Upgrading of abundant cellulosic biomass to isosorbide can reduce the dependence on limited fossil resources and provide a sustainable way to produce isosorbide,utilized for polymers,medicine and health care product s...Upgrading of abundant cellulosic biomass to isosorbide can reduce the dependence on limited fossil resources and provide a sustainable way to produce isosorbide,utilized for polymers,medicine and health care product synth-esis.This review comprehensively examines the key steps and catalytic systems involved in the conversion of cel-lulose to isosorbide.Initially,the reaction pathway from cellulose to isosorbide is elucidated,emphasizing three critical steps:cellulose hydrolysis,glucose hydrogenation,and the two-step dehydration of sorbitol to produce isosorbide.Additionally,the activation energy and acidic sites during cellulose hydrolysis,the impact of metal particle size and catalyst support on hydrogenation,and the effects of catalyst acidity,pore structure,and reaction conditions on sorbitol dehydration have been thoroughly examined.Finally,the progress made in cellulose con-version to isosorbide is summarized,current challenges are highlighted,and future development trends are pro-jected in this review.展开更多
High molecular weight poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-isosorbide 2,5-furandicarboxylate)copolyesters(PBSIF-x)were synthesized via melt-polycondensation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA),with varying rati...High molecular weight poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-isosorbide 2,5-furandicarboxylate)copolyesters(PBSIF-x)were synthesized via melt-polycondensation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA),with varying ratios of isosorbide(ISB)and 1,4-butylene glycol(BDO)catalyzed by antimony trioxide(Sb_(2)O_(3)).The PBSIF-x structures were investigated using FTIR and~1H NMR,while the GPC analysis exhibited the copolyesters molecular weights with number average molecular mass(M_n)in the range of 11079-15153 g/mol.The DSC results show that PBSIF-x copolyesters have a single glass-transition temperature(T_(g))(77.45-110.96℃),increasing with the increase in ISB content,while TGA analysis demonstrates excellent thermal stability up to 320℃.From the thermal result,properties of PBSIF-x copolyesters are found to be within the interval of their parent homologues poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PBF)and poly(isosorbide 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PIF),which confirms the aromatic/aliphatic blending within the polymer matrix for enhanced polymer stability and performance.展开更多
Different dosage forms can significantly impact pharmacokinetics in vivo,leading to varied effects and potential adverse reactions.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of isosorbide ...Different dosage forms can significantly impact pharmacokinetics in vivo,leading to varied effects and potential adverse reactions.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules(IMSRC)combined with conventional treatments,compared to isosorbide mononitrate tablets(IMT)combined with conventional treatments,for managing angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart diseases.A network meta-analysis(NMA)was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of IMSRC and IMT.Relevant literature was sourced from databases,including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP,covering publications up to July 2023.The cost-effectiveness analysis(CEA)was performed from the perspective of China’s healthcare system,utilizing inputs derived from the NMA.The analysis included 15 studies.The NMA results revealed no significant difference in efficacy and safety between IMSRC plus conventional treatments and IMT plus conventional treatments.However,both combinations were more effective than conventional treatments without isosorbide mononitrate.No differences in safety were observed among the three groups.The surface under the cumulative ranking(SUCRA)of the NMA indicated that IMT had a slight edge over IMSRC in the total effective rate of angina pectoris,whereas IMSRC showed higher probabilities for markedly effective rate and ECG effective rate compared to IMT.The incidence of adverse events was ranked as IMT>conventional preparation>IMSRC.The CEA results highlighted that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs)for the markedly effective and total effective rates of angina pectoris were-133.41 and-260.20,respectively.The ICERs for ECG effective rates were-83.34 and-234.24,respectively.In conclusion,while IMSRC combined with conventional treatments and IMT combined with conventional treatments were similar in efficacy and safety,IMSRC proved to be more economical.展开更多
Isosorbide is a novel bio-based material derived as a secondary dehydration product of sorbitol.This work focuses on the kinetics of sulfuric acid-catalyzed dehydration of sorbitol under conditions of nonconstant volu...Isosorbide is a novel bio-based material derived as a secondary dehydration product of sorbitol.This work focuses on the kinetics of sulfuric acid-catalyzed dehydration of sorbitol under conditions of nonconstant volume.Herein,the effects of stirring rate,catalyst dosage,reaction temperature,and reaction time on the dehydration reaction of sorbitol were investigated.The yield of isosorbide up to 77.13%was obtained after 1.5 h of reaction time under conditions of 2 kPa,1.0%(mass)catalyst dosage,and 413.15 K.Based on the sorbitol dehydration reaction mechanism and a simplified reaction network,a kinetic model was developed in this work.A good agreement was accomplished between kinetic modeling and experiments between 393.15 and 423.15 K.The fitting results indicate that side reactions with higher activation energies are more affected by reaction temperatures,and the main side reaction that influences the selectivity of isosorbide is the oligomerization reaction among the primary dehydration products of sorbitol.The model fitting of the catalyst amounts effect shows that the effective concentration of sulfuric acid would be reduced with the increase of dosage due to the molecular agglomeration effect.Hopefully,the kinetic experiments and modeling results obtained in this work will be helpful to the design and optimization of the industrial sorbitol dehydration process.展开更多
