The ion conductivity of a solid-state ion conductor generally increases exponentially upon reduction in ionmigration barrier.For prevalent cathode material LiCoO_(2),the room-temperature ion conductivity and migration...The ion conductivity of a solid-state ion conductor generally increases exponentially upon reduction in ionmigration barrier.For prevalent cathode material LiCoO_(2),the room-temperature ion conductivity and migrationbarrier are respectively around 10^(−4)S/cm and 0.3 eV.In this Letter,through first-principles calculations we predictthe existence of 1D superionicity as the Li ions in O_(2)LiCoO_(2)are transformed into Zn_(0.5)CoO_(2)or Li_(0.5)CoO_(2)via cation-exchange reaction or deintercalation.The ion migration barriers(0.01-0.02 eV)even lower than roomtemperature∼𝑘B𝑇are reduced by more than an order of magnitude compared with LiCoO_(2),which are facilitatedby facile transition of mobile ions between two coordination configurations.The room-temperature ion conductivityis estimated to be over 50 S/cm,enhanced by 2-3 orders of magnitude compared with the current highestreported value.Such unprecedented superionicity may also exist in other similar layered ion conductors,whichmay lead to technical advances and exotic effects such as ultrafast ion batteries and quantized ferroelectricity.展开更多
In order to better build the neutral beam injector with negative ion source(NNBI),the pre-research on key technologies has been carried out for the comprehensive research facility for fusion technology(CRFFT).Cesium s...In order to better build the neutral beam injector with negative ion source(NNBI),the pre-research on key technologies has been carried out for the comprehensive research facility for fusion technology(CRFFT).Cesium seeding into negative-ion sources is a prerequisite to obtain the required negative hydrogen ion.The performance of ion source largely depends on the cesium conditions in the source.It is very necessary to quantitatively measure the amount of cesium in the source during the plasma on and off periods(vacuum stage).展开更多
In the past few decades,ion engines have been widely used in deep-space propulsion and satellite station-keeping.The aim of extending the thruster lifetime is still one of the most important parts during the design st...In the past few decades,ion engines have been widely used in deep-space propulsion and satellite station-keeping.The aim of extending the thruster lifetime is still one of the most important parts during the design stage of ion engine.As one of the core components of ion engine,the grid assembly of ion optic systems may experience long-term ion sputtering in extreme electro-thermal environments,which will eventually lead to its structural and electron-backstreaming failures.In this paper,the current studies of the grid assembly erosion process are systematically analyzed from the aspects of sputtering damage process of grid materials,numerical simulations,and measurements of erosion characteristics of grid assembly.The advantages and disadvantages of various erosion prediction models are highlighted,and the key factors and processes affecting the prediction accuracy of grid assembly erosion patterns are analyzed.Three different types of experimental methods of grid assembly erosion patterns are compared.The analysis in this paper is of great importance for selecting the sputter-resistant grid materials,as well as establishing the erosion models and measurement methods to accurately determine the erosion rate and failure modes of grid assembly.Consequently,the working conditions and structure parameters of ion optic systems could be optimized based on erosion models to promote the ion engine lifetime.展开更多
Dear Editor,Health management is essential to ensure battery performance and safety, while data-driven learning system is a promising solution to enable efficient state of health(SoH) estimation of lithium-ion(Liion) ...Dear Editor,Health management is essential to ensure battery performance and safety, while data-driven learning system is a promising solution to enable efficient state of health(SoH) estimation of lithium-ion(Liion) batteries. However, the time-consuming signal data acquisition and the lack of interpretability of model still hinder its efficient deployment. Motivated by this, this letter proposes a novel and interpretable data-driven learning strategy through combining the benefits of explainable AI and non-destructive ultrasonic detection for battery SoH estimation. Specifically, after equipping battery with advanced ultrasonic sensor to promise fast real-time ultrasonic signal measurement, an interpretable data-driven learning strategy named generalized additive neural decision ensemble(GANDE) is designed to rapidly estimate battery SoH and explain the effects of the involved ultrasonic features of interest.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to their abundant raw material reserves,low cost,enhanced safety,and environmental sustainability.Na_(2)Fe_(2)OS_(2),featuring a...Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to their abundant raw material reserves,low cost,enhanced safety,and environmental sustainability.Na_(2)Fe_(2)OS_(2),featuring a layered anti-perovskite structure,has attracted significant interest for its high capacity and facile synthesis.In this study,density functional theory calculations were performed to systematically investigate the phase stability,ionic conductivity,and voltage characteristics of Na_(2)Fe_(2)OS_(2)as a model system for anti-perovskite layered cathode materials.The compound exhibits excellent phase stability,and its equilibrium potential was calculated for the series Na_(x)Fe_(2)OCh_(2)(0<±<2)(where Ch represents chalcogenides).Naion transport analysis using the climbing image nudged elastic band method reveals a relatively low migration barrier(~0.47eV)along a dingonal pathway,indicating efficient Na^(+)mobility.To expand the materials design space,we systematically explored the effects of substituting Fe with various transition metals and replacing S with Se in NaaTM_(2)OCh_(2)structures.Among the variants studied,Na_(2)Mn_(2)OS_(2) demonstrates the most favorable combination of high voltage(~2.51V),robust phase stability,and superior energy density(~427 W-h/kg).This comprehensive comparison of transition metal substitutions provides vnluable insights for the rational design and experimental development of next-generation anti-perovskite layered cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Biomineralization has garnered significant attention in the field of wastewater treatment due to its notable cost reduction compared to conventional methods.The reinjection water from oilfields containing an exceeding...Biomineralization has garnered significant attention in the field of wastewater treatment due to its notable cost reduction compared to conventional methods.The reinjection water from oilfields containing an exceedingly high concentration of calcium and ferric ions will pose amajor hazard in production.However,the utilization of biomineralization for precipitating these ions has been scarcely investigated due to limited tolerance among halophiles towards such extreme conditions.In this study,free and immobilized halophiles Virgibacillus dokdonensis were used to precipitate these ions and the effects were compared,at the same time,biomineralizationmechanisms and mineral characteristicswere further explored.The results showthat bacterial concentration and carbonic anhydrase activitywere higher when additionally adding ferric ion based on calcium ion;the content of protein,polysaccharides,deoxyribonucleic acid and humic substances in the extracellular polymers also increased compared to control.Calcium ions were biomineralized into calcite and vaterite with mul-tiple morphology.Due to iron doping,the crystallinity and thermal stability of calcium carbonate decreased,the content of O-C=O,N-C=OandC-O-PO_(3) increased,the stable carbon isotope values became much more negative,andβ-sheet in minerals disappeared.Higher calcium concentrations facilitated ferric ion precipitation,while ferric ions hindered calcium precipitation.The immobilized bacteria performed better in ferric ion removal,with a precipitation ratio exceeding 90%.Free bacteria performed better in calcium removal,and the precipitation ratio reached a maximum of 56%.This research maybe provides some reference for the co-removal of calcium and ferric ions from the oilfield wastewater.展开更多
