The healthcare internet of things(IoT)system has dramatically reshaped this important industry sector.This system employs the latest technology of IoT and wireless medical sensor networks to support the reliable conne...The healthcare internet of things(IoT)system has dramatically reshaped this important industry sector.This system employs the latest technology of IoT and wireless medical sensor networks to support the reliable connection of patients and healthcare providers.The goal is the remote monitoring of a patient’s physiological data by physicians.Moreover,this system can reduce the number and expenses of healthcare centers,make up for the shortage of healthcare centers in remote areas,enable consultation with expert physicians around the world,and increase the health awareness of communities.The major challenges that affect the rapid deployment and widespread acceptance of such a system are the weaknesses in the authentication process,which should maintain the privacy of patients,and the integrity of remote medical instructions.Current research results indicate the need of a flexible authentication scheme.This study proposes a scheme with enhanced security for healthcare IoT systems,called an end-to-end authentication scheme for healthcare IoT systems,that is,an E2EA.The proposed scheme supports security services such as a strong and flexible authentication process,simultaneous anonymity of the patient and physician,and perfect forward secrecy services.A security analysis based on formal and informal methods demonstrates that the proposed scheme can resist numerous security-related attacks.A comparison with related authentication schemes shows that the proposed scheme is efficient in terms of communication,computation,and storage,and therefore cannot only offer attractive security services but can reasonably be applied to healthcare IoT systems.展开更多
The concept of Internet of Things（IoT）was first proposed by MIT Prof.Kevin Ash-ton in 1999.The implementation of IoT was mainly through RFID in its early time.With advanced technology and manufacture,diverse impleme...The concept of Internet of Things（IoT）was first proposed by MIT Prof.Kevin Ash-ton in 1999.The implementation of IoT was mainly through RFID in its early time.With advanced technology and manufacture,diverse implementation forms of IoT are becoming possible.Wearable devices,as an essential branch of IoT,will have broad application prospects in health monitoring and intelligent healthcare.展开更多
Complex networks on the Internet of Things(IoT)and brain communication are the main focus of this paper.The benefits of complex networks may be applicable in the future research directions of 6G,photonic,IoT,brain,etc...Complex networks on the Internet of Things(IoT)and brain communication are the main focus of this paper.The benefits of complex networks may be applicable in the future research directions of 6G,photonic,IoT,brain,etc.,communication technologies.Heavy data traffic,huge capacity,minimal level of dynamic latency,etc.are some of the future requirements in 5G+and 6G communication systems.In emerging communication,technologies such as 5G+/6G-based photonic sensor communication and complex networks play an important role in improving future requirements of IoT and brain communication.In this paper,the state of the complex system considered as a complex network(the connection between the brain cells,neurons,etc.)needs measurement for analyzing the functions of the neurons during brain communication.Here,we measure the state of the complex system through observability.Using 5G+/6G-based photonic sensor nodes,finding observability influenced by the concept of contraction provides the stability of neurons.When IoT or any sensors fail to measure the state of the connectivity in the 5G+or 6G communication due to external noise and attacks,some information about the sensor nodes during the communication will be lost.Similarly,neurons considered sing the complex networks concept neuron sensors in the brain lose communication and connections.Therefore,affected sensor nodes in a contraction are equivalent to compensate for maintaining stability conditions.In this compensation,loss of observability depends on the contraction size which is a key factor for employing a complex network.To analyze the observability recovery,we can use a contraction detection algorithm with complex network properties.Our survey paper shows that contraction size will allow us to improve the performance of brain communication,stability of neurons,etc.,through the clustering coefficient considered in the contraction detection algorithm.In addition,we discuss the scalability of IoT communication using 5G+/6G-based photonic technology.展开更多