The objective of the present study is to examine cardiovascular protective action of a newly developed transdermal patch by incorporating bisoprolol and isosorbide dinitrate in spontaneously hypertensive rats. As the ...The objective of the present study is to examine cardiovascular protective action of a newly developed transdermal patch by incorporating bisoprolol and isosorbide dinitrate in spontaneously hypertensive rats. As the combination therapy with these two synergistic drugs at low doses through a suitable form of administration could provide optimal therapeutic benefit, we further evaluated the effects of a 42 d period of anti-hypertensive treatment in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Rats were divided into the following five groups： control （blank patch）, bisoprolol fumarate tablets （BP-FT, 20.0 mg/kg, i.g.）, bisoprolol transdermal patch （BP-TP, 20.0 mg/kg）, isosorbide dinitrate transdermal patch （ISDN-TP, 20.0 mg/kg）, and the combination of BP and ISDN in a transdermal patch at low doses （8 and 12 mg/kg, respectively）. The effects of treatment were evaluated via biochemical indicators related to cardiovascular protection, structure and function. The combination therapy had synergistic anti-hypertensive effects and significantly reduced blood pressure with the benefit of controlling blood pressure variability compared to BP-FT and BP-TP. The combined treatment also reduced heart rate as well as BP-FT and BP-TP, while ISDN-TP had no evident effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiovascular protection. Combination therapy was superior to BP-TP and BP-FT at increasing blood atrial natriuretic peptide and nitric oxide, while also reducing cardiac hydroxyproline and endothelin-1 with no difference in blood endothelin-1 and cardiac malondialdehyde levels. Cardiovascular remodeling differed among the groups, with the combination therapy reducing cardiac hypertrophy and the aortic media/lumen ratio. The consequential improvements in relaxation in response to cumulative concentrations of acetylcholine may explain the associated improvement in endothelial function. Combi- nation treatment with a transdermal patch exhibited a synergistic therapeutic effect. Such favorable cardiovascular effects with nitric oxide donors and β-blockade combination through a transdermal patch may provide long-term cardiovascular protection during anti-hypertensive treatment.展开更多
A series of quaternary ammonium ionic liquids(ILs)were synthesized and employed as catalysts for the production of poly(isosorbide carbonate)(PIC)from diphenyl carbonate and isosorbide via a melt polycondensation proc...A series of quaternary ammonium ionic liquids(ILs)were synthesized and employed as catalysts for the production of poly(isosorbide carbonate)(PIC)from diphenyl carbonate and isosorbide via a melt polycondensation process.The relationship between the anions of the ILs and the catalytic activities was investigated,and the readily‐prepared IL tetraethylammonium imidazolate(TEAI)was found to exhibit the highest catalytic activity.After optimizing the reaction conditions,a PIC with a weight‐average molecular weight(Mw)of25600g/mol was obtained,in conjunction with an isosorbide conversion of92%.As a means of modifying the molecular flexibility and thermal properties of the PIC,poly(aliphatic diol‐co‐isosorbide carbonate)s(PAIC)s were successfully synthesized,again using TEAI,and polymers with Mw values ranging from29000to112000g/mol were obtained.13C NMR analyses determined that the PAIC specimens had random microstructures,while differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that each of the PAICs were amorphous and had glass transition temperatures ranging from50to115°C.Thermogravimetric analyses found Td‐5%values ranging from316to332°C for these polymers.Based on these data,it is evident that the incorporation of linear or cyclohexane‐based diol repeating units changed the thermal properties of the PIC.展开更多
Ca/SBA-15 solid bases with different Ca/Si atomic ratios were prepared by a one-pot route and employed as catalysts for the production of poly（isosorbide carbonate） （PIC） from diphenyl carbonate and isosorbide via...Ca/SBA-15 solid bases with different Ca/Si atomic ratios were prepared by a one-pot route and employed as catalysts for the production of poly（isosorbide carbonate） （PIC） from diphenyl carbonate and isosorbide via a transesterification polymerization process. The relationship between physicochemical properties and catalytic performance for Ca/SBA-15 in this melt process was investigated by means of various characterization techniques. It was found that basic site amount and strength were responsible for this transesterification process; the weak and medium basic sites inclined to promote polycondensation reaction. It was worth noting that strong basic sites could favor the decomposition of the resultant P/C, resulting in the decrease of weight-average molecular weight （Mw） and yield, and the sample with Ca/Si atomic ratio of 0.4 exhibited the best catalytic performance, giving PIC with Mw of 4.88 × 10^4 g/mol and Tg of 169 ℃ at the optimal conditions. This excellent activity can be ascribed to the presence of rich basic sites and specific basic strength on the surface of 0.4Ca/SBA-15.展开更多
Two kinds of difunctionalized isosorbide derivatives containing norbornene groups were designed and synthesized by a facile one-step reaction under mild conditions.~1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the chemical compositi...Two kinds of difunctionalized isosorbide derivatives containing norbornene groups were designed and synthesized by a facile one-step reaction under mild conditions.~1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the chemical composition and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） revealed the distinct curing behaviors between conventional petroleum-based dicyclopentadiene（DCPD） and synthesized renewable isosorbided-based monomer（ISN）. In contrast to DCPD, ISN was low viscous liquid at room temperature and had even higher reactivity to perform ring-opening metathesis polymerization（ROMP） in the presence of Grubbs＇ catalyst. Due to the presence of flexible and elastic Si–C long chains, the cured poly（ISN） thermosets not only had good mechanical properties but also exhibited much higher storage modulus at the rubbery state in comparison with traditional poly（DCPD）.展开更多
Isosorbide is a multi-purpose chemical that can be produced from renewable resources.Specifically,it has been investigated as a replacement for toxic bisphenol A(BPA)in the production of polycarbonate(PC).In this stud...Isosorbide is a multi-purpose chemical that can be produced from renewable resources.Specifically,it has been investigated as a replacement for toxic bisphenol A(BPA)in the production of polycarbonate(PC).In this study,the synthesis of isosorbide by sorbitol dehydration using a cerium-based catalyst derived from calcined cerium(IV)sulfate(300°C,400°C,450°C,500°C,and 650°C)was investigated.The reaction occurred in a high-pressure reactor containing nitrogen gas.Advanced instrumental techniques were applied to analyze the characteristics of the calcined catalyst.The results showed that the calcined catalysts demonstrated different crystalline structures and sulfate species at different temperatures.However,the acidic properties(strength and amount)of the catalyst did not change with the calcination temperature.The cerium(IV)sulfate calcined at 400°C exhibited the best catalytic performance,achieving the highest isosorbide yield(55.7%)and complete conversion of sorbitol at 180°C,20 bar of N2,and 6 h using CeSO-400.The presence of a sulfate group on the catalyst was the most important factor in determining the catalytic performance of sorbitol dehydration to isosorbide.This work suggests that CeSO-400 catalysts may play an important role in reducing reaction conditions.展开更多
A new approach for asymmetric syntheses of （S） and （R）-3-n-butylphthalide （NBP） is presented. The diastereoselective addition of dibutylzinic to aromatic aldehyde 10 or 11 generated from isomannide- or isosorbid...A new approach for asymmetric syntheses of （S） and （R）-3-n-butylphthalide （NBP） is presented. The diastereoselective addition of dibutylzinic to aromatic aldehyde 10 or 11 generated from isomannide- or isosorbide-derived chiral auxiliary afforded S-NBP or R-NBP in high optical yields.展开更多
