pings on b-metric-like space and coincidence point for f-weakly isotone increasing mappings in partially ordered b-metric-like space.The main re...In this paper,we establish common fixed point theorems for expansive map?pings on b-metric-like space and coincidence point for f-weakly isotone increasing mappings in partially ordered b-metric-like space.The main results generalize and extend several well-known comparable results from the existing literature.Moreover,some examples are provided to illustrate the main results.展开更多
The characteristics of the lowest mixed-symmetry states 2＋msand 1＋ms for132Xe,134 Ba and136Ce in the even-even N = 78 isotones are investigated within the framework of the IBM2 model. The lowest mixed-symmetry stat...The characteristics of the lowest mixed-symmetry states 2＋msand 1＋ms for132Xe,134 Ba and136Ce in the even-even N = 78 isotones are investigated within the framework of the IBM2 model. The lowest mixed-symmetry state 2＋mslevels for both a single isolated state in132 Xe and136Ce and a fragmented state in134 Ba are reproduced by the predictions. The agreement between the IBM2 calculation and the experimental values is good for the B（E2）and B（M1） transition probabilities both quantitatively and qualitatively. The predicted summed B（M1） strength follows the experimental data, remaining nearly constant as a function of proton number along the chain of the N =78isotones.展开更多
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.Y2100430)the Zhejiang Provincial Education and Research Foundation of China (No. Y201019154)
文摘To compare the early effects of hypertonic and isotonic saline resuscitation on heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） expression in organs of rats with hemorrhagic shock. Rats were randomly divided into hypertonic saline resuscitation （HTS）, normal saline resuscitation （NS） and sham groups. HO-1 mRNA, protein expression and apoptosis were evaluated in organs. In the HTS group, significant difference was noted in HO-1 protein in small intestinal mucosa and liver compared with the NS and sham groups, and in HO-1 mRNA in liver and kidney compared with the sham group. The apoptosis of small intestinal mucosa, liver, heart, and lung was significantly lower in the HTS group than that in the NS group. In this study, small volume resuscitation with HTS can efficiently up-regulate the expression level of HO-1 in small intestinal mucosa and liver, which may be one of the mechanisms alleviating organ damage.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10905017Program for Science & Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(13HASTIT046)the Young Teacher Project in Henan Normal University
文摘The isoscaling and the isobaric yield ratio difference(IBD) probes, both of which are constructed by yield ratio of fragment, provide cancelation of parameters. The information entropy theory is introduced to explain the physical meaning of the isoscaling and IBD probes. The similarity between the isoscaling and IBD results is found, i.e.,the information uncertainty determined by the IBD method equals to β- α determined by the isoscaling(α(β) is the parameter fitted from the isotopic(isotonic) yield ratio).
文摘Purpose:</span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Prospective study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of isotonic seawater solution on metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) levels in the tears of patients with dry eye disease (DED). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A total of 50 patients were included, with the following dry eye criteria in both eyes: InflammaDry</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">?</span></sup><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> test initially positive, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score ≥ 12 and <33, tear film breakup time (TBUT) ≤ 10 seconds, Shirmer I test result ≤ 10 mm/5 minutes, corneal staining ≥ 1. Additionally, all the patients selected corresponded to a dry eye type 2 - 3 severity degree - mild and moderate - Dry Eye Workshop Study (DEWS) classification. The InflammaDry test is used to measure levels of MMP9 at the beginning and the end of the study. All patients were treated exclusively with isotonic seawater solution 5 times a day for 3 weeks. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The InflammaDry test was positive in 100% of the patients (n = 50) and in 100% (n = 100) of the eyes before treatment. In 14 (28%) patients the test became negative in both eyes, and in 15 (30%) it was negative in one of the eyes. In 43% (n = 43) of the positive eyes, MMP-9 became undetectable in the tear fluid following treatment with isotonic seawater. This change was statistically significant (p < 0.001). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The washes with ophthalmic isotonic seawater solution have a significant impact on inflammation of the ocular surface in dry eye disease, with an ability to make MMP-9 levels negative in 43% of cases.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.1077104911171349)the Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.A2010000346)
文摘This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, we discuss the Hoelder continuity of Cauchy-type integral operator T of isotonic functions and the relationship between ｜｜T[f] ｜｜α and ｜｜f｜｜α. In the second part, firstly, we introduce a modified Cauchy-type integral operator T＇ and demonstrate that the operator T＇ has a unique fixed point by the Contraction Mapping Principle. Then we give the Mann iterative sequence and prove that the Mann iterative sequence strongly converges to the fixed point of the modified Cauchy-type integral operator T＇.
