Seyitgazi and Han districts,located in the south of Eskişehir in Central Anatolia,in western Türkiye,host interesting landforms,such as steep slopes,mesas and butte structures,fault-guided slopes,valleys,fairy ch...Seyitgazi and Han districts,located in the south of Eskişehir in Central Anatolia,in western Türkiye,host interesting landforms,such as steep slopes,mesas and butte structures,fault-guided slopes,valleys,fairy chimneys,castle koppies,pillars,weathered rock blocks,perched rocks,cavernous weathering features,grooves,and gnammas,formed on tuffs in semi-arid to semi-humid climatic conditions,as well as geoarchaeological remains belonging to various civilisations,primarily the Phrygians(including rock-cut tombs and settlements,fortresses,rock churches,façades,altars,and niches).This study aims at identifying these remarkable landforms that host cultural heritage and revealing the geoheritage value and geotourism potential of the region.The data obtained from the fieldwork were evaluated using the methodology proposed by Pereira and Pereira in 2010,and 26 geomorphosites were selected from 61 potential sites using this method.The analysis results revealed that although the region hosts numerous geomorphosites with high scientific,cultural,aesthetic,and ecological value,the overall levels of protection and touristic use of these landforms are generally low.Indeed,the area,which has the potential to be an important tourism region in the future,faces problems such as infrastructure deficiencies,transportation difficulties,lack of promotion,weaknesses in accommodation services,and destruction of geoheritage.These results highlight the importance of implementing sustainable geotourism strategies that are compatible with the region’s unique geoheritage.In this respect,this study is among the first to comprehensively inventory and assess the geomorphosites of Mountainous Phrygia,contributing to regional geoconservation and sustainable tourism development.展开更多
This study presents an emission inventory for 2022,focusing on assessing the emissions of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(x),SO_(2),CO,and VOC from India's road transport,residential,and thermal power sectors.Road transport ...This study presents an emission inventory for 2022,focusing on assessing the emissions of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(x),SO_(2),CO,and VOC from India's road transport,residential,and thermal power sectors.Road transport emissions were estimated using a vehicle kilometer traveled methodology derived from a survey of 200,000 vehicles.A regression analysis was conducted to assess residential fuel usage,considering recent changes in consumption patterns and updated data on cleaner fuels.Estimates for the thermal power sector were based on emission monitoring data.The residential sector is the predominant source of PM_(2.5)(1112 kt),PM_(10)(1678 kt),CO(10630 kt),and VOC(2558 kt).The thermal power sector is the predominant source of secondary air pollutant precursors such as NO_(x)(2328 kt)and SO_(2)(4694 kt).India has the highest emission intensity per gross domestic product(GDP)across sectors compared to other countries.For example,PM_(2.5)emissions per GDP from the roads in India are 14,21,and 10 times that of those in China,the USA,and Europe.The southern(29%),eastern(30%),and central(36%)regions were the notable contributors to emissions from transport,residential,and thermal power sectors.Urban areas contributed 5%of the total residential sector emissions across India but 25%of the total road transport sector emissions nationwide.Moreover,power plants within or near the non-attainment cities were responsible for 12%of the overall thermal power pollution recorded across India.The study identifies unequal emission burdens,with economically disadvantaged regions bearing the brunt.展开更多
Accurate,reliable,and regularly updated information is necessary for targeted management of forest stands.This information is usually obtained from sample-based field inventory data.Due to the time-consuming and costl...Accurate,reliable,and regularly updated information is necessary for targeted management of forest stands.This information is usually obtained from sample-based field inventory data.Due to the time-consuming and costly procedure of forest inventory,it is imperative to generate and use the resulting data optimally.Integrating field inventory information with remote sensing data increases the value of field approaches,such as national forest inventories.This study investigated the optimal integration of forest inventory data with aerial image-based canopy height models(CHM)for forest growing stock estimation.For this purpose,fixed-area and angle-count plots from a forest area in Austria were used to assess which type of inventory system is more suitable when the field data is integrated with aerial image analysis.Although a higher correlation was observed between remotely predicted growing stocks and field inventory values for fixed-area plots,the paired t-test results revealed no statistical difference between the two methods.The R2 increased by 0.08 points and the RMSE decreased by 7.7 percentage points(24.8m^(3)·ha^(−1))using fixed-area plots.Since tree height is the most critical variable essential for modeling forest growing stock using aerial images,we also compared the tree heights obtained from CHM to those from the typical field inventory approach.The result shows a high correlation(R^(2)=0.781)between the tree heights extracted from the CHM and those measured in the field.However,the correlation decreased by 0.113 points and the RMSE increased by 4.2 percentage points(1.04m)when the allometrically derived tree heights were analyzed.Moreover,the results of the paired t-test revealed that there is no significant statistical difference between the tree heights extracted from CHM and those measured in the field,but there is a significant statistical difference when the CHM-derived and the allometrically-derived heights were compared.This proved that image-based CHM can obtain more accurate tree height information than field inventory estimations.Overall,the results of this study demonstrated that image-based CHM can be integrated into the forest inventory data at large scales and provide reliable information on forest growing stock.The produced maps reflect the variability of growth conditions and developmental stages of different forest stands.This information is required to characterize the status and changes,e.g.,in forest structure diversity,parameters for volume,and can be used for forest aboveground biomass estimation,which plays an important role in managing and controlling forest resources in mid-term forest management.This is of particular interest to forest managers and forest ecologists.展开更多