Fabrication of flame retardants from renewable biomass has aroused extensive interest over the past decade.This work reported a synthesis of isosorbide-derived polyphosphonate(PICPP)as an anti-flammable agent for poly...Fabrication of flame retardants from renewable biomass has aroused extensive interest over the past decade.This work reported a synthesis of isosorbide-derived polyphosphonate(PICPP)as an anti-flammable agent for poly(lactic acid)(PLA).The presence of PICPP notably declined the storage modulus of PLA/PICPP owing to the declined molecular weight of PLA catalyzed by the presence of PICPP.PLA and PLA/PICPP thermally degraded in one stage under either air or nitrogen atmosphere.With increasing the amount of PICPP,the onset thermal decomposition temperature of PLA/PICPP was decreased gradually,owing to the earlier decomposition of PICPP.With only 10 wt%of PICPP,PLA/PICPP-10 achieved a high limiting oxygen index of 30.0%and UL-94 V-0 classification,manifesting that PICPP was an efficient anti-flammable agent for PLA.The inclusion of 15 wt%PICPP also caused 33%and 16%decline in PHRR and THR of PLA,respectively.TG-IR results clarified that PLA/PICPP produced the less typical pyrolysis products especially flammable carbonyls than PLA,which may account for the suppressed PHRR and THR values of PLA/PICPP.展开更多
Objectives To evaluate the anti- ischemic effect of ISDN on the patients with coronary heart disease . The change in the size of the defect area as percentage of the entire myocardium as determined by the unfolded sur...Objectives To evaluate the anti- ischemic effect of ISDN on the patients with coronary heart disease . The change in the size of the defect area as percentage of the entire myocardium as determined by the unfolded surface mapping between the baseline and after ISDN infusion reflects the anti-ischemic effect of ISDN. Methods and Results 99m Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion SPECT images were acquired, and reconstruction of the bull's eye map and unfolded surface mapping were performed according to the dates of tomography images. In the group (99mTc-MIBI was injected at 30 minutes after the start of ISDN iv drip) : at the 65% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was 33.01 ± 5.35% at baseline, (28.9 ±5.23)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.05); at the 55% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (22.06±5.58)% at baseline, (19.60±4.07)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.05); the sum of defect blood ST segments is 60 at baseline, 51 after ISDN was infused. In the group (99mTc-MIBI was injected at 60 minutes after the start of ISDN iv drip): at the 65% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (29.20±5.08)% at baseline, (20.81±4.16)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.001); at the 55% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (21.2 ± 5.49)% at baseline, (17.52±5.59)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.001); the sum of defect blood ST segments is 58 at baseline, 47 after ISDN was infused. In the group (99mTc-MIBI was injected at 150 minutes after the start of ISDN iv drip) : at the 65% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (32.87 ±6.46)% at baseline, (20.81±4.16)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.001); at the 55% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (18.42± 5.17)% at baseline, (14.18±3.61)% after ISDN was infused (P< 0.001); the sum of defect blood ST segments was 64 at baseline, 41 after ISDN was infused. Conclusions The unfolded surface mapping of 99mTc- MIBI myocardial perfusion image can be used as a method of quantitatively evaluating the anti-ischemic effect of drugs and ISDN iv drip can improve the blood flow in myocardium (myocardium perfusion).展开更多
The studies on the asymmetric alkylation of ester employing D-Isomannide and D-isosorbide as chiral auxiliaries were described. The diastereomeric excess of this reaction was up to 90%.
Introduction Efective labour induction is marked by the onset of uterine contractions,progressive cervical dilation,and efacement,culminating in a vaginal birth without matemal or fetal complications.The success of in...Introduction Efective labour induction is marked by the onset of uterine contractions,progressive cervical dilation,and efacement,culminating in a vaginal birth without matemal or fetal complications.The success of induction largely depends on cenvical ripening.Isosorbide mononitrate(ISMN),a nitric axide donor,has shown potential for cervical ripening.faciitating labour induction by promoting cervical softening,efacement and dilation.This study evaluates the eficacy and safety of ISMN for cervical ripening before labour induction at term or post-term.Methods In this double-binded randomised controlled trial,160 primigravidas with an unripe cenix(Bishop score<6)undergoing labour induction at term or post-term were enolled.The ISMN group received 40mg of intravaginal ISMN in the posterior formix every 4hours,up to four doses.The placebo group received intravaginal pridoxine placebos on the same schedule.The primary outcome measured was the duration from labour induction to placental dllvery.Secondary outcomes included caesarean section rates.Results The ISMN group had a ststically significant shorter induction-to-delivery time compared with the placebo group(20.5714.64hours VS 23.15+5.13hours,p=0.01).Addionally,the time from the first dose to dellvery was reduced in the ISMN group.The caesarean section rate was lower in the ISMN group(29%VS 41%,p=0.17),though this dfferenrce was not stitially significant.Conclusion ISMN is an efctive and safe option for cerical ripening,poentally shortening the labour duration.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills(CDDP) combined with isosorbide mononitrate(ISMN) versus ISMN alone for treating angina pectoris in patients.Methods: The Pub Med, Web of Science, ...Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills(CDDP) combined with isosorbide mononitrate(ISMN) versus ISMN alone for treating angina pectoris in patients.Methods: The Pub Med, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Literature Service System, Chinese Medical Journal Database, and Wan Fang MED databases were searched from inception to November 2022. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and cohort studies were included. The primary outcomes were angina symptom and electrocardiography(ECG) efficacy, angina symptom efficacy, and ECG efficacy. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO No. CRD42022314774.Results: Our study included 7 245 patients with angina(59 RCTs, 11 cohort studies). When ISMN was combined with CDDP, the efficacy of angina symptom and ECG [odds ratio(OR) = 4.824, 95% confidence interval(CI) = 3.636–6.401, P = 0.000], the efficacy of angina symptom(OR = 4.347, 95% CI = 3.635–5.198,P = 0.000), the efficacy of ECG(OR = 3.364, 95% CI = 2.767–4.089, P = 0.000) were better than that of patients treated with ISMN alone. CDDP combined with ISMN was superior to ISMN alone in reducing triglyceride(TG) [mean difference(MD) =-35.176, 95% CI =-37.439 to-32.912, P = 0.000], total cholesterol(TC)(MD =-24.296, 95% CI =-26.429 to-22.163, P = 0.000), the duration of angina attack(MD =-1.991, 95% CI =-2.349 to-1.633, P = 0.000), and the frequency of angina attack [standardized MD(SMD) =-2.840, 95% CI =-3.416 to-2.265, P = 0.000]. There was no increase in adverse events between CDDP combined with ISMN and ISMN alone(OR = 0.513, 95% CI = 0.421–0.626, P = 0.000).Conclusion: CDDP combined with ISMN improved treatment efficacy and was well tolerated. Therefore,this combination could be used as an alternative treatment. However, clinical and patient conditions should be considered.展开更多
