Enhancing A.bisporus L.culture media with nanomaterials and some biostimulants is important for in improving mushroom productivity quantitatively and qualitatively.Magnetic iron nanoparticles(N-FeO),carbon nanotube(CN...Enhancing A.bisporus L.culture media with nanomaterials and some biostimulants is important for in improving mushroom productivity quantitatively and qualitatively.Magnetic iron nanoparticles(N-FeO),carbon nanotube(CNTs)suspensions,effective microorganisms(EM)bio-fertilisers,and growth stimulants(Atonik)were used individually and in combination to enhance the compost culture media.Quantitative and qualitative traits of the mushroom yield were measured.In a simple oOne-Wway experiment that included 16 treatments—Ssingle agents,two-,three-,and four-way Ccombinations and three replications—,the statistical analysis results of Duncan’'s test showed.Tthat the individual impact of the applied study treatments and their combined synergistic effects resulted in a significant increase in the traits of the number of fruiting bodies,fruiting body rate,yield quantity,mushroom biological efficiency ratio,stem length,stem diameter,head diameter,head thickness,carbohydrates content,protein content,ash,and dry matter.The application of Atonik itself resulted in the highest values of fruiting body number,yield,biological efficiency,and stem length,which were respectively were 128.33 body bags^(-1),2814 g bag-1,37.52%,and 3.03 cm,compared to the control of 32.33 body bags^(-1),749 g bag-1,9.98%,and 1.72 cm.The treatments NFeO+CNT+EM+ATO resulted in a significant increase in the traits of the fruiting body rate,stem length,and carbohydrate content by 32.69 g,3.40 cm,and 16.78%,respectively,compared to the control of 22.97 g,1.72 cm,and 8.16%,respectively.展开更多
The edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus L.plays a crucial ecological role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition,alongside its increasing importance in the food and nutrition industry.This study explored e...The edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus L.plays a crucial ecological role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition,alongside its increasing importance in the food and nutrition industry.This study explored ecological interventions to enhance the mushroom’s vitamin content by enriching its cultivation substrate with nanomaterials and biostimulatory agents.The experiment was conducted within the mushroom production project at Al-Qadisiyah Governorate,Iraq.The compost-based medium was amended with magnetic iron nanoparticles(N-FeO),carbon nanotube(CNT)suspensions,EM biofertilizer,and Atonik growth stimulant.Their ecological impact on the enrichment of fat-soluble(A,D,E)and water-soluble(B2,B3,B5,B6)vitamins in mushrooms was assessed.The study employed a Completely Randomized Design(CRD)with three replicates.Results revealed that the synergistic application of these eco-friendly treatments significantly enhanced the vitamin profiles of A.bisporus.The highest concentrations of vitamins B2 and B5(5.16 and 17.70 mg kg^(-1),respectively)and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1))were recorded under the combined quadruple treatment.Additionally,the triple treatment(N-FeO+EM+Atonik)notably increased levels of vitamins B2(4.47 mg kg^(-1)),B6(25.66 mg kg^(-1)),D(34.76 mg kg^(-1)),and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1)).Dual treatments(EM+Atonik)also significantly improved vitamin B2(4.54 mg kg^(-1))and vitamin E(3.30 mg kg^(-1))contents.These findings demonstrate that integrating nanomaterials and biostimulants can serve as an ecological strategy to improve the nutritional quality of mushrooms while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, is known for its toxicity and ability to accumulate in the environment. In India endosulfan was banned only in 2011 and hence toxic residues are still persistent in the environ...Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, is known for its toxicity and ability to accumulate in the environment. In India endosulfan was banned only in 2011 and hence toxic residues are still persistent in the environment. The abilities of three plant species Chittaratha (Alpinia calcarata), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) to remove endosulfan from soil in the absence and presence of zerovalent iron nanoparticles (nZVIs) (1000 mg/Kg of soil), i.e., by phytoremediation and nano-phytoremediation, were determined. Extracted soil samples from the experimental plot were analyzed using Gas Chromatograph with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) and final dehalogenated product was confirmed by Mass Spectrometer (MS). A. calcarata had the best efficiency compared to the other two plant species and the efficiency decreased in the order A. calcarata > O. sanctum> C. citrates. The initial endosulfan removal rate was high (82% was removed within 7 days) when nano phytoremediation experiments were conducted with A. calcarata but then gradually decreased, probably because the activity of nZVI decreased over time. The nZVI endosulfan degradation mechanism appears to involve hydrogenolysis and sequential dehalogenation which was confirmed by GC-MS analysis. Only small amounts of endosulfan were accumulated in the plants because the added nZVIs might have promoted the reductive dechlorination of endosulfan.展开更多
Carbon encapsulated iron nanoparticles （CEINPs） with very thin shells and good core-shell structures were prepared by DC arc discharge at argon intake temperature （AIT） of 800 ℃. The results of high resolution tr...Carbon encapsulated iron nanoparticles （CEINPs） with very thin shells and good core-shell structures were prepared by DC arc discharge at argon intake temperature （AIT） of 800 ℃. The results of high resolution transmission electron microscope （HRTEM）, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） spectroscope, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope （XPS） characterizations on the product B show that the thickness of the carbon shells of CEINPs in the product B is in the range of ca. 0.5-5.3 nm, i. e., which can be as thin as only two layers of graphite. The average diameter of the CEINPs is about 24. 7 nm. The total content of Fe element in the product B is 77.0 wt%. The saturation magnetization （Ms） and coercivity （Hc） of the product B are 107.4 emu/g and 143 Oe. resnectivelv. The formation of the CEINPs in the oroduct B is discussed briefly.展开更多
