Guangdong has become a major＂window＂ for invasive plants, and the largest zone, where cross-border and intercontinental migration frequencies reach the peak. The invasive plants in Guangdong are dominated by Mikania...Guangdong has become a major＂window＂ for invasive plants, and the largest zone, where cross-border and intercontinental migration frequencies reach the peak. The invasive plants in Guangdong are dominated by Mikania micrantha, Eichhornia crassipes, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Eupatorium odoratum, and Wedelia trilobata. It is an important way for treating the invasive plants by exploring the prevention methods and making ful use of the characteristics of the invasive plants, and it is of great significance to prevent and utilize alien species in a scientific and effective way in order to control the invasive plants with minimal cost.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to conduct investigation and risk assessment of the alien invasive plants in riparian zone of Dongjiang River.[Method] The field survey was carried out by the combination methods of sampling pl...[Objective] The aim was to conduct investigation and risk assessment of the alien invasive plants in riparian zone of Dongjiang River.[Method] The field survey was carried out by the combination methods of sampling plots investigation and route survey,and the whole Dongjiang River was covered.52 sampling points were set in the main streams,and 87 sampling points in tributaries streams,624 quadrats were set in total;multi-index comprehensive evaluation method was adopted for the risk assessment with 6 first-level indexes and 25 second-level indexes.[Result] Through the investigation on the riparian zone of Dongjiang River for 2 years,51 species of alien invasive plants were found,belonging to 17 families and 38 genera.The risk level assessment results of these 51 species showed that 18 species,such as Ageratum conyzoides,belonged to high-level risk with over 60 points;26 species,such as Chenopodium ambrosioides,were between 30 and 60 points which belonged to middle-level risk;7 species,such as Paspalum dilatatum,with less than 30 points belonged to low-level risk.[Conclusion] Basic data on the protection,water environmental management and functional zoning of riparian zone of Dongjiang River were provided.展开更多
Exotic plant invasions and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration have been determined to independently affect soil nematodes,a key component of soil biota.However,little is known about the long-ter...Exotic plant invasions and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration have been determined to independently affect soil nematodes,a key component of soil biota.However,little is known about the long-term effects of these two global change factors and their interactive effects.Over three consecutive years,we cultivated invasive alien plant Xanthium strumarium and its two phylogenetically related natives under both ambient(aCO_(2))and elevated(eCO_(2))atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,and determined the effects of the invader and natives on soil nematodes under different CO_(2)concentrations and the relevant mechanism.The abundance of total soil nematodes and that of the dominant trophic group(herbivores)were significantly affected by plant species and CO_(2)concentration,and these effects were dependent on the experimental duration,however,the Shannon-diversity of nematodes was not affected by these factors.Under aCO_(2),both invasive and native species significantly increased the total nematode abundance and that of the dominant trophic group with increasing experimental duration,and the amplitude of the increase was greater under the invader relative to the natives.The eCO_(2)increased total nematode abundance(second year)and that of the dominant trophic group(third year)under the invader,but not under the natives(or even decreased)with increasing experimental duration.Root litter had greater effects on soil nematode abundance than leaf litter and root exudates did.This study indicates that eCO_(2)would aggravate effects of invasive plants on soil nematodes by increasing abundance,and these effects would vary with the duration.展开更多
[Objective]This study was to reveal the essence of mechanism about how the alien invasive plants spread.[Method]Species niche and material/energy flow were used as basic research indicators to analyze the intrinsic me...[Objective]This study was to reveal the essence of mechanism about how the alien invasive plants spread.[Method]Species niche and material/energy flow were used as basic research indicators to analyze the intrinsic mechanism of alien plants invasion.[Result]Most of the invasive plants have not been explicitly defined and their effective control methods not brought forward.[Conclusion]Overrun of alien invasive plants depends on whether the niche of a species could be continuously met at spatial level.Based on this we put forward corresponding control measures,proposed an assumption to establish a cylinder-network model and discussed the definition of alien invasive plants.展开更多
According to the field survey of alien invasive plants of Jinziling,there were 23 kinds of alien invasive plants in the scenic spot.Species with the comprehensive dominance degree higher than 10% were as follows: six ...According to the field survey of alien invasive plants of Jinziling,there were 23 kinds of alien invasive plants in the scenic spot.Species with the comprehensive dominance degree higher than 10% were as follows: six kinds of Asteraceae: Bidens pilosa,Aster subulatus,Ageratum conyzoides,Conyzai canadens,Parthenium hysterophorus,and Conyza sumatrensis; two kinds of Gramineae: Axonopus compressu,Eleusine indica; two kinds of convolvere: Ipomoea nil,Ipomoea purpurea; two kinds of Fabaceae: Cassiae tora,Medicago hispida; one kind of Verbenaceae: Lantana camara; one kind of Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia hirta.In total,there were 14 kinds of alien invasive plants.In this survey,the dominant species of invasive plants were obtained by statistical analysis of the composition and distribution of the invasive plants,and the invasion trend was predicted,so as to take effective and economical management and control measures.展开更多
Because co-occurring native and invasive plants are subjected to similar environmental selection pressures,the differences in functional traits and reproductive allocation strategies between native and invasive plants...Because co-occurring native and invasive plants are subjected to similar environmental selection pressures,the differences in functional traits and reproductive allocation strategies between native and invasive plants may be closely related to the success of the latter.Accordingly,this study examines differences in functional traits and reproductive allocation strategies between native and invasive plants in Eastern China.Plant height,branch number,reproductive branch number,the belowground-to-aboveground biomass ratio,and the reproductive allocation coefficient of invasive plants were all notably higher than those of native species.Additionally,the specific leaf area(SLA)values of invasive plants were remarkably lower than those of native species.Plasticity indexes of SLA,maximum branch angle,and branch number of invasive plants were each notably lower than those of native species.The reproductive allocation coefficient was positively correlated with reproductive branch number and the belowground-to-aboveground biomass ratio but exhibited negative correlations with SLA and aboveground biomass.Plant height,branch number,reproductive branch number,the belowground-to-aboveground biomass ratio,and the reproductive allocation coefficient of invasive plants may strongly influence the success of their invasions.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the garden greenbelt in 30 sample plots such as parks,roads,communities,etc.in Shijiazhuang City.[Methods]The species,abundance and frequency of weeds in the greenbelt of publi...[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the garden greenbelt in 30 sample plots such as parks,roads,communities,etc.in Shijiazhuang City.