This paper reports the preparation of three di‑iron complexes containing a thiazole moiety.Esterification of complex[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OH)S)](1)with 4‑methylthiazole‑5‑carboxylic acid gave the correspo...This paper reports the preparation of three di‑iron complexes containing a thiazole moiety.Esterification of complex[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OH)S)](1)with 4‑methylthiazole‑5‑carboxylic acid gave the corresponding ester[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑tedt)](2),where tedt=SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OOC(5‑C_(3)HNSCH_(3)))S.Further reactions of complex 2 with tri(ptolyl)phosphine(tp)or tris(4‑fluorophenyl)phosphine(fp)gave the phosphine‑substituted derivatives[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(tp)(μ‑tedt)](3)and[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(fp)(μ‑tedt)](4).The structures of the newly prepared complexes were elucidated by elemental analysis,NMR,IR,and X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Moreover,single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction analysis confirmed their molecular structures,showing that they contain a di‑iron core ligated by a bridged dithiolate bearing a thiazole moiety and terminal carbonyls.The electrochemical and electrocatalytic proton reduction were probed by cyclic voltammetry,revealing that three complexes can catalyze the reduction of protons to H_(2) under the electrochemical conditions.For comparison,complex 4 possessed the best efficiency with a turnover frequency of 23.5 s^(-1)at 10 mmol·L^(-1)HOAc concentration.In addition,the fungicidal activity of these complexes was also investigated in this study.CCDC:2477511,2;2477512,3;2477513,4.展开更多
Iron deficiency anemia affects approximately 1.62 billion people worldwide,yet traditional iron supplements present bioavailability limitations and gastrointestinal side effects.This randomized,double-blind clinical t...Iron deficiency anemia affects approximately 1.62 billion people worldwide,yet traditional iron supplements present bioavailability limitations and gastrointestinal side effects.This randomized,double-blind clinical trial investigated a novel Auricularia auricula polysaccharide-iron complex(AAPIC)compared with heme iron and ferrous glycinate in 180 iron-deficient adults receiving 30 mg elemental iron daily for 12 weeks.AAPIC achieved comparable hemoglobin improvements(from 98.3±8.7 to 126.5±9.2 g/L)to heme iron(from 97.8±9.1 to 128.3±8.6 g/L)and was significantly superior to ferrous glycinate(from 98.6±8.9 to 119.7±10.3 g/L;p<0.001).Iron absorption efficiency showed AAPIC at 23.7±4.2%,heme iron at 25.1±3.8%,and ferrous glycinate at 18.4±5.1%.Toxicological assessments revealed no hepatotoxicity,nephrotoxicity,or mutagenicity.Gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 8.3%of AAPIC recipients versus 15.0%with ferrous glycinate and 10.0%with heme iron.The polysaccharide component facilitates iron transport through enhanced intestinal uptake mechanisms.AAPIC represents a promising,well-tolerated alternative with clinical efficacy comparable to established iron formulations.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent conditions that greatly impact human health.These diseases are primarily characterized by the progressive loss and eventual death of neuronal function,although the precise mech...Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent conditions that greatly impact human health.These diseases are primarily characterized by the progressive loss and eventual death of neuronal function,although the precise mechanisms underlying these processes remain incompletely understood.Iron is an essential trace element in the human body,playing a crucial role in various biological processes.The maintenance of iron homeostasis relies on the body's intricate and nuanced regulatory mechanisms.In recent years,considerable attention has been directed toward the relationship between dysregulated iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases.The regulation of iron homeostasis within cells is crucial for maintaining proper nervous system function.Research has already revealed that disruptions in iron homeostasis may lead to ferroptosis and oxidative stress,which,in turn,can impact neuronal health and contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.This article primarily explores the intimate relationship between iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to provide novel insights and strategies for treating these debilitating conditions.展开更多
Centrifugal casting of ductile iron pipe is a high-temperature,semi-continuous production process.However,conducting laboratory research on the solidification process of centrifugal casting of ductile iron pipe presen...Centrifugal casting of ductile iron pipe is a high-temperature,semi-continuous production process.However,conducting laboratory research on the solidification process of centrifugal casting of ductile iron pipe presents significant challenges.In this study,a novel research method was introduced for investigating the solidification process of ductile iron pipe,namely thermal simulation of ductile iron pipe.Comparative research was conducted on the microstructure and properties of the thermal simulation sample and the ductile iron pipe.The findings indicate that the thermal simulation sample and ductile iron pipe exhibit good heat transfer similarity and microstructure similarity.The difference of cooling rate between thermal simulation sample and ductile pipe is less than 0.24℃·s^(-1),and the difference of microstructure content of free cementite,ferrite,and pearlite is less than 5%.The tensile strength of annealed ductile iron pipe is 466 MPa,with an elongation of 16.1%and a Brinell hardness of 156.5 HBW.In comparison,the tensile strength of annealed thermal simulation sample is 482.0 MPa,with an elongation of 15.5%and a Brinell hardness of 159.0 HBW.These results suggest that the thermal simulation experimental research method is both scientific and feasible,offering an objective,reliable,and cost-effective approach to laboratory research on ductile iron pipe.展开更多
With the industrialization of agriculture and the advancement of medical care,human life expectancy has increased considerably and continues to rise steadily.This results in novel and unprecedented challenges,namely o...With the industrialization of agriculture and the advancement of medical care,human life expectancy has increased considerably and continues to rise steadily.This results in novel and unprecedented challenges,namely obesity and neurodegeneration.展开更多