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(usSPIONs)are promising alternatives to gadolinium‐based contrast agents for positive contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Unlike larger SPIONs ...Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(usSPIONs)are promising alternatives to gadolinium‐based contrast agents for positive contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Unlike larger SPIONs that primarily function as T2/T2*negative contrast agents,usSPIONs with core diameters below 5 nm can effectively shorten T1 relaxation times,producing bright signals in T1‐weighted images.This distinct behavior stems from their unique magnetic properties,including single‐domain configurations,surface spin canting,and rapid Néel relaxation dynamics,which are particularly enhanced at low magnetic field strengths.The biocompatibility of iron oxide,efficient renal clearance pathways,and versatility for surface functionalization offer potential advantages over gadolinium‐based agents,especially regarding safety concerns related to nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and gadolinium deposition.These nanoparticles show particular promise for applications in lowfield MRI,vascular imaging,targeted molecular imaging,and theranostic platforms.Although challenges remain in optimizing synthesis methods for consistent production of monodisperse usSPIONs with tailored surface chemistry,ongoing research continues to advance their potential for clinical translation.This review explores the mechanisms,synthesis approaches,applications,and future perspectives of usSPIONs as positive contrast agents in MRI.展开更多
Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation is an effective and promising approach for treating various systemic and diffuse diseases.However,the biological characteristics of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells in hu...Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation is an effective and promising approach for treating various systemic and diffuse diseases.However,the biological characteristics of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells in humans remain unclear,including cell viability,distribution,migration,and fate.Conventional cell tracing methods cannot be used in the clinic.The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents allows for the observation of transplanted cells using magnetic resonance imaging.In 2016,the National Medical Products Administration of China approved a new superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle,Ruicun,for use as a contrast agent in clinical trials.In the present study,an acute hemi-transection spinal cord injury model was established in beagle dogs.The injury was then treated by transplantation of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells.The results indicated that Ruicunlabeled mesenchymal stromal cells repaired damaged spinal cord fibers and partially restored neurological function in animals with acute spinal cord injury.T2*-weighted imaging revealed low signal areas on both sides of the injured spinal cord.The results of quantitative susceptibility mapping with ultrashort echo time sequences indicated that Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells persisted stably within the injured spinal cord for over 4 weeks.These findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to effectively track the migration of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells and assess their ability to repair spinal cord injury.展开更多
The undesirable shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides seriously result in low sulfur utilization and poor capacity retention.Here,an integrated strategy is proposed by rational designing multifunc...The undesirable shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides seriously result in low sulfur utilization and poor capacity retention.Here,an integrated strategy is proposed by rational designing multifunctional architecture to manipulate the redox kinetics of polysulfides,specifically,by employing iron atoms(Fe-As)and iron-species nanoparticles(Fe-NPs)co-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube(Fe-NCNT)as catalyst and host for sulfur.The synergistic cooperation of Fe-As and Fe-NPs provides efficient active sites to facilitate the diffusion,strengthen the affinities,and promote the conversion reactions for polysulfides.Furthermore,the NCNT not only offers practical Li+transport pathways but also immobilize the polysulfides effectively.Benefiting from these merits,the Fe-NCNT/S electrodes exhibit high initial specific capacity of 1502.6 mAh/g at 0.1 C,outstanding rate performance(830 mAh/g at 2 C),and good cycling performance(597.8 mAh/g after 500 cycles with an ultralow capacity fading rate of 0.069%per cycle).This work features the distinct interaction of iron atom-nanoparticles on facilitating immobilization-diffusion-transformation process of polysulfides,and it also expected to pave the way for the application in practical Li-S batteries.展开更多
Objective: Application of magnetic nanoparticles as gene carrier in gene therapy has developed quickly. This study was designed to investigate the preparation of superparamagnetic dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticl...Objective: Application of magnetic nanoparticles as gene carrier in gene therapy has developed quickly. This study was designed to investigate the preparation of superparamagnetic dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (SDION) and the feasibility of SDION used as a novel gene carrier for plasmid DNA in vitro. Methods: SDION were prepared by chemical coprecipitation and separated by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300HR, characterized by TEM, laser scattering system and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer Signal Processor. The green fluorescent protein (pGFP-C2) plasmid DNA was used as target gene. SDION-pGFP-C2 conjugate compounds were produced by means of oxidoreduction reaction. The connection ratio of SDION and pGFP-C2 DNA was analyzed and evaluated by agarose electrophoresis and the concentration of pGFP-C2 in supernatant was measured. Using liposome as control, the transfection efficiency of SDION and liposome was respectively evaluated under fluorescence microscope in vitro. Results: The diameter of SDION ranges from 3 nm to 8 nm, the effective diameter was 59.2 nm and the saturation magnetization was 0.23 emu/g. After SDION were reasonably oxidized, SDION could connect with pGFP-C2 to a high degree. The transfection efficiency of SDION as gene carrier was higher than that of liposome. Conclusion: The successes in connecting SDION with pGFP-C2 plasmid by means of oxidoreduction reaction and in transferring pGFP-C2 gene into human bladder cancer BIU-87 cells in vitro provided the experimental evidence for the feasibility of SDION used as a novel gene carrier.展开更多
This study describes a new effective adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution synthesized by coating a shellac layer, a natural biodegradable and renewable resin with abundant hydroxyl and carboxylic groups...This study describes a new effective adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution synthesized by coating a shellac layer, a natural biodegradable and renewable resin with abundant hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM） imaging showed shellac-coated magnetic nanoparticle （SCMN） adsorbents had a core-shell structure with a core of 20 nm and shell of 5 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis suggested the occurrence of reaction between carboxyl groups on the SCMN adsorbent surface and cadmium ions in aqueous solution. Kinetic data were well described by pseudo second-order model and adsorption isotherms were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich models with maximum adsorption capacity of 18.80 mg]g. SCMN adsorbents provided a favorable adsorption capacity under high salinity conditions, and cadmium could easily be desorbed using mild organic acid solutions at low concentration.展开更多