文摘Background: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common conditions among athletes. Although there are various causes for this condition, reduced balance is the problem most frequently expressed by these patients. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Extensor Muscle Sling Isometric and Isotonic (EMSII) exercises of lower limbs on female basketball players suffering from PFPS. Method: A total of 30 participants, all female basketball players suffering from PFPS, with an average age of 20 - 30 years, were divided into two isometric/isotonic and control experimental groups. Eight weeks of isometric and isotonic exercises were recommended to the participants with a focus on EMSII exercises of lower limbs in two four-week phases. The control group received no specific exercise program. Pre-test and post-test included the use of Stork balance test (SBT) and Y Balance tests (YBT) to assess the static and dynamic balance, respectively. Results: After eight weeks of performing separate isometric and isotonic exercises on the mentioned muscles, and according to the results of the pre-test, a significant increase was observed in the results of both static and dynamic balance tests (P Conclusion: EMSII exercises of lower limbs showed a significant effect on the increased balance. Recommended exercises can be suggested according to the type of exercises as a factor for increasing static and dynamic balance.
文摘The topological study of connectedness is heavily geometric or visual. Connectedness and connectedness-like properties play an important role in most topological characterization theorems, as well as in the study of obstructions to the extension of functions. In this paper, the behaviour of these properties in the realm of closure spaces is investigated using the class of perfect mappings. A perfect mapping is a type of map under which the image generally inherits the properties of the mapped space. It turns out that the general behaviour of connectedness properties in topological spaces extends to the class of isotone space.
文摘For two normal populations with unknown means μ and unknown variances σ2, assume that there are simple order restrictions among the means and variances: μ1 < μ2 and σ12 >σ22 > 0. This case is said to be simultaneous order restriction by Shi (Maximum likelihood estimation of means and variances from normal populations under simultaneous order restrictions, J. Multivariate Anal., 50(1994), 282-293.) and an iterative algorithm of computing the order restricted maximum likelihood estimates of μi and σi2 was given in that paper. This paper shows that the restricted maximum likelihood estimate of μi has smaller mean square loss than the usual estimate xi under some conditions.
文摘Background The incidence of contrast induced nephropathy （CIN） is increasing while patients are more and more frequently undertaking coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. CIN correlates with the later cardiovascular events, the rising mortality risks and the increasing one-year target vessel revascularization. At present, few articles reported on whether the incidence of CIN induced by isotonic and hypotonic contrast agent after PCI is different or not. Objectives To investigate the different effect of isotonic and hypotonic contrast agent in inducing CIN in patients with coronary artery disease after PCI. Methods We enrolled 355 patients with coronary artery disease who undertook PCI from January 2007 to December 2008 as subjects. Renal functions of all 355 patients were normal. Patients were randomly divided into isotonic group and hypotonic group. Concentrations of serum creatinine （SCr） were measured before, 48～72 hours and 7 days （if needed） after PCI. The glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） was calculated according to MDRD formula. The incidence of CIN was defined as the concentration of SCr ≥0.5 mg/dL（44.2 μmol/L）. Hemodialysis rates and mortality were recorded in the hospital. Results There was no significant difference in the basline eGFR （79.52±5.28 vs 81.03±6.09, P0.05）, dosages of contrast agent （125.68±15.88 mL vs 123.51±16.38 mL, P0.05）, eGFR of 48-72 hours after PCI （70.26±9.48 vs 69.06±9.59, P0.05） and incidences of CIN （5.56% vs 5.78%, P0.05） between the two groups. eGFR and concentrations of SCr 7 days after PCI showed no significant difference between the two groups （P0.05）. No patient was dead or needed hemodialysis in hospital. Conclusions The effect of isotonic and hypotonic contrast agent in inducing CIN in patients with coronary artery disease after PCI has no difference.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10971007Foundation of Academic Discipline Program at Central University of Finance and Economics+2 种基金Funding Project of Science and Technology Research Plan of Beijing Education Committee under Grant No.00600054K1002Fund of 211 Project at Central University of Finance and Economics2012 National Project of Statistical Research
文摘This paper considers the estimation of a semiparametric isotonic regression model when the covariates are measured with additive errors and the response is randomly right censored by a censoring time.The authors show that the proposed estimator of the regression parameter is rootn consistent and asymptotically normal.The authors also show that the isotonic estimator of the functional component,at a fixed point,is cubic root-n consistent and converges in distribution to the slope at zero of the greatest convex minorant of the sum of a two-sided standard Brownian motion and the square of the time parameter.A simulation study is carried out to investigate the performance of the estimators proposed in this article.