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is one of the most widely used diagnostic techniques.Iron oxide nanoparticles,as a promising kind of contrast agents,have attracted intense research interest due to their low toxicity an...Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is one of the most widely used diagnostic techniques.Iron oxide nanoparticles,as a promising kind of contrast agents,have attracted intense research interest due to their low toxicity and superparamagnetism.However,it is still a great challenge to prepare ideal iron oxide based contrast agents with high uniformity,excellent water solubility and biocompatibility.In this paper,a novel water-soluble polymer ligand pentaerythritol tetrakis 3-mercaptopropionate-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)(PTMP-PVP)was used as a capping reagent to prepare iron oxide nanoparticles MIONs@PTMP-PVP through one-step co-precipitation of iron precursors in aqueous solution at 100℃.The obtained nanoparticles MIONs@PTMP-PVP had a small size and narrow size distribution,and they were found to be biocompatible as determined through CCK-8 assay and histology analysis.In vivo MRI study demonstrated that the obtained MIONs@PTMP-PVP can be potentially used as an effective T_(2)-weighted MRI contrast agent.展开更多
Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation is an effective and promising approach for treating various systemic and diffuse diseases.However,the biological characteristics of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells in hu...Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation is an effective and promising approach for treating various systemic and diffuse diseases.However,the biological characteristics of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells in humans remain unclear,including cell viability,distribution,migration,and fate.Conventional cell tracing methods cannot be used in the clinic.The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents allows for the observation of transplanted cells using magnetic resonance imaging.In 2016,the National Medical Products Administration of China approved a new superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle,Ruicun,for use as a contrast agent in clinical trials.In the present study,an acute hemi-transection spinal cord injury model was established in beagle dogs.The injury was then treated by transplantation of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells.The results indicated that Ruicunlabeled mesenchymal stromal cells repaired damaged spinal cord fibers and partially restored neurological function in animals with acute spinal cord injury.T2*-weighted imaging revealed low signal areas on both sides of the injured spinal cord.The results of quantitative susceptibility mapping with ultrashort echo time sequences indicated that Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells persisted stably within the injured spinal cord for over 4 weeks.These findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to effectively track the migration of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells and assess their ability to repair spinal cord injury.展开更多
1.Introduction.Since the Industrial Revolution,the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide(pCO_(2))has increased markedly,rising from approximately 280 ppm(1 ppm=1μL/L)to about 420 ppm.This escalation has inte...1.Introduction.Since the Industrial Revolution,the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide(pCO_(2))has increased markedly,rising from approximately 280 ppm(1 ppm=1μL/L)to about 420 ppm.This escalation has intensified global warming,with 2024 the hottest year on record since 1850.The global mean temperature now stands 1.46℃ above the pre-industrial average(1850-1900),a value already approaching the 1.5℃ threshold set by the Paris Agreement(NOAA,2025).展开更多
The utilization of iron coke provides a green pathway for low-carbon ironmaking.To uncover the influence mechanism of iron ore on the behavior and kinetics of iron coke gasification,the effect of iron ore on the micro...The utilization of iron coke provides a green pathway for low-carbon ironmaking.To uncover the influence mechanism of iron ore on the behavior and kinetics of iron coke gasification,the effect of iron ore on the microstructure of iron coke was investigated.Furthermore,a comparative study of the gasification reactions between iron coke and coke was conducted through non-isothermal thermogravimetric method.The findings indicate that compared to coke,iron coke exhibits an augmentation in micropores and specific surface area,and the micropores further extend and interconnect.This provides more adsorption sites for CO_(2) molecules during the gasification process,resulting in a reduction in the initial gasification temperature of iron coke.Accelerating the heating rate in non-isothermal gasification can enhance the reactivity of iron coke.The metallic iron reduced from iron ore is embedded in the carbon matrix,reducing the orderliness of the carbon structure,which is primarily responsible for the heightened reactivity of the carbon atoms.The kinetic study indicates that the random pore model can effectively represent the gasification process of iron coke due to its rich pore structure.Moreover,as the proportion of iron ore increases,the activation energy for the carbon gasification gradually decreases,from 246.2 kJ/mol for coke to 192.5 kJ/mol for iron coke 15wt%.展开更多
The soaring demand for smart portable electronics and electric vehicles is propelling the advancements in high-energy–density lithium-ion batteries.Lithium manganese iron phosphate(LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4))has garnered...The soaring demand for smart portable electronics and electric vehicles is propelling the advancements in high-energy–density lithium-ion batteries.Lithium manganese iron phosphate(LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4))has garnered significant attention as a promising positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its advantages of low cost,high safety,long cycle life,high voltage,good high-temperature performance,and high energy density.Although LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)has made significant breakthroughs in the past few decades,there are still facing great challenges in poor electronic conductivity and Li-ion diffusion,manganese dissolution affecting battery cycling performance,as well as low tap density.This review systematically summarizes the reaction mechanisms,various synthesis methods,and electrochemical properties of LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)to analyze reaction processes accurately and guide material preparation.Later,the main challenges currently faced are concluded,and the corresponding various modification strategies are discussed to enhance the reaction kinetics and electrochemical performance of LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4),including multi-scale particle regulation,heteroatom doping,surface coating,as well as microscopic morphology design.Finally,in view of the current research challenges faced by intrinsic reaction processes,kinetics,and energy storage applications,the promising research directions are anticipated.More importantly,it is expected to provide key insights into the development of high-performance and stable LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)materials,to achieve practical energy storage requirements.展开更多