The feature of the surface coating can affect important properties of iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs), it is therefore critical for further understanding how these materials react to physiological conditions, which is...The feature of the surface coating can affect important properties of iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs), it is therefore critical for further understanding how these materials react to physiological conditions, which is still needed to fully exploit the potential of IONPs for their theranostic applications. In this work, we prepared IONPs which surface were modified with citric acid(CA), chitosan(CS) and folic acid conjugated chitosan(FA-g-CS). respectively. Their physicochemical properties were investigated using FT-IR, TEM,powder XRD, VSM, TGA, DLS and zeta potential. We found that CA-IONP dispersion was composed of monocrystalline particles while CS-IONP and FA-g-CS-IONP were composed of polycrystalline aggregates. All IONPs retained the crystalline structure of magnetite and exhibited the superparamagnetic behavior. Their saturation magnetization decreased with the increase in the amount of their organic coatings. Their drug loading capacities, drug release patterns and in vitro anticancer efficiencies were studied by using doxorubicin(DOX) as a model drug. DOX@CS-IONP and DOX@FA-g-CSIONP exhibited lower drug loading while showing higher water dispersity when compared with DOX@CA-IONP. All IONPs were surface charged and they tended to agglomerate in medium with high pH value and ionic strength. In the presence of chitosan or FA-g-CS coatings, their DOX release rate was slowed down compared with that of DOX@CA-IONP. Unloaded IONPs exhibited nearly no cytotoxicity on both cancer cells and normal cells in the presence of chitosan and FA-g-CS when compared with CA-IONP which presented high cytotoxicity. However, DOX@FA-g-CS-IONP showed significantly cytotoxicity on folate receptors(FRs) positive breast cancer cells while exhibiting nearly no cytotoxicity on FRs negative normal cells. Results presented in this study were valuable to the design and fabrication of IONPs-based system for better theranostic applications.展开更多
Cell labeling with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs)is increasingly a routine approach in the cellbased cancer treatment.However,cell labeling with magnetic IONPs and their leading effects on the biological pro...Cell labeling with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs)is increasingly a routine approach in the cellbased cancer treatment.However,cell labeling with magnetic IONPs and their leading effects on the biological properties of human lung carcinoma cells remain scarcely reported.Therefore,in the present study the magnetic c-Fe2O3nanoparticles(MNPs)were firstly synthesized and surface-modified with cationic poly-L-lysine(PLL)to construct the PLL-MNPs,which were then used to magnetically label human A549 lung cancer cells.Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated with propidium iodide/fluorescein diacetate double staining and standard 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-diphenyl-tetrazolium)bromide assay,and the cytoskeleton was immunocytochemically stained.The cell cycle of the PLL-MNPlabeled A549 lung cancer cells was analyzed using flow cytometry.Apoptotic cells were fluorescently analyzed with nuclear-specific staining after the PLL-MNP labeling.The results showed that the constructed PLL-MNPs efficiently magnetically labeled A549 lung cancer cells and that,at low concentrations,labeling did not affect cellular viability,proliferation capability,cell cycle,and apoptosis.Furthermore,the cytoskeleton in the treated cells was detected intact in comparison with the untreated counterparts.However,the results also showed that at high concentration(400 lg m L-1),the PLL-MNPs would slightly impair cell viability,proliferation,cell cycle,and apoptosis and disrupt the cytoskeleton in the treated A549 lung cancer cells.Therefore,the present results indicated that the PLL-MNPs at adequate concentrations can be efficiently used for labeling A549 lung cancer cells and could be considered as a feasible approach for magnetic targeted anti-cancer drug/gene delivery,targeted diagnosis,and therapy in lung cancer treatment.展开更多
The high chromium cast irons （HCCIs） with rare earth （RE） nanoparticles or inoculants were fabricated in the casting process. The phase compositions and microstructure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） an...The high chromium cast irons （HCCIs） with rare earth （RE） nanoparticles or inoculants were fabricated in the casting process. The phase compositions and microstructure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and optical microscopy （OM）, respectively. The hardness and impact toughness were tested by Rockwel-hardmeter and impacting test enginery. And then, the morphology of fracture was researched by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results demonstrated that the phase compositions of HCCIs with addition of RE nanoparticles or inoculants which were M7C3 carbides ＋ α-Fe did not change obviously. However, the prime M7C3 carbides morphology had great changes with the increase of RE nanoparticles, which changed from long lath to granular or island shape. When the content of RE nanoparticles was 0.4 wt.%, the microstructure of high chromium cast iron was refined greatly. The microstructure of carbides was coarser when the addition of RE nanoparticles was higher than 0.4 wt.%. The hardness and impact toughness of HCCIs were improved by addition of RE nanoparticles or inoculants. The impact toughness of HCCIs was increased 36.4% with RE nanoparticles of 0.4 wt.%, but the hardness changed slightly. In addition, the adding of RE nanoparticles or inoculants could reduce the degree of the brittle fracture. Fracture never seemed regular, instead, containing lots of laminates and dimples with the increase of the RE nanoparticles. The results also indicated that the optimal addition amount of the RE nanoparticles was 0.4%, under this composition, the microstructure and mechanical property achieved the best cooperation. In addition, through the study of erosion wear rate, when adding 0.4% RE nanoparticles into the HCCIs, the erosion wear rate got the minimum 0.32×10-3 g/mm2, which could increase 51.5% compared with that without any RE nanoparticles.展开更多
Summary: To evaluate the feasibility of using polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (polyMAG-1000) as gene vectors. The surface characteristics of the nanoparticles were observed with scanni...Summary: To evaluate the feasibility of using polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (polyMAG-1000) as gene vectors. The surface characteristics of the nanoparticles were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The ability of the nanoparticles to combine with and protect DNA was investigated at different PH values after polyMAG-1000 and DNA were combined in different ratios. The nanoparticles were tested as gene vectors with in vitro transfection models. Under the scanning electron microscope the nanoparticles were about 100 nm in diameter. The nanoparticles could bind and condense DNA under acid, neutral and alkaline conditions, and they could transfer genes into cells and express green fluorescent proteins (GFP). The transfection efficiency was highest (51 %) when the ratio of nanoparticles to DNA was 1:1 (v:w). In that ratio, the difference in transfection efficiency was marked depending on whether a magnetic field was present or not: about 10 % when it was absent but 51 % when it was present. The magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with PEI may potentially be used as gene vectors.展开更多
Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)play an important role in tumor development and progression.In particular,M2 TAMs can promote tumor growth by facilitating tumor progression and malignant behaviors.Selectively target...Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)play an important role in tumor development and progression.In particular,M2 TAMs can promote tumor growth by facilitating tumor progression and malignant behaviors.Selectively targeted elimination of M2 TAMs to inhibit tumor progression is of great significance for cancer treatment.Iron oxide nanoparticles based magnetic hyperthermia therapy(MHT)is a classical approach to destroy tumor tissue with deep penetration depth.In this study,we developed a typical M2 macrophage-targeted peptide(M2pep)functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle(SPIO)for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-guided MHT in an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model.The obtained multifunctional SPIO-M2pep with a hydrodynamic diameter of 20 nm showed efficient targeting capability,high transverse relaxivity(149 mM^(-1) s^(-1))and satisfactory magnetic hyperthermia performance in vitro.In vivo studies demonstrated that the SPIO-M2pep based MRI can monitor the distribution of nanoparticles in tumor and indicate the suitable timing for MHT.The M2 macrophage-targeted MHT significantly reduced the tumor volume and the population of pro-tumoral M2 TAMs in tumor.In addition,the SPIO-M2pep based MHT can remodel the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME).The multifunctional SPIO-M2pep with M2 macrophage-targeting ability,high magnetic hyperthermia efficiency,MR imaging capability and effective role in remodeling the TIME hold great potential to improve clinical cancer therapy outcomes.展开更多
The exploitation of different plant materials for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered a green technology because it does not involve any harmful chemicals. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles（Fe3O4-NP...The exploitation of different plant materials for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered a green technology because it does not involve any harmful chemicals. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles（Fe3O4-NPs） were synthesized using a completely green biosynthetic method by reduction of ferric chloride solution using brown seaweed water extracts. The two seaweeds Padina pavonica（Linnaeus） Thivy and Sargassum acinarium（Linnaeus） Setchell 1933 were used in this study. The algae extract was used as a reductant of Fe Cl3 resulting in the phytosynthesis of Fe3O4-NPs. The phytogenic Fe3O4-NPs were characterized by surface plasmon band observed close to 402 nm and 415 nm; the obtained Fe3O4-NPs are in the particle sizes ranged from 10 to 19.5 nm and 21.6 to 27.4 nm for P. pavonica and S. acinarium, respectively. The strong signals of iron were reported in their corresponding EDX spectra. FTIR analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides are the main biomolecules in the algae extracts that do dual function of reducing the Fe Cl3 and stabilizing the phytogenic Fe3O4-NPs. The biosynthesized Fe3O4-NPs were entrapped in calcium alginates beads and used in Pb adsorption experiments. The biosynthesized Fe3O4-NPs alginate beads via P. pavonica（Linnaeus） Thivy had high capacity for bioremoval of Pb（91%） while that of S. acinarium（Linnaeus） Setchell 1933 had a capacity of（78%） after 75 min.The values of the process parameters for the maximum Pb removal efficiency by Fe3O4-NPs alginate beads synthesized via P. pavonica（Linnaeus） Thivy were also estimated.展开更多
Theranostics, combining therapy and diagnosis, is an appealing approach for chemotherapy. In the present study, we selected paclitaxel （PTX） as a therapeutic agent, super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （SPIO...Theranostics, combining therapy and diagnosis, is an appealing approach for chemotherapy. In the present study, we selected paclitaxel （PTX） as a therapeutic agent, super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （SPIO） as a diagnostic agent and sterically stabilized liposomes as a carrier to prepare theranostic liposomes. The SPIO were prepared and characterized. Moreover, the sterically stabilized liposomes containing PTX and SPIO （PTX/SPIO-SSL） were prepared. The characteristics of PTX/SPIO-SSL were investigated. The results indicated that prepared SPIO exhibited super-paramagnetic and could be used for MRI. The average particle size of PTX/SPIO-SSL was about 170 rim, with a polydispersity index （PDI） less than 0.3. The zeta potential of PTX/SPIO-SSL was negative. The PTX entrapment efficiency of PTX/SPIO-SSL was more than 98%. The TEM results indicated the spherical structure and dense SPIO content in PTX/SPIO-SSL. The in vitro release of PTX from PTX/SPIO-SSL and PTX-SSL was almost identical at both pH 6.8 and 7.4. In conclusion, the PTX/SPIO-SSL were prepared and characterized in vitro. The anti-tumor and diagnostic activity of PTX/SPIO-SSL should be investigated deeply in future study.展开更多
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （SPIONs） are one of the most versatile and safe nanoparticles in a wide variety of biomedical applications. In the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to inve...Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （SPIONs） are one of the most versatile and safe nanoparticles in a wide variety of biomedical applications. In the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to investigate the potential adverse biological effects and safety issues associated with SPIONs, which is essential for the development of next-generation SPIONs and for continued progress in translational research. In this mini review, we summarize recent developments in toxicity studies on SPIONs, focusing on the relationship between the physicochemical properties of SPIONs and their induced toxic biological responses for a better toxicological understanding of SPIONs.展开更多
Iron oxide nanoparticles（FeOx NPs, 5–30 nm size） prepared via laser ablation in liquid were supported onto Indium Tin Oxide conductive glass slides by magnetophoretic deposition（MD） technique. The resulting Fe O ...Iron oxide nanoparticles（FeOx NPs, 5–30 nm size） prepared via laser ablation in liquid were supported onto Indium Tin Oxide conductive glass slides by magnetophoretic deposition（MD） technique. The resulting Fe O x@ITO electrodes are characterized by a low amount of iron coverage of 16–50 nmol/cm^2,and show electrocatalytic activity towards water oxidation in neutral phosphate buffer pH 7 with 0.58 V overpotential and quantitative Faradaic efficiency towards oxygen production. XPS analysis on the oxygen region of the FeOx films reveals a substantial hydration of the surface after catalysis, recognized as a crucial step to access reactivity.展开更多
Antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles, an employing B. aegyptiaca oil (L.) Del., was used as natural stabilizer by modifying a co-precipitation method. In this work, we chose B. aegyptiaca oil as the new ...Antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles, an employing B. aegyptiaca oil (L.) Del., was used as natural stabilizer by modifying a co-precipitation method. In this work, we chose B. aegyptiaca oil as the new surfactant coating agent, and synthesized B. aegyptiaca oil coating with iron oxide nanoparticles which were characterized with a variety of methods, including Gas Chromatography (GC) to determine the fatty acids composition of the seeds oil, Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Powder Diffractometer (XRD) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). In antibacterial studies, disk diffusion susceptibility test was used to measure efficacy of iron oxide nanoparticles against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) in terms of zone inhibition. The B. aegyptiaca coated on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles;its particle size was found to be nanoscale below 50 nm, and the magnetization (<sup><sup></sup>δ</sup>s) was 16.975 emu g<sup>-1</sup>. Antibacterial activity was measured. Efficacy of iron oxide nanoparticles against bacterial strains was found in Escherichia coli (E. coli). All these findings suggest that the nanoparticles synthesized from B. aegyptiaca oil may be a promising reagent for a wide variety of applications in biological fields as well as in nanomedicine.展开更多
文摘Enhancing A.bisporus L.culture media with nanomaterials and some biostimulants is important for in improving mushroom productivity quantitatively and qualitatively.Magnetic iron nanoparticles(N-FeO),carbon nanotube(CNTs)suspensions,effective microorganisms(EM)bio-fertilisers,and growth stimulants(Atonik)were used individually and in combination to enhance the compost culture media.Quantitative and qualitative traits of the mushroom yield were measured.In a simple oOne-Wway experiment that included 16 treatments—Ssingle agents,two-,three-,and four-way Ccombinations and three replications—,the statistical analysis results of Duncan’'s test showed.Tthat the individual impact of the applied study treatments and their combined synergistic effects resulted in a significant increase in the traits of the number of fruiting bodies,fruiting body rate,yield quantity,mushroom biological efficiency ratio,stem length,stem diameter,head diameter,head thickness,carbohydrates content,protein content,ash,and dry matter.The application of Atonik itself resulted in the highest values of fruiting body number,yield,biological efficiency,and stem length,which were respectively were 128.33 body bags^(-1),2814 g bag-1,37.52%,and 3.03 cm,compared to the control of 32.33 body bags^(-1),749 g bag-1,9.98%,and 1.72 cm.The treatments NFeO+CNT+EM+ATO resulted in a significant increase in the traits of the fruiting body rate,stem length,and carbohydrate content by 32.69 g,3.40 cm,and 16.78%,respectively,compared to the control of 22.97 g,1.72 cm,and 8.16%,respectively.
文摘The edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus L.plays a crucial ecological role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition,alongside its increasing importance in the food and nutrition industry.This study explored ecological interventions to enhance the mushroom’s vitamin content by enriching its cultivation substrate with nanomaterials and biostimulatory agents.The experiment was conducted within the mushroom production project at Al-Qadisiyah Governorate,Iraq.The compost-based medium was amended with magnetic iron nanoparticles(N-FeO),carbon nanotube(CNT)suspensions,EM biofertilizer,and Atonik growth stimulant.Their ecological impact on the enrichment of fat-soluble(A,D,E)and water-soluble(B2,B3,B5,B6)vitamins in mushrooms was assessed.The study employed a Completely Randomized Design(CRD)with three replicates.Results revealed that the synergistic application of these eco-friendly treatments significantly enhanced the vitamin profiles of A.bisporus.The highest concentrations of vitamins B2 and B5(5.16 and 17.70 mg kg^(-1),respectively)and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1))were recorded under the combined quadruple treatment.Additionally,the triple treatment(N-FeO+EM+Atonik)notably increased levels of vitamins B2(4.47 mg kg^(-1)),B6(25.66 mg kg^(-1)),D(34.76 mg kg^(-1)),and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1)).Dual treatments(EM+Atonik)also significantly improved vitamin B2(4.54 mg kg^(-1))and vitamin E(3.30 mg kg^(-1))contents.These findings demonstrate that integrating nanomaterials and biostimulants can serve as an ecological strategy to improve the nutritional quality of mushrooms while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
文摘Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, is known for its toxicity and ability to accumulate in the environment. In India endosulfan was banned only in 2011 and hence toxic residues are still persistent in the environment. The abilities of three plant species Chittaratha (Alpinia calcarata), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) to remove endosulfan from soil in the absence and presence of zerovalent iron nanoparticles (nZVIs) (1000 mg/Kg of soil), i.e., by phytoremediation and nano-phytoremediation, were determined. Extracted soil samples from the experimental plot were analyzed using Gas Chromatograph with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) and final dehalogenated product was confirmed by Mass Spectrometer (MS). A. calcarata had the best efficiency compared to the other two plant species and the efficiency decreased in the order A. calcarata > O. sanctum> C. citrates. The initial endosulfan removal rate was high (82% was removed within 7 days) when nano phytoremediation experiments were conducted with A. calcarata but then gradually decreased, probably because the activity of nZVI decreased over time. The nZVI endosulfan degradation mechanism appears to involve hydrogenolysis and sequential dehalogenation which was confirmed by GC-MS analysis. Only small amounts of endosulfan were accumulated in the plants because the added nZVIs might have promoted the reductive dechlorination of endosulfan.
文摘Carbon encapsulated iron nanoparticles （CEINPs） with very thin shells and good core-shell structures were prepared by DC arc discharge at argon intake temperature （AIT） of 800 ℃. The results of high resolution transmission electron microscope （HRTEM）, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） spectroscope, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope （XPS） characterizations on the product B show that the thickness of the carbon shells of CEINPs in the product B is in the range of ca. 0.5-5.3 nm, i. e., which can be as thin as only two layers of graphite. The average diameter of the CEINPs is about 24. 7 nm. The total content of Fe element in the product B is 77.0 wt%. The saturation magnetization （Ms） and coercivity （Hc） of the product B are 107.4 emu/g and 143 Oe. resnectivelv. The formation of the CEINPs in the oroduct B is discussed briefly.
