To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical nee...To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical need for accurate risk stratification and timely specialist intervention.A panel of 11 Japanese hepatology experts conducted a modified Delphi process to evaluate consensus recommendations regarding the use of noninvasive tests(NITs),including the fibrosis-4 index,enhanced liver fibrosis test,Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer,type IV collagen 7S,cytokeratin-18 fragments,and imaging modalities such as ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance elastography,for MASLD assessment and clinical referral.Practical algorithms were developed based on current Japanese data and panel consensus.The expert panel validated the utility of NITs as reliable tools for identifying patients with MASLD at risk for advanced fibrosis.Sequential use of NITs improved diagnostic accuracy and referral appropriateness while minimizing unnecessary specialist consultations.The proposed algorithms offer stepwise guidance for primary care physicians,supporting efficient,evidence-based decisionmaking.However,prospective longitudinal studies remain necessary for full prognostic validation of NITs in MASLD management.Noninvasive testing algorithms enable effective risk stratification and referral for MASLD in real-world Japanese practice with anticipated benefit for patient outcomes and healthcare systems.Broader adoption and further validation are warranted.展开更多
Nuclear excitation by electron capture(NEEC)is a fundamental process in nuclear physics.Despite its theoretical framework established nearly half a century ago,the experimental confirmation of NEEC remains elusive bec...Nuclear excitation by electron capture(NEEC)is a fundamental process in nuclear physics.Despite its theoretical framework established nearly half a century ago,the experimental confirmation of NEEC remains elusive because of significant technical challenges.A notable effort to validate NEEC experimentally involved the enhanced ^(93m)Mo isomer-depletion experiment,which was ultimately hindered by substantial noise interference.This mini-review provides a brief historical overview of NEEC studies and explores the role of NEEC processes in astrophysical environments and laser-induced plasmas.Several platforms have been proposed to facilitate the observation of NEEC,including traditional cooling-storage rings,ion accelerators,and electron beam ion traps.These approaches aim to enhance the nuclear excitation rate,thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio.In addition,the employment of exotic vortex beams is discussed as a potential methodological approach to address these challenges.展开更多
In this study,a pair of dicarboxylic acids as cis-trans isomerism—citraconic acid(CA)and mesaconic acid(MA),was incorporated into polymeric networks of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM)-based core-shell microgels v...In this study,a pair of dicarboxylic acids as cis-trans isomerism—citraconic acid(CA)and mesaconic acid(MA),was incorporated into polymeric networks of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM)-based core-shell microgels via semi-batch precipitation polymerization.We demonstrated that the pH-temperature dual responsiveness of the core-shell microgels is highly correlated with the structure and position of the acid isomers.Both the cis-trans molecular structure and the crosslinking position of the dicarboxylic acids significantly influenced the hydration capacity and surface charge density of the core-shell microgels.These diverse properties first influenced the swelling behavior,further affecting the interfacial behavior of the microgels,including the oil-water dynamic interfacial tension and air-water compression isotherms.Furthermore,the rheological behavior of the microgel suspensions also displayed distinct dependences on the frequency and temperature,illustrating that the cis-trans molecular structure and crosslinked position of the dicarboxylic acids also significantly influenced the interparticle clustering in the bulk solution.Our results suggest that the pH sensitivity of the cis-trans dicarboxylic acid isomer affects the ionization and surface charge distribution of the core or shell layers of individual microgels,which further determines the interparticle interaction and cooperative rearrangement at interfaces and in the bulk.展开更多
Binuclear complexes have attracted extensive attention in fields such as catalysis because of their likely bimetallic synergistic effect;however,the mechanism and factors influencing this synergism remain unclear.In t...Binuclear complexes have attracted extensive attention in fields such as catalysis because of their likely bimetallic synergistic effect;however,the mechanism and factors influencing this synergism remain unclear.In this work,six bis-β-ketoimine binuclear titanium complexes4a-4f containing different alkylthio sidearms and configurations were synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum(~1H-NMR),nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectrum(^(13)C-NMR),Fourier transform infrared spectrum(FTIR),and elemental analysis.The intermetallic distances of isomeric complexes 4a,4d,4e and 4f determined through density functional theory(DFT)optimization were in the order 4a<4d<4e<4f and were found to significantly influence the catalytic performance for ethylene(co)polymerization.These complexes could efficiently catalyze ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene or ethylene/1-octene copolymerization with high activity to produce highmolecular-weight ethylene homo-and co-polymers.Among the three binuclear titanium complexes 4a-4c with similar structures but different lengths of alkylthio sidearms,complex 4a,which contained the shortest methylthio sidearm,exhibited the highest activity for ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with 1-hexene or 1-octene.Additionally,for ethylene/1-hexene or ethylene/1-octene copolymerization,it showed the highest comonomer incorporation compared with propylthio(4b)and octylthio(4c)derivatives because of the smaller steric hindrance of the methyl group in 4a and the more open coordination space for vinyl monomers.Furthermore,among the isomeric complexes 4a,4d,4e and4f,complex 4a with the shortest bimetallic distance also exhibited the highest activity towards ethylene(co)polymerization,and the highest 1-hexene or 1-octene incorporation in comparison with its regioisomeric counterparts 4d,4e and p-phenyl-bridged analog 4f,owing to a more appropriate bimetallic distance that is conducive to a synergistic effect.展开更多