[Methods]The species,abundance and frequency of weeds in the greenbelt of public gardens were recorded through point-line-surface investigation,and typical plants were sampled.[Results]There were 56 species of alien invasive plants in garden greenbelts of Shijiazhuang City,belonging to 44 genera and 20 families.In terms of life form,herbaceous plants were absolutely dominant,accounting for 92.8%of the total.The most alien invasive plants were native to America,accounting for 66.1%of the total.In terms of introduction path,the plants introduced artificially and unintentionally accounted for almost half.The species and quantity of alien invasive plants were related to the size of greenbelt area,the length of the build time of the surveyed plot,the composition structure of greenbelt and the level of green management and protection.There was larger distribution of alien invasive plants in the sample plots with large greenbelt area,long build time,herbaceous-dominated greenbelt and low level of green management and protection.Among the 56 alien invasive plants,3 plants were toxic.From the perspective of invasiveness,the alien invasive plants in the garden greenbelt of Shijiazhuang City could be divided into 5 levels:invasive alien species of malignant consequences,invasive alien species of severe consequences,invasive alien species of partial consequences,invasive alien species of average consequences,and invasive alien species to be observed.[Conclusions]This study will provide a reference for the prevention and control of alien plant invasion,and lay a foundation for the prevention and control of existing invasive plants.展开更多
Terrestrial plants are colonized by various microorganisms in the rhizosphere,phyllosphere and endosphere.Variations of microorganisms between these niches could affect plant performance.While studies have indicated t...Terrestrial plants are colonized by various microorganisms in the rhizosphere,phyllosphere and endosphere.Variations of microorganisms between these niches could affect plant performance.While studies have indicated that microorganisms associated with invasive plants may facilitate their invasion success,niche effects on the composition,function and co-occurrence network of invasive plant microbiomes remain poorly understood.In this study,we investigated the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil,root and leaf endospheres of two invasive plants,Flaveria bidentis and Eclipta prostrata.Flaveria bidentis is a recently introduced species(introduced in 2001),whereas E.prostrata has been invaded in China for over 1000 years.We found that microbial community of F.bidentis and E.prostrata harbored more specialists,fewer unique amplicon sequence variants(ASVs),and lower diversity and network complexity in the leaf endosphere than that in the rhizosphere soil.Moreover,the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil,root and leaf endospheres of F.bidentis were more diverse,included more unique ASVs,and had a higher network complexity than those of E.prostrata.Predicted functional profiles revealed that there were more beneficial bacteria and fewer pathogenic fungi associated with F.bidentis than those with E.prostrata.These results demonstrate that there is a significant niche differentiation in the two invasive plant microbiotas,and this work may also indicate potential impact of residence time of invasive plants on plant-microbe interactions.展开更多
Soil microbes are one of the most important determinants of allelopathic effects in the field. However, most studies testing the role of allelopathy in biological invasions did not consider the roles of soil microbes....Soil microbes are one of the most important determinants of allelopathic effects in the field. However, most studies testing the role of allelopathy in biological invasions did not consider the roles of soil microbes. Here we tested the hypothesis that soil microbes which can degrade allelochemicals may accumulate in soils over time by adaptation and therefore increase the degradation of allelochemicals and alleviate the allelopathic effects in biological invasions. As expected, soil microbes signifi- cantly decreased the allelopathic effects of leaf leachates of eight in the nine invasive plant species studied. In addition, Ageratina adenophora showed lower allelopathic effects in soil with long or intermediately invasion history than those in soil with short invasion history. The two main allelo- chemicals of the invader were degraded more rapidly with increasing invasion history in the soil. Correspondingly,biomass and activity of the soil microbes were higher in the soils with long invasion history than in that with short invasion history. Our results indicate that soil microbes may graduaUy adapt to the allelochemicals of Ageratina and alleviate its allelopathic effects and thus support the above hypothesis. It is necessary to consider the effects of soil microbes when testing the roles of allelopathy or the novel weapons hypothesis in biological invasions.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)deposition,precipitation and their interaction affect plant invasions in temperate ecosystems with limiting N and water resources,but whether and how they affect plant invasions in subtropical native commun...Nitrogen(N)deposition,precipitation and their interaction affect plant invasions in temperate ecosystems with limiting N and water resources,but whether and how they affect plant invasions in subtropical native communities with abundant N and precipitation remains unclear.We constructed in situ artificial communities with 12 common native plant species in a subtropical system and introduced four common invasive plant species and their native counterparts to these communities.We compared plant growth and establishment of introduced invasive species and native counterparts in communities exposed to ambient(CK),N addition(N+),increased precipitation(P+)and N addition plus increased precipitation(P+N+).We also investigated the density and aboveground biomass of communities under such conditions.P+alone did not enhance the performance of invasive species or native counterparts.N+enhanced only the aboveground biomass and relative density of invasive species.P+N+enhanced the growth and establishment performance of both invasive species and native counterparts.Most growth and establishment parameters of invasive species were greater than those of native counterparts under N+,P+and P+N+conditions.The density and aboveground biomass of native communities established by invasive species were significantly lower than those of native communities established by native counterparts under P+N+conditions.These results suggest that P+may magnify the effects of N+on performance of invasive species in subtropical native communities where N and water are often abundant,which may help to understand the effect of global change on plant invasion in subtropical ecosystems.展开更多
Rapid development in industrialization and urbanization causes serious environmental issues,of which acid rain is one of the quintessential hazards,negatively affecting soil ecology.Liming has been investigated for a ...Rapid development in industrialization and urbanization causes serious environmental issues,of which acid rain is one of the quintessential hazards,negatively affecting soil ecology.Liming has been investigated for a long time as the most effective amendment to alter the adverse effects of soil acidity resulting from acid rain.Herein,this study tested the biochar produced from invasive plants as an alternative amendment and hypothesized that biochar can maintain better availability of macronutrients under acid rain than liming by improving soil chemical and biological properties.Therefore,a pot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of lime and biochar at two rates(1%and 3%)on soil available nitrogen(N),phosphorous(P)and potassium(K)under simulated acid rain of two pH levels(4.5:pH_(4.5) and 2.5:pH_(2.5))as compared with tap water(pH7.1)as a control treatment.Biochar was produced using different invasive plants,including Blackjack(Biden Pilosa),Wedelia(Wedelia trilobata)and Bitter Vine(Mikania micrantha Kunth).Liming decreased the availability of soil N,P,and K by 36.3%as compared with the control due to the great increment in soil pH and exchangeable calcium(Ca^(2+))by 59%and 16-fold,respectively.Moreover,liming reduced the alpha diversity of soil bacteria and fungi by 27%and 11%,respectively.In contrast,biochar at different types and rates resulted in a fourfold increment in the available N,P,and K as an average under acid rain(pH_(4.5) and pH_(2.5))owing to maintaining a neutral pH(6.5-7),which is the most favorable level for soil microbial and enzymatic activites,and the bioavailability of soil nutrients.Furthermore,biochar caused balanced increments in Ca^(2+)by threefold,cation exchange capacity by 45%,urease activity by 16%,and fungal diversity by 10%,while having a slight reduction in bacterial diversity by 2.5%.Based on the path,correlation,and principal component analyses,the exchangeable aluminum was a moderator for the reductions in macronutrients’availability under acid rain,which decreased by 40%and 35%under liming and biochar,respectively.This study strongly recommended the use of biochar from invasive plants instead of lime for sustainable improvements in soil properties under acid rain.展开更多