The asymmetric reductive coupling reaction of various acrylates derived from D-isosorbide and D-isomannide with acetophenone mediated by samarium diiodide to give both enantiomers of the optically active γ-butyrolact...The asymmetric reductive coupling reaction of various acrylates derived from D-isosorbide and D-isomannide with acetophenone mediated by samarium diiodide to give both enantiomers of the optically active γ-butyrolactone was described. The best enantiomeric excess of the products was 60%.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effects of nitroester drugs on human sphincter of Oddi (SO) motility and their antagonistic effects against morphine which shows excitatory effect on Oddi's sphincter motility.METHODS: The eff...AIM: To evaluate the effects of nitroester drugs on human sphincter of Oddi (SO) motility and their antagonistic effects against morphine which shows excitatory effect on Oddi's sphincter motility.METHODS: The effects of these drugs on SO were evaluated by means of choledochofiberoscopy manometry.A total of 67 patients having T-tubes after cholecystectomy and choledochotomy were involved in the study, they were randomly divided into glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) group,isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) group, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PTN) group, morphine associated with GTN group, morphine associated with ISDN group and morphine associated with PTN group. Basal pressure of Oddi's sphincter (BPOS), amplitude of phasic contractions (SOCA), frequency of phasic contractions (SOF), duration of phasic contractions (SOD), duodenal pressure (DP) and common bile duct pressure (CBDP) were scored and analyzed. Morphine was given intramuscularly while nitroester drugs were applied sublingually.RESULTS: BPOS and SOCA decreased significantly after administration of ISDN and GTN, BPOS reduced from 10.95±7.49 mmHg to 5.92±4.04 mmHg (P＜0.05) evidently after application of PTN. BPOS increased from 7.37±5.58mmHg to 16.60±13.87 mmHg, SOCA increased from 54.09±38.37 mmHg to 100.70±43.51 mmHg, SOF increased from 7.15±3.20 mmHg to 10.38±2.93 mmHg and CBDP increased 3.75±1.95 mmHg to 10.49±8.21 mmHg (P＜0.01)evidently after injection of morphine. After associated application of ISDN and GTN, the four indications above decreased obviously. As for application associated with PTN,SOCA and SOF decreased separately from 100.64±44.99mmHg to 66.17±35.88 mmHg and from 10.70±2.76 mmHg to 9.04±1.71 mmHg (P＜0.05) markedly.CONCLUSION: The regular dose of GTN, ISDN and PTN showed inhibitory effect on SO motility, morphine showed excitatory effect on SO while GTN, ISDN and PTN could antagonize the effect of morphine. Among the three nitroester drugs, the effect of ISDN on SO was most significant.展开更多
<strong>Objective</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong> To compare the effective...<strong>Objective</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong> To compare the effectiveness, safety and client acceptability of concurrent application of transcervical Foley catheter with vaginal ISMN-sustained release (SR) 60 mg tablet versus transcervical Foley catheter alone for pre-induction cervical ripening in women who are undergoing Vaginal birth after C-section (VBAC). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A prospective single blind randomized control study w</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as carried out including 110 pregnant women who had unfavorable cervix (MBS less than 6) at 40 weeks and 3 days of gestation. The two groups received either the trans-cervical foley catheter with a vaginal ISMN 60 mg sustained release (SR) tablet on 40 weeks and 3 days (Treatment arm 1, n = 57), or trans-cervical Foley alone on 40 weeks and 3 days (Treatment arm 2, n = 53). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: At 40 weeks + 3 days gestation</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the mean age, mean parity and the mean modified Bishop Score (MBS) were comparable among the two treatment groups. Majority (n = 98, 89.1%) remained without spontaneously establishing labour at 24 hours of intervention. The difference in mean MBS at 40 weeks + 4 days (24-hours following the intervention) in the two groups was statistically not significant (P > 0.05). The group who received concurrent ISMN vaginal tablets achieved a higher number of successful VBACs (n = 33, 62.3%) over the group who received the Foley catheter only method (n = 29, 50.9%)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">however, not statistically significant (P > 0.05). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The concurrent use of vaginal ISMN tablets (60</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg SR) with a transcervical Foley catheter failed to show higher effectiveness compared to a transcervical Foley catheter alone as an induction method.</span></span></span>展开更多
AIM: To investigate the tolerance development against the relaxant effect of nitric oxide donating drug isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and sodium nitropruside (SNP) in internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle. METHODS...AIM: To investigate the tolerance development against the relaxant effect of nitric oxide donating drug isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and sodium nitropruside (SNP) in internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle. METHODS: Relaxation responses of ISDN, and electrical fi eld stimulation (EFS) were obtained before and after tolerance induction by ISDN incubation. RESULTS: ISDN (10-7-10-4 mol/L) and SNP (10-8-10-4 mol/L) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation on the basal tonus of the isolated rabbit IAS strips. After a period of 2 h incubation of the 6 x 10-4 mol/L ISDN the relaxation effects of ISDN and SNP did not change compared to control strips. EFS evoked frequency-dependent relaxation in internal anal sphincter smooth muscle and Emax obtained from control strips were not changed in ISDN tolerance-inducing condition. In this study nitrate tolerance was not observed in rabbit IAS smooth muscle. CONCLUSION: This result shows that nitric oxide donating drugs relaxes the internal anal sphincter of the rabbits without the development of tolerance.展开更多
文摘Upgrading of abundant cellulosic biomass to isosorbide can reduce the dependence on limited fossil resources and provide a sustainable way to produce isosorbide,utilized for polymers,medicine and health care product synth-esis.This review comprehensively examines the key steps and catalytic systems involved in the conversion of cel-lulose to isosorbide.Initially,the reaction pathway from cellulose to isosorbide is elucidated,emphasizing three critical steps:cellulose hydrolysis,glucose hydrogenation,and the two-step dehydration of sorbitol to produce isosorbide.Additionally,the activation energy and acidic sites during cellulose hydrolysis,the impact of metal particle size and catalyst support on hydrogenation,and the effects of catalyst acidity,pore structure,and reaction conditions on sorbitol dehydration have been thoroughly examined.Finally,the progress made in cellulose con-version to isosorbide is summarized,current challenges are highlighted,and future development trends are pro-jected in this review.