A series of isomeric sandwich-type dysprosiacarboranyl complexes,including[Na(THF)_(5)][3.2'-(THF)_(2)-3.2-Dy(1,2-C_(2)B_(9)H_(11))_(x)(1'7'-C_(2)B_(9)H_(11))_(2-x))(o/m-Dy)and[Na(THF)_(5)][2.2'-(THF)_...A series of isomeric sandwich-type dysprosiacarboranyl complexes,including[Na(THF)_(5)][3.2'-(THF)_(2)-3.2-Dy(1,2-C_(2)B_(9)H_(11))_(x)(1'7'-C_(2)B_(9)H_(11))_(2-x))(o/m-Dy)and[Na(THF)_(5)][2.2'-(THF)_(2)-2.2'-Dy(1,7-C_(2)B_(9)H_(11))2](m-Dy)were synthesized by using the isomeric dicarbollide ligands,namely[nido-7,8-C2BgH_(11)]^(2-)and[nido-7,9-C_(2)B_(9)H_(11)]^(2-).The structural details of o/m-Dy and m-Dy and magnetic dynamics of m-Dy were investigated to compare with the previous study on[Na(THF)_(5)][2.2'-(THF)_(2)-2.2'-Dy(1,2-C_(2)B_(9)H_(11))_(2)]o-Dy.The bending angles of sandwiched dysprosiacarboranes are straightened so as to improve energy bar-riers(U_(eff))from 430(5)to 591(0)K.Magneto-structural correlations show that the introduction of meta-C sites within the π-electron delocalized heterocyclic ring can effectively shorten the Dy-C_(2)B_(3)centroid distance and increase the C_(2)B_(3)centroid...Dy...C_(2)B_(3)centroid bending angle which is attributed to the dif-ferences in electronegativity between C and B atoms on the ring of C_(2)B_(3)^(2-).Therefore,to further enhance the performance of single-molecule magnets(SMMs)on this basis,future endeavors should focus on diminishing the equatorial solvent molecules to make a wider C2B3...Dy...C_(2)B_(3)bending angle.展开更多
As more and more studies have shown that lipid molecules play an important role in the whole biology,in-depth analysis of lipid structure has become particularly important in lipidomics.Mass spectrometry(MS),as the pr...As more and more studies have shown that lipid molecules play an important role in the whole biology,in-depth analysis of lipid structure has become particularly important in lipidomics.Mass spectrometry(MS),as the preferred tool for lipid analysis,has greatly promoted the development of this field.However,the existing MS methods still face many difficulties in the in-depth or even comprehensive analysis of lipid structure.In this review,we discuss recent advances in MS methods based on double bond-specific chemistries for the resolving of C=C location and geometry isomers of lipids.This progress has greatly advanced the lipidomics analysis to a deeper structural level and facilitated the development of structural lipid biology.展开更多
This study explores the phenomenon of shape coexistence in nuclei around^(172)Hg,with a focus on the isotopes^(170)Pt,^(172)Hg,and^(174)Pb,as well as the^(170)Pt to^(180)Pt isotopic chain.Utilizing a macro-microscopic...This study explores the phenomenon of shape coexistence in nuclei around^(172)Hg,with a focus on the isotopes^(170)Pt,^(172)Hg,and^(174)Pb,as well as the^(170)Pt to^(180)Pt isotopic chain.Utilizing a macro-microscopic approach that incorporates the Lublin-Strasbourg Drop model combined with a Yukawa-Folded potential and pairing corrections,we analyze the potential energy surfaces(PESs)to understand the impact of pairing interaction.For^(170)Pt,the PES exhibited a prolate ground state,with additional triaxial and oblate-shaped isomers.In^(172)Hg,the ground-state deformation transitions from triaxial to oblate with increasing pairing interaction,demonstrating its nearlyγ-unstable nature.Three shape isomers(prolate,triaxial,and oblate)were observed,with increased pairing strength leading to the disappearance of the triaxial isomer.^(174)Pb exhibited a prolate ground state that became increasingly spherical with stronger pairing.While shape isomers were present at lower pairing strengths,robust shape coexistence was not observed.For realistic pairing interaction,the ground-state shapes transitioned from prolate in^(170)Pt to a coexistence ofγ-unstable and oblate shapes in^(172)Hg,ultimately approaching spherical symmetry in^(174)Pb.A comparison between Exact and Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer(BCS)pairing demonstrated that BCS pairing tends to smooth out shape coexistence and reduce the depth of the shape isomer,leading to less pronounced deformation features.The PESs for even-even^(170)-180 Pt isotopes revealed significant shape evolution.^(170)Pt showed a prolate ground state,whereas^(172)Pt exhibited both triaxial and prolate shape coexistence.In^(174)Pt,the ground state was triaxial,coexisted with a prolate minimum.For^(176)Pt,aγ-unstable ground state coexists with a prolate minimum.By 178 Pt and 180Pt,a dominant prolate minimum emerged.These results highlight the role of shape coexistence andγ-instability in the evolution of nuclear structure,especially in the mid-shell region.These findings highlight the importance of pairing interactions in nuclear deformation and shape coexistence,providing insights into the structural evolution of mid-shell nuclei.展开更多
We propose a novel scheme for the population and depletion of nuclear isomers.This scheme combines the γ photons with energiesà 10 keV emitted during the interaction of a contemporary high-intensity laser pulse ...We propose a novel scheme for the population and depletion of nuclear isomers.This scheme combines the γ photons with energiesà 10 keV emitted during the interaction of a contemporary high-intensity laser pulse with a plasma and one or multiple photon beams supplied by intense lasers.Owing to nonlinear effects,two-or multiphoton absorption dominates over the conventional multistep one-photon process for an optimized γ flash.Moreover,this nonlinear effect can be greatly enhanced with the help of externally supplied low-energy photons coming from another laser.These low-energy photons act such that the effective cross-section experienced by the γ photons becomes tunable,growing with the intensity I_(0) of the beam.Assuming I_(0)~10^(18) W·cm^(-2) for the photon beam,an effective cross-section as large as 10^(-21)-10^(-28) cm^(2) for the γ photons can be achieved.Thus,with state-of-the-art 10 PW laser facilities,the yields from two-photon absorption can reach 10^(6)-10^(9) isomers per shot for selected states that are separated from their ground state by E2 transitions.Similar yields for transitions with higher multipolarities can be accommodated by multiphoton absorption with additional photons provided.