Smart cities have different contradicting goals having no apparent solution.The selection of the appropriate solution,which is considered the best compromise among the candidates,is known as complex problem-solving.Sm...Smart cities have different contradicting goals having no apparent solution.The selection of the appropriate solution,which is considered the best compromise among the candidates,is known as complex problem-solving.Smart city administrators face different problems of complex nature,such as optimal energy trading in microgrids and optimal comfort index in smart homes,to mention a few.This paper proposes a novel architecture to offer complex problem solutions as a service(CPSaaS)based on predictive model optimization and optimal task orchestration to offer solutions to different problems in a smart city.Predictive model optimization uses a machine learning module and optimization objective to compute the given problem’s solutions.The task orchestration module helps decompose the complex problem in small tasks and deploy them on real-world physical sensors and actuators.The proposed architecture is hierarchical and modular,making it robust against faults and easy to maintain.The proposed architecture’s evaluation results highlight its strengths in fault tolerance,accuracy,and processing speed.展开更多
The healthcare IoT system is considered to be a significant and modern medical system.There is broad consensus that these systems will play a vital role in the achievement of economic growth in numerous growth countri...The healthcare IoT system is considered to be a significant and modern medical system.There is broad consensus that these systems will play a vital role in the achievement of economic growth in numerous growth countries.Among the major challenges preventing the fast and widespread adoption of such systems is the failure to maintain the data privacy of patients and the integrity of remote clinical diagnostics.Recently,the author proposed an end-to-end authentication scheme for healthcare IoT systems(E2EA),to provide a mutual authentication with a high data rate between the communication nodes of the healthcare IoT systems.Although the E2EA authentication scheme supports numerous attractive security services to resist various types of attack,there is an ambiguous view of the impact of the desynchronization attack on the E2EA authentication scheme.In general,the performance of the authentication scheme is considered a critical issue when evaluating the applicability of such schemes,along with the security services that can be achieved.Therefore,this paper discusses how the E2EA authentication scheme can resist the desynchronization attack through all possible attack scenarios.Additionally,the effect of the desynchronization attack on the E2EA scheme performance is analyzed in terms of its computation and communication costs,based on a comparison with the recently related authentication schemes that can prevent such attack.Moreover,this research paper finds that the E2EA authentication scheme can not only prevent the desynchronization attack,but also offers a low cost in terms of computations and communications,and can maintain consistency and synchronization between the communication nodes of the healthcare IoT systems during the next authentication sessions.展开更多
文摘The healthcare internet of things(IoT)system has dramatically reshaped this important industry sector.This system employs the latest technology of IoT and wireless medical sensor networks to support the reliable connection of patients and healthcare providers.The goal is the remote monitoring of a patient’s physiological data by physicians.Moreover,this system can reduce the number and expenses of healthcare centers,make up for the shortage of healthcare centers in remote areas,enable consultation with expert physicians around the world,and increase the health awareness of communities.The major challenges that affect the rapid deployment and widespread acceptance of such a system are the weaknesses in the authentication process,which should maintain the privacy of patients,and the integrity of remote medical instructions.Current research results indicate the need of a flexible authentication scheme.This study proposes a scheme with enhanced security for healthcare IoT systems,called an end-to-end authentication scheme for healthcare IoT systems,that is,an E2EA.The proposed scheme supports security services such as a strong and flexible authentication process,simultaneous anonymity of the patient and physician,and perfect forward secrecy services.A security analysis based on formal and informal methods demonstrates that the proposed scheme can resist numerous security-related attacks.A comparison with related authentication schemes shows that the proposed scheme is efficient in terms of communication,computation,and storage,and therefore cannot only offer attractive security services but can reasonably be applied to healthcare IoT systems.
文摘The concept of Internet of Things（IoT）was first proposed by MIT Prof.Kevin Ash-ton in 1999.The implementation of IoT was mainly through RFID in its early time.With advanced technology and manufacture,diverse implementation forms of IoT are becoming possible.Wearable devices,as an essential branch of IoT,will have broad application prospects in health monitoring and intelligent healthcare.
基金support from the USA-based research group(Computing and Engineering,Indiana University)the KSA-based research group(Department of Computer Science,King Abdulaziz University).