The earthworm-based vermiremediation facilitated with benign chemicals such as nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)is a promising approach for the remediation of a variety of soil contaminants including cyanotoxins.As themost ...The earthworm-based vermiremediation facilitated with benign chemicals such as nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)is a promising approach for the remediation of a variety of soil contaminants including cyanotoxins.As themost toxic cyanotoxin,microcystin-LR(MC-LR)enter soil via runoff,irrigated surface water and sewage,and the application of cyanobacterial biofertilizers as part of the sustainable agricultural practice.Earthworms in such remediation systems must sustain the potential risk from both nZVI and MC-LR.In the present study,earthworms(Eisenia fetida)were exposed up to 14 days to MC-LR and nZVI(individually and inmixture),and the toxicity was investigated at both the organismal andmetabolic levels,including growth,tissue damage,oxidative stress,metabolic response and gut microbiota.Results showed that co-exposure of MC-LR and nZVI is less potent to earthworms than that of separate exposure.Histological observations in the co-exposure group revealed only minor epidermal brokenness,and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that co-exposure induced earthworms to regulate glutathione biosynthesis for detoxification and reduced adverse effects from MC-LR.The combined use of nZVI promoted the growth and reproduction of soil and earthworm gut bacteria(e.g.,Sphingobacterium and Acinetobacter)responsible for the degradation of MC-LR,whichmight explain the observed antagonism between nZVI and MC-LR in earthworm microcosm.Our study suggests the beneficial use of nZVI to detoxify pollutants in earthworm-based vermiremediation systems where freshwater containing cyanobacterial blooms is frequently used to irrigate soil and supply water for the growth and metabolism of earthworms.展开更多
Iron is an essential trace element in the human body,crucial in maintaining normal physiological functions.Recent studies have identified iron ions as a significant factor in initiating the ferroptosis process,a novel...Iron is an essential trace element in the human body,crucial in maintaining normal physiological functions.Recent studies have identified iron ions as a significant factor in initiating the ferroptosis process,a novel mode of programmed cell death characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxide accumulation.The iron metabolism pathway is one of the primary mechanisms regulating ferroptosis,as it maintains iron homeostasis within the cell.Numerous studies have demonstrated that abnormalities in iron metabolism can trigger the Fenton reaction,exacerbating oxidative stress,and leading to cell membrane rupture,cellular dysfunction,and damage to tissue structures.Therefore,regulation of iron metabolism represents a key strategy for ameliorating ferroptosis and offers new insights for treating diseases associated with iron metabolism imbalances.This review first summarizes the mechanisms that regulate iron metabolic pathways in ferroptosis and discusses the connections between the pathogenesis of various diseases and iron metabolism.Next,we introduce natural and synthetic small molecule compounds,hormones,proteins,and new nanomaterials that can affect iron metabolism.Finally,we provide an overview of the challenges faced by iron regulators in clinical translation and a summary and outlook on iron metabolism in ferroptosis,aiming to pave the way for future exploration and optimi-zation of iron metabolism regulation strategies.展开更多
Nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)is widely used in soil remediation due to its high reactivity.However,the easy agglomeration,poor antioxidant ability and passivation layer of Fe-Cr coprecipitates of nZVI have limited its a...Nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)is widely used in soil remediation due to its high reactivity.However,the easy agglomeration,poor antioxidant ability and passivation layer of Fe-Cr coprecipitates of nZVI have limited its application scale in Cr-contaminated soil remediation,especially in high concentration of Cr-contaminated soil.Herein,we found that the carboxymethyl cellulose on nZVI particles could increase the zeta potential value of soil and change the phase of nZVI.Along with the presence of biochar,97.0%and 96.6%Cr immobilization efficiency through CMC-nZVI/BC were respectively achieved in high and low concentrations of Cr-contaminated soils after 90-days remediation.In addition,the immobilization efficiency of Cr(VI)only decreased by 5.1%through CMC-nZVI/BC treatment after 10 weeks aging in air,attributing to the strong antioxidation ability.As for the surrounding Crcontaminated groundwater,the Cr(VI)removal capacity of CMC-nZVI/BC was evaluated under different reaction conditions through column experiments and COMSOL Multiphysics.CMC-nZVI/BC could efficiently remove 85%of Cr(VI)in about 400 hr when the initial Cr(VI)concentration was 40 mg/L and the flow rate was 0.5 mL/min.This study demonstrates that uniformly dispersed CMC-nZVI/BC has an excellent remediation effect on different concentrations of Cr-contaminated soils.展开更多
Both soil organic carbon (SOC) and iron (Fe) oxide content, among other factors, drive the formation and stability of soil aggregates.However, the mechanism of these drivers in greenhouse soil fertilized with organic ...Both soil organic carbon (SOC) and iron (Fe) oxide content, among other factors, drive the formation and stability of soil aggregates.However, the mechanism of these drivers in greenhouse soil fertilized with organic fertilizer is not well understood.In a 3-year field experiment, we aimed to investigate the factors which drive the stability of soil aggregates in greenhouse soil.To explore the impact of organic fertilizer on soil aggregates, we established four treatments:no fertilization (CK);inorganic fertilizer (CF);organic fertilizer (OF);and combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers(COF).The application of organic fertilizer significantly enhanced the stability of aggregates, that is it enhanced the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter and aggregate content (%) of>0.25 mm aggregate fractions.OF and COF treatments increased the concentration of SOC, especially the aliphatic-C, aromatic-C and polysaccharide-C components of SOC, particularly in>0.25 mm aggregates.Organic fertilizer application significantly increased the content of free Fe(Fed), reactive Fe (Feo), and non-crystalline Fe in both bulk soil and aggregates.Furthermore, non-crystalline Fe showed a positive correlation with SOC content in both bulk soil and aggregates.Both non-crystalline Fe and SOC were significantly positively correlated with>2 mm mean weight diameter.Overall, we believe that the increase of SOC, aromatic-C, and non-crystal ine Fe concentrations in soil after the application of organic fertilizer is the reason for improving soil aggregate stability.展开更多