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cirrhosis is a progressive condition characterized by fibrosis that can lead to severe complications and increased mortality.The mac-2 binding protein glyco-sylation isomer(M2BPGi)is a prominent biomarker f...BACKGROUND Cirrhosis is a progressive condition characterized by fibrosis that can lead to severe complications and increased mortality.The mac-2 binding protein glyco-sylation isomer(M2BPGi)is a prominent biomarker for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and cirrhosis-induced esophageal varices(EV).AIM To investigate thresholds of M2BPGi associated with HCC,EV,and decomp-ensation in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS This was a prospective study.A total of 153 patients with cirrhosis who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled.The patients were diagnosed with HCC and EV according to the Baveno VII and European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines.Baseline serum M2BPGi levels were assessed along with other routine tests.The data analysis aimed to determine the cutoff values of M2BPGi for pre-dicting EV and HCC.RESULTS In the study 85.6%of patients were Child-Pugh B and C.M2BPGi mean cutoff index was 7.1±3.7,showing no significant etiological differences.However,M2BPGi levels varied significantly among Child-Pugh classes,EV classifications,and between patients with and without HCC(P<0.01).M2BPGi cutoff values for predicting HCC,EV,and decompensated cirrhosis were 6.50,6.64,and 5.25,respectively.Mul-tivariate analysis confirmed M2BPGi as an independent risk factor for EV[adjusted odds ratio(aOR):1.3,95%CI:1.08-1.64]and liver decompensation(aOR:2.11,95%CI:1.37-3.83).Area under the curve of M2BPGi for HCC differ-entiation was 0.71.An algorithm combining alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and M2BPGi detected 26 of 28 HCC cases with 98.04%accuracy vs 10 cases by AFP alone.CONCLUSION Serum M2BPGi predicted cirrhosis complications,including decompensation and varices,especially in HCC.Combined with AFP,it enhanced HCC detection.Future liver biopsy studies are needed for tissue confirmation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer(M2BPGi)serves as a marker of activated hepatic stellate cells and as such holds potential as a biomarker for liver fibrosis.In Viet Nam,metabolic dysfunction-assoc...BACKGROUND Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer(M2BPGi)serves as a marker of activated hepatic stellate cells and as such holds potential as a biomarker for liver fibrosis.In Viet Nam,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is rising in prevalence and there is an urgent need for better clinical management,particularly in early detection methods that will improve overall prognosis.AIM To examine M2BPGi cut-off values for staging liver fibrosis in patients with MASLD and risk factors associated with disease progression.METHODS A total of 301 individuals with ultrasound-confirmed or FibroScan-confirmed diagnosis of fatty liver were enrolled in the study.The participants were stratified according to fibrosis stage,measured via magnetic resonance elastography.M2-BPGi,Fibrosis-4(FIB-4)Index score,and routine parameters of liver function were assessed to statistically investigate the correlation of M2BPGi levels in various fibrosis stages and to identify risk factors associated with fibrosis severity.RESULTS M2BPGi levels positively correlated with fibrosis stages,with cut-off indexes of 0.57 for F0-1,0.68 for F2-3,and 0.78 for F4.M2BPGi levels in the F0-1 group were significantly different from those in both the F2-3 group(P=0.038)and the F4 group(P=0.0051);the F2-3 and F4 groups did not show a significant difference(P=0.39).Females exhibited significantly higher M2BPGi levels than males for all fibrosis stages,particularly in the F2-3 group(P=0.01)and F4 group(P=0.0006).In the F4(cirrhosis)group,individuals with diabetes had significantly higher M2BPGi levels than those without.M2BPGi,hemoglobin A1c,and FIB-4 score were identified as independent risk factors for greater fibrosis and cirrhosis.CONCLUSION M2BPGi levels varied significantly throughout fibrosis progression,from early MASLD to cirrhosis,with sex correlation.M2BPGi holds promise as an early biomarker for fibrosis characterization in MASLD adult patient populations.展开更多
[Objective] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors were studied in the fields.[Method] Three isomers of microcystins （MC-LR,RR and YR） from water of five sampling spots in a...[Objective] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors were studied in the fields.[Method] Three isomers of microcystins （MC-LR,RR and YR） from water of five sampling spots in a northern reservoir were observed for one year with High Performance Liquid Chromatography analytical method in order to study the relationship between three isomers and environmental factors.[Result] The three isomers of microcystins showed positive correlation with chlorophyll a;LR and YR isomers all had significant linear positive correlations with the water temperature,but the RR isomer showed no significant correlation with the water temperature;LR and YR isomers had relatively significantly correlativities with the contents of total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and organic nitrogen,while the RR isomer only showed a significant negative correlation with the content of nitrate nitrogen;LR and RR isomers both showed significant positive correlations with the contents of total phosphorus and organic phosphorus,while the phosphorus hardly affected the YR isomer and showed no evident correlation.[Conclusion] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors such as chlorophyll a,water temperature,nitrogen,phosphorus were studied and investigated the reasons,which might offered a reference for controlling the growth of blue algae in water and toxin synthesis.展开更多
A new capillary gas chromatography stationary phase, monokis (2,6 di O benzyl 3 O propyl (3’)) hexakis(2,6 di O benzyl 3 O methyl) β CD bonded polysiloxane, was synthesized. It ex...A new capillary gas chromatography stationary phase, monokis (2,6 di O benzyl 3 O propyl (3’)) hexakis(2,6 di O benzyl 3 O methyl) β CD bonded polysiloxane, was synthesized. It exhibited separation abilities to disubstituted benzene isomers and some chiral solutes. It was also found that the polarity of CD derivatives can be lowered both by chemically bonding it to polysiloxane and by diluting it in polysiloxane. The separation abilities of the polysiloxane anchored CDs (SP CD) are higher than that of the unbonded CDs (S CD) and the diluted S CD at lower column temperature. Hydrosilylation reaction is one of the best methods to lower the operating temperature of CDs.展开更多
Two pairs of structural isomers isolated from Aconitum nagarum var.lasiandrum have been differentiated by ESI MS using hydroxylamine hydrochloride(NH2OH·HCl) derivative method.