This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven second...This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven secondary sources,taking as an example ion acceleration by target normal sheath acceleration.The Pearson linear correlation of maximum return current amplitude and proton spectrum cutoff energy is found to be in the range from~0.70 to 0.94.kA-scale return currents rise in all interaction schemes where targets of any kind are charged by escaping laser-accelerated relativistic electrons.Their precise measurement is demonstrated using an inductive scheme that allows operation at high repetition rates.Thus,return currents can be used as a metrological online tool for the optimization of many laser-driven secondary sources and for diagnosing their stability.In particular,in two parametric studies of laser-driven ion acceleration,we carry out a noninvasive online measurement of return currents in a tape target system irradiated by the 1 PW VEGA-3 laser at Centro de Láseres Pulsados:first the size of the irradiated area is varied at best compression of the laser pulse;second,the pulse duration is varied by means of induced group delay dispersion at best focus.This work paves the way to the development of feedback systems that operate at the high repetition rates of PW-class lasers.展开更多
We investigated the adsorption mechanisms including physical and chemical adsorption for heavy metals(Cd,Pb,Zn,Co,Cu)on C-lignin using density functional theory(DFT)simulations.Physical adsorption,involving metal atom...We investigated the adsorption mechanisms including physical and chemical adsorption for heavy metals(Cd,Pb,Zn,Co,Cu)on C-lignin using density functional theory(DFT)simulations.Physical adsorption,involving metal atoms near carbon atoms,is found to be endothermic;meanwhile,chemical adsorption,where hydroxyl groups replace metal ions,is exothermic and spontaneous.Pb exhibits the highest physical adsorption potential,while Cu and Co demonstrate the strongest chemical adsorption due to their highly negative adsorption energies.These findings provide valuable insights into the design of eco-friendly nano lignocellulosic composite films for effective heavy metal removal from contaminated water sources.Key words:C-lignin;adsorption;We investigated the adsorption mechanisms including physical and chemical adsorption for heavy metals(Cd,Pb,Zn,Co,Cu)on C-lignin using density functional theory(DFT)simulations.Physical adsorption,involving metal atoms near carbon atoms,is found to be endothermic;meanwhile,chemical adsorption,where hydroxyl groups replace metal ions,is exothermic and spontaneous.Pb exhibits the highest physical adsorption potential,while Cu and Co demonstrate the strongest chemical adsorption due to their highly negative adsorption energies.These findings provide valuable insights into the design of eco-friendly nano lignocellulosic composite films for effective heavy metal removal from contaminated water sources.展开更多
We introduce a scheme aiming at the generation of quasi-monochromatic carbon ion bunches from laser-solid interaction.The proposed scheme is an extension of the“peeler”acceleration originally proposed for proton acc...We introduce a scheme aiming at the generation of quasi-monochromatic carbon ion bunches from laser-solid interaction.The proposed scheme is an extension of the“peeler”acceleration originally proposed for proton acceleration,which involves irradiating the narrow(submicrometer)side of a tape target.This results in the generation of a surface plasma wave and the subsequent acceleration of a proton bunch with high peak energy,quasi-monochromaticity,low energy bandwidth,and low divergence by the electrostatic field induced at the target rear.Up to now,the higher-Z(e.g.,carbon)ion bunches obtained with the peeler scheme have been found to exhibit an exponentially decaying thermal-like energy spectrum.To achieve a low energy bandwidth,we place a mass-limited carbon structure at the rear of the target.Using 3D particle-in-cell simulations,we show that a quasi-monochromatic carbon bunch can indeed be obtained.With a multi-PW laser pulse,10^(8) carbon ions with peak energy~110 MeV/u and with a divergence of 20° in the vertical plane and~1° in the horizontal plane can be generated.The quasi-monochromaticity,together with the low duration of the beam and in combination with the versatility of high-power laser facilities,should make this scheme attractive for practical applications such as heavy ion cancer therapy and higher-resolution diagnostics of extreme plasma states.展开更多
Recently,large-scale trapped ion systems have been realized in experiments for quantum simulation and quantum computation.They are the simplest systems for dynamical stability and parametric resonance.In this model,th...Recently,large-scale trapped ion systems have been realized in experiments for quantum simulation and quantum computation.They are the simplest systems for dynamical stability and parametric resonance.In this model,the Mathieu equation plays the most fundamental role for us to understand the stability and instability of a single ion.In this work,we investigate the dynamics of trapped ions with the Coulomb interaction based on the Hamiltonian equation.We show that the many-body interaction will not influence the phase diagram for instability.Then,the dynamics of this model in the large damping limit will also be analytically calculated using few trapped ions.Furthermore,we find that in the presence of modulation,synchronization dynamics can be observed,showing an exchange of velocities between distant ions on the left side and on the right side of the trap.These dynamics resemble that of the exchange of velocities in Newton's cradle for the collision of balls at the same time.These dynamics are independent of their initial conditions and the number of ions.As a unique feature of the interacting Mathieu equation,we hope this behavior,which leads to a quasi-periodic solution,can be measured in current experimental systems.Finally,we have also discussed the effect of anharmonic trapping potential,showing the desynchronization during the collision process.It is hoped that the dynamics in this many-body Mathieu equation with damping may find applications in quantum simulations.This model may also find interesting applications in dynamics systems as a pure mathematical problem,which may be beyond the results in the Floquet theorem.展开更多