基金Funded by the Program(BG2021)of High-end Foreign Experts of The State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs(SAFEA)the Young Talent Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education,China(No.Q20201108)。
文摘High molecular weight poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-isosorbide 2,5-furandicarboxylate)copolyesters(PBSIF-x)were synthesized via melt-polycondensation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA),with varying ratios of isosorbide(ISB)and 1,4-butylene glycol(BDO)catalyzed by antimony trioxide(Sb_(2)O_(3)).The PBSIF-x structures were investigated using FTIR and~1H NMR,while the GPC analysis exhibited the copolyesters molecular weights with number average molecular mass(M_n)in the range of 11079-15153 g/mol.The DSC results show that PBSIF-x copolyesters have a single glass-transition temperature(T_(g))(77.45-110.96℃),increasing with the increase in ISB content,while TGA analysis demonstrates excellent thermal stability up to 320℃.From the thermal result,properties of PBSIF-x copolyesters are found to be within the interval of their parent homologues poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PBF)and poly(isosorbide 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PIF),which confirms the aromatic/aliphatic blending within the polymer matrix for enhanced polymer stability and performance.
基金The 2022 Ministry of Education General Project for Humanities and Social Sciences Research(Grant No.22YJAZH147)the General Subject of Guangzhou Philosophy and Social Science Development“14th Five-Year Plan”in 2023(Grant No.2023GZYB68)+2 种基金China University Industry-Academia-Research Innovation Fund-Huatong Guokang Medical Research Special Project(Grant No.2023HT017)2024 Guangdong Province General Project for the Planning of Philosophy and Social Sciences(Grant No.GD24CGL29)the Innovation Team Project of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022WCXTD011).
文摘Different dosage forms can significantly impact pharmacokinetics in vivo,leading to varied effects and potential adverse reactions.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules(IMSRC)combined with conventional treatments,compared to isosorbide mononitrate tablets(IMT)combined with conventional treatments,for managing angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart diseases.A network meta-analysis(NMA)was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of IMSRC and IMT.Relevant literature was sourced from databases,including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP,covering publications up to July 2023.The cost-effectiveness analysis(CEA)was performed from the perspective of China’s healthcare system,utilizing inputs derived from the NMA.The analysis included 15 studies.The NMA results revealed no significant difference in efficacy and safety between IMSRC plus conventional treatments and IMT plus conventional treatments.However,both combinations were more effective than conventional treatments without isosorbide mononitrate.No differences in safety were observed among the three groups.The surface under the cumulative ranking(SUCRA)of the NMA indicated that IMT had a slight edge over IMSRC in the total effective rate of angina pectoris,whereas IMSRC showed higher probabilities for markedly effective rate and ECG effective rate compared to IMT.The incidence of adverse events was ranked as IMT>conventional preparation>IMSRC.The CEA results highlighted that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs)for the markedly effective and total effective rates of angina pectoris were-133.41 and-260.20,respectively.The ICERs for ECG effective rates were-83.34 and-234.24,respectively.In conclusion,while IMSRC combined with conventional treatments and IMT combined with conventional treatments were similar in efficacy and safety,IMSRC proved to be more economical.
文摘Isosorbide is a novel bio-based material derived as a secondary dehydration product of sorbitol.This work focuses on the kinetics of sulfuric acid-catalyzed dehydration of sorbitol under conditions of nonconstant volume.Herein,the effects of stirring rate,catalyst dosage,reaction temperature,and reaction time on the dehydration reaction of sorbitol were investigated.The yield of isosorbide up to 77.13%was obtained after 1.5 h of reaction time under conditions of 2 kPa,1.0%(mass)catalyst dosage,and 413.15 K.Based on the sorbitol dehydration reaction mechanism and a simplified reaction network,a kinetic model was developed in this work.A good agreement was accomplished between kinetic modeling and experiments between 393.15 and 423.15 K.The fitting results indicate that side reactions with higher activation energies are more affected by reaction temperatures,and the main side reaction that influences the selectivity of isosorbide is the oligomerization reaction among the primary dehydration products of sorbitol.The model fitting of the catalyst amounts effect shows that the effective concentration of sulfuric acid would be reduced with the increase of dosage due to the molecular agglomeration effect.Hopefully,the kinetic experiments and modeling results obtained in this work will be helpful to the design and optimization of the industrial sorbitol dehydration process.
基金‘863'High Technology R&D Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2004AA2Z3073).