Numerous studies documented the occurrence of organophosphate tri-esters(tri-OPEs)and di-esters(di-OPEs)in the environment.Little information is available on their occurrence in waste consumer products,reservoirs and ...Numerous studies documented the occurrence of organophosphate tri-esters(tri-OPEs)and di-esters(di-OPEs)in the environment.Little information is available on their occurrence in waste consumer products,reservoirs and sources of these chemicals.This study collected and analyzed 92 waste consumer products manufactured from diverse polymers,including polyurethane foam(PUF),polystyrene(PS),acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS),polypropylene(PP),and polyethylene(PE)to obtain information on the occurrence and profiles of 16 tri-OPEs and 10 di-OPEs.Total concentrations of di-OPEs(18−370,000 ng/g,median 1,700 ng/g)were one order of magnitude lower than those of tri-OPEs(94−4,500,000 ng/g,median 5,400 ng/g).The concentrations of both tri-and di-OPEs in products made of PUF,PS,and ABS were orders of magnitude higher than those made of PP and PE.The compositional patterns of OPEs varied among different polymer types but were generally dominated by bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate),triphenyl phosphate,tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate,di-phenyl phosphate(DPHP),and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate.Two industrially applied di-OPEs(di-n-butyl phosphate and DPHP)exhibited higher levels than their respective tri-OPEs,contrary to their production volumes.Some non-industrially applied chlorinated di-OPEs were also detected,with concentrations up to 97,000 ng/g.These findings suggest that degradation of tri-OPEs during the manufacturing and use of products is an important source of di-OPEs.The mass inventories of tri-OPEs and di-OPEs in consumer products were estimated at 3,100 and 750 tons/year,respectively.This study highlights the importance of consumer products as emission sources of a broad suite of OPEs.展开更多
Recently,the transportation sector in China has gradually become the main source of urban air pollution and primary driver of carbon emissions growth.Considering air pollutants and greenhouse gases come from the same ...Recently,the transportation sector in China has gradually become the main source of urban air pollution and primary driver of carbon emissions growth.Considering air pollutants and greenhouse gases come from the same emission sources,it is necessary to establish an updated high-resolution emission inventory for the transportation sector in Central China,themost polluted region in China.The inventory includes on-road mobile,non-roadmobile,oil storage and transportation,and covers 9 types of air pollutants and 3 types of greenhouse gases.Based on the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System(LEAP)model,the emissions of pollutants were predicted for the period from2020 to 2035 in different scenarios.Results showed that in 2020,emissions of SO_(2),NO_(x),CO,PM_(10),PM_(2.5),VOCs,NH_(3),BC,OC,CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O in Henan Province were 27.5,503.2,878.6,20.1,17.4,222.1,21.5,9.4,2.9,92,077.9,6.0,and 10.4 kilotons,respectively.Energy demand and pollutant emissions in Henan Province are simulated under four scenarios(Baseline Scenario(BS),Pollution Abatement Scenario(PA),Green Transportation Scenario(GT),and Reinforcing Low Carbon Scenario(RLC)).The collaborative emission reduction effect is most significant in the RLC scenario,followed by the GT scenario.By 2035,under the RLC scenario,energy consumption and emissions of SO_(2),NO_(x),CO,PM_(10),PM_(2.5),VOCs,NH_(3),CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O are projected to decrease by 72.0%,30.0%,55.6%,56.0%,38.6%,39.7%,51.5%,66.1%,65.5%,55.4%,and 52.8%,respectively.This study provides fundamental data support for subsequent numerical simulations.展开更多
Carbonyl sulfide(COS)is an effective tracer for estimating Gross Primary Productivity(GPP)in the carbon cycle.As the largest contribution to the atmosphere,anthropogenic COS emissions must be accurately quantified.In ...Carbonyl sulfide(COS)is an effective tracer for estimating Gross Primary Productivity(GPP)in the carbon cycle.As the largest contribution to the atmosphere,anthropogenic COS emissions must be accurately quantified.In this study,an anthropogenic COS emission inventory from 2015 to 2021 was constructed by applying the bottom-up approach based on activity data from emission sources.China’s anthropogenic COS emissions increased from approximately 171 to 198 Gg S yr^(-1)from 2015-2021,differing from the trends of other pollutants.Despite an initial decline in COS emissions across sectors during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic,a rapid rebound in emissions occurred following the resumption of economic activities.In 2021,industrial sources,coal combustion,agriculture and vehicle exhaust accounted for 76.8%,12.3%,10.5%and 0.4%of total COS emissions,respectively.The aluminum industry was the primary COS emitter among industrial sources,contributing40.7% of total emissions.Shandong,Shanxi,and Zhejiang were the top three provinces in terms of anthropogenic COS emissions,reaching 39,21 and 17 Gg S yr-1,respectively.Provincial-level regions(hereafter province)with high COS emissions are observed mainly in the eastern and coastal regions of China,which,together with the wind direction,helps explain the pattern of high COS concentrations in the Western Pacific Ocean in winter.The Green Contribution Coefficient of COS(GCCCOS)was used to assess the relationship between GDP and COS emissions,highlighting the disparity between GDP and COS contributions to green development.As part of this analysis,relevant recommendations are proposed to address this disparity.The COS emission inventory in our study can be used as input for the Sulfur Transport and Deposition Model(STEM),reducing uncertainties in the atmospheric COS source?sink budget and promoting understanding of the atmosphere sulfur cycle.展开更多
In the self-built fruit and vegetable sorting warehouse of Lushang Group,the system is automatically scanning the QR code for agricultural product and conducts pesticide residue testing on fruits and vegetables;new pr...In the self-built fruit and vegetable sorting warehouse of Lushang Group,the system is automatically scanning the QR code for agricultural product and conducts pesticide residue testing on fruits and vegetables;new products from foreign trade factories will be directly transported to Ginza Supermarket through the“Direct Express for Domestic Product”channel,and will be shelved on the“Lushang Life”service platform within 48 hours;in front of the campus intelligent milk cabinet independently launched by Lushang Technology,students receive pasteurized milk by brushing their faces,and the data about milk source farms and sterilization parameters are sent to the parents simultaneously.This is the daily scenario of digital applications by Lushang Group’s full supply chain management.展开更多