This study investigates the potential of natural Brown Coal(BC)as a sustainable,cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of manganese(Mn2+)from contaminated groundwater.A series of batch adsorp-tion experiments was co...This study investigates the potential of natural Brown Coal(BC)as a sustainable,cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of manganese(Mn2+)from contaminated groundwater.A series of batch adsorp-tion experiments was conducted to assess the influence of key operational parameters—such as solution pH,2+initial Mn concentration,BC dosage,temperature,and the presence of competing ions—on 2+Mn removal efficiency.The environmental compatibility and regeneration potential of BC were also evaluated to deter-mine its practical viability for repeated use.To better understand the adsorption behaviour,equilibrium and kinetic data were analysed using established isotherm and kinetic models,while thermodynamic parameters were computed to assess the spontaneity and thermal characteristics of the adsorption process.Furthermore,geochemical modelling and comprehensive BC characterization—including surface morphology,miner-alogical and elemental composition,and functional group analysis—were 2+performed to elucidate Mn speciation under varying environmental conditions and to uncover the underlying adsorption mechanisms.2+Results showed that Mn removal efficiency increased with higher pH,temperature,and BC dosage,but 2+declined at elevated initial Mn concentrations due to active site saturation.The process was spontaneous 2 and endothermic,with the Langmuir isotherm model(R=0.994)and pseudo-second-order kinetic model 2(R=0.996)providing the best fit to experimental data.Mechanistic analysis indicated that chemisorption,2+primarily through ion exchange and inner-sphere complexation,was the dominant mode of Mn uptake.3+The presence of competing cations,especially Fe and Cu2+,2+significantly hindered Mn removal due to preferential binding.Importantly,BC exhibited strong reusability,maintaining over 80%removal effi-ciency across four adsorption–desorption cycles without evidence of secondary pollutants.These findings demonstrate the potential of natural BC as an efficient,reusable,and environmentally benign material for treating manganese-contaminated groundwater.展开更多
Nanochannel technology based on ionic current rectification has emerged as a powerful tool for the detection of biomolecules owing to unique advantages.Nevertheless,existing nanochannel sensors mainly focus on the det...Nanochannel technology based on ionic current rectification has emerged as a powerful tool for the detection of biomolecules owing to unique advantages.Nevertheless,existing nanochannel sensors mainly focus on the detection of targets in solution or inside the cells,moreover,they only have a single function,greatly limiting their application.Herein,we fabricated SuperDNA self-assembled conical nanochannel,which was clamped in the middle of self-made device for two functions:Online detecting living cells released TNF-αand studying intercellular communication.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)membrane incubated tumor associated macrophages and tumor cells was rolled up and inserted into the left and right chamber of the device,respectively.Through monitoring the ion current change in the nanochannel,tumor associated macrophages released TNF-αcould be in situ and noninvasive detected with a detection limit of 0.23 pg/mL.Furthermore,the secreted TNF-αinduced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of tumor cells in the right chamber was also studied.The presented strategy displayed outstanding performance and multi-function,providing a promising platform for in situ non-destructive detection of cell secretions and related intercellular communication analysis.展开更多
Correction:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2025)36:4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01548-5 In this article,the caption for Fig(s)1,3,and 4 was inadvert-ently truncated.The incorrect and the corrected captions are ...Correction:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2025)36:4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01548-5 In this article,the caption for Fig(s)1,3,and 4 was inadvert-ently truncated.The incorrect and the corrected captions are given below.展开更多
In-situ TEM observation was conducted during Ni^(+)&He^(+)dual-beam irradiation to monitor the evolution of dislocation loops accompanied by He bubbles in the Ni-based alloy GH3535.Two distinct evolutions of dislo...In-situ TEM observation was conducted during Ni^(+)&He^(+)dual-beam irradiation to monitor the evolution of dislocation loops accompanied by He bubbles in the Ni-based alloy GH3535.Two distinct evolutions of dislocation loops,driven by residual stresses,were observed within the monitored grains.Hence,molec-ular dynamics(MD)simulations were employed to reveal the effects of stress magnitude and direction on loop evolution,including size,number density,type and variation.The simulations revealed that the presence of compressive stress reduced the formation energy of perfect dislocation loops,thus promoting their formation.Stress state was found to influence the preferential orientation of the loops,and com-pressive stress resulted in a decreased number density of dislocation loops but an increase in their size.This establishes a clear relationship between stress state and magnitude and the evolution of dislocation loops during ion beam irradiation.Additionally,the nature and characteristics of dislocation loops were quantified to explore the effects of He concentrations on their evolution.The higher He concentration not only promotes the nucleation of dislocation loops,leading to their higher number density,but also facil-itates the unfaulting evolution by increasing the stacking fault energy(SFE).Moreover,the accumulation of He in the lower-He-concentration sample led to the growth of dislocation loops in multiple stages,explaining their nearly identical average sizes when compared to the higher-He-concentration sample.展开更多
The ion coordination affinities of the commonly found metal ions were evaluated using DFT calculations.The results indicate that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy of metal ions correlates positively ...The ion coordination affinities of the commonly found metal ions were evaluated using DFT calculations.The results indicate that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy of metal ions correlates positively with their binding energies with O(S)ligands,and some metal ions with various valence states also present different affinities.Besides,due to the steric hindrance effects,the mono-and hexa-coordinated metal ions may exhibit different affinities,and the majority of the studied hexa-coordinated metal ions exhibit oxophilicity.These affinity differences perfectly illustrate the activation flotation practice in which the oxyphilic ions are applied to activating oxide minerals,while thiophilic ions are applied to activating sulfide minerals.展开更多
A new type of corrosion-resistant alloyed-steel rebar,Cr10MoV,was researched using techniques such as corrosion electrochemistry,X-ray computed tomography,and zero resistance ammeter to systematically study the macro-...A new type of corrosion-resistant alloyed-steel rebar,Cr10MoV,was researched using techniques such as corrosion electrochemistry,X-ray computed tomography,and zero resistance ammeter to systematically study the macro-cell corrosion behavior and corrosion resistance of alloyed-steel rebar in mortar and concrete samples induced by chloride ion concentration in the marine environment.The macro-cell corrosion characteristics and development patterns induced by chloride ion concentration in alloyed-steel rebar were preliminarily revealed.In the macro-cell corrosion system of rebar mortar samples induced by 29 times chloride ion concentration,the corrosion current density of the alloyed-steel rebar combination stabilizes at 1.6–2.4μA/cm^(2),which is only one-third of that of the carbon-steel rebar combination,while the dissimilar steel rebar combination stabilizes at 0–0.4μA/cm^(2).Alloyed-steel rebar and carbon-steel rebar are configured in high concentration and low concentration chlorine salt areas,respectively.With the help of high corrosion resistance,the long-term stable corrosion resistance of alloyed-steel rebar is ensured.The potential difference between carbon-steel rebar and alloyed-steel rebar is reduced to weaken the driving force of macro-cell corrosion.It is a useful way to inhibit the macro-cell corrosion of dissimilar steel rebar and ensure the high corrosion resistance and durability of marine reinforced concrete structures.展开更多