文摘The objective of the present study is to examine cardiovascular protective action of a newly developed transdermal patch by incorporating bisoprolol and isosorbide dinitrate in spontaneously hypertensive rats. As the combination therapy with these two synergistic drugs at low doses through a suitable form of administration could provide optimal therapeutic benefit, we further evaluated the effects of a 42 d period of anti-hypertensive treatment in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Rats were divided into the following five groups： control （blank patch）, bisoprolol fumarate tablets （BP-FT, 20.0 mg/kg, i.g.）, bisoprolol transdermal patch （BP-TP, 20.0 mg/kg）, isosorbide dinitrate transdermal patch （ISDN-TP, 20.0 mg/kg）, and the combination of BP and ISDN in a transdermal patch at low doses （8 and 12 mg/kg, respectively）. The effects of treatment were evaluated via biochemical indicators related to cardiovascular protection, structure and function. The combination therapy had synergistic anti-hypertensive effects and significantly reduced blood pressure with the benefit of controlling blood pressure variability compared to BP-FT and BP-TP. The combined treatment also reduced heart rate as well as BP-FT and BP-TP, while ISDN-TP had no evident effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiovascular protection. Combination therapy was superior to BP-TP and BP-FT at increasing blood atrial natriuretic peptide and nitric oxide, while also reducing cardiac hydroxyproline and endothelin-1 with no difference in blood endothelin-1 and cardiac malondialdehyde levels. Cardiovascular remodeling differed among the groups, with the combination therapy reducing cardiac hypertrophy and the aortic media/lumen ratio. The consequential improvements in relaxation in response to cumulative concentrations of acetylcholine may explain the associated improvement in endothelial function. Combi- nation treatment with a transdermal patch exhibited a synergistic therapeutic effect. Such favorable cardiovascular effects with nitric oxide donors and β-blockade combination through a transdermal patch may provide long-term cardiovascular protection during anti-hypertensive treatment.
基金supported by the National Key Projects for Fundamental Research and Development of China(2016YFB0600903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91434107,21506226,21476245)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDY-SSW-JSC011)~~
文摘A series of quaternary ammonium ionic liquids(ILs)were synthesized and employed as catalysts for the production of poly(isosorbide carbonate)(PIC)from diphenyl carbonate and isosorbide via a melt polycondensation process.The relationship between the anions of the ILs and the catalytic activities was investigated,and the readily‐prepared IL tetraethylammonium imidazolate(TEAI)was found to exhibit the highest catalytic activity.After optimizing the reaction conditions,a PIC with a weight‐average molecular weight(Mw)of25600g/mol was obtained,in conjunction with an isosorbide conversion of92%.As a means of modifying the molecular flexibility and thermal properties of the PIC,poly(aliphatic diol‐co‐isosorbide carbonate)s(PAIC)s were successfully synthesized,again using TEAI,and polymers with Mw values ranging from29000to112000g/mol were obtained.13C NMR analyses determined that the PAIC specimens had random microstructures,while differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that each of the PAICs were amorphous and had glass transition temperatures ranging from50to115°C.Thermogravimetric analyses found Td‐5%values ranging from316to332°C for these polymers.Based on these data,it is evident that the incorporation of linear or cyclohexane‐based diol repeating units changed the thermal properties of the PIC.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFB0301900)the Science and Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province(No.2015GZ0065)
文摘Ca/SBA-15 solid bases with different Ca/Si atomic ratios were prepared by a one-pot route and employed as catalysts for the production of poly（isosorbide carbonate） （PIC） from diphenyl carbonate and isosorbide via a transesterification polymerization process. The relationship between physicochemical properties and catalytic performance for Ca/SBA-15 in this melt process was investigated by means of various characterization techniques. It was found that basic site amount and strength were responsible for this transesterification process; the weak and medium basic sites inclined to promote polycondensation reaction. It was worth noting that strong basic sites could favor the decomposition of the resultant P/C, resulting in the decrease of weight-average molecular weight （Mw） and yield, and the sample with Ca/Si atomic ratio of 0.4 exhibited the best catalytic performance, giving PIC with Mw of 4.88 × 10^4 g/mol and Tg of 169 ℃ at the optimal conditions. This excellent activity can be ascribed to the presence of rich basic sites and specific basic strength on the surface of 0.4Ca/SBA-15.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51503181)Foundation of Educational Committee of Zhejiang Province of China (No. Y201225071)Ningbo Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 2013A610135, 2015A610092, 2015A610100) for financial support
文摘Two kinds of difunctionalized isosorbide derivatives containing norbornene groups were designed and synthesized by a facile one-step reaction under mild conditions.~1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the chemical composition and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） revealed the distinct curing behaviors between conventional petroleum-based dicyclopentadiene（DCPD） and synthesized renewable isosorbided-based monomer（ISN）. In contrast to DCPD, ISN was low viscous liquid at room temperature and had even higher reactivity to perform ring-opening metathesis polymerization（ROMP） in the presence of Grubbs＇ catalyst. Due to the presence of flexible and elastic Si–C long chains, the cured poly（ISN） thermosets not only had good mechanical properties but also exhibited much higher storage modulus at the rubbery state in comparison with traditional poly（DCPD）.
基金The authors appreciative and acknowledge the Faculty of Engineering,Khon Kaen University,Thailand,and the Graduate School,Khon Kaen University,Thailand,for supporting the Lecturer in Admitting High Potential Students to Study and Research in His Expert Program Year 2018(Grant No.611JT212)。
文摘Isosorbide is a multi-purpose chemical that can be produced from renewable resources.Specifically,it has been investigated as a replacement for toxic bisphenol A(BPA)in the production of polycarbonate(PC).In this study,the synthesis of isosorbide by sorbitol dehydration using a cerium-based catalyst derived from calcined cerium(IV)sulfate(300°C,400°C,450°C,500°C,and 650°C)was investigated.The reaction occurred in a high-pressure reactor containing nitrogen gas.Advanced instrumental techniques were applied to analyze the characteristics of the calcined catalyst.The results showed that the calcined catalysts demonstrated different crystalline structures and sulfate species at different temperatures.However,the acidic properties(strength and amount)of the catalyst did not change with the calcination temperature.The cerium(IV)sulfate calcined at 400°C exhibited the best catalytic performance,achieving the highest isosorbide yield(55.7%)and complete conversion of sorbitol at 180°C,20 bar of N2,and 6 h using CeSO-400.The presence of a sulfate group on the catalyst was the most important factor in determining the catalytic performance of sorbitol dehydration to isosorbide.This work suggests that CeSO-400 catalysts may play an important role in reducing reaction conditions.