文摘Complex networks on the Internet of Things(IoT)and brain communication are the main focus of this paper.The benefits of complex networks may be applicable in the future research directions of 6G,photonic,IoT,brain,etc.,communication technologies.Heavy data traffic,huge capacity,minimal level of dynamic latency,etc.are some of the future requirements in 5G+and 6G communication systems.In emerging communication,technologies such as 5G+/6G-based photonic sensor communication and complex networks play an important role in improving future requirements of IoT and brain communication.In this paper,the state of the complex system considered as a complex network(the connection between the brain cells,neurons,etc.)needs measurement for analyzing the functions of the neurons during brain communication.Here,we measure the state of the complex system through observability.Using 5G+/6G-based photonic sensor nodes,finding observability influenced by the concept of contraction provides the stability of neurons.When IoT or any sensors fail to measure the state of the connectivity in the 5G+or 6G communication due to external noise and attacks,some information about the sensor nodes during the communication will be lost.Similarly,neurons considered sing the complex networks concept neuron sensors in the brain lose communication and connections.Therefore,affected sensor nodes in a contraction are equivalent to compensate for maintaining stability conditions.In this compensation,loss of observability depends on the contraction size which is a key factor for employing a complex network.To analyze the observability recovery,we can use a contraction detection algorithm with complex network properties.Our survey paper shows that contraction size will allow us to improve the performance of brain communication,stability of neurons,etc.,through the clustering coefficient considered in the contraction detection algorithm.In addition,we discuss the scalability of IoT communication using 5G+/6G-based photonic technology.
基金This research was supported by Energy Cloud R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT(2019M3F2A1073387)this research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2018R1D1A1A09082919)this research was supported by Institute for Information&communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2018-0-01456,AutoMaTa:Autonomous Management framework based on artificial intelligent Technology for adaptive and disposable IoT).Any correspondence related to this paper should be addressed to Dohyeun Kim.
文摘Smart cities have different contradicting goals having no apparent solution.The selection of the appropriate solution,which is considered the best compromise among the candidates,is known as complex problem-solving.Smart city administrators face different problems of complex nature,such as optimal energy trading in microgrids and optimal comfort index in smart homes,to mention a few.This paper proposes a novel architecture to offer complex problem solutions as a service(CPSaaS)based on predictive model optimization and optimal task orchestration to offer solutions to different problems in a smart city.Predictive model optimization uses a machine learning module and optimization objective to compute the given problem’s solutions.The task orchestration module helps decompose the complex problem in small tasks and deploy them on real-world physical sensors and actuators.The proposed architecture is hierarchical and modular,making it robust against faults and easy to maintain.The proposed architecture’s evaluation results highlight its strengths in fault tolerance,accuracy,and processing speed.
文摘The healthcare IoT system is considered to be a significant and modern medical system.There is broad consensus that these systems will play a vital role in the achievement of economic growth in numerous growth countries.Among the major challenges preventing the fast and widespread adoption of such systems is the failure to maintain the data privacy of patients and the integrity of remote clinical diagnostics.Recently,the author proposed an end-to-end authentication scheme for healthcare IoT systems(E2EA),to provide a mutual authentication with a high data rate between the communication nodes of the healthcare IoT systems.Although the E2EA authentication scheme supports numerous attractive security services to resist various types of attack,there is an ambiguous view of the impact of the desynchronization attack on the E2EA authentication scheme.In general,the performance of the authentication scheme is considered a critical issue when evaluating the applicability of such schemes,along with the security services that can be achieved.Therefore,this paper discusses how the E2EA authentication scheme can resist the desynchronization attack through all possible attack scenarios.Additionally,the effect of the desynchronization attack on the E2EA scheme performance is analyzed in terms of its computation and communication costs,based on a comparison with the recently related authentication schemes that can prevent such attack.Moreover,this research paper finds that the E2EA authentication scheme can not only prevent the desynchronization attack,but also offers a low cost in terms of computations and communications,and can maintain consistency and synchronization between the communication nodes of the healthcare IoT systems during the next authentication sessions.