Aims Soil biota can affect plant-plant interactions and non-native plant invasions via plant-soil feedback(PSF).Understanding the drivers underlying interspecific variations in PSF is im portant for predicting the rol...Aims Soil biota can affect plant-plant interactions and non-native plant invasions via plant-soil feedback(PSF).Understanding the drivers underlying interspecific variations in PSF is im portant for predicting the role of soil biota in non-native plant invasions.Recent studies found that PSF could be predicted by plant traits.The success of plant invasions is also linked with plant traits,suggesting a potential linkage between PSF and plant invasion via plant traits,but has not yet been tested.Here,we compared PSF between six phylogenetically paired co-occurring native and invasive plants,and explored the potential linkage between PSF with plant root traits.Methods We conducted a two-phase PSF experiment.Field collected soils were conditioned by the six plant species for 3 months firstly,then seedllings of these plants were grown in living or sterilized soils that had been conditioned by conspecific vs.heterospecific(the conge ner/confamilial species)individuals.We estimated effects of biota in conspecific(conspecific PSF)or heterospecific(heterospecific PSF)soils relative to sterilized soils,and the relative effects of biota in conspecific vs.heterospecific soils(PSF-away)on plant biomass.Important Findings In general,soil biota suppressed plant growth,and there were no differences in conspecific PSF,heterospecific PSF and PSF-away between native and invasive plants.PSF increased with rising plant fineto-total root mass ratio in the presence of soil biota,and its value was comparable between native and invasive plants.Our results indicate that similarity in plant fine-to-total root mass ratio that predicted PSF may have partially led to the comparable PSFs between these native and invasive plants.Studies exploring the linkages among plant traits,PSF and plant invasions with more plants,in particular phylogenetically distant plants,are needed to improve our understanding of the role of soil biota in plant invasions.展开更多
Anthropogenic disturbances are causing significant impacts on plant distribution worldwide,and many of these effects are driven by changes in the recruitment patterns of plant species.Global warming and land-use chang...Anthropogenic disturbances are causing significant impacts on plant distribution worldwide,and many of these effects are driven by changes in the recruitment patterns of plant species.Global warming and land-use change are two major disturbances leading to changes in germination strategies by changing both soil temperature regimes and light quality reaching the seeds due to soil disturbance.Investigating the range,overlap,and redundancy of niche germination of co-occurring plant species allows us to understand whether endemic species are threatened either by native non-endemic or by alien species,especially in an ecosystem of restricted distribution such as the campo rupestre.Employing a systematic review,this study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature increase and seed burial on the germination of endemic and non-endemic species in the campo rupestre in Brazil.We performed a metaanalysis using increased temperature and darkness as proxies for the impact of disturbance on germination patterns.In this context,we hypothesized that:increased temperature and darkness negatively influence the germination of native species and positively influence the germination of alien species in the campo rupestre.Specifically,we expect the negative effect to be more pronounced in endemic species than in native non-endemic species.Moreover,we intend to describe the role of seed size in the germination of native and alien species from campo rupestre in the context of increased temperature and darkness.Our analysis showed that increased temperature influenced the germination of alien species by ca.55%,while it did not influence the germination of endemic or native non-endemic species.Furthermore,the germination of alien species under higher temperatures was promoted by increasing seed size.Darkness negatively influenced seed germination of native species,independent of their distribution.Moreover,under darkness conditions,the germination of endemic seeds decreased with seed size.Through their direct effects on germination strategies,we conclude that warming temperatures and land-use change can lead to a long-term displacement of endemic species by native non-endemic and alien species in campo rupestre,thus compromising ecosystem services and conservation of these fragile physiognomies in the near future.展开更多
Global changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities,including invasive species.Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species.Thus,the focus of the cur...Global changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities,including invasive species.Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species.Thus,the focus of the current review is on the contaminant biogeochemical behavior among native plants,invasive species and the soil within the plant-soil ecosystem to improve our understanding of the interactions between invasive plants and environmental stressors.Our studies together with synthesis of the literature showed that(i)the impacts of invasive species on environmental stress were heterogeneous,(ii)the size of the impact was variable and(iii)the influence types were multidirectional even within the same impact type.However,invasive plants showed self-protective mechanisms when exposed to heavy metals(HMs)and provided either positive or negative influence on the bioavailability and toxicity of HMs.On the other hand,HMs may favor plant invasion due to the widespread higher tolerance of invasive plants to HMs together with the‘escape behavior’of native plants when exposed to toxic HM pollution.However,there has been no consensus on whether elemental compositions of invasive plants are different from the natives in the polluted regions.A quantitative research comparing plant,litter and soil contaminant contents between native plants and the invaders in a global context is an indispensable research focus in the future.展开更多