Soil fugitive dust(SFD)is characterized by a variety of sources and considerable spatialtemporal variability,exerting a significant impact on environmental air quality and ecological systems in cities across northern ...Soil fugitive dust(SFD)is characterized by a variety of sources and considerable spatialtemporal variability,exerting a significant impact on environmental air quality and ecological systems in cities across northern China.Multiple factors can shape SFD emission.Nevertheless,the current comprehension of its critical impact factors and quantitative methodologies remains constrained.This study utilizes interpretable machine learning techniques to identify the principal impact factors of SFD and their interactions while delineating their action thresholds.The findings reveal seasonal variations in impact factors and emphasize the substantial effect of bare soil source strength on SFD,including parameters such as bare soil area and soil moisture.Consequently,the Wind Erosion Equation model is optimized following these findings to localize its parameters and improve its capability to calculate hourly SFD emissions.The case application is validated using observational data,demonstrating the reliability and precision of the optimized methodology.This study provides insights and solutions for the local optimization of SFD parameterization schemes and further supports the formulation of precise prevention and control policies for SFD.展开更多
The rapid development of vocational colleges in China brings about the explosive growth of the number and category of state-owned assets that guarantees the development of vocational colleges. The special equipment an...The rapid development of vocational colleges in China brings about the explosive growth of the number and category of state-owned assets that guarantees the development of vocational colleges. The special equipment and the general equipment included in the state-owned assets of vocational colleges are increasing at the fastest rate. Based on the problems from equipment inventory, this paper analyzes the problems of state-owned management, and puts forward countermeasures to improve the management of state-owned assets from formulating regulations and rules, strengthening the unified institution, applying the information technologies in building the team of administrators.展开更多
Remote sensing(RS)facilitates forest inventory across a wide range of variables required by the UNFCCC as well as by other agreements and processes.The Conventional model-based(CMB)estimator supports wall-to-wall RS d...Remote sensing(RS)facilitates forest inventory across a wide range of variables required by the UNFCCC as well as by other agreements and processes.The Conventional model-based(CMB)estimator supports wall-to-wall RS data,while Hybrid estimators support surveys where RS data are available as a sample.However,the connection between these two types of monitoring procedures has been unclear,hindering the reconciliation of wall-to-wall and non-wall-to-wall use of RS data in practical applications and thus potentially impeding cost-efficient deployment of high-end sensing instruments for large area monitoring.Consequently,our objectives are to(1)shed further light on the connections between different types of Hybrid estimators,and between CMB and Hybrid estimators,through mathematical analyses and Monte Carlo simulations;and(2)compare the effects and explore the tradeoffs related to the RS sampling design,coverage rate,and cluster size on estimation precision.Primary findings are threefold:(1)the CMB estimator represents a special case of Hybrid estimators,signifying that wallto-wall RS data is a particular instance of sample-based RS data;(2)the precision of estimators in forest inventory can be greater for stratified non-wall-to-wall RS data compared to wall-to-wall RS data;(3)otherwise costprohibitive sensing,such as LiDAR and UAV,can support large scale monitoring through collecting RS data as a sample.These conclusions may reconcile different perspectives regarding choice of RS instruments,data acquisition,and cost for continuous observations,particularly in the context of surveys aiming at providing data for mitigating climate change.展开更多
This paper analyzes how artificial intelligence (AI) automation can improve warehouse management compared to emerging technologies like drone usage. Specifically, we evaluate AI’s impact on crucial warehouse function...This paper analyzes how artificial intelligence (AI) automation can improve warehouse management compared to emerging technologies like drone usage. Specifically, we evaluate AI’s impact on crucial warehouse functions—inventory tracking, order fulfillment, and logistics efficiency. Our findings indicate AI automation enables real-time inventory visibility, optimized picking routes, and dynamic delivery scheduling, which drones cannot match. AI better leverages data insights for intelligent decision-making across warehouse operations, supporting improved productivity and lower operating costs.展开更多
Island ecosystems support diverse aquatic invertebrate communities comprising endemic taxa.Documentation of existing species is important for conservation.In this study,a checklist of marine opisthobranch from the Rep...Island ecosystems support diverse aquatic invertebrate communities comprising endemic taxa.Documentation of existing species is important for conservation.In this study,a checklist of marine opisthobranch from the Republic of Mauritius is presented.A combination of benthic surveys(50 m×5 m in triplicates),rover diving techniques and photo documentation were used over two years(2018–2020)within 35 sheltered and unsheltered lagoons.Morphological and molecular analysis were used for identification.Species composition within sheltered and unsheltered areas in Mauritius was estimated using the Bray-Curtis similarity.The checklist featured 117 species belonging to 61 genera and 28families,of which 13 are new records.The findings increased the knowledge of opisthobranch diversity from the Mauritius by 15.4%.Among the listed species,the distribution range of Cyerce nigra,Actinocyclus papillatus,and Phyllidia picta extended from the Western Pacific to the South Western Indian Ocean.Molecular analysis of the undescribed Gymnodoris sp.showed it resembled Gymnodoris sp.from Hawaii and were different by a genetic distance value of 10.6%.The species richness and evenness were higher within the sheltered regions of Mauritius which harboured the food resource of opisthobranch.These areas as compared to unsheltered regions were heavily populated,suggesting the probable influence of wave actions on opisthobranch diversity and abundance.The order Nudibranchia was reported as most speciose,with 86 species.The Sacoglossa and Nudibranchia were observed only on macroalgae and sponges respectively.High abundance was also recorded on shipwrecks which are the most common form of artificial reefs.With the inclusion of observations from previous studies,201species belonging to 94 genera and 36 families are now known from the Mauritius.展开更多
Unlike the traditional decentralized channel,the drop-shipping channel entails a retailer relaying consumers’orders to the manufacturer,which proceeds to stock the orders and directly ship them to the consumers.This ...Unlike the traditional decentralized channel,the drop-shipping channel entails a retailer relaying consumers’orders to the manufacturer,which proceeds to stock the orders and directly ship them to the consumers.This study explores supply chain coordination and product quality in drop-shipping and traditional channels.Specifically,we analyze the performance of both channels under wholesale price and revenue-sharing contracts.Our study yields several key findings.First,the revenue-sharing contract can coordinate both traditional and drop-shipping channels,effectively increasing supply chain performance.Second,given the channel structure,the retailer prefers the wholesale price contract,whereas the manufacturer prefers the revenue-sharing contract.Third,product quality is higher in the drop-shipping channel when demand uncertainty is high.Finally,the implementation of the revenue-sharing contract increases product quality in the traditional channel,whereas it keeps product quality unchanged in the drop-shipping channel.展开更多