文摘Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(usSPIONs)are promising alternatives to gadolinium‐based contrast agents for positive contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Unlike larger SPIONs that primarily function as T2/T2*negative contrast agents,usSPIONs with core diameters below 5 nm can effectively shorten T1 relaxation times,producing bright signals in T1‐weighted images.This distinct behavior stems from their unique magnetic properties,including single‐domain configurations,surface spin canting,and rapid Néel relaxation dynamics,which are particularly enhanced at low magnetic field strengths.The biocompatibility of iron oxide,efficient renal clearance pathways,and versatility for surface functionalization offer potential advantages over gadolinium‐based agents,especially regarding safety concerns related to nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and gadolinium deposition.These nanoparticles show particular promise for applications in lowfield MRI,vascular imaging,targeted molecular imaging,and theranostic platforms.Although challenges remain in optimizing synthesis methods for consistent production of monodisperse usSPIONs with tailored surface chemistry,ongoing research continues to advance their potential for clinical translation.This review explores the mechanisms,synthesis approaches,applications,and future perspectives of usSPIONs as positive contrast agents in MRI.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,Nos.2017YFA0104302(to NG and XM)and 2017YFA0104304(to BW and ZZ)
文摘Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation is an effective and promising approach for treating various systemic and diffuse diseases.However,the biological characteristics of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells in humans remain unclear,including cell viability,distribution,migration,and fate.Conventional cell tracing methods cannot be used in the clinic.The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents allows for the observation of transplanted cells using magnetic resonance imaging.In 2016,the National Medical Products Administration of China approved a new superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle,Ruicun,for use as a contrast agent in clinical trials.In the present study,an acute hemi-transection spinal cord injury model was established in beagle dogs.The injury was then treated by transplantation of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells.The results indicated that Ruicunlabeled mesenchymal stromal cells repaired damaged spinal cord fibers and partially restored neurological function in animals with acute spinal cord injury.T2*-weighted imaging revealed low signal areas on both sides of the injured spinal cord.The results of quantitative susceptibility mapping with ultrashort echo time sequences indicated that Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells persisted stably within the injured spinal cord for over 4 weeks.These findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to effectively track the migration of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells and assess their ability to repair spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22125902,U2032202,21975243 and 21825302)the National Program for Support of Topnotch Young Professionals,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2030020032)+1 种基金the DNL cooperation Fund,CAS(No.DNL202020)the Anhui Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2208085J15).
文摘The undesirable shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides seriously result in low sulfur utilization and poor capacity retention.Here,an integrated strategy is proposed by rational designing multifunctional architecture to manipulate the redox kinetics of polysulfides,specifically,by employing iron atoms(Fe-As)and iron-species nanoparticles(Fe-NPs)co-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube(Fe-NCNT)as catalyst and host for sulfur.The synergistic cooperation of Fe-As and Fe-NPs provides efficient active sites to facilitate the diffusion,strengthen the affinities,and promote the conversion reactions for polysulfides.Furthermore,the NCNT not only offers practical Li+transport pathways but also immobilize the polysulfides effectively.Benefiting from these merits,the Fe-NCNT/S electrodes exhibit high initial specific capacity of 1502.6 mAh/g at 0.1 C,outstanding rate performance(830 mAh/g at 2 C),and good cycling performance(597.8 mAh/g after 500 cycles with an ultralow capacity fading rate of 0.069%per cycle).This work features the distinct interaction of iron atom-nanoparticles on facilitating immobilization-diffusion-transformation process of polysulfides,and it also expected to pave the way for the application in practical Li-S batteries.
基金This project was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30271300).
文摘Objective: Application of magnetic nanoparticles as gene carrier in gene therapy has developed quickly. This study was designed to investigate the preparation of superparamagnetic dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (SDION) and the feasibility of SDION used as a novel gene carrier for plasmid DNA in vitro. Methods: SDION were prepared by chemical coprecipitation and separated by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300HR, characterized by TEM, laser scattering system and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer Signal Processor. The green fluorescent protein (pGFP-C2) plasmid DNA was used as target gene. SDION-pGFP-C2 conjugate compounds were produced by means of oxidoreduction reaction. The connection ratio of SDION and pGFP-C2 DNA was analyzed and evaluated by agarose electrophoresis and the concentration of pGFP-C2 in supernatant was measured. Using liposome as control, the transfection efficiency of SDION and liposome was respectively evaluated under fluorescence microscope in vitro. Results: The diameter of SDION ranges from 3 nm to 8 nm, the effective diameter was 59.2 nm and the saturation magnetization was 0.23 emu/g. After SDION were reasonably oxidized, SDION could connect with pGFP-C2 to a high degree. The transfection efficiency of SDION as gene carrier was higher than that of liposome. Conclusion: The successes in connecting SDION with pGFP-C2 plasmid by means of oxidoreduction reaction and in transferring pGFP-C2 gene into human bladder cancer BIU-87 cells in vitro provided the experimental evidence for the feasibility of SDION used as a novel gene carrier.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50808070, 51039001)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University from the Ministry of Education of China (No. NCET-09-0328)+4 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (No.20070410301, 200902468)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No. IRT0719)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 08JJ4006, 10JJ7005)the Xiangjiang Water Environmental Pollution Control Project subjected to the National Key Science and Technology Project for Water Environmental Pollution Control (No.2009ZX07212-001-02, 2009ZX07212-001-06)the Hunan Key Scientific Research Project (No. 2009FJ1010)
文摘This study describes a new effective adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution synthesized by coating a shellac layer, a natural biodegradable and renewable resin with abundant hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM） imaging showed shellac-coated magnetic nanoparticle （SCMN） adsorbents had a core-shell structure with a core of 20 nm and shell of 5 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis suggested the occurrence of reaction between carboxyl groups on the SCMN adsorbent surface and cadmium ions in aqueous solution. Kinetic data were well described by pseudo second-order model and adsorption isotherms were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich models with maximum adsorption capacity of 18.80 mg]g. SCMN adsorbents provided a favorable adsorption capacity under high salinity conditions, and cadmium could easily be desorbed using mild organic acid solutions at low concentration.