Exotic plant invasion presents a serious threat to native ecosystem structure and function. Little is known about the role of soil microbial communities in facilitating or resisting the spread of invasive plants into ...Exotic plant invasion presents a serious threat to native ecosystem structure and function. Little is known about the role of soil microbial communities in facilitating or resisting the spread of invasive plants into native communities. The purpose of this research is to understand how the invasive annual plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. facilitates its competition capacity through changing the structure and function of soil microbial communities. The soil characteristics of different areas invaded by A. artemisiifolia were examined. Greenhouse experiments were designed to assess the effect of A. artemisiifolia invasion-induced changes of soil biota on co-occurring plant growth, and on the interactions between A. artemisiifolia and three co-occurring plant species. The results showed that the soil organic C content was the highest in heavily invaded sites, the lowest in native plant sites, and intermediate in newly invaded sites. Soil available N, P and K concentrations in heavily invaded site were 2.4, 1.9 and 1.7 times higher than those in native plant soil, respectively. Soil pH decreased as A. artemisiifolia invasion intensity increased, and was lower in invaded sites（heavily invaded and newly invaded） than in native plant sites. The soil microbial community structure was clearly separated in the three types of sites, and A. artemisiifolia invasion increased anaerobe, sulfate-reducing bacteria and actinomycete abundance. Soil biota of invaded sites inhibits growth of co-occurring plants（Galinsoga parvifloraCav., Medicago sativa L. and Setaria plicata（Lam.） T. Cooke.） compared to soil biota from un-invaded sites, but facilitates A. artemisiifolia growth and competition with co-occurring plants. A. artemisiifolia biomass was 50-130% greater when competing with three co-occurring plants, compared to single-species competition only（invasion by A. artemisiifolia alone）, in heavily invaded soil. Results of the present study indicated that A. artemisiifolia invasion alters the soil microbial community in a way that favors itself while inhibiting native plant species, with measurable effects on performance of co-occurring plants.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to investigate and assess the species,distribution and hazard status of invasive alien plants on the campus of Tongren University.[Methods]A survey was conducted using line survey method,and ...[Objectives]The paper was to investigate and assess the species,distribution and hazard status of invasive alien plants on the campus of Tongren University.[Methods]A survey was conducted using line survey method,and the risk assessment index system of invasive alien plants was established by analytic hierarchy process(AHP).[Results]There were 11 species of invasive alien plants on the campus of Tongren University,belonging to 8 genera and 5 families.There were 6 species of invasive alien plants belonging to Asteraceae,accounting for 54.55%of the total.In terms of the origin of invasive plants,most of them were native to North America and Europe,accounting for 27.27%of the total.In terms of harmful level,there were no high-risk invasive plants on the campus of Tongren University,but Alternanthera philoxeroides had the highest score and was the most harmful.[Conclusions]The present situation of alien plant invasion on the campus of Tongren University is closely related to the ecological environment of the campus.It is suggested to strengthen the management of campus plants,focus on the prevention and control of A.philoxeroides,and carry out regular investigation of invasive alien plants on campus to ensure the ecological safety of the campus.展开更多
River restoration activities are challenging for the native vegetation and the colonization process. The development of invasive alien plant species (IAS) as well as the development of the pioneer vegetation cover and...River restoration activities are challenging for the native vegetation and the colonization process. The development of invasive alien plant species (IAS) as well as the development of the pioneer vegetation cover and seed bank were observed in one year prior to construction of a new river bed and within the first two years after construction, along the downstream section of the river Traisen in Austria. One year after completion of the new river channel, the occurrence of IAS above ground decreased while the occurrence of target species increased. Furthermore, no seeds of IAS were detected in the new river bed as a result of proper management of soil movement. Despite the positive impact on the abundance of IAS, the restoration project of the river Traisen shows that the fact that such a restoration activity is a disturbance event must be taken into consideration already during the planning process. Supporting the competitiveness of native plant species is an important tool for reducing the danger of establishment of invasive alien species.展开更多
Plant invasion poses a serious environmental challenge to freshwater ecosystems. Heavy metal pollution and nutrient enrichment, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), are two additional critical environmental i...Plant invasion poses a serious environmental challenge to freshwater ecosystems. Heavy metal pollution and nutrient enrichment, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), are two additional critical environmental issues known to influence the growth of invasive plants. Notably, the N/P ratio in the environments is often inconstant;however, whether these variations can cause differential responses in invasive plants remains underexplored, despite its crucial importance for understanding plant invasiveness. In this study, we examined the effects of different N/P ratios (4:1, 16:1, 32:1, 64:1) on the growth of a widespread invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides in cadmium (Cd) polluted water, while maintaining either a constant N concentration (2 mmol L^(−1)) or a constant P concentration (0.5 mmol L^(−1)). Two control treatments were also included: one without Cd, N, or P, and another with Cd but without N or P. The addition of N and P did not mitigate the inhibitory effects of Cd on A. philoxeroides growth nor did it enhance its tolerance. However, under conditions of constant N concentration, the N/P ratio of 4:1 significantly increased both the main stem length and the number of nodes in A. philoxeroides under Cd stress, potentially enhancing its expansion and clonal growth. Our results suggest that A. philoxeroides exhibits greater sensitivity to variations in the N/P ratio when N concentration is held constant, compared to when P concentration is constant in Cd polluted water. This study investigated the effects of varying N/P ratios on invasive plants under Cd pollution, which has been underexplored in previous research. The findings provide an experimental basis for controlling and preventing the spread of invasive plants in freshwater systems polluted with Cd and experiencing eutrophication.展开更多
Invasive alien plant species(IAPS)pose severe threats to global biodiversity conservation.Effective management of IAPS requires mapping their distribution and identifying the environmental factors that drive their spr...Invasive alien plant species(IAPS)pose severe threats to global biodiversity conservation.Effective management of IAPS requires mapping their distribution and identifying the environmental factors that drive their spread.The Gaoligong Mountains,a renowned biodiversity hotspot in southwestern China,currently face the dual challenges of IAPS invasion and climate change.However,we know little about the distribution patterns,key environmental drivers,and sensitivity of IAPS to future climate change in this region.In this study,we mapped IAPS richness distribution and identified invasion hotspots throughout the Gaoligong Mountains.In addition,we assessed the relative importance of environmental variables in shaping the spatial distribution of IAPS richness and projected potential shifts in IAPS richness under various climate change scenarios.We identified 161 IAPS,primarily concentrated in the low-elevation tropical and subtropical regions along river valleys,forming belt-like invasion hotspots.The key factors shaping IAPS richness included disturbance complexity,elevation,seasonal precipitation,and vegetation types.Notably,IAPS richness significantly declined with increasing elevation and latitude but increased with higher disturbance complexity.Moreover,IAPS were more prevalent in grasslands and shrublands than in forested areas.Ensemble modeling of future climate scenarios predicted that the distribution of IAPS richness would shift to progressively higher elevations.These findings provide valuable insights for managing IAPS in mountainous regions that play a crucial role in global biodiversity conservation.展开更多