The efficient recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4),also referred to as LFP)should convert Fe(Ⅱ)to Fe(Ⅲ),which is key to the extraction of Li and separation of Fe and is not well understood.Herein,we ...The efficient recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4),also referred to as LFP)should convert Fe(Ⅱ)to Fe(Ⅲ),which is key to the extraction of Li and separation of Fe and is not well understood.Herein,we systematically study the oxidation of LiFePO_(4)in the air and in the solution containing oxidants such as H_(2)O_(2)and the effect of oxidation on the leaching behaviors of LFP.In the air,O_(2)breaks down the LFP olivine structure at 550℃for 1 h by oxidizing Fe(Ⅱ)to Fe(Ⅲ)in terms of converting LFP to Li_(3)Fe_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)and Fe_(2)O_(3).After that,Li is leached in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution and is further recycled as Li_(3)PO_(4)with a Li recovery efficiency of 97.48%.Meanwhile,Fe is recovered as FePO_(4)and Fe_(2)O_(3).Compared with H_(2)SO_(4)-H_(2)O_(2),the air oxidation saves H_(2)O_(2)but increases the leaching efficiency of Fe and H_(2)SO_(4)consumption.The discrepancy of Fe leaching efficiency can be attributed to the different leaching mechanisms involving the solid-to-solid and solid-to-liquid-to-solid conversions.Furthermore,the results of the Everbatt model analysis show that the air roasting-H_(2)SO_(4)leaching method has low emission and potentially high income,which is simple and safe.Overall,this work will deepen the understanding of acid leaching of LFP and favorably stimulate the maturation of the LFP recycling technique.展开更多
The muscular system plays a critical role in the human body by governing skeletal movement,cardiovascular function,and the activities of digestive organs.Additionally,muscle tissues serve an endocrine function by secr...The muscular system plays a critical role in the human body by governing skeletal movement,cardiovascular function,and the activities of digestive organs.Additionally,muscle tissues serve an endocrine function by secreting myogenic cytokines,thereby regulating metabolism throughout the entire body.Maintaining muscle function requires iron homeostasis.Recent studies suggest that disruptions in iron metabolism and ferroptosis,a form of iron-dependent cell death,are essential contributors to the progression of a wide range of muscle diseases and disorders,including sarcopenia,cardiomyopathy,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Thus,a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms regulating iron metabolism and ferroptosis in these conditions is crucial for identifying potential therapeutic targets and developing new strategies for disease treatment and/or prevention.This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in the context of muscle injury,as well as associated muscle diseases and disorders.Moreover,we discuss potential targets within the ferroptosis pathway and possible strategies for managing muscle disorders.Finally,we shed new light on current limitations and future prospects for therapeutic interventions targeting ferroptosis.展开更多
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis offers a promising route to convert carbon-rich resources such as coal,natural gas,and biomass into clean fuels and high-value chemicals via syngas.Catalyst development is crucial for optimiz...Fischer-Tropsch synthesis offers a promising route to convert carbon-rich resources such as coal,natural gas,and biomass into clean fuels and high-value chemicals via syngas.Catalyst development is crucial for optimizing the process,with cobalt-and iron-based catalysts being widely used in industrial applications.Iron-based catalysts,in particular,are favored due to their low cost,broad temperature range,and high water-gas shift reaction activity,making them ideal for syngas derived from coal and biomass with a low H_(2)/CO ratio.However,despite their long history of industrial use,iron-based catalysts face two significant challenges.First,the presence of multiple iron phases-metallic iron,iron oxides,and iron carbides-complicates the understanding of the reaction mechanism due to dynamic phase transformations.Second,the high water-gas shift activity of these catalysts leads to increased CO_(2) selectivity,thereby reducing overall carbon efficiency.In Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,CO_(2) can arise as primary CO_(2) from CO disproportionation(the Boudouard reaction)and as secondary CO_(2) from the water-gas shift reaction.The accumulation of CO_(2) formation further compromises overall carbon efficiency,which is particularly undesirable given the current focus on minimizing carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality.This review focus on the ongoing advancements of iron-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,with particular emphasis on overcoming these two critical challenges for iron-based catalysts:regulating the active phases and minimizing CO_(2) selectivity.Addressing these challenges is essential for enhancing the overall catalytic efficiency and selectivity of iron-based catalysts.In this review,recent efforts to suppress CO_(2) selectivity of iron-based catalysts,including catalyst hydrophobic modification and graphene confinement,are explored for their potential to stabilize active phases and prevent unwanted side reactions.This innovative approach offers new opportunities for developing catalysts with high activity,low CO_(2) selectivity,and enhanced stability,which are key factors for enhancing both the efficiency and sustainability for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.Such advancements are crucial for advancing more efficient and sustainable Fischer-Tropsch synthesis technologies,supporting the global push for net-zero emissions goals,and contributing to carbon reduction efforts worldwide.展开更多