Despite the expansive applications of gas-phase unfolding techniques,the molecular mechanism for the solvent-free forced unfolding pathway which substrate multidomain proteins usually adopt remains elusive at the seco...Despite the expansive applications of gas-phase unfolding techniques,the molecular mechanism for the solvent-free forced unfolding pathway which substrate multidomain proteins usually adopt remains elusive at the secondary structure level.Herein,upon carefully selecting CRM_(197) as a therapeutically-relevant model system containing multiple secondary structure-separated domains,we systematically examine its solvent-free unfolding pathway.Further-more,utilizing the hybrid of noncovalent chemical probing with niacinamide and ion mobility-mass spectrometry-guided all-atom molecular dynamics simulations,we map a nearly complete unfolding atlas for the conjugate vaccine carrier protein CRM_(197) in a domain-and secondary structure-resolved manner.The totality of our data supports the preferential unfolding of the sheet-rich domain,indicating the dynamic transition from β-sheet toα-helix,and demonstrating that helix exhibit comparatively higher stability thanβ-sheets.We propose that this sheet-to-helix dynamic transition may be central to the gas-phase unfolding pathways of multidomain proteins,suggesting the need for systematic studies on additional multidomain protein systems.展开更多
The energetic particle detector on China's space station can determine the energy, flux, and direction of medium-and highenergy protons, electrons, heavy ions, and neutrons within the path of the station's orb...The energetic particle detector on China's space station can determine the energy, flux, and direction of medium-and highenergy protons, electrons, heavy ions, and neutrons within the path of the station's orbit. It also assesses the linear energy transfer(LET)spectra and radiation dose rates generated by these particles. Neutron detection is a significant component of this work, utilizing a new type of Cs_(2)LiYCl_(6): Ce scintillator material along with plastic scintillators as sensors. In-orbit testing has demonstrated the efficient identification of space neutrons and gamma rays(n/γ). This data plays a crucial role in supporting manned space engineering, scientific research, and other related fields.展开更多
In this study,a cleaner method for separation and recovery of V/W/Na in waste selective catalytic reduction(SCR)catalyst alkaline leaching solution was proposed.The method involved membrane electrolysis followed by io...In this study,a cleaner method for separation and recovery of V/W/Na in waste selective catalytic reduction(SCR)catalyst alkaline leaching solution was proposed.The method involved membrane electrolysis followed by ion morphology pretreatme nt and solvent extraction.An acidic V(Ⅴ)/W(Ⅵ)solution was obtained using the me mbrane electrolysis method without adding any other chemical reagents.In addition,Na was recovered in the form of NaOH by product,avoiding the generation of Na containing wastewater.The electrolysis parameters were investigated,the lowest power consumption of 3063 kW·h·t^(-1)NaOH was obtained at a current density of 125 A·m^(-2)and an initial NaOH concentration of 2 mol·L^(-1).After electrolysis,oxalic acid was added to the acidic V/W containing solution,converting V(Ⅴ)negative ion to V(Ⅳ)positive ion.Since W(Ⅵ)ion state remained in negative form,the generation of heteropolyacid ions(W_(x)V_(y)O_(z)^(n-))was prevented.It was found that under the condition of oxalic acid addition/theoretical consumption 1.2 and reaction temperature 75℃,100%V(Ⅴ)was co nverted to V(Ⅳ4).Using 10%N263+10%noctanol+80%sulfonated kerosene as extractant,the highest W(Ⅵ)/V(Ⅳ)separation coefficient of 7559.76was obtained at pH=1.8,O:A ratio=1:1 and extraction time 15 min.With 2 mol·L^(-1)NaOH as stripping reagent,the W stripping efficiency reached 98.50%at O:A ratio=2:1 after 4-stages of stripping.The enrichment of V remained in the solution was realized using P204 as extractant and 20%(mass)H_(2)SO_(4)as stripping reagent.The parameters of extraction/stripping process were investigated,using 10%P204+10%TBP+80%sulfonated kerosene as extractant,the V extraction efficiency reached 97.50%at O:A ratio=1:2after 4 stages of extraction.Using 20%H_(2)SO_(4)as the stripping reagent,the V stripping efficiency was 98.30%at an O:A ratio of 4:1 after five stage s of stripping.After the entire process,a high-purity VOSO_(4)and Na_(2)WO_(4)product solutions were obtained with V/W recovery efficiency 95.84%/98.50%,separately.This study examined a more effective and cleaner method for separating V/W/Na in Na_(2)WO_(4)/NaVO_(3)solution,which may serve as a reference for the separation and recovery of V/W/Na in waste SCR catalysts.展开更多
Aqueous zincion batteries are highly favored for grid-level energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety,but their practical application is limited by slow ion migration.To address this,a strategy has been d...Aqueous zincion batteries are highly favored for grid-level energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety,but their practical application is limited by slow ion migration.To address this,a strategy has been developed to create a cation-accelerating electric field on the surface of the cathode to achieve ultrafast Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.By employing electrodeposition to coat MoS_(2)on the surface of BaV_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)O nanowires,the directional builtin electric field generated at the heterointerface acts as a cation accelerator,continuously accelerating Zn^(2+)diffusion into the active material.The optimized Zn^(2+)diffusion coefficient in CC@BaV-V_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)@MoS_(2)(7.5×10^(8)cm^(2)s^(-1)) surpasses that of most reported V-based cathodes.Simultaneously,MoS_(2)serving as a cathodic armor extends the cycling life of the Zn-CC@BaV_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)@MoS_(2)full batteries to over 10000 cycles.This work provides valuable insights into optimizing ion diffusion kinetics for high-performance energy storage devices.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22073034)。
文摘The ion conductivity of a solid-state ion conductor generally increases exponentially upon reduction in ionmigration barrier.For prevalent cathode material LiCoO_(2),the room-temperature ion conductivity and migrationbarrier are respectively around 10^(−4)S/cm and 0.3 eV.In this Letter,through first-principles calculations we predictthe existence of 1D superionicity as the Li ions in O_(2)LiCoO_(2)are transformed into Zn_(0.5)CoO_(2)or Li_(0.5)CoO_(2)via cation-exchange reaction or deintercalation.The ion migration barriers(0.01-0.02 eV)even lower than roomtemperature∼𝑘B𝑇are reduced by more than an order of magnitude compared with LiCoO_(2),which are facilitatedby facile transition of mobile ions between two coordination configurations.The room-temperature ion conductivityis estimated to be over 50 S/cm,enhanced by 2-3 orders of magnitude compared with the current highestreported value.Such unprecedented superionicity may also exist in other similar layered ion conductors,whichmay lead to technical advances and exotic effects such as ultrafast ion batteries and quantized ferroelectricity.
