2014年4月1日,智利北部Iquique地区近海发生MW8.1地震,地震发生之后,国际上一些著名的地震科研机构和学者采用不同的数据和方法计算得到此次地震的震源机制解,但这些结果存在较大差异.地球长周期自由振荡的振幅主要依赖于地震矩的大小...2014年4月1日,智利北部Iquique地区近海发生MW8.1地震,地震发生之后,国际上一些著名的地震科研机构和学者采用不同的数据和方法计算得到此次地震的震源机制解,但这些结果存在较大差异.地球长周期自由振荡的振幅主要依赖于地震矩的大小及地震断层的破裂方式,可以很好地约束地震震源机制.因此,本文根据2014年Iquique地震现有的6个不同震源机制解模拟计算了该地震激发的自由振荡信号,并与全国连续重力台网中16个弹簧重力仪的观测结果进行比对,基于1.5～5.3mHz的球型简正模分析和约束了Iquique地震的震源机制解.研究发现,基于美国地质调查局WPhase Moment Tensor Solution反演的震源机制解的自由振荡模拟值与实际观测符合最好,其相应的震级能较好反映Iquique地震释放的总能量,而利用海啸数据反演的标量地震矩偏小,联合远场和近场长周期观测数据反演可显著改善震源机制解.另外,还基于格尔木重力台站的模拟值与观测值定量分析了不同震源机制解参数对自由振荡振幅的影响.结果表明地震的标量地震矩M0对自由振荡振幅的影响最大,而断层走向、倾角、滑动方向角和震源深度对自由振荡的振幅影响相对较小.展开更多
An improved understanding of postseismic crustal deformation following large subduction earthquakes may help to better understand the rheological properties of upper mantle and the slip behavior of subduction interfac...An improved understanding of postseismic crustal deformation following large subduction earthquakes may help to better understand the rheological properties of upper mantle and the slip behavior of subduction interface.Here we construct a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model to study the postseismic deformation of the 2014 M_(W)8.1 Iquique,Chile earthquake.Elastic units in the model include the subducting slab,continental and oceanic lithospheres.Rheological units include the mantle wedge,the oceanic asthenosphere and upper mantle.We use a 2 km thick weak shear zone attached to the subduction fault to simulate the time-dependent stress-driven afterslip.The viscoelastic relaxation in the rheological units is represented by the Burgers rheology.We carry out grid-searches on the shear zone viscosity,thickness and viscosity of the asthenosphere,and they are determined to be 10^(17)Pa s,110 km and 2×10^(18)Pa s,respectively.The stress-driven afterlsip within the first two years is up to~47 cm and becomes negligible after two years(no more than 5 cm/yr).Our results suggest that a thin,low-viscosity oceanic asthenosphere together with a weak shear zone attached to the fault are required to better reproduce the observed postseismic deformation.展开更多
文摘2014年4月1日,智利北部Iquique地区近海发生MW8.1地震,地震发生之后,国际上一些著名的地震科研机构和学者采用不同的数据和方法计算得到此次地震的震源机制解,但这些结果存在较大差异.地球长周期自由振荡的振幅主要依赖于地震矩的大小及地震断层的破裂方式,可以很好地约束地震震源机制.因此,本文根据2014年Iquique地震现有的6个不同震源机制解模拟计算了该地震激发的自由振荡信号,并与全国连续重力台网中16个弹簧重力仪的观测结果进行比对,基于1.5～5.3mHz的球型简正模分析和约束了Iquique地震的震源机制解.研究发现,基于美国地质调查局WPhase Moment Tensor Solution反演的震源机制解的自由振荡模拟值与实际观测符合最好,其相应的震级能较好反映Iquique地震释放的总能量,而利用海啸数据反演的标量地震矩偏小,联合远场和近场长周期观测数据反演可显著改善震源机制解.另外,还基于格尔木重力台站的模拟值与观测值定量分析了不同震源机制解参数对自由振荡振幅的影响.结果表明地震的标量地震矩M0对自由振荡振幅的影响最大,而断层走向、倾角、滑动方向角和震源深度对自由振荡的振幅影响相对较小.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program(2018YFC504103)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20070302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41774109).
文摘An improved understanding of postseismic crustal deformation following large subduction earthquakes may help to better understand the rheological properties of upper mantle and the slip behavior of subduction interface.Here we construct a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model to study the postseismic deformation of the 2014 M_(W)8.1 Iquique,Chile earthquake.Elastic units in the model include the subducting slab,continental and oceanic lithospheres.Rheological units include the mantle wedge,the oceanic asthenosphere and upper mantle.We use a 2 km thick weak shear zone attached to the subduction fault to simulate the time-dependent stress-driven afterslip.The viscoelastic relaxation in the rheological units is represented by the Burgers rheology.We carry out grid-searches on the shear zone viscosity,thickness and viscosity of the asthenosphere,and they are determined to be 10^(17)Pa s,110 km and 2×10^(18)Pa s,respectively.The stress-driven afterlsip within the first two years is up to~47 cm and becomes negligible after two years(no more than 5 cm/yr).Our results suggest that a thin,low-viscosity oceanic asthenosphere together with a weak shear zone attached to the fault are required to better reproduce the observed postseismic deformation.