Ductile iron pipes,a staple in global urban water supply systems,face a significant challenge in the form of corrosion,which threatens water quality and pipeline integrity.The deterioration mechanism of shrink-age def...Ductile iron pipes,a staple in global urban water supply systems,face a significant challenge in the form of corrosion,which threatens water quality and pipeline integrity.The deterioration mechanism of shrink-age defects on the passivation behavior of ductile iron in simulated concrete pore solution was investi-gated.The results indicated that shrinkage defects increase donor density and reduce the threshold value of chlorine concentration for rupture of ductile iron passion film(CTV)of ductile iron.Defects reduce CTV from 1-1.1 wt.%to 0.36-0.4 wt.%.Because the matrix/graphite around the defect has a higher Volta potential difference,the shrinkage defect preferentially corrodes and induces local corrosion of the sur-rounding matrix,while no significant corrosion was observed in the region away from the defect.High lattice distortion and Si segregation around the shrinkage defect improve the driving force of corrosion in thermodynamics.Furthermore,shrinkage defects elevate the content of Fe(Ⅲ)compounds in the passive film,without compromising its duplex structure.These defects accelerate the nucleation and growth of the passive film,but generate more cation interstitials.This variation of chemical composition of passive film compromises the film’s integrity and protective properties,attributable to a potential mechanism of micro-environmental acidification and the synergistic effects of shrinkage defect-graphite-matrix multiple micro-galvanic couples.展开更多
文摘This paper reports the preparation of three di‑iron complexes containing a thiazole moiety.Esterification of complex[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OH)S)](1)with 4‑methylthiazole‑5‑carboxylic acid gave the corresponding ester[Fe_(2)(CO)_(6)(μ‑tedt)](2),where tedt=SCH_(2)CH(CH_(2)OOC(5‑C_(3)HNSCH_(3)))S.Further reactions of complex 2 with tri(ptolyl)phosphine(tp)or tris(4‑fluorophenyl)phosphine(fp)gave the phosphine‑substituted derivatives[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(tp)(μ‑tedt)](3)and[Fe_(2)(CO)_(5)(fp)(μ‑tedt)](4).The structures of the newly prepared complexes were elucidated by elemental analysis,NMR,IR,and X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Moreover,single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction analysis confirmed their molecular structures,showing that they contain a di‑iron core ligated by a bridged dithiolate bearing a thiazole moiety and terminal carbonyls.The electrochemical and electrocatalytic proton reduction were probed by cyclic voltammetry,revealing that three complexes can catalyze the reduction of protons to H_(2) under the electrochemical conditions.For comparison,complex 4 possessed the best efficiency with a turnover frequency of 23.5 s^(-1)at 10 mmol·L^(-1)HOAc concentration.In addition,the fungicidal activity of these complexes was also investigated in this study.CCDC:2477511,2;2477512,3;2477513,4.
文摘Iron deficiency anemia affects approximately 1.62 billion people worldwide,yet traditional iron supplements present bioavailability limitations and gastrointestinal side effects.This randomized,double-blind clinical trial investigated a novel Auricularia auricula polysaccharide-iron complex(AAPIC)compared with heme iron and ferrous glycinate in 180 iron-deficient adults receiving 30 mg elemental iron daily for 12 weeks.AAPIC achieved comparable hemoglobin improvements(from 98.3±8.7 to 126.5±9.2 g/L)to heme iron(from 97.8±9.1 to 128.3±8.6 g/L)and was significantly superior to ferrous glycinate(from 98.6±8.9 to 119.7±10.3 g/L;p<0.001).Iron absorption efficiency showed AAPIC at 23.7±4.2%,heme iron at 25.1±3.8%,and ferrous glycinate at 18.4±5.1%.Toxicological assessments revealed no hepatotoxicity,nephrotoxicity,or mutagenicity.Gastrointestinal adverse events occurred in 8.3%of AAPIC recipients versus 15.0%with ferrous glycinate and 10.0%with heme iron.The polysaccharide component facilitates iron transport through enhanced intestinal uptake mechanisms.AAPIC represents a promising,well-tolerated alternative with clinical efficacy comparable to established iron formulations.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371153(to YS)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Nos.ZR2021MH378,ZR2022QH073(to LC)+1 种基金the Shandong Society of Geriatric Science and Technology Project,No.LKJGG2021Z020(to YS)the Yantai Science and Technology Innovation Development Project,Nos.2022YD009,2023YD050。
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent conditions that greatly impact human health.These diseases are primarily characterized by the progressive loss and eventual death of neuronal function,although the precise mechanisms underlying these processes remain incompletely understood.Iron is an essential trace element in the human body,playing a crucial role in various biological processes.The maintenance of iron homeostasis relies on the body's intricate and nuanced regulatory mechanisms.In recent years,considerable attention has been directed toward the relationship between dysregulated iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases.The regulation of iron homeostasis within cells is crucial for maintaining proper nervous system function.Research has already revealed that disruptions in iron homeostasis may lead to ferroptosis and oxidative stress,which,in turn,can impact neuronal health and contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.This article primarily explores the intimate relationship between iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to provide novel insights and strategies for treating these debilitating conditions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52130109)。
文摘Centrifugal casting of ductile iron pipe is a high-temperature,semi-continuous production process.However,conducting laboratory research on the solidification process of centrifugal casting of ductile iron pipe presents significant challenges.In this study,a novel research method was introduced for investigating the solidification process of ductile iron pipe,namely thermal simulation of ductile iron pipe.Comparative research was conducted on the microstructure and properties of the thermal simulation sample and the ductile iron pipe.The findings indicate that the thermal simulation sample and ductile iron pipe exhibit good heat transfer similarity and microstructure similarity.The difference of cooling rate between thermal simulation sample and ductile pipe is less than 0.24℃·s^(-1),and the difference of microstructure content of free cementite,ferrite,and pearlite is less than 5%.The tensile strength of annealed ductile iron pipe is 466 MPa,with an elongation of 16.1%and a Brinell hardness of 156.5 HBW.In comparison,the tensile strength of annealed thermal simulation sample is 482.0 MPa,with an elongation of 15.5%and a Brinell hardness of 159.0 HBW.These results suggest that the thermal simulation experimental research method is both scientific and feasible,offering an objective,reliable,and cost-effective approach to laboratory research on ductile iron pipe.
文摘With the industrialization of agriculture and the advancement of medical care,human life expectancy has increased considerably and continues to rise steadily.This results in novel and unprecedented challenges,namely obesity and neurodegeneration.