By inducing the typical inventory control problem - the bullwhip effect, this paper presents vendor managed inventory (VMI) control methods on the basis of traditional methods of inventory management methods, construc...By inducing the typical inventory control problem - the bullwhip effect, this paper presents vendor managed inventory (VMI) control methods on the basis of traditional methods of inventory management methods, constructs a VMI mathematics model, and analyzes the influence of VMI on inventory cost and channel profit. Finally, a special case is studied to verify that VMI is an effective supply chain strategy that can not only increase channel profit of supplier and customer but also improve full channel coordination, thereby reducing the bullwhip effect.展开更多
The mutation of spaces observed in the Katangese Copper Belt(KCB)causes significant topographical changes.Some colonial geodetic markers are easily noticeable on many of the hills making up the KCB.These hills are sub...The mutation of spaces observed in the Katangese Copper Belt(KCB)causes significant topographical changes.Some colonial geodetic markers are easily noticeable on many of the hills making up the KCB.These hills are subject to mining which ruins the completeness of the network of triangulations:geometric and trigonometric Katangese.In order to keep control of the latter,the study shows on the one hand the possibility of using SRTM data(Shuttle Radar TopographyMission)in the monitoring of the macro-change of the reliefs,from 442 positions,and on the other hand,an indirect(remote)inventory method of the existing geodetic markers,by restoring the mapping of the said triangulation.Statistical and spatial analyses of paired samples of the 442 individuals allowed the study to observe the negative and positive altimetric variations at the locations of 79 geodetic markers,in an area of approximately two square degrees.In both cases,the research considers that the altimetric variations would exclude the physical existence of certain geodetic markers at their positions,and that we do not find the slightest information relating to their official relocations.展开更多
This study presents a two-echelon inventory routing problem (2E-IRP) with an end-of-tour replenishment (ETR) policy whose distribution network consists of a supplier, several distribution centers (DCs) and several ret...This study presents a two-echelon inventory routing problem (2E-IRP) with an end-of-tour replenishment (ETR) policy whose distribution network consists of a supplier, several distribution centers (DCs) and several retailers on a multi-period planning horizon. A formulation of the problem based on vehicle indices is proposed in the form of a mixed integer linear program (MILP). The mathematical model of the problem is solved using a branch and cut (B&C) algorithm. The results of the tests are compared to the results of a branch and price (B&P) algorithm from the literature on 2E-IRP with a classical distribution policy. The results of the tests show that the B&C algorithm solves 197 out of 200 instances (98.5%). The comparison of the B&C and B&P results shows that 185 best solutions are obtained with the B&C algorithm on 197 instances (93.9%). Overall, the B&C algorithm achieves cost reductions ranging from 0.26% to 41.44% compared to the classic 2E-IRP results solved with the B&P algorithm, with an overall average reduction of 18.08%.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper is to generalize the effect of two-phased demand and variable deterioration within the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) framework. The rate of deterioration is a linear function of time. Th...The main purpose of this paper is to generalize the effect of two-phased demand and variable deterioration within the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) framework. The rate of deterioration is a linear function of time. The two-phased demand function states the constant function for a certain period and the quadratic function of time for the rest part of the cycle time. No shortages as well as partial backlogging are allowed to occur. The mathematical expressions are derived for determining the optimal cycle time, order quantity and total cost function. An easy-to-use working procedure is provided to calculate the above quantities. A couple of numerical examples are cited to explain the theoretical results and sensitivity analysis of some selected examples is carried out.展开更多
This paper studies that the bullwhip effect of order releases and the amplifications of safety stock arise within the supply chain even when the demand model is ARIMA(0, 1, 1) and the forecast method used is a simple ...This paper studies that the bullwhip effect of order releases and the amplifications of safety stock arise within the supply chain even when the demand model is ARIMA(0, 1, 1) and the forecast method used is a simple exponentially weighted moving average. It also examines a vendor managed inventory (VMI) program to determine how it can help alleviate such negative effects, and gives the theoretical proofs and numerical illustrations. The results show that the effects with VMI are better than the effect without VMI in demand forecasting and safety stock levels, etc.展开更多
In order to let the supplier make more reasonable supply decisions,an integrated continuous replenishment policy for the vendor-managed inventory system is presented,which considers the quantity-based shipment consoli...In order to let the supplier make more reasonable supply decisions,an integrated continuous replenishment policy for the vendor-managed inventory system is presented,which considers the quantity-based shipment consolidation and stock replenishment with lead time.Then the system cost is analyzed and a mathematical model is built.Since the model is rather complex,the bounds of the optimal policy are first attained,then the problem is solved by a heuristic algorithm.Through experiments the relationship between the order lead time and the corresponding integrated policy is discussed,and the influence on the system cost is also analyzed.The results reveal that the lead time's influence on the system is more serious with the increase of the order lead time,the integrated policy with the order lead time is more reasonable and the optimal policy can minimize the total system cost.Finally,the parameter sensitivity of the model is analyzed.展开更多