Invasive alien species(IAS)significantly threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem stability.Despite increasing management efforts,a critical knowledge gap existed in understanding commonalities and disparities among...Invasive alien species(IAS)significantly threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem stability.Despite increasing management efforts,a critical knowledge gap existed in understanding commonalities and disparities among national strategies.We analyzed several IAS management lists from 23 countries and the European Union,focusing specifically on vascular plant species within these lists.List composition,characteristics,and associated management measures were analyzed.Key patterns in species prioritization across national lists and intercontinental exchange of invasive alien plants(IAPs)were identified.Pistia stratiotes,Pontederia crassipes,Salvinia molesta,Cabomba caroliniana,Ulex europaeus were identified as globally recognized threats,being listed by at least 33.3%of analyzed countries and invading five or more continents.Aquatic plants were found to be more frequently included in management lists.A significant directional invasion pattern between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres was identified.Species native to Asia were observed to dominate as significant donors of IAPs across continents.The analysis of list management strategies highlighted substantial gaps in achieving Target 6 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework,particularly in species prioritization and inclusion of potential IAPs.In response to these challenges,a tiered classification system for invasive alien species list was proposed,encompassing High-Priority,Watchlist,Potential,and Priority Site categories,which aimed at enhancing management effectiveness by tailoring strategies to different invasion stages and ecological contexts.This study could contribute to understanding global IAPs management strategies and serve as a reference for policymakers and conservation managers to identify priority IAPs and refine management approaches.展开更多
基金Guangdong Boluo Agro-technique Extension Center-South China Agricultural Univeristy Cooperation Project(7700-H13510)~~
文摘Guangdong has become a major＂window＂ for invasive plants, and the largest zone, where cross-border and intercontinental migration frequencies reach the peak. The invasive plants in Guangdong are dominated by Mikania micrantha, Eichhornia crassipes, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Eupatorium odoratum, and Wedelia trilobata. It is an important way for treating the invasive plants by exploring the prevention methods and making ful use of the characteristics of the invasive plants, and it is of great significance to prevent and utilize alien species in a scientific and effective way in order to control the invasive plants with minimal cost.
基金Supported by National Water Pollution Control and Management Technology Major Project of ChinaEcological Function Partition Research of Level Three and Level Four in Key Watershed(2012ZX07501002)the Fundamental Work Project of Ministry ofScience and Technology (2006FY111000)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to conduct investigation and risk assessment of the alien invasive plants in riparian zone of Dongjiang River.[Method] The field survey was carried out by the combination methods of sampling plots investigation and route survey,and the whole Dongjiang River was covered.52 sampling points were set in the main streams,and 87 sampling points in tributaries streams,624 quadrats were set in total;multi-index comprehensive evaluation method was adopted for the risk assessment with 6 first-level indexes and 25 second-level indexes.[Result] Through the investigation on the riparian zone of Dongjiang River for 2 years,51 species of alien invasive plants were found,belonging to 17 families and 38 genera.The risk level assessment results of these 51 species showed that 18 species,such as Ageratum conyzoides,belonged to high-level risk with over 60 points;26 species,such as Chenopodium ambrosioides,were between 30 and 60 points which belonged to middle-level risk;7 species,such as Paspalum dilatatum,with less than 30 points belonged to low-level risk.[Conclusion] Basic data on the protection,water environmental management and functional zoning of riparian zone of Dongjiang River were provided.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2604500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171662,32471753 and 32171666)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning(2020-MS-199).
文摘Exotic plant invasions and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration have been determined to independently affect soil nematodes,a key component of soil biota.However,little is known about the long-term effects of these two global change factors and their interactive effects.Over three consecutive years,we cultivated invasive alien plant Xanthium strumarium and its two phylogenetically related natives under both ambient(aCO_(2))and elevated(eCO_(2))atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,and determined the effects of the invader and natives on soil nematodes under different CO_(2)concentrations and the relevant mechanism.The abundance of total soil nematodes and that of the dominant trophic group(herbivores)were significantly affected by plant species and CO_(2)concentration,and these effects were dependent on the experimental duration,however,the Shannon-diversity of nematodes was not affected by these factors.Under aCO_(2),both invasive and native species significantly increased the total nematode abundance and that of the dominant trophic group with increasing experimental duration,and the amplitude of the increase was greater under the invader relative to the natives.The eCO_(2)increased total nematode abundance(second year)and that of the dominant trophic group(third year)under the invader,but not under the natives(or even decreased)with increasing experimental duration.Root litter had greater effects on soil nematode abundance than leaf litter and root exudates did.This study indicates that eCO_(2)would aggravate effects of invasive plants on soil nematodes by increasing abundance,and these effects would vary with the duration.
基金Supported by Joint Research Fund from National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)-Yunnan Province(U0933601)Students Research Fund from Southwest Forestry University(1001)~~
文摘[Objective]This study was to reveal the essence of mechanism about how the alien invasive plants spread.[Method]Species niche and material/energy flow were used as basic research indicators to analyze the intrinsic mechanism of alien plants invasion.[Result]Most of the invasive plants have not been explicitly defined and their effective control methods not brought forward.[Conclusion]Overrun of alien invasive plants depends on whether the niche of a species could be continuously met at spatial level.Based on this we put forward corresponding control measures,proposed an assumption to establish a cylinder-network model and discussed the definition of alien invasive plants.
基金Supported by the Basic Ability Improvement Project for Young and Middle Aged Teachers in Guangxi(KY2016YB421)the Project for Backbone Teachers of Baise University in 2013(210203009)
文摘According to the field survey of alien invasive plants of Jinziling,there were 23 kinds of alien invasive plants in the scenic spot.Species with the comprehensive dominance degree higher than 10% were as follows: six kinds of Asteraceae: Bidens pilosa,Aster subulatus,Ageratum conyzoides,Conyzai canadens,Parthenium hysterophorus,and Conyza sumatrensis; two kinds of Gramineae: Axonopus compressu,Eleusine indica; two kinds of convolvere: Ipomoea nil,Ipomoea purpurea; two kinds of Fabaceae: Cassiae tora,Medicago hispida; one kind of Verbenaceae: Lantana camara; one kind of Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia hirta.In total,there were 14 kinds of alien invasive plants.In this survey,the dominant species of invasive plants were obtained by statistical analysis of the composition and distribution of the invasive plants,and the invasion trend was predicted,so as to take effective and economical management and control measures.