基金financially supported by the International Cooperation Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(No.2023EHA069)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20230807143702005)National Foreign Experts Program(No.G2022027015L)。
文摘Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is one of the most widely used diagnostic techniques.Iron oxide nanoparticles,as a promising kind of contrast agents,have attracted intense research interest due to their low toxicity and superparamagnetism.However,it is still a great challenge to prepare ideal iron oxide based contrast agents with high uniformity,excellent water solubility and biocompatibility.In this paper,a novel water-soluble polymer ligand pentaerythritol tetrakis 3-mercaptopropionate-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)(PTMP-PVP)was used as a capping reagent to prepare iron oxide nanoparticles MIONs@PTMP-PVP through one-step co-precipitation of iron precursors in aqueous solution at 100℃.The obtained nanoparticles MIONs@PTMP-PVP had a small size and narrow size distribution,and they were found to be biocompatible as determined through CCK-8 assay and histology analysis.In vivo MRI study demonstrated that the obtained MIONs@PTMP-PVP can be potentially used as an effective T_(2)-weighted MRI contrast agent.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,Nos.2017YFA0104302(to NG and XM)and 2017YFA0104304(to BW and ZZ)
文摘Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation is an effective and promising approach for treating various systemic and diffuse diseases.However,the biological characteristics of transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells in humans remain unclear,including cell viability,distribution,migration,and fate.Conventional cell tracing methods cannot be used in the clinic.The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents allows for the observation of transplanted cells using magnetic resonance imaging.In 2016,the National Medical Products Administration of China approved a new superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle,Ruicun,for use as a contrast agent in clinical trials.In the present study,an acute hemi-transection spinal cord injury model was established in beagle dogs.The injury was then treated by transplantation of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells.The results indicated that Ruicunlabeled mesenchymal stromal cells repaired damaged spinal cord fibers and partially restored neurological function in animals with acute spinal cord injury.T2*-weighted imaging revealed low signal areas on both sides of the injured spinal cord.The results of quantitative susceptibility mapping with ultrashort echo time sequences indicated that Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells persisted stably within the injured spinal cord for over 4 weeks.These findings suggest that magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to effectively track the migration of Ruicun-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells and assess their ability to repair spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42425305,42293290,and 42172216).
文摘1.Introduction.Since the Industrial Revolution,the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide(pCO_(2))has increased markedly,rising from approximately 280 ppm(1 ppm=1μL/L)to about 420 ppm.This escalation has intensified global warming,with 2024 the hottest year on record since 1850.The global mean temperature now stands 1.46℃ above the pre-industrial average(1850-1900),a value already approaching the 1.5℃ threshold set by the Paris Agreement(NOAA,2025).
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974212 and 52274316)the China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(No.BWLCF202116)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Major Project of Wuhan(No.2023020302020572)the Foundation of Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education(No.FMRUlab23-04)。
文摘The utilization of iron coke provides a green pathway for low-carbon ironmaking.To uncover the influence mechanism of iron ore on the behavior and kinetics of iron coke gasification,the effect of iron ore on the microstructure of iron coke was investigated.Furthermore,a comparative study of the gasification reactions between iron coke and coke was conducted through non-isothermal thermogravimetric method.The findings indicate that compared to coke,iron coke exhibits an augmentation in micropores and specific surface area,and the micropores further extend and interconnect.This provides more adsorption sites for CO_(2) molecules during the gasification process,resulting in a reduction in the initial gasification temperature of iron coke.Accelerating the heating rate in non-isothermal gasification can enhance the reactivity of iron coke.The metallic iron reduced from iron ore is embedded in the carbon matrix,reducing the orderliness of the carbon structure,which is primarily responsible for the heightened reactivity of the carbon atoms.The kinetic study indicates that the random pore model can effectively represent the gasification process of iron coke due to its rich pore structure.Moreover,as the proportion of iron ore increases,the activation energy for the carbon gasification gradually decreases,from 246.2 kJ/mol for coke to 192.5 kJ/mol for iron coke 15wt%.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104294)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-19-079A1)。
文摘The soaring demand for smart portable electronics and electric vehicles is propelling the advancements in high-energy–density lithium-ion batteries.Lithium manganese iron phosphate(LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4))has garnered significant attention as a promising positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its advantages of low cost,high safety,long cycle life,high voltage,good high-temperature performance,and high energy density.Although LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)has made significant breakthroughs in the past few decades,there are still facing great challenges in poor electronic conductivity and Li-ion diffusion,manganese dissolution affecting battery cycling performance,as well as low tap density.This review systematically summarizes the reaction mechanisms,various synthesis methods,and electrochemical properties of LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)to analyze reaction processes accurately and guide material preparation.Later,the main challenges currently faced are concluded,and the corresponding various modification strategies are discussed to enhance the reaction kinetics and electrochemical performance of LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4),including multi-scale particle regulation,heteroatom doping,surface coating,as well as microscopic morphology design.Finally,in view of the current research challenges faced by intrinsic reaction processes,kinetics,and energy storage applications,the promising research directions are anticipated.More importantly,it is expected to provide key insights into the development of high-performance and stable LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)materials,to achieve practical energy storage requirements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21777139)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0207003).