基金supported by the HFIPS Director’s Fund(Nos.YZJJQY202204 and 2021YZGH02)the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China(No.2018-000052-73-01-001228)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2208085MA19)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2017YFE300103 and 2017YFE300503)。
文摘In order to better build the neutral beam injector with negative ion source(NNBI),the pre-research on key technologies has been carried out for the comprehensive research facility for fusion technology(CRFFT).Cesium seeding into negative-ion sources is a prerequisite to obtain the required negative hydrogen ion.The performance of ion source largely depends on the cesium conditions in the source.It is very necessary to quantitatively measure the amount of cesium in the source during the plasma on and off periods(vacuum stage).
基金co-supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3403500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC52202460)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2021M690392,2021TQ0036,and 2023TQ0031)。
文摘In the past few decades,ion engines have been widely used in deep-space propulsion and satellite station-keeping.The aim of extending the thruster lifetime is still one of the most important parts during the design stage of ion engine.As one of the core components of ion engine,the grid assembly of ion optic systems may experience long-term ion sputtering in extreme electro-thermal environments,which will eventually lead to its structural and electron-backstreaming failures.In this paper,the current studies of the grid assembly erosion process are systematically analyzed from the aspects of sputtering damage process of grid materials,numerical simulations,and measurements of erosion characteristics of grid assembly.The advantages and disadvantages of various erosion prediction models are highlighted,and the key factors and processes affecting the prediction accuracy of grid assembly erosion patterns are analyzed.Three different types of experimental methods of grid assembly erosion patterns are compared.The analysis in this paper is of great importance for selecting the sputter-resistant grid materials,as well as establishing the erosion models and measurement methods to accurately determine the erosion rate and failure modes of grid assembly.Consequently,the working conditions and structure parameters of ion optic systems could be optimized based on erosion models to promote the ion engine lifetime.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373224,62333013,U23A20327)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024JQ021)
文摘Dear Editor,Health management is essential to ensure battery performance and safety, while data-driven learning system is a promising solution to enable efficient state of health(SoH) estimation of lithium-ion(Liion) batteries. However, the time-consuming signal data acquisition and the lack of interpretability of model still hinder its efficient deployment. Motivated by this, this letter proposes a novel and interpretable data-driven learning strategy through combining the benefits of explainable AI and non-destructive ultrasonic detection for battery SoH estimation. Specifically, after equipping battery with advanced ultrasonic sensor to promise fast real-time ultrasonic signal measurement, an interpretable data-driven learning strategy named generalized additive neural decision ensemble(GANDE) is designed to rapidly estimate battery SoH and explain the effects of the involved ultrasonic features of interest.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12404264 and 22209067)Shenzhen Basic Research Program(Natural Science Foundation)Key Project of Basic Research(Grant No.JCYJ20241202123916023)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.KQTD20200820113047086)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to their abundant raw material reserves,low cost,enhanced safety,and environmental sustainability.Na_(2)Fe_(2)OS_(2),featuring a layered anti-perovskite structure,has attracted significant interest for its high capacity and facile synthesis.In this study,density functional theory calculations were performed to systematically investigate the phase stability,ionic conductivity,and voltage characteristics of Na_(2)Fe_(2)OS_(2)as a model system for anti-perovskite layered cathode materials.The compound exhibits excellent phase stability,and its equilibrium potential was calculated for the series Na_(x)Fe_(2)OCh_(2)(0<±<2)(where Ch represents chalcogenides).Naion transport analysis using the climbing image nudged elastic band method reveals a relatively low migration barrier(~0.47eV)along a dingonal pathway,indicating efficient Na^(+)mobility.To expand the materials design space,we systematically explored the effects of substituting Fe with various transition metals and replacing S with Se in NaaTM_(2)OCh_(2)structures.Among the variants studied,Na_(2)Mn_(2)OS_(2) demonstrates the most favorable combination of high voltage(~2.51V),robust phase stability,and superior energy density(~427 W-h/kg).This comprehensive comparison of transition metal substitutions provides vnluable insights for the rational design and experimental development of next-generation anti-perovskite layered cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42072136,41972108,and 42106144)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2023MD063,ZR2020MC041,and ZR2020QD089)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources,Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources(No.SKDZK20230127)the Foreign visiting scholar funded by Shandong Provincial government.
文摘Biomineralization has garnered significant attention in the field of wastewater treatment due to its notable cost reduction compared to conventional methods.The reinjection water from oilfields containing an exceedingly high concentration of calcium and ferric ions will pose amajor hazard in production.However,the utilization of biomineralization for precipitating these ions has been scarcely investigated due to limited tolerance among halophiles towards such extreme conditions.In this study,free and immobilized halophiles Virgibacillus dokdonensis were used to precipitate these ions and the effects were compared,at the same time,biomineralizationmechanisms and mineral characteristicswere further explored.The results showthat bacterial concentration and carbonic anhydrase activitywere higher when additionally adding ferric ion based on calcium ion;the content of protein,polysaccharides,deoxyribonucleic acid and humic substances in the extracellular polymers also increased compared to control.Calcium ions were biomineralized into calcite and vaterite with mul-tiple morphology.Due to iron doping,the crystallinity and thermal stability of calcium carbonate decreased,the content of O-C=O,N-C=OandC-O-PO_(3) increased,the stable carbon isotope values became much more negative,andβ-sheet in minerals disappeared.Higher calcium concentrations facilitated ferric ion precipitation,while ferric ions hindered calcium precipitation.The immobilized bacteria performed better in ferric ion removal,with a precipitation ratio exceeding 90%.Free bacteria performed better in calcium removal,and the precipitation ratio reached a maximum of 56%.This research maybe provides some reference for the co-removal of calcium and ferric ions from the oilfield wastewater.