基金Project(31300343)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject supported by Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment,ChinaProject(12JDG086)supported by Research Foundation for Advanced Talents of Jiangsu University,China
文摘Because co-occurring native and invasive plants are subjected to similar environmental selection pressures,the differences in functional traits and reproductive allocation strategies between native and invasive plants may be closely related to the success of the latter.Accordingly,this study examines differences in functional traits and reproductive allocation strategies between native and invasive plants in Eastern China.Plant height,branch number,reproductive branch number,the belowground-to-aboveground biomass ratio,and the reproductive allocation coefficient of invasive plants were all notably higher than those of native species.Additionally,the specific leaf area(SLA)values of invasive plants were remarkably lower than those of native species.Plasticity indexes of SLA,maximum branch angle,and branch number of invasive plants were each notably lower than those of native species.The reproductive allocation coefficient was positively correlated with reproductive branch number and the belowground-to-aboveground biomass ratio but exhibited negative correlations with SLA and aboveground biomass.Plant height,branch number,reproductive branch number,the belowground-to-aboveground biomass ratio,and the reproductive allocation coefficient of invasive plants may strongly influence the success of their invasions.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program(2020YFF0305905-06)Science and Technology Project of Hebei Academy of Sciences(22112)Key Discipline Project of Hebei Academy of Sciences(491-0401-YBN-DDH4).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the garden greenbelt in 30 sample plots such as parks,roads,communities,etc.in Shijiazhuang City.[Methods]The species,abundance and frequency of weeds in the greenbelt of public gardens were recorded through point-line-surface investigation,and typical plants were sampled.[Results]There were 56 species of alien invasive plants in garden greenbelts of Shijiazhuang City,belonging to 44 genera and 20 families.In terms of life form,herbaceous plants were absolutely dominant,accounting for 92.8%of the total.The most alien invasive plants were native to America,accounting for 66.1%of the total.In terms of introduction path,the plants introduced artificially and unintentionally accounted for almost half.The species and quantity of alien invasive plants were related to the size of greenbelt area,the length of the build time of the surveyed plot,the composition structure of greenbelt and the level of green management and protection.There was larger distribution of alien invasive plants in the sample plots with large greenbelt area,long build time,herbaceous-dominated greenbelt and low level of green management and protection.Among the 56 alien invasive plants,3 plants were toxic.From the perspective of invasiveness,the alien invasive plants in the garden greenbelt of Shijiazhuang City could be divided into 5 levels:invasive alien species of malignant consequences,invasive alien species of severe consequences,invasive alien species of partial consequences,invasive alien species of average consequences,and invasive alien species to be observed.[Conclusions]This study will provide a reference for the prevention and control of alien plant invasion,and lay a foundation for the prevention and control of existing invasive plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20190).
文摘Terrestrial plants are colonized by various microorganisms in the rhizosphere,phyllosphere and endosphere.Variations of microorganisms between these niches could affect plant performance.While studies have indicated that microorganisms associated with invasive plants may facilitate their invasion success,niche effects on the composition,function and co-occurrence network of invasive plant microbiomes remain poorly understood.In this study,we investigated the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil,root and leaf endospheres of two invasive plants,Flaveria bidentis and Eclipta prostrata.Flaveria bidentis is a recently introduced species(introduced in 2001),whereas E.prostrata has been invaded in China for over 1000 years.We found that microbial community of F.bidentis and E.prostrata harbored more specialists,fewer unique amplicon sequence variants(ASVs),and lower diversity and network complexity in the leaf endosphere than that in the rhizosphere soil.Moreover,the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil,root and leaf endospheres of F.bidentis were more diverse,included more unique ASVs,and had a higher network complexity than those of E.prostrata.Predicted functional profiles revealed that there were more beneficial bacteria and fewer pathogenic fungi associated with F.bidentis than those with E.prostrata.These results demonstrate that there is a significant niche differentiation in the two invasive plant microbiotas,and this work may also indicate potential impact of residence time of invasive plants on plant-microbe interactions.
基金We are grateful to Da-Wen Li and Ailaoshan Station for Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences for field assistance. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31100410, 31470575 and 30830027）, the National Key Technology R＆D Program of China （2011BAD30B00）, and Chinese Academy Science 135 Program （XTBG-T01, F01）.
文摘Soil microbes are one of the most important determinants of allelopathic effects in the field. However, most studies testing the role of allelopathy in biological invasions did not consider the roles of soil microbes. Here we tested the hypothesis that soil microbes which can degrade allelochemicals may accumulate in soils over time by adaptation and therefore increase the degradation of allelochemicals and alleviate the allelopathic effects in biological invasions. As expected, soil microbes signifi- cantly decreased the allelopathic effects of leaf leachates of eight in the nine invasive plant species studied. In addition, Ageratina adenophora showed lower allelopathic effects in soil with long or intermediately invasion history than those in soil with short invasion history. The two main allelo- chemicals of the invader were degraded more rapidly with increasing invasion history in the soil. Correspondingly,biomass and activity of the soil microbes were higher in the soils with long invasion history than in that with short invasion history. Our results indicate that soil microbes may graduaUy adapt to the allelochemicals of Ageratina and alleviate its allelopathic effects and thus support the above hypothesis. It is necessary to consider the effects of soil microbes when testing the roles of allelopathy or the novel weapons hypothesis in biological invasions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31460165,31960282)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2018GXNSFAA281112)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain(19-050-6).
文摘Nitrogen(N)deposition,precipitation and their interaction affect plant invasions in temperate ecosystems with limiting N and water resources,but whether and how they affect plant invasions in subtropical native communities with abundant N and precipitation remains unclear.We constructed in situ artificial communities with 12 common native plant species in a subtropical system and introduced four common invasive plant species and their native counterparts to these communities.We compared plant growth and establishment of introduced invasive species and native counterparts in communities exposed to ambient(CK),N addition(N+),increased precipitation(P+)and N addition plus increased precipitation(P+N+).We also investigated the density and aboveground biomass of communities under such conditions.P+alone did not enhance the performance of invasive species or native counterparts.N+enhanced only the aboveground biomass and relative density of invasive species.P+N+enhanced the growth and establishment performance of both invasive species and native counterparts.Most growth and establishment parameters of invasive species were greater than those of native counterparts under N+,P+and P+N+conditions.The density and aboveground biomass of native communities established by invasive species were significantly lower than those of native communities established by native counterparts under P+N+conditions.These results suggest that P+may magnify the effects of N+on performance of invasive species in subtropical native communities where N and water are often abundant,which may help to understand the effect of global change on plant invasion in subtropical ecosystems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1701236)Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NT2021010)+1 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(grant number 2019B030301007)Special Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong College Students’Scientific and Technological Innovation(grant number pdjh2020b0092).
