A thermodynamic analysis of the carbothermic reduction of high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore（HPOIO） was conducted by the Fact Sage thermochemical software. The effects of temperature, C/O ratio, additive types, and do...A thermodynamic analysis of the carbothermic reduction of high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore（HPOIO） was conducted by the Fact Sage thermochemical software. The effects of temperature, C/O ratio, additive types, and dosages both on the reduction of fluorapatite and the formation of liquid slag were studied. The results show that the minimum thermodynamic reduction temperature of fluorapatite by carbon decreases to about 850°C, which is mainly ascribed to the presence of SiO_2, Al_2O_3, and Fe. The reduction rate of fluorapatite increases and the amount of liquid slag decreases with the rise of C/O ratio. The reduction of fluorapatite is hindered by the addition of CaO and Na_2CO_3, thereby allowing the selective reduction of iron oxides upon controlled C/O ratio. The thermodynamic results obtain in the present work are in good agreement with the experimental results available in the literatures.展开更多
The integrated steelmaking cycle based on the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace（BOF）route plays an important role in the production of plain and ultra-low carbon steel,especially for deep drawing operations.BOF ste...The integrated steelmaking cycle based on the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace（BOF）route plays an important role in the production of plain and ultra-low carbon steel,especially for deep drawing operations.BOF steelmaking is based on the conversion of cast iron in steel by impinging oxygen on the metal bath at supersonic speed.In order to avoid the addition of detrimental chemical elements owing to the introduction of uncontrolled scrap and in order to decrease environmental impact caused by the intensive use of coke for the production of cast iron,HBI（hot briquetted iron）can be used as a source of metal and a fraction of cast iron.Forty industrial experimental tests were performed to evaluate the viability of the use of HBI in BOF.The experimental campaign was supported by a thermal prediction model and realized through the estimation of the oxidation enthalpy.Furthermore,the process was thermodynamically analyzed based on oxygen potentials using the off-gas composition and the bath temperature evolution during the conversion as reference data.展开更多
One of the most challenging tasks in the laser-driven Hugoniot experiment is how to increase the reproducibility and precision of the experimental data to meet the stringent requirement in validating equation of state...One of the most challenging tasks in the laser-driven Hugoniot experiment is how to increase the reproducibility and precision of the experimental data to meet the stringent requirement in validating equation of state models. In such cases, the contribution of intrinsic uncertainty becomes important and cannot be ignored. A detailed analysis of the intrinsic uncertainty of the aluminum-iron impedance-match experiment based on the measurement of velocities is presented. The influence of mirror-reflection approximation on the shocked pressure of Fe and intrinsic uncertainties from the equation of state uncertainty of standard material are quantified, Furthermore, the comparison of intrinsic uncertainties of four different experimental approaches is presented. It is shown that, compared with other approaches including the most widely used approach which relies on the measurements of the shock velocities of AI and Fe, the approach which relies on the measurement of the particle velocity of Al and the shock velocity of Fe has the smallest intrinsic uncertainty, which would promote such work to significantly improve the diagnostics precision in such an approach.展开更多
Taking double-die ironing for example, the plastic deformation behavior of theworkpiece in multidie ironing process is analysed by the rigid-plastic finite element method(RPFEM).Considering the strain hardening of the...Taking double-die ironing for example, the plastic deformation behavior of theworkpiece in multidie ironing process is analysed by the rigid-plastic finite element method(RPFEM).Considering the strain hardening of the material, the distrbutions of the effective strainrate and hydrostatic stress are obtained. Calculated results and the effect of die argles on thedeformation and ironing force are discussed. The companrson of calculated results with thcoe of ex-poriment shows a good agreement.展开更多
The recovery of iron from iron sinking slag and lead smelter slag was investigated by desulfurization-reduction bath smelting. The effects of lead smelter slag(LSS) to iron sinking slag(ISS) mass ratio and temperature...The recovery of iron from iron sinking slag and lead smelter slag was investigated by desulfurization-reduction bath smelting. The effects of lead smelter slag(LSS) to iron sinking slag(ISS) mass ratio and temperature were investigated in desulfurization experiments. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray fluorescence(XRF) analyses show that the optimum conditions are LSS:ISS of 3:7 and temperature of 1350°C. The composition of desulfurization products is mainly Zn Fe2O4, and the desulfurization rate of 99.66% is obtained under optimum conditions. The thermogravimetric(TG) and differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) analyses demonstrate that reductant is necessary for decomposition and reduction of zinc ferrite in desulfurization product. The effects of reductant, temperature and feeding modes on iron enrichment were investigated in reduction experiments. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) determination show that the iron content of reduction product is up to 99.36% under optimum conditions of coke as reductant, reduction temperature of 1450°C and the feeding mode of premixing.展开更多
The preparation of natural rubber based isotropic thick magnetorheological elastomers(MRE) was focused on by varying the percentage volume concentration of carbonyl iron powder and developing a test set up to test the...The preparation of natural rubber based isotropic thick magnetorheological elastomers(MRE) was focused on by varying the percentage volume concentration of carbonyl iron powder and developing a test set up to test the dynamic properties. Effect of magnetic field on the damping ratio was studied on the amplification region of the transmissibility curve. The viscoelastic dynamic damping nature of the elastomer was also studied by analyzing the force-displacement hysteresis graphs. The results show that MR effect increases with the increase in magnetic field as well as carbonyl iron powder particle concentration. It is observed that softer matrix material produces more MR effect. A maximum of 125% improvement in the loss factor is observed for the MRE with 25% carbonyl iron volume concentration. FEMM simulation shows that as carbonyl iron particle distribution becomes denser, MR effect is improved. FEMM analysis also reveals that if the distance between the adjacent iron particles are reduced from 20 μm to 10 μm, a 40% increase in stored energy is observed.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science Fund of China(No.51134002)the Foundation of Jiangxi Educational Committee,China(No.GJJ150624)the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,China(No.JXXJBS16004)
文摘A thermodynamic analysis of the carbothermic reduction of high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore（HPOIO） was conducted by the Fact Sage thermochemical software. The effects of temperature, C/O ratio, additive types, and dosages both on the reduction of fluorapatite and the formation of liquid slag were studied. The results show that the minimum thermodynamic reduction temperature of fluorapatite by carbon decreases to about 850°C, which is mainly ascribed to the presence of SiO_2, Al_2O_3, and Fe. The reduction rate of fluorapatite increases and the amount of liquid slag decreases with the rise of C/O ratio. The reduction of fluorapatite is hindered by the addition of CaO and Na_2CO_3, thereby allowing the selective reduction of iron oxides upon controlled C/O ratio. The thermodynamic results obtain in the present work are in good agreement with the experimental results available in the literatures.