基金funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through the European IMPULSE project under Grant Agreement No.871161from LASERLAB-EUROPE V under Grant Agreement No.871124+6 种基金from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic(Grant No.GM23-05027M)Grant No.PDC2021120933-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033by the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTRsupported by funding from the Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades in Spain through ICTS Equipment Grant No.EQC2018-005230-Pfrom Grant No.PID2021-125389O A-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UEby“ERDF A Way of Making Europe”by the European Unionfrom grants of the Junta de Castilla y León with Grant Nos.CLP263P20 and CLP087U16。
文摘This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven secondary sources,taking as an example ion acceleration by target normal sheath acceleration.The Pearson linear correlation of maximum return current amplitude and proton spectrum cutoff energy is found to be in the range from~0.70 to 0.94.kA-scale return currents rise in all interaction schemes where targets of any kind are charged by escaping laser-accelerated relativistic electrons.Their precise measurement is demonstrated using an inductive scheme that allows operation at high repetition rates.Thus,return currents can be used as a metrological online tool for the optimization of many laser-driven secondary sources and for diagnosing their stability.In particular,in two parametric studies of laser-driven ion acceleration,we carry out a noninvasive online measurement of return currents in a tape target system irradiated by the 1 PW VEGA-3 laser at Centro de Láseres Pulsados:first the size of the irradiated area is varied at best compression of the laser pulse;second,the pulse duration is varied by means of induced group delay dispersion at best focus.This work paves the way to the development of feedback systems that operate at the high repetition rates of PW-class lasers.
基金Funded by the Hubei Province Key Research Foundation for Water Resources,China(No.HBSLKY2023035)the National College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,China(No.202310500012)the Wuhan Talents Outstanding Young Talents Program。
文摘We investigated the adsorption mechanisms including physical and chemical adsorption for heavy metals(Cd,Pb,Zn,Co,Cu)on C-lignin using density functional theory(DFT)simulations.Physical adsorption,involving metal atoms near carbon atoms,is found to be endothermic;meanwhile,chemical adsorption,where hydroxyl groups replace metal ions,is exothermic and spontaneous.Pb exhibits the highest physical adsorption potential,while Cu and Co demonstrate the strongest chemical adsorption due to their highly negative adsorption energies.These findings provide valuable insights into the design of eco-friendly nano lignocellulosic composite films for effective heavy metal removal from contaminated water sources.Key words:C-lignin;adsorption;We investigated the adsorption mechanisms including physical and chemical adsorption for heavy metals(Cd,Pb,Zn,Co,Cu)on C-lignin using density functional theory(DFT)simulations.Physical adsorption,involving metal atoms near carbon atoms,is found to be endothermic;meanwhile,chemical adsorption,where hydroxyl groups replace metal ions,is exothermic and spontaneous.Pb exhibits the highest physical adsorption potential,while Cu and Co demonstrate the strongest chemical adsorption due to their highly negative adsorption energies.These findings provide valuable insights into the design of eco-friendly nano lignocellulosic composite films for effective heavy metal removal from contaminated water sources.
基金the support of the Romanian Government and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund–the Competitiveness Operational Programme (1/07.07.2016, COP, Grant ID No. 1334) Phases Ⅱthe Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization: Program Nucleu Grant No. PN23210105+6 种基金supported by the IOSIN Funds for Research Infrastructures of National Interest funded by the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalizationsupported by Project No. ELI-RO/DFG/2023_001 ARNPhot funded by the Institute of Atomic Physics (Romania), the European Union, the Romanian Governmentthe Health Program, within the project “Medical Applications of High-Power Lasers–Dr. LASER,” SMIS Code 326475by Grant Nos. ELI-RO/RDI/2024_14 SPARC and ELI-RO/RDI/2024_8 AMAPBMBF Grant No. 05P24PF2 (Germany)the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking for awarding us access to Karolina at IT4Innovations (VAB-TU), Czechia under Project No. EHPCREG-2023R02-006 (Grant No. DD-23-157)Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through e-INFRA CZ (Grant ID No. 90140)
文摘We introduce a scheme aiming at the generation of quasi-monochromatic carbon ion bunches from laser-solid interaction.The proposed scheme is an extension of the“peeler”acceleration originally proposed for proton acceleration,which involves irradiating the narrow(submicrometer)side of a tape target.This results in the generation of a surface plasma wave and the subsequent acceleration of a proton bunch with high peak energy,quasi-monochromaticity,low energy bandwidth,and low divergence by the electrostatic field induced at the target rear.Up to now,the higher-Z(e.g.,carbon)ion bunches obtained with the peeler scheme have been found to exhibit an exponentially decaying thermal-like energy spectrum.To achieve a low energy bandwidth,we place a mass-limited carbon structure at the rear of the target.Using 3D particle-in-cell simulations,we show that a quasi-monochromatic carbon bunch can indeed be obtained.With a multi-PW laser pulse,10^(8) carbon ions with peak energy~110 MeV/u and with a divergence of 20° in the vertical plane and~1° in the horizontal plane can be generated.The quasi-monochromaticity,together with the low duration of the beam and in combination with the versatility of high-power laser facilities,should make this scheme attractive for practical applications such as heavy ion cancer therapy and higher-resolution diagnostics of extreme plasma states.
基金supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant Nos.2021ZD0301200,2021ZD0303200,and 2021ZD0301500)the Alliance of International Science Organizations(ANSO)。
文摘Recently,large-scale trapped ion systems have been realized in experiments for quantum simulation and quantum computation.They are the simplest systems for dynamical stability and parametric resonance.In this model,the Mathieu equation plays the most fundamental role for us to understand the stability and instability of a single ion.In this work,we investigate the dynamics of trapped ions with the Coulomb interaction based on the Hamiltonian equation.We show that the many-body interaction will not influence the phase diagram for instability.Then,the dynamics of this model in the large damping limit will also be analytically calculated using few trapped ions.Furthermore,we find that in the presence of modulation,synchronization dynamics can be observed,showing an exchange of velocities between distant ions on the left side and on the right side of the trap.These dynamics resemble that of the exchange of velocities in Newton's cradle for the collision of balls at the same time.These dynamics are independent of their initial conditions and the number of ions.As a unique feature of the interacting Mathieu equation,we hope this behavior,which leads to a quasi-periodic solution,can be measured in current experimental systems.Finally,we have also discussed the effect of anharmonic trapping potential,showing the desynchronization during the collision process.It is hoped that the dynamics in this many-body Mathieu equation with damping may find applications in quantum simulations.This model may also find interesting applications in dynamics systems as a pure mathematical problem,which may be beyond the results in the Floquet theorem.