文摘Rapid development in industrialization and urbanization causes serious environmental issues,of which acid rain is one of the quintessential hazards,negatively affecting soil ecology.Liming has been investigated for a long time as the most effective amendment to alter the adverse effects of soil acidity resulting from acid rain.Herein,this study tested the biochar produced from invasive plants as an alternative amendment and hypothesized that biochar can maintain better availability of macronutrients under acid rain than liming by improving soil chemical and biological properties.Therefore,a pot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of lime and biochar at two rates(1%and 3%)on soil available nitrogen(N),phosphorous(P)and potassium(K)under simulated acid rain of two pH levels(4.5:pH_(4.5) and 2.5:pH_(2.5))as compared with tap water(pH7.1)as a control treatment.Biochar was produced using different invasive plants,including Blackjack(Biden Pilosa),Wedelia(Wedelia trilobata)and Bitter Vine(Mikania micrantha Kunth).Liming decreased the availability of soil N,P,and K by 36.3%as compared with the control due to the great increment in soil pH and exchangeable calcium(Ca^(2+))by 59%and 16-fold,respectively.Moreover,liming reduced the alpha diversity of soil bacteria and fungi by 27%and 11%,respectively.In contrast,biochar at different types and rates resulted in a fourfold increment in the available N,P,and K as an average under acid rain(pH_(4.5) and pH_(2.5))owing to maintaining a neutral pH(6.5-7),which is the most favorable level for soil microbial and enzymatic activites,and the bioavailability of soil nutrients.Furthermore,biochar caused balanced increments in Ca^(2+)by threefold,cation exchange capacity by 45%,urease activity by 16%,and fungal diversity by 10%,while having a slight reduction in bacterial diversity by 2.5%.Based on the path,correlation,and principal component analyses,the exchangeable aluminum was a moderator for the reductions in macronutrients’availability under acid rain,which decreased by 40%and 35%under liming and biochar,respectively.This study strongly recommended the use of biochar from invasive plants instead of lime for sustainable improvements in soil properties under acid rain.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872034,31570540)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662020ZKPY007)the start-up funding of Huazhong Agricultural University(101-110200201).
文摘Aims Soil biota can affect plant-plant interactions and non-native plant invasions via plant-soil feedback(PSF).Understanding the drivers underlying interspecific variations in PSF is im portant for predicting the role of soil biota in non-native plant invasions.Recent studies found that PSF could be predicted by plant traits.The success of plant invasions is also linked with plant traits,suggesting a potential linkage between PSF and plant invasion via plant traits,but has not yet been tested.Here,we compared PSF between six phylogenetically paired co-occurring native and invasive plants,and explored the potential linkage between PSF with plant root traits.Methods We conducted a two-phase PSF experiment.Field collected soils were conditioned by the six plant species for 3 months firstly,then seedllings of these plants were grown in living or sterilized soils that had been conditioned by conspecific vs.heterospecific(the conge ner/confamilial species)individuals.We estimated effects of biota in conspecific(conspecific PSF)or heterospecific(heterospecific PSF)soils relative to sterilized soils,and the relative effects of biota in conspecific vs.heterospecific soils(PSF-away)on plant biomass.Important Findings In general,soil biota suppressed plant growth,and there were no differences in conspecific PSF,heterospecific PSF and PSF-away between native and invasive plants.PSF increased with rising plant fineto-total root mass ratio in the presence of soil biota,and its value was comparable between native and invasive plants.Our results indicate that similarity in plant fine-to-total root mass ratio that predicted PSF may have partially led to the comparable PSFs between these native and invasive plants.Studies exploring the linkages among plant traits,PSF and plant invasions with more plants,in particular phylogenetically distant plants,are needed to improve our understanding of the role of soil biota in plant invasions.
基金financial support from CNPq/Peld CRSC,Fapemig,CAPES,Anglo American,and Vale.
文摘Anthropogenic disturbances are causing significant impacts on plant distribution worldwide,and many of these effects are driven by changes in the recruitment patterns of plant species.Global warming and land-use change are two major disturbances leading to changes in germination strategies by changing both soil temperature regimes and light quality reaching the seeds due to soil disturbance.Investigating the range,overlap,and redundancy of niche germination of co-occurring plant species allows us to understand whether endemic species are threatened either by native non-endemic or by alien species,especially in an ecosystem of restricted distribution such as the campo rupestre.Employing a systematic review,this study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature increase and seed burial on the germination of endemic and non-endemic species in the campo rupestre in Brazil.We performed a metaanalysis using increased temperature and darkness as proxies for the impact of disturbance on germination patterns.In this context,we hypothesized that:increased temperature and darkness negatively influence the germination of native species and positively influence the germination of alien species in the campo rupestre.Specifically,we expect the negative effect to be more pronounced in endemic species than in native non-endemic species.Moreover,we intend to describe the role of seed size in the germination of native and alien species from campo rupestre in the context of increased temperature and darkness.Our analysis showed that increased temperature influenced the germination of alien species by ca.55%,while it did not influence the germination of endemic or native non-endemic species.Furthermore,the germination of alien species under higher temperatures was promoted by increasing seed size.Darkness negatively influenced seed germination of native species,independent of their distribution.Moreover,under darkness conditions,the germination of endemic seeds decreased with seed size.Through their direct effects on germination strategies,we conclude that warming temperatures and land-use change can lead to a long-term displacement of endemic species by native non-endemic and alien species in campo rupestre,thus compromising ecosystem services and conservation of these fragile physiognomies in the near future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071521,31800429)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170540)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment,China.