文摘The integrated steelmaking cycle based on the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace（BOF）route plays an important role in the production of plain and ultra-low carbon steel,especially for deep drawing operations.BOF steelmaking is based on the conversion of cast iron in steel by impinging oxygen on the metal bath at supersonic speed.In order to avoid the addition of detrimental chemical elements owing to the introduction of uncontrolled scrap and in order to decrease environmental impact caused by the intensive use of coke for the production of cast iron,HBI（hot briquetted iron）can be used as a source of metal and a fraction of cast iron.Forty industrial experimental tests were performed to evaluate the viability of the use of HBI in BOF.The experimental campaign was supported by a thermal prediction model and realized through the estimation of the oxidation enthalpy.Furthermore,the process was thermodynamically analyzed based on oxygen potentials using the off-gas composition and the bath temperature evolution during the conversion as reference data.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11305156 and 11305159
文摘One of the most challenging tasks in the laser-driven Hugoniot experiment is how to increase the reproducibility and precision of the experimental data to meet the stringent requirement in validating equation of state models. In such cases, the contribution of intrinsic uncertainty becomes important and cannot be ignored. A detailed analysis of the intrinsic uncertainty of the aluminum-iron impedance-match experiment based on the measurement of velocities is presented. The influence of mirror-reflection approximation on the shocked pressure of Fe and intrinsic uncertainties from the equation of state uncertainty of standard material are quantified, Furthermore, the comparison of intrinsic uncertainties of four different experimental approaches is presented. It is shown that, compared with other approaches including the most widely used approach which relies on the measurements of the shock velocities of AI and Fe, the approach which relies on the measurement of the particle velocity of Al and the shock velocity of Fe has the smallest intrinsic uncertainty, which would promote such work to significantly improve the diagnostics precision in such an approach.
文摘Taking double-die ironing for example, the plastic deformation behavior of theworkpiece in multidie ironing process is analysed by the rigid-plastic finite element method(RPFEM).Considering the strain hardening of the material, the distrbutions of the effective strainrate and hydrostatic stress are obtained. Calculated results and the effect of die argles on thedeformation and ironing force are discussed. The companrson of calculated results with thcoe of ex-poriment shows a good agreement.
基金Project(2011AA061003)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘The recovery of iron from iron sinking slag and lead smelter slag was investigated by desulfurization-reduction bath smelting. The effects of lead smelter slag(LSS) to iron sinking slag(ISS) mass ratio and temperature were investigated in desulfurization experiments. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray fluorescence(XRF) analyses show that the optimum conditions are LSS:ISS of 3:7 and temperature of 1350°C. The composition of desulfurization products is mainly Zn Fe2O4, and the desulfurization rate of 99.66% is obtained under optimum conditions. The thermogravimetric(TG) and differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) analyses demonstrate that reductant is necessary for decomposition and reduction of zinc ferrite in desulfurization product. The effects of reductant, temperature and feeding modes on iron enrichment were investigated in reduction experiments. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) determination show that the iron content of reduction product is up to 99.36% under optimum conditions of coke as reductant, reduction temperature of 1450°C and the feeding mode of premixing.
文摘The preparation of natural rubber based isotropic thick magnetorheological elastomers(MRE) was focused on by varying the percentage volume concentration of carbonyl iron powder and developing a test set up to test the dynamic properties. Effect of magnetic field on the damping ratio was studied on the amplification region of the transmissibility curve. The viscoelastic dynamic damping nature of the elastomer was also studied by analyzing the force-displacement hysteresis graphs. The results show that MR effect increases with the increase in magnetic field as well as carbonyl iron powder particle concentration. It is observed that softer matrix material produces more MR effect. A maximum of 125% improvement in the loss factor is observed for the MRE with 25% carbonyl iron volume concentration. FEMM simulation shows that as carbonyl iron particle distribution becomes denser, MR effect is improved. FEMM analysis also reveals that if the distance between the adjacent iron particles are reduced from 20 μm to 10 μm, a 40% increase in stored energy is observed.