文摘This study investigates the potential of natural Brown Coal(BC)as a sustainable,cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of manganese(Mn2+)from contaminated groundwater.A series of batch adsorp-tion experiments was conducted to assess the influence of key operational parameters—such as solution pH,2+initial Mn concentration,BC dosage,temperature,and the presence of competing ions—on 2+Mn removal efficiency.The environmental compatibility and regeneration potential of BC were also evaluated to deter-mine its practical viability for repeated use.To better understand the adsorption behaviour,equilibrium and kinetic data were analysed using established isotherm and kinetic models,while thermodynamic parameters were computed to assess the spontaneity and thermal characteristics of the adsorption process.Furthermore,geochemical modelling and comprehensive BC characterization—including surface morphology,miner-alogical and elemental composition,and functional group analysis—were 2+performed to elucidate Mn speciation under varying environmental conditions and to uncover the underlying adsorption mechanisms.2+Results showed that Mn removal efficiency increased with higher pH,temperature,and BC dosage,but 2+declined at elevated initial Mn concentrations due to active site saturation.The process was spontaneous 2 and endothermic,with the Langmuir isotherm model(R=0.994)and pseudo-second-order kinetic model 2(R=0.996)providing the best fit to experimental data.Mechanistic analysis indicated that chemisorption,2+primarily through ion exchange and inner-sphere complexation,was the dominant mode of Mn uptake.3+The presence of competing cations,especially Fe and Cu2+,2+significantly hindered Mn removal due to preferential binding.Importantly,BC exhibited strong reusability,maintaining over 80%removal effi-ciency across four adsorption–desorption cycles without evidence of secondary pollutants.These findings demonstrate the potential of natural BC as an efficient,reusable,and environmentally benign material for treating manganese-contaminated groundwater.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22174016,22374019,and 22209025)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220799).
文摘Nanochannel technology based on ionic current rectification has emerged as a powerful tool for the detection of biomolecules owing to unique advantages.Nevertheless,existing nanochannel sensors mainly focus on the detection of targets in solution or inside the cells,moreover,they only have a single function,greatly limiting their application.Herein,we fabricated SuperDNA self-assembled conical nanochannel,which was clamped in the middle of self-made device for two functions:Online detecting living cells released TNF-αand studying intercellular communication.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)membrane incubated tumor associated macrophages and tumor cells was rolled up and inserted into the left and right chamber of the device,respectively.Through monitoring the ion current change in the nanochannel,tumor associated macrophages released TNF-αcould be in situ and noninvasive detected with a detection limit of 0.23 pg/mL.Furthermore,the secreted TNF-αinduced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of tumor cells in the right chamber was also studied.The presented strategy displayed outstanding performance and multi-function,providing a promising platform for in situ non-destructive detection of cell secretions and related intercellular communication analysis.
文摘Correction:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2025)36:4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01548-5 In this article,the caption for Fig(s)1,3,and 4 was inadvert-ently truncated.The incorrect and the corrected captions are given below.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2341261 and 12375280)the Young Potential Program of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YXJH-2022002)the National MCF Energy R&D Program(No.2022YFE03110000).
文摘In-situ TEM observation was conducted during Ni^(+)&He^(+)dual-beam irradiation to monitor the evolution of dislocation loops accompanied by He bubbles in the Ni-based alloy GH3535.Two distinct evolutions of dislocation loops,driven by residual stresses,were observed within the monitored grains.Hence,molec-ular dynamics(MD)simulations were employed to reveal the effects of stress magnitude and direction on loop evolution,including size,number density,type and variation.The simulations revealed that the presence of compressive stress reduced the formation energy of perfect dislocation loops,thus promoting their formation.Stress state was found to influence the preferential orientation of the loops,and com-pressive stress resulted in a decreased number density of dislocation loops but an increase in their size.This establishes a clear relationship between stress state and magnitude and the evolution of dislocation loops during ion beam irradiation.Additionally,the nature and characteristics of dislocation loops were quantified to explore the effects of He concentrations on their evolution.The higher He concentration not only promotes the nucleation of dislocation loops,leading to their higher number density,but also facil-itates the unfaulting evolution by increasing the stacking fault energy(SFE).Moreover,the accumulation of He in the lower-He-concentration sample led to the growth of dislocation loops in multiple stages,explaining their nearly identical average sizes when compared to the higher-He-concentration sample.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074356,U20A20269)the Key Technology Research and Development Program,China(No.2022YFC2904503)+4 种基金the Special Fund for the Construction of Hunan Province,China(No.2023SK2061)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2022RC1183)the Changsha Science and Technology Project(Changsha Outstanding Innovative Youth Training Program),ChinaInnovation-driven Project of Central South University,China(No.2023CXQD002)Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project,China(No.B14034)。
文摘The ion coordination affinities of the commonly found metal ions were evaluated using DFT calculations.The results indicate that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy of metal ions correlates positively with their binding energies with O(S)ligands,and some metal ions with various valence states also present different affinities.Besides,due to the steric hindrance effects,the mono-and hexa-coordinated metal ions may exhibit different affinities,and the majority of the studied hexa-coordinated metal ions exhibit oxophilicity.These affinity differences perfectly illustrate the activation flotation practice in which the oxyphilic ions are applied to activating oxide minerals,while thiophilic ions are applied to activating sulfide minerals.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52278255 and 51878246)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX24_0195).