基金supported by the State Key Basic Research Program of the PRC(No.2014CB744501)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0205301)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61527806,61471168 and 61871180)Open Funding of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases(No.SKLOD2018OF02)
文摘The feature of the surface coating can affect important properties of iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs), it is therefore critical for further understanding how these materials react to physiological conditions, which is still needed to fully exploit the potential of IONPs for their theranostic applications. In this work, we prepared IONPs which surface were modified with citric acid(CA), chitosan(CS) and folic acid conjugated chitosan(FA-g-CS). respectively. Their physicochemical properties were investigated using FT-IR, TEM,powder XRD, VSM, TGA, DLS and zeta potential. We found that CA-IONP dispersion was composed of monocrystalline particles while CS-IONP and FA-g-CS-IONP were composed of polycrystalline aggregates. All IONPs retained the crystalline structure of magnetite and exhibited the superparamagnetic behavior. Their saturation magnetization decreased with the increase in the amount of their organic coatings. Their drug loading capacities, drug release patterns and in vitro anticancer efficiencies were studied by using doxorubicin(DOX) as a model drug. DOX@CS-IONP and DOX@FA-g-CSIONP exhibited lower drug loading while showing higher water dispersity when compared with DOX@CA-IONP. All IONPs were surface charged and they tended to agglomerate in medium with high pH value and ionic strength. In the presence of chitosan or FA-g-CS coatings, their DOX release rate was slowed down compared with that of DOX@CA-IONP. Unloaded IONPs exhibited nearly no cytotoxicity on both cancer cells and normal cells in the presence of chitosan and FA-g-CS when compared with CA-IONP which presented high cytotoxicity. However, DOX@FA-g-CS-IONP showed significantly cytotoxicity on folate receptors(FRs) positive breast cancer cells while exhibiting nearly no cytotoxicity on FRs negative normal cells. Results presented in this study were valuable to the design and fabrication of IONPs-based system for better theranostic applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.314 008 55)the Technological Innovation Incubator Program from Henan University of Technology(No.201 518)the Introduced Postdoctoral Talents of Henan University of Technology(No.150 199)
文摘Cell labeling with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs)is increasingly a routine approach in the cellbased cancer treatment.However,cell labeling with magnetic IONPs and their leading effects on the biological properties of human lung carcinoma cells remain scarcely reported.Therefore,in the present study the magnetic c-Fe2O3nanoparticles(MNPs)were firstly synthesized and surface-modified with cationic poly-L-lysine(PLL)to construct the PLL-MNPs,which were then used to magnetically label human A549 lung cancer cells.Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated with propidium iodide/fluorescein diacetate double staining and standard 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-diphenyl-tetrazolium)bromide assay,and the cytoskeleton was immunocytochemically stained.The cell cycle of the PLL-MNPlabeled A549 lung cancer cells was analyzed using flow cytometry.Apoptotic cells were fluorescently analyzed with nuclear-specific staining after the PLL-MNP labeling.The results showed that the constructed PLL-MNPs efficiently magnetically labeled A549 lung cancer cells and that,at low concentrations,labeling did not affect cellular viability,proliferation capability,cell cycle,and apoptosis.Furthermore,the cytoskeleton in the treated cells was detected intact in comparison with the untreated counterparts.However,the results also showed that at high concentration(400 lg m L-1),the PLL-MNPs would slightly impair cell viability,proliferation,cell cycle,and apoptosis and disrupt the cytoskeleton in the treated A549 lung cancer cells.Therefore,the present results indicated that the PLL-MNPs at adequate concentrations can be efficiently used for labeling A549 lung cancer cells and could be considered as a feasible approach for magnetic targeted anti-cancer drug/gene delivery,targeted diagnosis,and therapy in lung cancer treatment.
文摘The high chromium cast irons （HCCIs） with rare earth （RE） nanoparticles or inoculants were fabricated in the casting process. The phase compositions and microstructure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and optical microscopy （OM）, respectively. The hardness and impact toughness were tested by Rockwel-hardmeter and impacting test enginery. And then, the morphology of fracture was researched by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results demonstrated that the phase compositions of HCCIs with addition of RE nanoparticles or inoculants which were M7C3 carbides ＋ α-Fe did not change obviously. However, the prime M7C3 carbides morphology had great changes with the increase of RE nanoparticles, which changed from long lath to granular or island shape. When the content of RE nanoparticles was 0.4 wt.%, the microstructure of high chromium cast iron was refined greatly. The microstructure of carbides was coarser when the addition of RE nanoparticles was higher than 0.4 wt.%. The hardness and impact toughness of HCCIs were improved by addition of RE nanoparticles or inoculants. The impact toughness of HCCIs was increased 36.4% with RE nanoparticles of 0.4 wt.%, but the hardness changed slightly. In addition, the adding of RE nanoparticles or inoculants could reduce the degree of the brittle fracture. Fracture never seemed regular, instead, containing lots of laminates and dimples with the increase of the RE nanoparticles. The results also indicated that the optimal addition amount of the RE nanoparticles was 0.4%, under this composition, the microstructure and mechanical property achieved the best cooperation. In addition, through the study of erosion wear rate, when adding 0.4% RE nanoparticles into the HCCIs, the erosion wear rate got the minimum 0.32×10-3 g/mm2, which could increase 51.5% compared with that without any RE nanoparticles.
文摘Summary: To evaluate the feasibility of using polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (polyMAG-1000) as gene vectors. The surface characteristics of the nanoparticles were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The ability of the nanoparticles to combine with and protect DNA was investigated at different PH values after polyMAG-1000 and DNA were combined in different ratios. The nanoparticles were tested as gene vectors with in vitro transfection models. Under the scanning electron microscope the nanoparticles were about 100 nm in diameter. The nanoparticles could bind and condense DNA under acid, neutral and alkaline conditions, and they could transfer genes into cells and express green fluorescent proteins (GFP). The transfection efficiency was highest (51 %) when the ratio of nanoparticles to DNA was 1:1 (v:w). In that ratio, the difference in transfection efficiency was marked depending on whether a magnetic field was present or not: about 10 % when it was absent but 51 % when it was present. The magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with PEI may potentially be used as gene vectors.