In order to compare the potential selectivity of R-（-）-DM-phencynonate hydrochloride with its racemate （±）-DM- phencynonate hydrochloride on acetylcholine muscarinic receptor subtypes, the five human acetylch...In order to compare the potential selectivity of R-（-）-DM-phencynonate hydrochloride with its racemate （±）-DM- phencynonate hydrochloride on acetylcholine muscarinic receptor subtypes, the five human acetylcholine muscarinic receptor subtypes （M1- M5） （CHO-hml-5R） were cloned and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary （CHO-K1） cell line. The specific mRNAs of the five acetylcholine muscarinic receptor subtypes were detected by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） method, demonstrating the definite expression of muscarinic receptor subtype genes （CHO-hml-5R）. The affinity and saturability of different muscarinic receptor subtypes to [^3H] N-methylscopolamine （[^3H]-NMS） were obtained by radioligand binding assay. Equilibrium binding assay revealed that the maximum binding capacity of [^3H]-NMS （Bmax value） to CHO-hml-5R were 40.22±3.23, 24.53±4.11, 29.65±2.65, 25.41±2.46, 32.78±4.81 pmol/mg·protein, respectively. Kd values of [^3H]-NMS to muscarinic receptors M1 to M5 were 0.97±0.22, 1.16±0.14, 0.99±0.06, 0.56±0.08, 1.12±0.06 nM, respectively. R-（-）-DM- phencynonate hydrochloride was found to block the M4 receptor with a much higher potency （pD2 = 7.48） than those displayed on M1 （pD2 = 6.20）, M2 （pD2 = 5.99）, M3 （pD2 = 5.99） and M5 （pD2 = 6.70） subtypes. However, for （±）-DM-phencynonate hydrochloride, no significant subtype receptor selectivity was found. Both （±）-DM- and R-（-）-DM-phencynonate hydrochloride showed allosteric effects on muscarinic receptors, the Hill coefficient （nH） of five receptor subtypes was less than 1, respectively. The results revealed that R-（-）-DM-phencynonate hydrochloride showed selectivity torwards M4 subtype, and there were allosteric effects for both R-（-）-DM-phencynonate hydrochloride and （±）-DM-phencynonate hydrochloride on muscarinic receptors.展开更多
Two multicapillary coluumns(SE 30 and Carbowax 20M)were used for high speed GC separation of positional isomers of industrial chemicals The performances of the two multicapillary columns were also evaluated,such a...Two multicapillary coluumns(SE 30 and Carbowax 20M)were used for high speed GC separation of positional isomers of industrial chemicals The performances of the two multicapillary columns were also evaluated,such as the effects of carrier velocity,column temperature and sample capacity Two typical explosive isomers(DNT and TNT)were well separated on SE 30 multicapillary column,while some important chemicals(e g xylenes,xylenols)were separated on Carbowax 20M multicapillary column at high speed The multimulticapillary column shows the feature of fast analysis,relatively lower column temperature and larger sample capacity展开更多
A field survey was conducted in a contaminated industrial site of southern Beijing, China to investigate the contents and distribution of the organochlorine pesticides （α-, β-, y-, δ-HCH, p,p＇-DDT, p,p＇-DDE, p,p...A field survey was conducted in a contaminated industrial site of southern Beijing, China to investigate the contents and distribution of the organochlorine pesticides （α-, β-, y-, δ-HCH, p,p＇-DDT, p,p＇-DDE, p,p＇-DDD and o,p＇-DDT） in the profiles of soil, and a health risk assessment was carded out with CalTOX multimedia exposure model. Results showed that mean concentrations of total hexachlorocyclohexane isomers （HCHs） and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane isomers （DDXs） in soils were in the range of 13.20- 148.71 mg/kg, and 3.02-67.43 mg/kg, respectively. Organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） content peaked in the surface and declined in soil profile with depth. The amounts of HCHs in three profiles of soil were larger than DDXs. Composition analysis indicated that there was a trend of degradation of OCPs in the site, but the mean of HCHs and DDXs concentration were over the state warning standard limit （HCHs, 0.50 mg/kg; DDXs, 0.50 mg/kg）. According to current land use development, health risk assessment with CalTOX and Monte Carlo analysis showed that health risks mainly came from two exposure pathways： dermal uptake and inhalation, and the total risk values all exceeded the general acceptable health risk value （10-6）. The sensitivity analysis indicated that five parameters significantly contributed to total risk.展开更多
In the present paper, a metal–organic framework Cr-BDC was prepared and used as adsorbent for adsorption of o-nitrophenol(ONP) and p-nitrophenol(PNP) from aqueous solutions. Cr-BDC was characterized by scanning elect...In the present paper, a metal–organic framework Cr-BDC was prepared and used as adsorbent for adsorption of o-nitrophenol(ONP) and p-nitrophenol(PNP) from aqueous solutions. Cr-BDC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and BET methods. The results indicate that Cr-BDC gets a very large specific surface area of 4128 m^2·g^(-1)and pore sizes are concentrated in 1 nm, which is a benefit for using for wastewater treatment. The influences of the adsorption conditions, such as temperature,solution concentration, adsorption time and reusability on adsorption performance were investigated. Cr-BDC exhibited an encouraging uptake capacity of 310.0 mg·g^(-1)for ONP, and adsorption capacity of Cr-BDC for ONP is significantly higher than that for PNP under suitable adsorption conditions. The characterizations of adsorption process were examined with the Lagergren pseudo-first-order, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the intra-particular diffusion model. Kinetics experiments indicated that the pseudo-second-order model displayed the best correlation with adsorption kinetics data. Furthermore, our adsorption equilibrium data could be better described by the Freundlich equation. The results indicate that the as-prepared Cr-BDC is promising for use as an effective and economical adsorbent for ONP removal.展开更多
基金Supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI,No.25K11274.