According to the principle of minimizing total cost, the three-echelon optimized medical inventory model with stochastic lead-time and two-echelon optimized medicine inventory model with fixed lead-time are establishe...According to the principle of minimizing total cost, the three-echelon optimized medical inventory model with stochastic lead-time and two-echelon optimized medicine inventory model with fixed lead-time are established. The relationship between lead-time and inventory cost is studied by Matlab software. It shows that the variety of lead-time has an important effect on medicine inventory systems. Numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis of two models are presented by Lingo software. Based on analysis, it is concluded that the two-echelon model with lead-time results in inventory cost savings, and keeps the quality of care as reflected in service levels when compared with the three-echelon network structure.展开更多
文摘Seyitgazi and Han districts,located in the south of Eskişehir in Central Anatolia,in western Türkiye,host interesting landforms,such as steep slopes,mesas and butte structures,fault-guided slopes,valleys,fairy chimneys,castle koppies,pillars,weathered rock blocks,perched rocks,cavernous weathering features,grooves,and gnammas,formed on tuffs in semi-arid to semi-humid climatic conditions,as well as geoarchaeological remains belonging to various civilisations,primarily the Phrygians(including rock-cut tombs and settlements,fortresses,rock churches,façades,altars,and niches).This study aims at identifying these remarkable landforms that host cultural heritage and revealing the geoheritage value and geotourism potential of the region.The data obtained from the fieldwork were evaluated using the methodology proposed by Pereira and Pereira in 2010,and 26 geomorphosites were selected from 61 potential sites using this method.The analysis results revealed that although the region hosts numerous geomorphosites with high scientific,cultural,aesthetic,and ecological value,the overall levels of protection and touristic use of these landforms are generally low.Indeed,the area,which has the potential to be an important tourism region in the future,faces problems such as infrastructure deficiencies,transportation difficulties,lack of promotion,weaknesses in accommodation services,and destruction of geoheritage.These results highlight the importance of implementing sustainable geotourism strategies that are compatible with the region’s unique geoheritage.In this respect,this study is among the first to comprehensively inventory and assess the geomorphosites of Mountainous Phrygia,contributing to regional geoconservation and sustainable tourism development.
文摘This study presents an emission inventory for 2022,focusing on assessing the emissions of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(x),SO_(2),CO,and VOC from India's road transport,residential,and thermal power sectors.Road transport emissions were estimated using a vehicle kilometer traveled methodology derived from a survey of 200,000 vehicles.A regression analysis was conducted to assess residential fuel usage,considering recent changes in consumption patterns and updated data on cleaner fuels.Estimates for the thermal power sector were based on emission monitoring data.The residential sector is the predominant source of PM_(2.5)(1112 kt),PM_(10)(1678 kt),CO(10630 kt),and VOC(2558 kt).The thermal power sector is the predominant source of secondary air pollutant precursors such as NO_(x)(2328 kt)and SO_(2)(4694 kt).India has the highest emission intensity per gross domestic product(GDP)across sectors compared to other countries.For example,PM_(2.5)emissions per GDP from the roads in India are 14,21,and 10 times that of those in China,the USA,and Europe.The southern(29%),eastern(30%),and central(36%)regions were the notable contributors to emissions from transport,residential,and thermal power sectors.Urban areas contributed 5%of the total residential sector emissions across India but 25%of the total road transport sector emissions nationwide.Moreover,power plants within or near the non-attainment cities were responsible for 12%of the overall thermal power pollution recorded across India.The study identifies unequal emission burdens,with economically disadvantaged regions bearing the brunt.
基金supported by grants provided within the research project»EO4Forest:Use of multi-temporal Sentinel-2 and VHR Pleiades stereo data for sustainable forest monitoring and management«funded by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Climate Action,Environ-ment,Energy,Mobility,Innovation and Technology(BMK)within the FFG Austrian Space Applications Program ASAP 12(grant agreement number 854027).
文摘Accurate,reliable,and regularly updated information is necessary for targeted management of forest stands.This information is usually obtained from sample-based field inventory data.Due to the time-consuming and costly procedure of forest inventory,it is imperative to generate and use the resulting data optimally.Integrating field inventory information with remote sensing data increases the value of field approaches,such as national forest inventories.This study investigated the optimal integration of forest inventory data with aerial image-based canopy height models(CHM)for forest growing stock estimation.For this purpose,fixed-area and angle-count plots from a forest area in Austria were used to assess which type of inventory system is more suitable when the field data is integrated with aerial image analysis.Although a higher correlation was observed between remotely predicted growing stocks and field inventory values for fixed-area plots,the paired t-test results revealed no statistical difference between the two methods.The R2 increased by 0.08 points and the RMSE decreased by 7.7 percentage points(24.8m^(3)·ha^(−1))using fixed-area plots.Since tree height is the most critical variable essential for modeling forest growing stock using aerial images,we also compared the tree heights obtained from CHM to those from the typical field inventory approach.The result shows a high correlation(R^(2)=0.781)between the tree heights extracted from the CHM and those measured in the field.However,the correlation decreased by 0.113 points and the RMSE increased by 4.2 percentage points(1.04m)when the allometrically derived tree heights were analyzed.Moreover,the results of the paired t-test revealed that there is no significant statistical difference between the tree heights extracted from CHM and those measured in the field,but there is a significant statistical difference when the CHM-derived and the allometrically-derived heights were compared.This proved that image-based CHM can obtain more accurate tree height information than field inventory estimations.Overall,the results of this study demonstrated that image-based CHM can be integrated into the forest inventory data at large scales and provide reliable information on forest growing stock.The produced maps reflect the variability of growth conditions and developmental stages of different forest stands.This information is required to characterize the status and changes,e.g.,in forest structure diversity,parameters for volume,and can be used for forest aboveground biomass estimation,which plays an important role in managing and controlling forest resources in mid-term forest management.This is of particular interest to forest managers and forest ecologists.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2020YFC1808201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1906224).