基金This work was finicially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81627806,91859121,81701763 and 81671789)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M612098)+1 种基金the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.1808085QH249)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.WK2100230017 and WK2100000007)。
文摘Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)play an important role in tumor development and progression.In particular,M2 TAMs can promote tumor growth by facilitating tumor progression and malignant behaviors.Selectively targeted elimination of M2 TAMs to inhibit tumor progression is of great significance for cancer treatment.Iron oxide nanoparticles based magnetic hyperthermia therapy(MHT)is a classical approach to destroy tumor tissue with deep penetration depth.In this study,we developed a typical M2 macrophage-targeted peptide(M2pep)functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle(SPIO)for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-guided MHT in an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model.The obtained multifunctional SPIO-M2pep with a hydrodynamic diameter of 20 nm showed efficient targeting capability,high transverse relaxivity(149 mM^(-1) s^(-1))and satisfactory magnetic hyperthermia performance in vitro.In vivo studies demonstrated that the SPIO-M2pep based MRI can monitor the distribution of nanoparticles in tumor and indicate the suitable timing for MHT.The M2 macrophage-targeted MHT significantly reduced the tumor volume and the population of pro-tumoral M2 TAMs in tumor.In addition,the SPIO-M2pep based MHT can remodel the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME).The multifunctional SPIO-M2pep with M2 macrophage-targeting ability,high magnetic hyperthermia efficiency,MR imaging capability and effective role in remodeling the TIME hold great potential to improve clinical cancer therapy outcomes.
文摘The exploitation of different plant materials for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered a green technology because it does not involve any harmful chemicals. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles（Fe3O4-NPs） were synthesized using a completely green biosynthetic method by reduction of ferric chloride solution using brown seaweed water extracts. The two seaweeds Padina pavonica（Linnaeus） Thivy and Sargassum acinarium（Linnaeus） Setchell 1933 were used in this study. The algae extract was used as a reductant of Fe Cl3 resulting in the phytosynthesis of Fe3O4-NPs. The phytogenic Fe3O4-NPs were characterized by surface plasmon band observed close to 402 nm and 415 nm; the obtained Fe3O4-NPs are in the particle sizes ranged from 10 to 19.5 nm and 21.6 to 27.4 nm for P. pavonica and S. acinarium, respectively. The strong signals of iron were reported in their corresponding EDX spectra. FTIR analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides are the main biomolecules in the algae extracts that do dual function of reducing the Fe Cl3 and stabilizing the phytogenic Fe3O4-NPs. The biosynthesized Fe3O4-NPs were entrapped in calcium alginates beads and used in Pb adsorption experiments. The biosynthesized Fe3O4-NPs alginate beads via P. pavonica（Linnaeus） Thivy had high capacity for bioremoval of Pb（91%） while that of S. acinarium（Linnaeus） Setchell 1933 had a capacity of（78%） after 75 min.The values of the process parameters for the maximum Pb removal efficiency by Fe3O4-NPs alginate beads synthesized via P. pavonica（Linnaeus） Thivy were also estimated.
基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No.20120001110012)
文摘Theranostics, combining therapy and diagnosis, is an appealing approach for chemotherapy. In the present study, we selected paclitaxel （PTX） as a therapeutic agent, super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （SPIO） as a diagnostic agent and sterically stabilized liposomes as a carrier to prepare theranostic liposomes. The SPIO were prepared and characterized. Moreover, the sterically stabilized liposomes containing PTX and SPIO （PTX/SPIO-SSL） were prepared. The characteristics of PTX/SPIO-SSL were investigated. The results indicated that prepared SPIO exhibited super-paramagnetic and could be used for MRI. The average particle size of PTX/SPIO-SSL was about 170 rim, with a polydispersity index （PDI） less than 0.3. The zeta potential of PTX/SPIO-SSL was negative. The PTX entrapment efficiency of PTX/SPIO-SSL was more than 98%. The TEM results indicated the spherical structure and dense SPIO content in PTX/SPIO-SSL. The in vitro release of PTX from PTX/SPIO-SSL and PTX-SSL was almost identical at both pH 6.8 and 7.4. In conclusion, the PTX/SPIO-SSL were prepared and characterized in vitro. The anti-tumor and diagnostic activity of PTX/SPIO-SSL should be investigated deeply in future study.
基金Project supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2013CB733802 and 2014CB744503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81101101 and 51273165)+1 种基金the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(Grant No.212149)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.2013121039 and ZK1002)
文摘Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （SPIONs） are one of the most versatile and safe nanoparticles in a wide variety of biomedical applications. In the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to investigate the potential adverse biological effects and safety issues associated with SPIONs, which is essential for the development of next-generation SPIONs and for continued progress in translational research. In this mini review, we summarize recent developments in toxicity studies on SPIONs, focusing on the relationship between the physicochemical properties of SPIONs and their induced toxic biological responses for a better toxicological understanding of SPIONs.
基金supported by the Italian Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), (FIRB RBAP11C58Y, "Nano Solar" and PRIN 2010 "Hi-Phuture")COST action CM1205 "CARISMA: CAtalytic Rout Ines for Small Molecule Activation"
文摘Iron oxide nanoparticles（FeOx NPs, 5–30 nm size） prepared via laser ablation in liquid were supported onto Indium Tin Oxide conductive glass slides by magnetophoretic deposition（MD） technique. The resulting Fe O x@ITO electrodes are characterized by a low amount of iron coverage of 16–50 nmol/cm^2,and show electrocatalytic activity towards water oxidation in neutral phosphate buffer pH 7 with 0.58 V overpotential and quantitative Faradaic efficiency towards oxygen production. XPS analysis on the oxygen region of the FeOx films reveals a substantial hydration of the surface after catalysis, recognized as a crucial step to access reactivity.
文摘Antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles, an employing B. aegyptiaca oil (L.) Del., was used as natural stabilizer by modifying a co-precipitation method. In this work, we chose B. aegyptiaca oil as the new surfactant coating agent, and synthesized B. aegyptiaca oil coating with iron oxide nanoparticles which were characterized with a variety of methods, including Gas Chromatography (GC) to determine the fatty acids composition of the seeds oil, Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Powder Diffractometer (XRD) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). In antibacterial studies, disk diffusion susceptibility test was used to measure efficacy of iron oxide nanoparticles against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) in terms of zone inhibition. The B. aegyptiaca coated on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles;its particle size was found to be nanoscale below 50 nm, and the magnetization (<sup><sup></sup>δ</sup>s) was 16.975 emu g<sup>-1</sup>. Antibacterial activity was measured. Efficacy of iron oxide nanoparticles against bacterial strains was found in Escherichia coli (E. coli). All these findings suggest that the nanoparticles synthesized from B. aegyptiaca oil may be a promising reagent for a wide variety of applications in biological fields as well as in nanomedicine.