文摘To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical need for accurate risk stratification and timely specialist intervention.A panel of 11 Japanese hepatology experts conducted a modified Delphi process to evaluate consensus recommendations regarding the use of noninvasive tests(NITs),including the fibrosis-4 index,enhanced liver fibrosis test,Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer,type IV collagen 7S,cytokeratin-18 fragments,and imaging modalities such as ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance elastography,for MASLD assessment and clinical referral.Practical algorithms were developed based on current Japanese data and panel consensus.The expert panel validated the utility of NITs as reliable tools for identifying patients with MASLD at risk for advanced fibrosis.Sequential use of NITs improved diagnostic accuracy and referral appropriateness while minimizing unnecessary specialist consultations.The proposed algorithms offer stepwise guidance for primary care physicians,supporting efficient,evidence-based decisionmaking.However,prospective longitudinal studies remain necessary for full prognostic validation of NITs in MASLD management.Noninvasive testing algorithms enable effective risk stratification and referral for MASLD in real-world Japanese practice with anticipated benefit for patient outcomes and healthcare systems.Broader adoption and further validation are warranted.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1606900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.12235003&12447106).
文摘Nuclear excitation by electron capture(NEEC)is a fundamental process in nuclear physics.Despite its theoretical framework established nearly half a century ago,the experimental confirmation of NEEC remains elusive because of significant technical challenges.A notable effort to validate NEEC experimentally involved the enhanced ^(93m)Mo isomer-depletion experiment,which was ultimately hindered by substantial noise interference.This mini-review provides a brief historical overview of NEEC studies and explores the role of NEEC processes in astrophysical environments and laser-induced plasmas.Several platforms have been proposed to facilitate the observation of NEEC,including traditional cooling-storage rings,ion accelerators,and electron beam ion traps.These approaches aim to enhance the nuclear excitation rate,thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio.In addition,the employment of exotic vortex beams is discussed as a potential methodological approach to address these challenges.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22303033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.JUSRP123017)+1 种基金Wuxi“Taihu Light”Science and Technology Project-Basic Research(No.K20231063)the Research Matching Grant Scheme at CUHK(No.8601309)。
文摘In this study,a pair of dicarboxylic acids as cis-trans isomerism—citraconic acid(CA)and mesaconic acid(MA),was incorporated into polymeric networks of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM)-based core-shell microgels via semi-batch precipitation polymerization.We demonstrated that the pH-temperature dual responsiveness of the core-shell microgels is highly correlated with the structure and position of the acid isomers.Both the cis-trans molecular structure and the crosslinking position of the dicarboxylic acids significantly influenced the hydration capacity and surface charge density of the core-shell microgels.These diverse properties first influenced the swelling behavior,further affecting the interfacial behavior of the microgels,including the oil-water dynamic interfacial tension and air-water compression isotherms.Furthermore,the rheological behavior of the microgel suspensions also displayed distinct dependences on the frequency and temperature,illustrating that the cis-trans molecular structure and crosslinked position of the dicarboxylic acids also significantly influenced the interparticle clustering in the bulk solution.Our results suggest that the pH sensitivity of the cis-trans dicarboxylic acid isomer affects the ionization and surface charge distribution of the core or shell layers of individual microgels,which further determines the interparticle interaction and cooperative rearrangement at interfaces and in the bulk.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21172269)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,SouthCentral Minzu University(No.CZH24005)。
文摘Binuclear complexes have attracted extensive attention in fields such as catalysis because of their likely bimetallic synergistic effect;however,the mechanism and factors influencing this synergism remain unclear.In this work,six bis-β-ketoimine binuclear titanium complexes4a-4f containing different alkylthio sidearms and configurations were synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum(~1H-NMR),nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectrum(^(13)C-NMR),Fourier transform infrared spectrum(FTIR),and elemental analysis.The intermetallic distances of isomeric complexes 4a,4d,4e and 4f determined through density functional theory(DFT)optimization were in the order 4a<4d<4e<4f and were found to significantly influence the catalytic performance for ethylene(co)polymerization.These complexes could efficiently catalyze ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene or ethylene/1-octene copolymerization with high activity to produce highmolecular-weight ethylene homo-and co-polymers.Among the three binuclear titanium complexes 4a-4c with similar structures but different lengths of alkylthio sidearms,complex 4a,which contained the shortest methylthio sidearm,exhibited the highest activity for ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with 1-hexene or 1-octene.Additionally,for ethylene/1-hexene or ethylene/1-octene copolymerization,it showed the highest comonomer incorporation compared with propylthio(4b)and octylthio(4c)derivatives because of the smaller steric hindrance of the methyl group in 4a and the more open coordination space for vinyl monomers.Furthermore,among the isomeric complexes 4a,4d,4e and4f,complex 4a with the shortest bimetallic distance also exhibited the highest activity towards ethylene(co)polymerization,and the highest 1-hexene or 1-octene incorporation in comparison with its regioisomeric counterparts 4d,4e and p-phenyl-bridged analog 4f,owing to a more appropriate bimetallic distance that is conducive to a synergistic effect.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375157)the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B23025)+4 种基金State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(EIPE23402,EIPE23405)SpecialSupportPlanof ShaanxiProvincefor Young Top-notch Talent,the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(xtr052023002,xzy012023024)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M742783)Shaanxi Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023BSHYDZZ12)the"Scientists+engineers"Team Building Project of Qin Chuang Yuan(2022KXJ-088).