文摘Numerous studies documented the occurrence of organophosphate tri-esters(tri-OPEs)and di-esters(di-OPEs)in the environment.Little information is available on their occurrence in waste consumer products,reservoirs and sources of these chemicals.This study collected and analyzed 92 waste consumer products manufactured from diverse polymers,including polyurethane foam(PUF),polystyrene(PS),acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS),polypropylene(PP),and polyethylene(PE)to obtain information on the occurrence and profiles of 16 tri-OPEs and 10 di-OPEs.Total concentrations of di-OPEs(18−370,000 ng/g,median 1,700 ng/g)were one order of magnitude lower than those of tri-OPEs(94−4,500,000 ng/g,median 5,400 ng/g).The concentrations of both tri-and di-OPEs in products made of PUF,PS,and ABS were orders of magnitude higher than those made of PP and PE.The compositional patterns of OPEs varied among different polymer types but were generally dominated by bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate),triphenyl phosphate,tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate,di-phenyl phosphate(DPHP),and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate.Two industrially applied di-OPEs(di-n-butyl phosphate and DPHP)exhibited higher levels than their respective tri-OPEs,contrary to their production volumes.Some non-industrially applied chlorinated di-OPEs were also detected,with concentrations up to 97,000 ng/g.These findings suggest that degradation of tri-OPEs during the manufacturing and use of products is an important source of di-OPEs.The mass inventories of tri-OPEs and di-OPEs in consumer products were estimated at 3,100 and 750 tons/year,respectively.This study highlights the importance of consumer products as emission sources of a broad suite of OPEs.
基金supported by the 2020 National Supercomputing Zhengzhou Center Innovation Ecosystem Construction Technology Project(No.201400210700)Zhengzhou PM2.5 and O3 Collaborative Control and Monitoring Project(No.20220347A).
文摘Recently,the transportation sector in China has gradually become the main source of urban air pollution and primary driver of carbon emissions growth.Considering air pollutants and greenhouse gases come from the same emission sources,it is necessary to establish an updated high-resolution emission inventory for the transportation sector in Central China,themost polluted region in China.The inventory includes on-road mobile,non-roadmobile,oil storage and transportation,and covers 9 types of air pollutants and 3 types of greenhouse gases.Based on the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System(LEAP)model,the emissions of pollutants were predicted for the period from2020 to 2035 in different scenarios.Results showed that in 2020,emissions of SO_(2),NO_(x),CO,PM_(10),PM_(2.5),VOCs,NH_(3),BC,OC,CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O in Henan Province were 27.5,503.2,878.6,20.1,17.4,222.1,21.5,9.4,2.9,92,077.9,6.0,and 10.4 kilotons,respectively.Energy demand and pollutant emissions in Henan Province are simulated under four scenarios(Baseline Scenario(BS),Pollution Abatement Scenario(PA),Green Transportation Scenario(GT),and Reinforcing Low Carbon Scenario(RLC)).The collaborative emission reduction effect is most significant in the RLC scenario,followed by the GT scenario.By 2035,under the RLC scenario,energy consumption and emissions of SO_(2),NO_(x),CO,PM_(10),PM_(2.5),VOCs,NH_(3),CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O are projected to decrease by 72.0%,30.0%,55.6%,56.0%,38.6%,39.7%,51.5%,66.1%,65.5%,55.4%,and 52.8%,respectively.This study provides fundamental data support for subsequent numerical simulations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42250205“CUG Scholar”Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences,No.2019004+1 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA23100202Scientific Research Foundation of China University of Geosciences,No.162301192642。
文摘Carbonyl sulfide(COS)is an effective tracer for estimating Gross Primary Productivity(GPP)in the carbon cycle.As the largest contribution to the atmosphere,anthropogenic COS emissions must be accurately quantified.In this study,an anthropogenic COS emission inventory from 2015 to 2021 was constructed by applying the bottom-up approach based on activity data from emission sources.China’s anthropogenic COS emissions increased from approximately 171 to 198 Gg S yr^(-1)from 2015-2021,differing from the trends of other pollutants.Despite an initial decline in COS emissions across sectors during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic,a rapid rebound in emissions occurred following the resumption of economic activities.In 2021,industrial sources,coal combustion,agriculture and vehicle exhaust accounted for 76.8%,12.3%,10.5%and 0.4%of total COS emissions,respectively.The aluminum industry was the primary COS emitter among industrial sources,contributing40.7% of total emissions.Shandong,Shanxi,and Zhejiang were the top three provinces in terms of anthropogenic COS emissions,reaching 39,21 and 17 Gg S yr-1,respectively.Provincial-level regions(hereafter province)with high COS emissions are observed mainly in the eastern and coastal regions of China,which,together with the wind direction,helps explain the pattern of high COS concentrations in the Western Pacific Ocean in winter.The Green Contribution Coefficient of COS(GCCCOS)was used to assess the relationship between GDP and COS emissions,highlighting the disparity between GDP and COS contributions to green development.As part of this analysis,relevant recommendations are proposed to address this disparity.The COS emission inventory in our study can be used as input for the Sulfur Transport and Deposition Model(STEM),reducing uncertainties in the atmospheric COS source?sink budget and promoting understanding of the atmosphere sulfur cycle.