文摘A new approach for asymmetric syntheses of （S） and （R）-3-n-butylphthalide （NBP） is presented. The diastereoselective addition of dibutylzinic to aromatic aldehyde 10 or 11 generated from isomannide- or isosorbide-derived chiral auxiliary afforded S-NBP or R-NBP in high optical yields.
基金The work was financially supported by the Hong Kong Scholars Program(Grant No.XJ2020003)the Basic Research Program of Jiangnan University(JUSRP121029).
文摘Fabrication of flame retardants from renewable biomass has aroused extensive interest over the past decade.This work reported a synthesis of isosorbide-derived polyphosphonate(PICPP)as an anti-flammable agent for poly(lactic acid)(PLA).The presence of PICPP notably declined the storage modulus of PLA/PICPP owing to the declined molecular weight of PLA catalyzed by the presence of PICPP.PLA and PLA/PICPP thermally degraded in one stage under either air or nitrogen atmosphere.With increasing the amount of PICPP,the onset thermal decomposition temperature of PLA/PICPP was decreased gradually,owing to the earlier decomposition of PICPP.With only 10 wt%of PICPP,PLA/PICPP-10 achieved a high limiting oxygen index of 30.0%and UL-94 V-0 classification,manifesting that PICPP was an efficient anti-flammable agent for PLA.The inclusion of 15 wt%PICPP also caused 33%and 16%decline in PHRR and THR of PLA,respectively.TG-IR results clarified that PLA/PICPP produced the less typical pyrolysis products especially flammable carbonyls than PLA,which may account for the suppressed PHRR and THR values of PLA/PICPP.
文摘Objectives To evaluate the anti- ischemic effect of ISDN on the patients with coronary heart disease . The change in the size of the defect area as percentage of the entire myocardium as determined by the unfolded surface mapping between the baseline and after ISDN infusion reflects the anti-ischemic effect of ISDN. Methods and Results 99m Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion SPECT images were acquired, and reconstruction of the bull's eye map and unfolded surface mapping were performed according to the dates of tomography images. In the group (99mTc-MIBI was injected at 30 minutes after the start of ISDN iv drip) : at the 65% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was 33.01 ± 5.35% at baseline, (28.9 ±5.23)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.05); at the 55% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (22.06±5.58)% at baseline, (19.60±4.07)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.05); the sum of defect blood ST segments is 60 at baseline, 51 after ISDN was infused. In the group (99mTc-MIBI was injected at 60 minutes after the start of ISDN iv drip): at the 65% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (29.20±5.08)% at baseline, (20.81±4.16)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.001); at the 55% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (21.2 ± 5.49)% at baseline, (17.52±5.59)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.001); the sum of defect blood ST segments is 58 at baseline, 47 after ISDN was infused. In the group (99mTc-MIBI was injected at 150 minutes after the start of ISDN iv drip) : at the 65% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (32.87 ±6.46)% at baseline, (20.81±4.16)% after ISDN was infused (P < 0.001); at the 55% threshold value, the percentage of the defect area size in the whole ventricle was (18.42± 5.17)% at baseline, (14.18±3.61)% after ISDN was infused (P< 0.001); the sum of defect blood ST segments was 64 at baseline, 41 after ISDN was infused. Conclusions The unfolded surface mapping of 99mTc- MIBI myocardial perfusion image can be used as a method of quantitatively evaluating the anti-ischemic effect of drugs and ISDN iv drip can improve the blood flow in myocardium (myocardium perfusion).
文摘The studies on the asymmetric alkylation of ester employing D-Isomannide and D-isosorbide as chiral auxiliaries were described. The diastereomeric excess of this reaction was up to 90%.
文摘Introduction Efective labour induction is marked by the onset of uterine contractions,progressive cervical dilation,and efacement,culminating in a vaginal birth without matemal or fetal complications.The success of induction largely depends on cenvical ripening.Isosorbide mononitrate(ISMN),a nitric axide donor,has shown potential for cervical ripening.faciitating labour induction by promoting cervical softening,efacement and dilation.This study evaluates the eficacy and safety of ISMN for cervical ripening before labour induction at term or post-term.Methods In this double-binded randomised controlled trial,160 primigravidas with an unripe cenix(Bishop score<6)undergoing labour induction at term or post-term were enolled.The ISMN group received 40mg of intravaginal ISMN in the posterior formix every 4hours,up to four doses.The placebo group received intravaginal pridoxine placebos on the same schedule.The primary outcome measured was the duration from labour induction to placental dllvery.Secondary outcomes included caesarean section rates.Results The ISMN group had a ststically significant shorter induction-to-delivery time compared with the placebo group(20.5714.64hours VS 23.15+5.13hours,p=0.01).Addionally,the time from the first dose to dellvery was reduced in the ISMN group.The caesarean section rate was lower in the ISMN group(29%VS 41%,p=0.17),though this dfferenrce was not stitially significant.Conclusion ISMN is an efctive and safe option for cerical ripening,poentally shortening the labour duration.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills(CDDP) combined with isosorbide mononitrate(ISMN) versus ISMN alone for treating angina pectoris in patients.Methods: The Pub Med, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Literature Service System, Chinese Medical Journal Database, and Wan Fang MED databases were searched from inception to November 2022. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and cohort studies were included. The primary outcomes were angina symptom and electrocardiography(ECG) efficacy, angina symptom efficacy, and ECG efficacy. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO No. CRD42022314774.Results: Our study included 7 245 patients with angina(59 RCTs, 11 cohort studies). When ISMN was combined with CDDP, the efficacy of angina symptom and ECG [odds ratio(OR) = 4.824, 95% confidence interval(CI) = 3.636–6.401, P = 0.000], the efficacy of angina symptom(OR = 4.347, 95% CI = 3.635–5.198,P = 0.000), the efficacy of ECG(OR = 3.364, 95% CI = 2.767–4.089, P = 0.000) were better than that of patients treated with ISMN alone. CDDP combined with ISMN was superior to ISMN alone in reducing triglyceride(TG) [mean difference(MD) =-35.176, 95% CI =-37.439 to-32.912, P = 0.000], total cholesterol(TC)(MD =-24.296, 95% CI =-26.429 to-22.163, P = 0.000), the duration of angina attack(MD =-1.991, 95% CI =-2.349 to-1.633, P = 0.000), and the frequency of angina attack [standardized MD(SMD) =-2.840, 95% CI =-3.416 to-2.265, P = 0.000]. There was no increase in adverse events between CDDP combined with ISMN and ISMN alone(OR = 0.513, 95% CI = 0.421–0.626, P = 0.000).Conclusion: CDDP combined with ISMN improved treatment efficacy and was well tolerated. Therefore,this combination could be used as an alternative treatment. However, clinical and patient conditions should be considered.