文摘A series of isomeric sandwich-type dysprosiacarboranyl complexes,including[Na(THF)_(5)][3.2'-(THF)_(2)-3.2-Dy(1,2-C_(2)B_(9)H_(11))_(x)(1'7'-C_(2)B_(9)H_(11))_(2-x))(o/m-Dy)and[Na(THF)_(5)][2.2'-(THF)_(2)-2.2'-Dy(1,7-C_(2)B_(9)H_(11))2](m-Dy)were synthesized by using the isomeric dicarbollide ligands,namely[nido-7,8-C2BgH_(11)]^(2-)and[nido-7,9-C_(2)B_(9)H_(11)]^(2-).The structural details of o/m-Dy and m-Dy and magnetic dynamics of m-Dy were investigated to compare with the previous study on[Na(THF)_(5)][2.2'-(THF)_(2)-2.2'-Dy(1,2-C_(2)B_(9)H_(11))_(2)]o-Dy.The bending angles of sandwiched dysprosiacarboranes are straightened so as to improve energy bar-riers(U_(eff))from 430(5)to 591(0)K.Magneto-structural correlations show that the introduction of meta-C sites within the π-electron delocalized heterocyclic ring can effectively shorten the Dy-C_(2)B_(3)centroid distance and increase the C_(2)B_(3)centroid...Dy...C_(2)B_(3)centroid bending angle which is attributed to the dif-ferences in electronegativity between C and B atoms on the ring of C_(2)B_(3)^(2-).Therefore,to further enhance the performance of single-molecule magnets(SMMs)on this basis,future endeavors should focus on diminishing the equatorial solvent molecules to make a wider C2B3...Dy...C_(2)B_(3)bending angle.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22074111)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2700700)the Opening fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry&Materia Medica(No.BCMM202303)。
文摘As more and more studies have shown that lipid molecules play an important role in the whole biology,in-depth analysis of lipid structure has become particularly important in lipidomics.Mass spectrometry(MS),as the preferred tool for lipid analysis,has greatly promoted the development of this field.However,the existing MS methods still face many difficulties in the in-depth or even comprehensive analysis of lipid structure.In this review,we discuss recent advances in MS methods based on double bond-specific chemistries for the resolving of C=C location and geometry isomers of lipids.This progress has greatly advanced the lipidomics analysis to a deeper structural level and facilitated the development of structural lipid biology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12275115 and 12175097)the National Science Centre of Poland(No.2023/49/B/ST2/01294).
文摘This study explores the phenomenon of shape coexistence in nuclei around^(172)Hg,with a focus on the isotopes^(170)Pt,^(172)Hg,and^(174)Pb,as well as the^(170)Pt to^(180)Pt isotopic chain.Utilizing a macro-microscopic approach that incorporates the Lublin-Strasbourg Drop model combined with a Yukawa-Folded potential and pairing corrections,we analyze the potential energy surfaces(PESs)to understand the impact of pairing interaction.For^(170)Pt,the PES exhibited a prolate ground state,with additional triaxial and oblate-shaped isomers.In^(172)Hg,the ground-state deformation transitions from triaxial to oblate with increasing pairing interaction,demonstrating its nearlyγ-unstable nature.Three shape isomers(prolate,triaxial,and oblate)were observed,with increased pairing strength leading to the disappearance of the triaxial isomer.^(174)Pb exhibited a prolate ground state that became increasingly spherical with stronger pairing.While shape isomers were present at lower pairing strengths,robust shape coexistence was not observed.For realistic pairing interaction,the ground-state shapes transitioned from prolate in^(170)Pt to a coexistence ofγ-unstable and oblate shapes in^(172)Hg,ultimately approaching spherical symmetry in^(174)Pb.A comparison between Exact and Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer(BCS)pairing demonstrated that BCS pairing tends to smooth out shape coexistence and reduce the depth of the shape isomer,leading to less pronounced deformation features.The PESs for even-even^(170)-180 Pt isotopes revealed significant shape evolution.^(170)Pt showed a prolate ground state,whereas^(172)Pt exhibited both triaxial and prolate shape coexistence.In^(174)Pt,the ground state was triaxial,coexisted with a prolate minimum.For^(176)Pt,aγ-unstable ground state coexists with a prolate minimum.By 178 Pt and 180Pt,a dominant prolate minimum emerged.These results highlight the role of shape coexistence andγ-instability in the evolution of nuclear structure,especially in the mid-shell region.These findings highlight the importance of pairing interactions in nuclear deformation and shape coexistence,providing insights into the structural evolution of mid-shell nuclei.
基金supported by the Extreme Light Infrastructure Nuclear Physics(ELI-NP)Phase Ⅱ,a project co-financed by the Romanian Government and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund—the Competitiveness Operational Programme(1/07.07.2016,COP,ID 1334)the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation:PN23210105(Phase 2,the Program Nucleu),ELI-RO grants Proiectul ELI-RO/RDI_2024_AMAP,ELI-RO_RDI_2024_LaLuThe,ELIRO_RDI_2024_SPARC+4 种基金ELI10/01.10.2020 of the Romanian Governmentthe European Union,the Romanian Governmentthe Health Program,within the project“Medical Applications of High-Power Lasers—Dr.LASER”SMIS Code:326475the IOSIN funds for research infrastructures of national interest.