文摘The earthworm-based vermiremediation facilitated with benign chemicals such as nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)is a promising approach for the remediation of a variety of soil contaminants including cyanotoxins.As themost toxic cyanotoxin,microcystin-LR(MC-LR)enter soil via runoff,irrigated surface water and sewage,and the application of cyanobacterial biofertilizers as part of the sustainable agricultural practice.Earthworms in such remediation systems must sustain the potential risk from both nZVI and MC-LR.In the present study,earthworms(Eisenia fetida)were exposed up to 14 days to MC-LR and nZVI(individually and inmixture),and the toxicity was investigated at both the organismal andmetabolic levels,including growth,tissue damage,oxidative stress,metabolic response and gut microbiota.Results showed that co-exposure of MC-LR and nZVI is less potent to earthworms than that of separate exposure.Histological observations in the co-exposure group revealed only minor epidermal brokenness,and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that co-exposure induced earthworms to regulate glutathione biosynthesis for detoxification and reduced adverse effects from MC-LR.The combined use of nZVI promoted the growth and reproduction of soil and earthworm gut bacteria(e.g.,Sphingobacterium and Acinetobacter)responsible for the degradation of MC-LR,whichmight explain the observed antagonism between nZVI and MC-LR in earthworm microcosm.Our study suggests the beneficial use of nZVI to detoxify pollutants in earthworm-based vermiremediation systems where freshwater containing cyanobacterial blooms is frequently used to irrigate soil and supply water for the growth and metabolism of earthworms.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.:2023-JC-QN-0125)Yan'an Science andTechnology Bureau(Grant No.:2023-SFGG-141)+1 种基金ShaanxiProvincial Health Research(Grant No.:2022E010)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(Grant No.:202310719032).
文摘Iron is an essential trace element in the human body,crucial in maintaining normal physiological functions.Recent studies have identified iron ions as a significant factor in initiating the ferroptosis process,a novel mode of programmed cell death characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxide accumulation.The iron metabolism pathway is one of the primary mechanisms regulating ferroptosis,as it maintains iron homeostasis within the cell.Numerous studies have demonstrated that abnormalities in iron metabolism can trigger the Fenton reaction,exacerbating oxidative stress,and leading to cell membrane rupture,cellular dysfunction,and damage to tissue structures.Therefore,regulation of iron metabolism represents a key strategy for ameliorating ferroptosis and offers new insights for treating diseases associated with iron metabolism imbalances.This review first summarizes the mechanisms that regulate iron metabolic pathways in ferroptosis and discusses the connections between the pathogenesis of various diseases and iron metabolism.Next,we introduce natural and synthetic small molecule compounds,hormones,proteins,and new nanomaterials that can affect iron metabolism.Finally,we provide an overview of the challenges faced by iron regulators in clinical translation and a summary and outlook on iron metabolism in ferroptosis,aiming to pave the way for future exploration and optimi-zation of iron metabolism regulation strategies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1808701)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.buctrc202232).
文摘Nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)is widely used in soil remediation due to its high reactivity.However,the easy agglomeration,poor antioxidant ability and passivation layer of Fe-Cr coprecipitates of nZVI have limited its application scale in Cr-contaminated soil remediation,especially in high concentration of Cr-contaminated soil.Herein,we found that the carboxymethyl cellulose on nZVI particles could increase the zeta potential value of soil and change the phase of nZVI.Along with the presence of biochar,97.0%and 96.6%Cr immobilization efficiency through CMC-nZVI/BC were respectively achieved in high and low concentrations of Cr-contaminated soils after 90-days remediation.In addition,the immobilization efficiency of Cr(VI)only decreased by 5.1%through CMC-nZVI/BC treatment after 10 weeks aging in air,attributing to the strong antioxidation ability.As for the surrounding Crcontaminated groundwater,the Cr(VI)removal capacity of CMC-nZVI/BC was evaluated under different reaction conditions through column experiments and COMSOL Multiphysics.CMC-nZVI/BC could efficiently remove 85%of Cr(VI)in about 400 hr when the initial Cr(VI)concentration was 40 mg/L and the flow rate was 0.5 mL/min.This study demonstrates that uniformly dispersed CMC-nZVI/BC has an excellent remediation effect on different concentrations of Cr-contaminated soils.
基金supported by the Shenyang Municipal Science and Technology Project,China(23-409-2-03)the Liaoning Provincial Department of Science and Technology Project,China(Z20230183)the Liaoning Provincial Applied Basic Research Program,China(2022JH2/101300173).
文摘Both soil organic carbon (SOC) and iron (Fe) oxide content, among other factors, drive the formation and stability of soil aggregates.However, the mechanism of these drivers in greenhouse soil fertilized with organic fertilizer is not well understood.In a 3-year field experiment, we aimed to investigate the factors which drive the stability of soil aggregates in greenhouse soil.To explore the impact of organic fertilizer on soil aggregates, we established four treatments:no fertilization (CK);inorganic fertilizer (CF);organic fertilizer (OF);and combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers(COF).The application of organic fertilizer significantly enhanced the stability of aggregates, that is it enhanced the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter and aggregate content (%) of>0.25 mm aggregate fractions.OF and COF treatments increased the concentration of SOC, especially the aliphatic-C, aromatic-C and polysaccharide-C components of SOC, particularly in>0.25 mm aggregates.Organic fertilizer application significantly increased the content of free Fe(Fed), reactive Fe (Feo), and non-crystalline Fe in both bulk soil and aggregates.Furthermore, non-crystalline Fe showed a positive correlation with SOC content in both bulk soil and aggregates.Both non-crystalline Fe and SOC were significantly positively correlated with>2 mm mean weight diameter.Overall, we believe that the increase of SOC, aromatic-C, and non-crystal ine Fe concentrations in soil after the application of organic fertilizer is the reason for improving soil aggregate stability.
基金supported by the Chilwee Group(No.CWDY-ZH-YJY-202101-001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042023kf0214)the Starting Funding from Wuhan University.