基金study was provided by the Columbia University Department of Ophthalmology。
文摘Background:Corneal collagen crosslinking(CXL)is a widely used treatment for halting the progression of keratoconus.Although initial studies of CXL were performed with a riboflavin solution containing dextran,recent protocols for CXL have indicated the use of a riboflavin solution containing isotonic hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC).This study was performed to investigate differences in visual outcomes and Scheimpflug(Pentacam)analysis in patients who have undergone epithelium-off CXL with riboflavin solution containing either 20%dextran versus 1.1%HPMC.Methods:All patients in this non-randomized,non-masked,retrospective cohort analysis were treated at Edward S.Harkness Eye Institute,Columbia University Medical Center,New York,NY,USA.Thirty-seven eyes of 33 patients were crosslinked with a dextran solution and 19 eyes of 19 patients crosslinked with an isotonic HPMC solution,both using an epithelium-off 30-min,3 mW/cm2 protocol.All patients had a diagnosis of keratoconus or postrefractive surgery ectasia.Best spectacle corrected visual acuity(BSCVA)and Pentacam parameters were compared at all follow up visits(1,6,12,and 24 months).Differences between groups treated with HPMC and dextran were compared using student’s t-test.Differences between treated eye and fellow eye were calculated and compared between HPMC and dextran groups using paired t-test.Results:Patients treated with a dextran solution had significantly greater improvement in BSCVA at 1,6,and 24 months(p<0.05)compared to the isotonic HPMC-treated group.Kmax increased in both groups at 1 month;however,HPMC-treated patients had a greater increase compared to dextran-treated patients(p=0.01).Kmax decreased in both groups at 6 and 12 months,although this finding was only significant in the HPMC-treated group at 12 months.Conclusions:Our data suggest that crosslinking with the dextran solution may result in significantly better visual outcomes(demonstrated by visual acuity)compared to the isotonic HPMC riboflavin solution.Dextran solutions may have other potential advantages intrinsic to its biochemical properties facilitating more efficient crosslinking.Further research and long-term evidence regarding the use of dextran versus HPMC riboflavin solutions in collagen crosslinking is necessary.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12001249)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20232BAB211004)the Educational Commission Science Programm of Jiangxi Province(GJJ2200523)。
文摘In this paper,we establish common fixed point theorems for expansive map?pings on b-metric-like space and coincidence point for f-weakly isotone increasing mappings in partially ordered b-metric-like space.The main results generalize and extend several well-known comparable results from the existing literature.Moreover,some examples are provided to illustrate the main results.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11475062)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(KY6100135)
文摘The characteristics of the lowest mixed-symmetry states 2＋msand 1＋ms for132Xe,134 Ba and136Ce in the even-even N = 78 isotones are investigated within the framework of the IBM2 model. The lowest mixed-symmetry state 2＋mslevels for both a single isolated state in132 Xe and136Ce and a fragmented state in134 Ba are reproduced by the predictions. The agreement between the IBM2 calculation and the experimental values is good for the B（E2）and B（M1） transition probabilities both quantitatively and qualitatively. The predicted summed B（M1） strength follows the experimental data, remaining nearly constant as a function of proton number along the chain of the N =78isotones.