基金Project (No. 297912045) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The asymmetric reductive coupling reaction of various acrylates derived from D-isosorbide and D-isomannide with acetophenone mediated by samarium diiodide to give both enantiomers of the optically active γ-butyrolactone was described. The best enantiomeric excess of the products was 60%.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effects of nitroester drugs on human sphincter of Oddi (SO) motility and their antagonistic effects against morphine which shows excitatory effect on Oddi's sphincter motility.METHODS: The effects of these drugs on SO were evaluated by means of choledochofiberoscopy manometry.A total of 67 patients having T-tubes after cholecystectomy and choledochotomy were involved in the study, they were randomly divided into glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) group,isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) group, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PTN) group, morphine associated with GTN group, morphine associated with ISDN group and morphine associated with PTN group. Basal pressure of Oddi's sphincter (BPOS), amplitude of phasic contractions (SOCA), frequency of phasic contractions (SOF), duration of phasic contractions (SOD), duodenal pressure (DP) and common bile duct pressure (CBDP) were scored and analyzed. Morphine was given intramuscularly while nitroester drugs were applied sublingually.RESULTS: BPOS and SOCA decreased significantly after administration of ISDN and GTN, BPOS reduced from 10.95±7.49 mmHg to 5.92±4.04 mmHg (P＜0.05) evidently after application of PTN. BPOS increased from 7.37±5.58mmHg to 16.60±13.87 mmHg, SOCA increased from 54.09±38.37 mmHg to 100.70±43.51 mmHg, SOF increased from 7.15±3.20 mmHg to 10.38±2.93 mmHg and CBDP increased 3.75±1.95 mmHg to 10.49±8.21 mmHg (P＜0.01)evidently after injection of morphine. After associated application of ISDN and GTN, the four indications above decreased obviously. As for application associated with PTN,SOCA and SOF decreased separately from 100.64±44.99mmHg to 66.17±35.88 mmHg and from 10.70±2.76 mmHg to 9.04±1.71 mmHg (P＜0.05) markedly.CONCLUSION: The regular dose of GTN, ISDN and PTN showed inhibitory effect on SO motility, morphine showed excitatory effect on SO while GTN, ISDN and PTN could antagonize the effect of morphine. Among the three nitroester drugs, the effect of ISDN on SO was most significant.
文摘<strong>Objective</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong> To compare the effectiveness, safety and client acceptability of concurrent application of transcervical Foley catheter with vaginal ISMN-sustained release (SR) 60 mg tablet versus transcervical Foley catheter alone for pre-induction cervical ripening in women who are undergoing Vaginal birth after C-section (VBAC). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A prospective single blind randomized control study w</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as carried out including 110 pregnant women who had unfavorable cervix (MBS less than 6) at 40 weeks and 3 days of gestation. The two groups received either the trans-cervical foley catheter with a vaginal ISMN 60 mg sustained release (SR) tablet on 40 weeks and 3 days (Treatment arm 1, n = 57), or trans-cervical Foley alone on 40 weeks and 3 days (Treatment arm 2, n = 53). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: At 40 weeks + 3 days gestation</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the mean age, mean parity and the mean modified Bishop Score (MBS) were comparable among the two treatment groups. Majority (n = 98, 89.1%) remained without spontaneously establishing labour at 24 hours of intervention. The difference in mean MBS at 40 weeks + 4 days (24-hours following the intervention) in the two groups was statistically not significant (P > 0.05). The group who received concurrent ISMN vaginal tablets achieved a higher number of successful VBACs (n = 33, 62.3%) over the group who received the Foley catheter only method (n = 29, 50.9%)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">however, not statistically significant (P > 0.05). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The concurrent use of vaginal ISMN tablets (60</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg SR) with a transcervical Foley catheter failed to show higher effectiveness compared to a transcervical Foley catheter alone as an induction method.</span></span></span>
文摘AIM: To investigate the tolerance development against the relaxant effect of nitric oxide donating drug isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and sodium nitropruside (SNP) in internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle. METHODS: Relaxation responses of ISDN, and electrical fi eld stimulation (EFS) were obtained before and after tolerance induction by ISDN incubation. RESULTS: ISDN (10-7-10-4 mol/L) and SNP (10-8-10-4 mol/L) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation on the basal tonus of the isolated rabbit IAS strips. After a period of 2 h incubation of the 6 x 10-4 mol/L ISDN the relaxation effects of ISDN and SNP did not change compared to control strips. EFS evoked frequency-dependent relaxation in internal anal sphincter smooth muscle and Emax obtained from control strips were not changed in ISDN tolerance-inducing condition. In this study nitrate tolerance was not observed in rabbit IAS smooth muscle. CONCLUSION: This result shows that nitric oxide donating drugs relaxes the internal anal sphincter of the rabbits without the development of tolerance.