文摘In the self-built fruit and vegetable sorting warehouse of Lushang Group,the system is automatically scanning the QR code for agricultural product and conducts pesticide residue testing on fruits and vegetables;new products from foreign trade factories will be directly transported to Ginza Supermarket through the“Direct Express for Domestic Product”channel,and will be shelved on the“Lushang Life”service platform within 48 hours;in front of the campus intelligent milk cabinet independently launched by Lushang Technology,students receive pasteurized milk by brushing their faces,and the data about milk source farms and sterilization parameters are sent to the parents simultaneously.This is the daily scenario of digital applications by Lushang Group’s full supply chain management.
基金supported by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42275190)。
文摘Soil fugitive dust(SFD)is characterized by a variety of sources and considerable spatialtemporal variability,exerting a significant impact on environmental air quality and ecological systems in cities across northern China.Multiple factors can shape SFD emission.Nevertheless,the current comprehension of its critical impact factors and quantitative methodologies remains constrained.This study utilizes interpretable machine learning techniques to identify the principal impact factors of SFD and their interactions while delineating their action thresholds.The findings reveal seasonal variations in impact factors and emphasize the substantial effect of bare soil source strength on SFD,including parameters such as bare soil area and soil moisture.Consequently,the Wind Erosion Equation model is optimized following these findings to localize its parameters and improve its capability to calculate hourly SFD emissions.The case application is validated using observational data,demonstrating the reliability and precision of the optimized methodology.This study provides insights and solutions for the local optimization of SFD parameterization schemes and further supports the formulation of precise prevention and control policies for SFD.
基金Supported by College-level Research Project of Hangzhou Vocational&Technical College(ky202514).
文摘The rapid development of vocational colleges in China brings about the explosive growth of the number and category of state-owned assets that guarantees the development of vocational colleges. The special equipment and the general equipment included in the state-owned assets of vocational colleges are increasing at the fastest rate. Based on the problems from equipment inventory, this paper analyzes the problems of state-owned management, and puts forward countermeasures to improve the management of state-owned assets from formulating regulations and rules, strengthening the unified institution, applying the information technologies in building the team of administrators.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(No.22BTJ005)the Key Project of National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2023YFF1304002-05)+1 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32001252)the International Center for Bamboo and Rattan(Nos.1632022024,1632020029,1632021024).
文摘Remote sensing(RS)facilitates forest inventory across a wide range of variables required by the UNFCCC as well as by other agreements and processes.The Conventional model-based(CMB)estimator supports wall-to-wall RS data,while Hybrid estimators support surveys where RS data are available as a sample.However,the connection between these two types of monitoring procedures has been unclear,hindering the reconciliation of wall-to-wall and non-wall-to-wall use of RS data in practical applications and thus potentially impeding cost-efficient deployment of high-end sensing instruments for large area monitoring.Consequently,our objectives are to(1)shed further light on the connections between different types of Hybrid estimators,and between CMB and Hybrid estimators,through mathematical analyses and Monte Carlo simulations;and(2)compare the effects and explore the tradeoffs related to the RS sampling design,coverage rate,and cluster size on estimation precision.Primary findings are threefold:(1)the CMB estimator represents a special case of Hybrid estimators,signifying that wallto-wall RS data is a particular instance of sample-based RS data;(2)the precision of estimators in forest inventory can be greater for stratified non-wall-to-wall RS data compared to wall-to-wall RS data;(3)otherwise costprohibitive sensing,such as LiDAR and UAV,can support large scale monitoring through collecting RS data as a sample.These conclusions may reconcile different perspectives regarding choice of RS instruments,data acquisition,and cost for continuous observations,particularly in the context of surveys aiming at providing data for mitigating climate change.
文摘This paper analyzes how artificial intelligence (AI) automation can improve warehouse management compared to emerging technologies like drone usage. Specifically, we evaluate AI’s impact on crucial warehouse functions—inventory tracking, order fulfillment, and logistics efficiency. Our findings indicate AI automation enables real-time inventory visibility, optimized picking routes, and dynamic delivery scheduling, which drones cannot match. AI better leverages data insights for intelligent decision-making across warehouse operations, supporting improved productivity and lower operating costs.
文摘Island ecosystems support diverse aquatic invertebrate communities comprising endemic taxa.Documentation of existing species is important for conservation.In this study,a checklist of marine opisthobranch from the Republic of Mauritius is presented.A combination of benthic surveys(50 m×5 m in triplicates),rover diving techniques and photo documentation were used over two years(2018–2020)within 35 sheltered and unsheltered lagoons.Morphological and molecular analysis were used for identification.Species composition within sheltered and unsheltered areas in Mauritius was estimated using the Bray-Curtis similarity.The checklist featured 117 species belonging to 61 genera and 28families,of which 13 are new records.The findings increased the knowledge of opisthobranch diversity from the Mauritius by 15.4%.Among the listed species,the distribution range of Cyerce nigra,Actinocyclus papillatus,and Phyllidia picta extended from the Western Pacific to the South Western Indian Ocean.Molecular analysis of the undescribed Gymnodoris sp.showed it resembled Gymnodoris sp.from Hawaii and were different by a genetic distance value of 10.6%.The species richness and evenness were higher within the sheltered regions of Mauritius which harboured the food resource of opisthobranch.These areas as compared to unsheltered regions were heavily populated,suggesting the probable influence of wave actions on opisthobranch diversity and abundance.The order Nudibranchia was reported as most speciose,with 86 species.The Sacoglossa and Nudibranchia were observed only on macroalgae and sponges respectively.High abundance was also recorded on shipwrecks which are the most common form of artificial reefs.With the inclusion of observations from previous studies,201species belonging to 94 genera and 36 families are now known from the Mauritius.