文摘We propose a novel scheme for the population and depletion of nuclear isomers.This scheme combines the γ photons with energiesà 10 keV emitted during the interaction of a contemporary high-intensity laser pulse with a plasma and one or multiple photon beams supplied by intense lasers.Owing to nonlinear effects,two-or multiphoton absorption dominates over the conventional multistep one-photon process for an optimized γ flash.Moreover,this nonlinear effect can be greatly enhanced with the help of externally supplied low-energy photons coming from another laser.These low-energy photons act such that the effective cross-section experienced by the γ photons becomes tunable,growing with the intensity I_(0) of the beam.Assuming I_(0)~10^(18) W·cm^(-2) for the photon beam,an effective cross-section as large as 10^(-21)-10^(-28) cm^(2) for the γ photons can be achieved.Thus,with state-of-the-art 10 PW laser facilities,the yields from two-photon absorption can reach 10^(6)-10^(9) isomers per shot for selected states that are separated from their ground state by E2 transitions.Similar yields for transitions with higher multipolarities can be accommodated by multiphoton absorption with additional photons provided.
文摘BACKGROUND Cirrhosis is a progressive condition characterized by fibrosis that can lead to severe complications and increased mortality.The mac-2 binding protein glyco-sylation isomer(M2BPGi)is a prominent biomarker for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and cirrhosis-induced esophageal varices(EV).AIM To investigate thresholds of M2BPGi associated with HCC,EV,and decomp-ensation in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS This was a prospective study.A total of 153 patients with cirrhosis who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled.The patients were diagnosed with HCC and EV according to the Baveno VII and European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines.Baseline serum M2BPGi levels were assessed along with other routine tests.The data analysis aimed to determine the cutoff values of M2BPGi for pre-dicting EV and HCC.RESULTS In the study 85.6%of patients were Child-Pugh B and C.M2BPGi mean cutoff index was 7.1±3.7,showing no significant etiological differences.However,M2BPGi levels varied significantly among Child-Pugh classes,EV classifications,and between patients with and without HCC(P<0.01).M2BPGi cutoff values for predicting HCC,EV,and decompensated cirrhosis were 6.50,6.64,and 5.25,respectively.Mul-tivariate analysis confirmed M2BPGi as an independent risk factor for EV[adjusted odds ratio(aOR):1.3,95%CI:1.08-1.64]and liver decompensation(aOR:2.11,95%CI:1.37-3.83).Area under the curve of M2BPGi for HCC differ-entiation was 0.71.An algorithm combining alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and M2BPGi detected 26 of 28 HCC cases with 98.04%accuracy vs 10 cases by AFP alone.CONCLUSION Serum M2BPGi predicted cirrhosis complications,including decompensation and varices,especially in HCC.Combined with AFP,it enhanced HCC detection.Future liver biopsy studies are needed for tissue confirmation.
文摘BACKGROUND Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer(M2BPGi)serves as a marker of activated hepatic stellate cells and as such holds potential as a biomarker for liver fibrosis.In Viet Nam,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is rising in prevalence and there is an urgent need for better clinical management,particularly in early detection methods that will improve overall prognosis.AIM To examine M2BPGi cut-off values for staging liver fibrosis in patients with MASLD and risk factors associated with disease progression.METHODS A total of 301 individuals with ultrasound-confirmed or FibroScan-confirmed diagnosis of fatty liver were enrolled in the study.The participants were stratified according to fibrosis stage,measured via magnetic resonance elastography.M2-BPGi,Fibrosis-4(FIB-4)Index score,and routine parameters of liver function were assessed to statistically investigate the correlation of M2BPGi levels in various fibrosis stages and to identify risk factors associated with fibrosis severity.RESULTS M2BPGi levels positively correlated with fibrosis stages,with cut-off indexes of 0.57 for F0-1,0.68 for F2-3,and 0.78 for F4.M2BPGi levels in the F0-1 group were significantly different from those in both the F2-3 group(P=0.038)and the F4 group(P=0.0051);the F2-3 and F4 groups did not show a significant difference(P=0.39).Females exhibited significantly higher M2BPGi levels than males for all fibrosis stages,particularly in the F2-3 group(P=0.01)and F4 group(P=0.0006).In the F4(cirrhosis)group,individuals with diabetes had significantly higher M2BPGi levels than those without.M2BPGi,hemoglobin A1c,and FIB-4 score were identified as independent risk factors for greater fibrosis and cirrhosis.CONCLUSION M2BPGi levels varied significantly throughout fibrosis progression,from early MASLD to cirrhosis,with sex correlation.M2BPGi holds promise as an early biomarker for fibrosis characterization in MASLD adult patient populations.
基金Supported by Technical Innovation Project of Ministry of Water Conservancy(SCX2002-04)National Nature Science Foundation of China(50579015)~~
文摘[Objective] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors were studied in the fields.[Method] Three isomers of microcystins （MC-LR,RR and YR） from water of five sampling spots in a northern reservoir were observed for one year with High Performance Liquid Chromatography analytical method in order to study the relationship between three isomers and environmental factors.[Result] The three isomers of microcystins showed positive correlation with chlorophyll a;LR and YR isomers all had significant linear positive correlations with the water temperature,but the RR isomer showed no significant correlation with the water temperature;LR and YR isomers had relatively significantly correlativities with the contents of total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and organic nitrogen,while the RR isomer only showed a significant negative correlation with the content of nitrate nitrogen;LR and RR isomers both showed significant positive correlations with the contents of total phosphorus and organic phosphorus,while the phosphorus hardly affected the YR isomer and showed no evident correlation.[Conclusion] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors such as chlorophyll a,water temperature,nitrogen,phosphorus were studied and investigated the reasons,which might offered a reference for controlling the growth of blue algae in water and toxin synthesis.