文摘A new type of corrosion-resistant alloyed-steel rebar,Cr10MoV,was researched using techniques such as corrosion electrochemistry,X-ray computed tomography,and zero resistance ammeter to systematically study the macro-cell corrosion behavior and corrosion resistance of alloyed-steel rebar in mortar and concrete samples induced by chloride ion concentration in the marine environment.The macro-cell corrosion characteristics and development patterns induced by chloride ion concentration in alloyed-steel rebar were preliminarily revealed.In the macro-cell corrosion system of rebar mortar samples induced by 29 times chloride ion concentration,the corrosion current density of the alloyed-steel rebar combination stabilizes at 1.6–2.4μA/cm^(2),which is only one-third of that of the carbon-steel rebar combination,while the dissimilar steel rebar combination stabilizes at 0–0.4μA/cm^(2).Alloyed-steel rebar and carbon-steel rebar are configured in high concentration and low concentration chlorine salt areas,respectively.With the help of high corrosion resistance,the long-term stable corrosion resistance of alloyed-steel rebar is ensured.The potential difference between carbon-steel rebar and alloyed-steel rebar is reduced to weaken the driving force of macro-cell corrosion.It is a useful way to inhibit the macro-cell corrosion of dissimilar steel rebar and ensure the high corrosion resistance and durability of marine reinforced concrete structures.
基金support by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1305200,to GL)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22104064 to GL,No.22173020 to JL)the US National Institute of Mental Health(No.R01MH122742,to CJW)for financial and instrumental support.
文摘Despite the expansive applications of gas-phase unfolding techniques,the molecular mechanism for the solvent-free forced unfolding pathway which substrate multidomain proteins usually adopt remains elusive at the secondary structure level.Herein,upon carefully selecting CRM_(197) as a therapeutically-relevant model system containing multiple secondary structure-separated domains,we systematically examine its solvent-free unfolding pathway.Further-more,utilizing the hybrid of noncovalent chemical probing with niacinamide and ion mobility-mass spectrometry-guided all-atom molecular dynamics simulations,we map a nearly complete unfolding atlas for the conjugate vaccine carrier protein CRM_(197) in a domain-and secondary structure-resolved manner.The totality of our data supports the preferential unfolding of the sheet-rich domain,indicating the dynamic transition from β-sheet toα-helix,and demonstrating that helix exhibit comparatively higher stability thanβ-sheets.We propose that this sheet-to-helix dynamic transition may be central to the gas-phase unfolding pathways of multidomain proteins,suggesting the need for systematic studies on additional multidomain protein systems.
基金This mission was supported by the China Manned Space Office。
文摘The energetic particle detector on China's space station can determine the energy, flux, and direction of medium-and highenergy protons, electrons, heavy ions, and neutrons within the path of the station's orbit. It also assesses the linear energy transfer(LET)spectra and radiation dose rates generated by these particles. Neutron detection is a significant component of this work, utilizing a new type of Cs_(2)LiYCl_(6): Ce scintillator material along with plastic scintillators as sensors. In-orbit testing has demonstrated the efficient identification of space neutrons and gamma rays(n/γ). This data plays a crucial role in supporting manned space engineering, scientific research, and other related fields.
基金the support the National Natural Science Foundation of China(5210440)S&T Program of Hebei(23311501D)Program of HBIS Group under HG2023222。
文摘In this study,a cleaner method for separation and recovery of V/W/Na in waste selective catalytic reduction(SCR)catalyst alkaline leaching solution was proposed.The method involved membrane electrolysis followed by ion morphology pretreatme nt and solvent extraction.An acidic V(Ⅴ)/W(Ⅵ)solution was obtained using the me mbrane electrolysis method without adding any other chemical reagents.In addition,Na was recovered in the form of NaOH by product,avoiding the generation of Na containing wastewater.The electrolysis parameters were investigated,the lowest power consumption of 3063 kW·h·t^(-1)NaOH was obtained at a current density of 125 A·m^(-2)and an initial NaOH concentration of 2 mol·L^(-1).After electrolysis,oxalic acid was added to the acidic V/W containing solution,converting V(Ⅴ)negative ion to V(Ⅳ)positive ion.Since W(Ⅵ)ion state remained in negative form,the generation of heteropolyacid ions(W_(x)V_(y)O_(z)^(n-))was prevented.It was found that under the condition of oxalic acid addition/theoretical consumption 1.2 and reaction temperature 75℃,100%V(Ⅴ)was co nverted to V(Ⅳ4).Using 10%N263+10%noctanol+80%sulfonated kerosene as extractant,the highest W(Ⅵ)/V(Ⅳ)separation coefficient of 7559.76was obtained at pH=1.8,O:A ratio=1:1 and extraction time 15 min.With 2 mol·L^(-1)NaOH as stripping reagent,the W stripping efficiency reached 98.50%at O:A ratio=2:1 after 4-stages of stripping.The enrichment of V remained in the solution was realized using P204 as extractant and 20%(mass)H_(2)SO_(4)as stripping reagent.The parameters of extraction/stripping process were investigated,using 10%P204+10%TBP+80%sulfonated kerosene as extractant,the V extraction efficiency reached 97.50%at O:A ratio=1:2after 4 stages of extraction.Using 20%H_(2)SO_(4)as the stripping reagent,the V stripping efficiency was 98.30%at an O:A ratio of 4:1 after five stage s of stripping.After the entire process,a high-purity VOSO_(4)and Na_(2)WO_(4)product solutions were obtained with V/W recovery efficiency 95.84%/98.50%,separately.This study examined a more effective and cleaner method for separating V/W/Na in Na_(2)WO_(4)/NaVO_(3)solution,which may serve as a reference for the separation and recovery of V/W/Na in waste SCR catalysts.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (61761047 and 41876055)Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in University of Yunnan Province。
文摘Aqueous zincion batteries are highly favored for grid-level energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety,but their practical application is limited by slow ion migration.To address this,a strategy has been developed to create a cation-accelerating electric field on the surface of the cathode to achieve ultrafast Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.By employing electrodeposition to coat MoS_(2)on the surface of BaV_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)O nanowires,the directional builtin electric field generated at the heterointerface acts as a cation accelerator,continuously accelerating Zn^(2+)diffusion into the active material.The optimized Zn^(2+)diffusion coefficient in CC@BaV-V_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)@MoS_(2)(7.5×10^(8)cm^(2)s^(-1)) surpasses that of most reported V-based cathodes.Simultaneously,MoS_(2)serving as a cathodic armor extends the cycling life of the Zn-CC@BaV_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)@MoS_(2)full batteries to over 10000 cycles.This work provides valuable insights into optimizing ion diffusion kinetics for high-performance energy storage devices.
