There is abundant evidence that parasitoids manipulate their hosts by envenomation to support the development and survival of their progeny before oviposition.However,the specific mechanism underlying host nutritional...There is abundant evidence that parasitoids manipulate their hosts by envenomation to support the development and survival of their progeny before oviposition.However,the specific mechanism underlying host nutritional manipulation remains largely unclear.To gain a more comprehensive insight into the effects induced by the gregarious ectoparasitoid Iseropus kuwanae(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae)on the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)larvae,we sequenced the transcriptome of both non-envenomed and envenomed G.mellonella larvae,specifically targeting genes related to lipid metabolism.The present study revealed that 202 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified and 9 DEGs were involved in lipid metabolism.The expression levels of these 9 DEGs relied on envenomation and the duration post-envenomation.Further,envenomation by I.kuwanae induced an increase in triglyceride(TG)level in the hemolymph of G.mellonella larvae.Furthermore,silencing GmPLA_(2) in G.mellonella larvae 24 h post-envenomation significantly decreased the content of 4 unsaturated fatty acids and TG levels in the hemolymph.The content of linoleic acid andα-linoleic acid were significantly decreased and the content of oleic acid was significantly increased by exogenous supplement of arachidonic acid.Meanwhile,the reduction in host lipid levels impairs the growth and development of wasp offspring.The present study provides valuable knowledge about the molecular mechanism of the nutritional interaction between parasitoids and their hosts and sheds light on the coevolution between parasitoids and host insects.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program(Modern Agriculture)of Zhenjiang City(NY2022005)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province(year of 2021)the Earmarked Fund for CARS-18,and the Postgraduate Research&Scientific Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX23_2232).
文摘There is abundant evidence that parasitoids manipulate their hosts by envenomation to support the development and survival of their progeny before oviposition.However,the specific mechanism underlying host nutritional manipulation remains largely unclear.To gain a more comprehensive insight into the effects induced by the gregarious ectoparasitoid Iseropus kuwanae(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae)on the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)larvae,we sequenced the transcriptome of both non-envenomed and envenomed G.mellonella larvae,specifically targeting genes related to lipid metabolism.The present study revealed that 202 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified and 9 DEGs were involved in lipid metabolism.The expression levels of these 9 DEGs relied on envenomation and the duration post-envenomation.Further,envenomation by I.kuwanae induced an increase in triglyceride(TG)level in the hemolymph of G.mellonella larvae.Furthermore,silencing GmPLA_(2) in G.mellonella larvae 24 h post-envenomation significantly decreased the content of 4 unsaturated fatty acids and TG levels in the hemolymph.The content of linoleic acid andα-linoleic acid were significantly decreased and the content of oleic acid was significantly increased by exogenous supplement of arachidonic acid.Meanwhile,the reduction in host lipid levels impairs the growth and development of wasp offspring.The present study provides valuable knowledge about the molecular mechanism of the nutritional interaction between parasitoids and their hosts and sheds light on the coevolution between parasitoids and host insects.