文摘A new capillary gas chromatography stationary phase, monokis (2,6 di O benzyl 3 O propyl (3’)) hexakis(2,6 di O benzyl 3 O methyl) β CD bonded polysiloxane, was synthesized. It exhibited separation abilities to disubstituted benzene isomers and some chiral solutes. It was also found that the polarity of CD derivatives can be lowered both by chemically bonding it to polysiloxane and by diluting it in polysiloxane. The separation abilities of the polysiloxane anchored CDs (SP CD) are higher than that of the unbonded CDs (S CD) and the diluted S CD at lower column temperature. Hydrosilylation reaction is one of the best methods to lower the operating temperature of CDs.
文摘Two pairs of structural isomers isolated from Aconitum nagarum var.lasiandrum have been differentiated by ESI MS using hydroxylamine hydrochloride(NH2OH·HCl) derivative method.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30672445)
文摘In order to compare the potential selectivity of R-（-）-DM-phencynonate hydrochloride with its racemate （±）-DM- phencynonate hydrochloride on acetylcholine muscarinic receptor subtypes, the five human acetylcholine muscarinic receptor subtypes （M1- M5） （CHO-hml-5R） were cloned and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary （CHO-K1） cell line. The specific mRNAs of the five acetylcholine muscarinic receptor subtypes were detected by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） method, demonstrating the definite expression of muscarinic receptor subtype genes （CHO-hml-5R）. The affinity and saturability of different muscarinic receptor subtypes to [^3H] N-methylscopolamine （[^3H]-NMS） were obtained by radioligand binding assay. Equilibrium binding assay revealed that the maximum binding capacity of [^3H]-NMS （Bmax value） to CHO-hml-5R were 40.22±3.23, 24.53±4.11, 29.65±2.65, 25.41±2.46, 32.78±4.81 pmol/mg·protein, respectively. Kd values of [^3H]-NMS to muscarinic receptors M1 to M5 were 0.97±0.22, 1.16±0.14, 0.99±0.06, 0.56±0.08, 1.12±0.06 nM, respectively. R-（-）-DM- phencynonate hydrochloride was found to block the M4 receptor with a much higher potency （pD2 = 7.48） than those displayed on M1 （pD2 = 6.20）, M2 （pD2 = 5.99）, M3 （pD2 = 5.99） and M5 （pD2 = 6.70） subtypes. However, for （±）-DM-phencynonate hydrochloride, no significant subtype receptor selectivity was found. Both （±）-DM- and R-（-）-DM-phencynonate hydrochloride showed allosteric effects on muscarinic receptors, the Hill coefficient （nH） of five receptor subtypes was less than 1, respectively. The results revealed that R-（-）-DM-phencynonate hydrochloride showed selectivity torwards M4 subtype, and there were allosteric effects for both R-（-）-DM-phencynonate hydrochloride and （±）-DM-phencynonate hydrochloride on muscarinic receptors.
文摘Two multicapillary coluumns(SE 30 and Carbowax 20M)were used for high speed GC separation of positional isomers of industrial chemicals The performances of the two multicapillary columns were also evaluated,such as the effects of carrier velocity,column temperature and sample capacity Two typical explosive isomers(DNT and TNT)were well separated on SE 30 multicapillary column,while some important chemicals(e g xylenes,xylenols)were separated on Carbowax 20M multicapillary column at high speed The multimulticapillary column shows the feature of fast analysis,relatively lower column temperature and larger sample capacity
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (No. 70433001)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. KZCX2-YW-422, 324)
文摘A field survey was conducted in a contaminated industrial site of southern Beijing, China to investigate the contents and distribution of the organochlorine pesticides （α-, β-, y-, δ-HCH, p,p＇-DDT, p,p＇-DDE, p,p＇-DDD and o,p＇-DDT） in the profiles of soil, and a health risk assessment was carded out with CalTOX multimedia exposure model. Results showed that mean concentrations of total hexachlorocyclohexane isomers （HCHs） and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane isomers （DDXs） in soils were in the range of 13.20- 148.71 mg/kg, and 3.02-67.43 mg/kg, respectively. Organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） content peaked in the surface and declined in soil profile with depth. The amounts of HCHs in three profiles of soil were larger than DDXs. Composition analysis indicated that there was a trend of degradation of OCPs in the site, but the mean of HCHs and DDXs concentration were over the state warning standard limit （HCHs, 0.50 mg/kg; DDXs, 0.50 mg/kg）. According to current land use development, health risk assessment with CalTOX and Monte Carlo analysis showed that health risks mainly came from two exposure pathways： dermal uptake and inhalation, and the total risk values all exceeded the general acceptable health risk value （10-6）. The sensitivity analysis indicated that five parameters significantly contributed to total risk.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21676133)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2014J01051)
文摘In the present paper, a metal–organic framework Cr-BDC was prepared and used as adsorbent for adsorption of o-nitrophenol(ONP) and p-nitrophenol(PNP) from aqueous solutions. Cr-BDC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and BET methods. The results indicate that Cr-BDC gets a very large specific surface area of 4128 m^2·g^(-1)and pore sizes are concentrated in 1 nm, which is a benefit for using for wastewater treatment. The influences of the adsorption conditions, such as temperature,solution concentration, adsorption time and reusability on adsorption performance were investigated. Cr-BDC exhibited an encouraging uptake capacity of 310.0 mg·g^(-1)for ONP, and adsorption capacity of Cr-BDC for ONP is significantly higher than that for PNP under suitable adsorption conditions. The characterizations of adsorption process were examined with the Lagergren pseudo-first-order, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the intra-particular diffusion model. Kinetics experiments indicated that the pseudo-second-order model displayed the best correlation with adsorption kinetics data. Furthermore, our adsorption equilibrium data could be better described by the Freundlich equation. The results indicate that the as-prepared Cr-BDC is promising for use as an effective and economical adsorbent for ONP removal.