基金supported by the Key Fund Project for Youth Innovation of USTC(WK2040000042).
文摘Unlike the traditional decentralized channel,the drop-shipping channel entails a retailer relaying consumers’orders to the manufacturer,which proceeds to stock the orders and directly ship them to the consumers.This study explores supply chain coordination and product quality in drop-shipping and traditional channels.Specifically,we analyze the performance of both channels under wholesale price and revenue-sharing contracts.Our study yields several key findings.First,the revenue-sharing contract can coordinate both traditional and drop-shipping channels,effectively increasing supply chain performance.Second,given the channel structure,the retailer prefers the wholesale price contract,whereas the manufacturer prefers the revenue-sharing contract.Third,product quality is higher in the drop-shipping channel when demand uncertainty is high.Finally,the implementation of the revenue-sharing contract increases product quality in the traditional channel,whereas it keeps product quality unchanged in the drop-shipping channel.
文摘By inducing the typical inventory control problem - the bullwhip effect, this paper presents vendor managed inventory (VMI) control methods on the basis of traditional methods of inventory management methods, constructs a VMI mathematics model, and analyzes the influence of VMI on inventory cost and channel profit. Finally, a special case is studied to verify that VMI is an effective supply chain strategy that can not only increase channel profit of supplier and customer but also improve full channel coordination, thereby reducing the bullwhip effect.
文摘The mutation of spaces observed in the Katangese Copper Belt(KCB)causes significant topographical changes.Some colonial geodetic markers are easily noticeable on many of the hills making up the KCB.These hills are subject to mining which ruins the completeness of the network of triangulations:geometric and trigonometric Katangese.In order to keep control of the latter,the study shows on the one hand the possibility of using SRTM data(Shuttle Radar TopographyMission)in the monitoring of the macro-change of the reliefs,from 442 positions,and on the other hand,an indirect(remote)inventory method of the existing geodetic markers,by restoring the mapping of the said triangulation.Statistical and spatial analyses of paired samples of the 442 individuals allowed the study to observe the negative and positive altimetric variations at the locations of 79 geodetic markers,in an area of approximately two square degrees.In both cases,the research considers that the altimetric variations would exclude the physical existence of certain geodetic markers at their positions,and that we do not find the slightest information relating to their official relocations.
文摘This study presents a two-echelon inventory routing problem (2E-IRP) with an end-of-tour replenishment (ETR) policy whose distribution network consists of a supplier, several distribution centers (DCs) and several retailers on a multi-period planning horizon. A formulation of the problem based on vehicle indices is proposed in the form of a mixed integer linear program (MILP). The mathematical model of the problem is solved using a branch and cut (B&C) algorithm. The results of the tests are compared to the results of a branch and price (B&P) algorithm from the literature on 2E-IRP with a classical distribution policy. The results of the tests show that the B&C algorithm solves 197 out of 200 instances (98.5%). The comparison of the B&C and B&P results shows that 185 best solutions are obtained with the B&C algorithm on 197 instances (93.9%). Overall, the B&C algorithm achieves cost reductions ranging from 0.26% to 41.44% compared to the classic 2E-IRP results solved with the B&P algorithm, with an overall average reduction of 18.08%.
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to generalize the effect of two-phased demand and variable deterioration within the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) framework. The rate of deterioration is a linear function of time. The two-phased demand function states the constant function for a certain period and the quadratic function of time for the rest part of the cycle time. No shortages as well as partial backlogging are allowed to occur. The mathematical expressions are derived for determining the optimal cycle time, order quantity and total cost function. An easy-to-use working procedure is provided to calculate the above quantities. A couple of numerical examples are cited to explain the theoretical results and sensitivity analysis of some selected examples is carried out.
文摘This paper studies that the bullwhip effect of order releases and the amplifications of safety stock arise within the supply chain even when the demand model is ARIMA(0, 1, 1) and the forecast method used is a simple exponentially weighted moving average. It also examines a vendor managed inventory (VMI) program to determine how it can help alleviate such negative effects, and gives the theoretical proofs and numerical illustrations. The results show that the effects with VMI are better than the effect without VMI in demand forecasting and safety stock levels, etc.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11 th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A06)
文摘In order to let the supplier make more reasonable supply decisions,an integrated continuous replenishment policy for the vendor-managed inventory system is presented,which considers the quantity-based shipment consolidation and stock replenishment with lead time.Then the system cost is analyzed and a mathematical model is built.Since the model is rather complex,the bounds of the optimal policy are first attained,then the problem is solved by a heuristic algorithm.Through experiments the relationship between the order lead time and the corresponding integrated policy is discussed,and the influence on the system cost is also analyzed.The results reveal that the lead time's influence on the system is more serious with the increase of the order lead time,the integrated policy with the order lead time is more reasonable and the optimal policy can minimize the total system cost.Finally,the parameter sensitivity of the model is analyzed.
文摘According to the principle of minimizing total cost, the three-echelon optimized medical inventory model with stochastic lead-time and two-echelon optimized medicine inventory model with fixed lead-time are established. The relationship between lead-time and inventory cost is studied by Matlab software. It shows that the variety of lead-time has an important effect on medicine inventory systems. Numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis of two models are presented by Lingo software. Based on analysis, it is concluded that the two-echelon model with lead-time results in inventory cost savings, and keeps the quality of care as reflected in service levels when compared with the three-echelon network structure.