文摘The efficient recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4),also referred to as LFP)should convert Fe(Ⅱ)to Fe(Ⅲ),which is key to the extraction of Li and separation of Fe and is not well understood.Herein,we systematically study the oxidation of LiFePO_(4)in the air and in the solution containing oxidants such as H_(2)O_(2)and the effect of oxidation on the leaching behaviors of LFP.In the air,O_(2)breaks down the LFP olivine structure at 550℃for 1 h by oxidizing Fe(Ⅱ)to Fe(Ⅲ)in terms of converting LFP to Li_(3)Fe_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)and Fe_(2)O_(3).After that,Li is leached in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution and is further recycled as Li_(3)PO_(4)with a Li recovery efficiency of 97.48%.Meanwhile,Fe is recovered as FePO_(4)and Fe_(2)O_(3).Compared with H_(2)SO_(4)-H_(2)O_(2),the air oxidation saves H_(2)O_(2)but increases the leaching efficiency of Fe and H_(2)SO_(4)consumption.The discrepancy of Fe leaching efficiency can be attributed to the different leaching mechanisms involving the solid-to-solid and solid-to-liquid-to-solid conversions.Furthermore,the results of the Everbatt model analysis show that the air roasting-H_(2)SO_(4)leaching method has low emission and potentially high income,which is simple and safe.Overall,this work will deepen the understanding of acid leaching of LFP and favorably stimulate the maturation of the LFP recycling technique.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82471593 to J.M.32330047 and 31930057 to F.W.+2 种基金and 82071970 to Y.W.and 82072506 to Y.L.)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province(2023AFA109 to Y.W.)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2024AFB963 to Q.R.).
文摘The muscular system plays a critical role in the human body by governing skeletal movement,cardiovascular function,and the activities of digestive organs.Additionally,muscle tissues serve an endocrine function by secreting myogenic cytokines,thereby regulating metabolism throughout the entire body.Maintaining muscle function requires iron homeostasis.Recent studies suggest that disruptions in iron metabolism and ferroptosis,a form of iron-dependent cell death,are essential contributors to the progression of a wide range of muscle diseases and disorders,including sarcopenia,cardiomyopathy,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Thus,a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms regulating iron metabolism and ferroptosis in these conditions is crucial for identifying potential therapeutic targets and developing new strategies for disease treatment and/or prevention.This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in the context of muscle injury,as well as associated muscle diseases and disorders.Moreover,we discuss potential targets within the ferroptosis pathway and possible strategies for managing muscle disorders.Finally,we shed new light on current limitations and future prospects for therapeutic interventions targeting ferroptosis.
文摘Fischer-Tropsch synthesis offers a promising route to convert carbon-rich resources such as coal,natural gas,and biomass into clean fuels and high-value chemicals via syngas.Catalyst development is crucial for optimizing the process,with cobalt-and iron-based catalysts being widely used in industrial applications.Iron-based catalysts,in particular,are favored due to their low cost,broad temperature range,and high water-gas shift reaction activity,making them ideal for syngas derived from coal and biomass with a low H_(2)/CO ratio.However,despite their long history of industrial use,iron-based catalysts face two significant challenges.First,the presence of multiple iron phases-metallic iron,iron oxides,and iron carbides-complicates the understanding of the reaction mechanism due to dynamic phase transformations.Second,the high water-gas shift activity of these catalysts leads to increased CO_(2) selectivity,thereby reducing overall carbon efficiency.In Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,CO_(2) can arise as primary CO_(2) from CO disproportionation(the Boudouard reaction)and as secondary CO_(2) from the water-gas shift reaction.The accumulation of CO_(2) formation further compromises overall carbon efficiency,which is particularly undesirable given the current focus on minimizing carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality.This review focus on the ongoing advancements of iron-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,with particular emphasis on overcoming these two critical challenges for iron-based catalysts:regulating the active phases and minimizing CO_(2) selectivity.Addressing these challenges is essential for enhancing the overall catalytic efficiency and selectivity of iron-based catalysts.In this review,recent efforts to suppress CO_(2) selectivity of iron-based catalysts,including catalyst hydrophobic modification and graphene confinement,are explored for their potential to stabilize active phases and prevent unwanted side reactions.This innovative approach offers new opportunities for developing catalysts with high activity,low CO_(2) selectivity,and enhanced stability,which are key factors for enhancing both the efficiency and sustainability for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.Such advancements are crucial for advancing more efficient and sustainable Fischer-Tropsch synthesis technologies,supporting the global push for net-zero emissions goals,and contributing to carbon reduction efforts worldwide.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52104319 and 52374323).
文摘Ductile iron pipes,a staple in global urban water supply systems,face a significant challenge in the form of corrosion,which threatens water quality and pipeline integrity.The deterioration mechanism of shrink-age defects on the passivation behavior of ductile iron in simulated concrete pore solution was investi-gated.The results indicated that shrinkage defects increase donor density and reduce the threshold value of chlorine concentration for rupture of ductile iron passion film(CTV)of ductile iron.Defects reduce CTV from 1-1.1 wt.%to 0.36-0.4 wt.%.Because the matrix/graphite around the defect has a higher Volta potential difference,the shrinkage defect preferentially corrodes and induces local corrosion of the sur-rounding matrix,while no significant corrosion was observed in the region away from the defect.High lattice distortion and Si segregation around the shrinkage defect improve the driving force of corrosion in thermodynamics.Furthermore,shrinkage defects elevate the content of Fe(Ⅲ)compounds in the passive film,without compromising its duplex structure.These defects accelerate the nucleation and growth of the passive film,but generate more cation interstitials.This variation of chemical composition of passive film compromises the film’s integrity and protective properties,attributable to a potential mechanism of micro-environmental acidification and the synergistic effects of shrinkage defect-graphite-matrix multiple micro-galvanic couples.