文摘Global changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities,including invasive species.Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species.Thus,the focus of the current review is on the contaminant biogeochemical behavior among native plants,invasive species and the soil within the plant-soil ecosystem to improve our understanding of the interactions between invasive plants and environmental stressors.Our studies together with synthesis of the literature showed that(i)the impacts of invasive species on environmental stress were heterogeneous,(ii)the size of the impact was variable and(iii)the influence types were multidirectional even within the same impact type.However,invasive plants showed self-protective mechanisms when exposed to heavy metals(HMs)and provided either positive or negative influence on the bioavailability and toxicity of HMs.On the other hand,HMs may favor plant invasion due to the widespread higher tolerance of invasive plants to HMs together with the‘escape behavior’of native plants when exposed to toxic HM pollution.However,there has been no consensus on whether elemental compositions of invasive plants are different from the natives in the polluted regions.A quantitative research comparing plant,litter and soil contaminant contents between native plants and the invaders in a global context is an indispensable research focus in the future.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB119200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30871654)
文摘Exotic plant invasion presents a serious threat to native ecosystem structure and function. Little is known about the role of soil microbial communities in facilitating or resisting the spread of invasive plants into native communities. The purpose of this research is to understand how the invasive annual plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. facilitates its competition capacity through changing the structure and function of soil microbial communities. The soil characteristics of different areas invaded by A. artemisiifolia were examined. Greenhouse experiments were designed to assess the effect of A. artemisiifolia invasion-induced changes of soil biota on co-occurring plant growth, and on the interactions between A. artemisiifolia and three co-occurring plant species. The results showed that the soil organic C content was the highest in heavily invaded sites, the lowest in native plant sites, and intermediate in newly invaded sites. Soil available N, P and K concentrations in heavily invaded site were 2.4, 1.9 and 1.7 times higher than those in native plant soil, respectively. Soil pH decreased as A. artemisiifolia invasion intensity increased, and was lower in invaded sites（heavily invaded and newly invaded） than in native plant sites. The soil microbial community structure was clearly separated in the three types of sites, and A. artemisiifolia invasion increased anaerobe, sulfate-reducing bacteria and actinomycete abundance. Soil biota of invaded sites inhibits growth of co-occurring plants（Galinsoga parvifloraCav., Medicago sativa L. and Setaria plicata（Lam.） T. Cooke.） compared to soil biota from un-invaded sites, but facilitates A. artemisiifolia growth and competition with co-occurring plants. A. artemisiifolia biomass was 50-130% greater when competing with three co-occurring plants, compared to single-species competition only（invasion by A. artemisiifolia alone）, in heavily invaded soil. Results of the present study indicated that A. artemisiifolia invasion alters the soil microbial community in a way that favors itself while inhibiting native plant species, with measurable effects on performance of co-occurring plants.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900271,32160086)Key Project of Guizhou Basic Research Program(QKHJC[2019]1455)Central Government Supporting Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(QKZYD[2021]4010).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to investigate and assess the species,distribution and hazard status of invasive alien plants on the campus of Tongren University.[Methods]A survey was conducted using line survey method,and the risk assessment index system of invasive alien plants was established by analytic hierarchy process(AHP).[Results]There were 11 species of invasive alien plants on the campus of Tongren University,belonging to 8 genera and 5 families.There were 6 species of invasive alien plants belonging to Asteraceae,accounting for 54.55%of the total.In terms of the origin of invasive plants,most of them were native to North America and Europe,accounting for 27.27%of the total.In terms of harmful level,there were no high-risk invasive plants on the campus of Tongren University,but Alternanthera philoxeroides had the highest score and was the most harmful.[Conclusions]The present situation of alien plant invasion on the campus of Tongren University is closely related to the ecological environment of the campus.It is suggested to strengthen the management of campus plants,focus on the prevention and control of A.philoxeroides,and carry out regular investigation of invasive alien plants on campus to ensure the ecological safety of the campus.
文摘River restoration activities are challenging for the native vegetation and the colonization process. The development of invasive alien plant species (IAS) as well as the development of the pioneer vegetation cover and seed bank were observed in one year prior to construction of a new river bed and within the first two years after construction, along the downstream section of the river Traisen in Austria. One year after completion of the new river channel, the occurrence of IAS above ground decreased while the occurrence of target species increased. Furthermore, no seeds of IAS were detected in the new river bed as a result of proper management of soil movement. Despite the positive impact on the abundance of IAS, the restoration project of the river Traisen shows that the fact that such a restoration activity is a disturbance event must be taken into consideration already during the planning process. Supporting the competitiveness of native plant species is an important tool for reducing the danger of establishment of invasive alien species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32101264)the Science and Technology Research and Development Project of Handan(Grant 23422304086)the National College Student Innovation Training Project of China(Grant No.202410103013).
文摘Plant invasion poses a serious environmental challenge to freshwater ecosystems. Heavy metal pollution and nutrient enrichment, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), are two additional critical environmental issues known to influence the growth of invasive plants. Notably, the N/P ratio in the environments is often inconstant;however, whether these variations can cause differential responses in invasive plants remains underexplored, despite its crucial importance for understanding plant invasiveness. In this study, we examined the effects of different N/P ratios (4:1, 16:1, 32:1, 64:1) on the growth of a widespread invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides in cadmium (Cd) polluted water, while maintaining either a constant N concentration (2 mmol L^(−1)) or a constant P concentration (0.5 mmol L^(−1)). Two control treatments were also included: one without Cd, N, or P, and another with Cd but without N or P. The addition of N and P did not mitigate the inhibitory effects of Cd on A. philoxeroides growth nor did it enhance its tolerance. However, under conditions of constant N concentration, the N/P ratio of 4:1 significantly increased both the main stem length and the number of nodes in A. philoxeroides under Cd stress, potentially enhancing its expansion and clonal growth. Our results suggest that A. philoxeroides exhibits greater sensitivity to variations in the N/P ratio when N concentration is held constant, compared to when P concentration is constant in Cd polluted water. This study investigated the effects of varying N/P ratios on invasive plants under Cd pollution, which has been underexplored in previous research. The findings provide an experimental basis for controlling and preventing the spread of invasive plants in freshwater systems polluted with Cd and experiencing eutrophication.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0502)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A20160)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(Grant No.23015810100).
文摘Invasive alien plant species(IAPS)pose severe threats to global biodiversity conservation.Effective management of IAPS requires mapping their distribution and identifying the environmental factors that drive their spread.The Gaoligong Mountains,a renowned biodiversity hotspot in southwestern China,currently face the dual challenges of IAPS invasion and climate change.However,we know little about the distribution patterns,key environmental drivers,and sensitivity of IAPS to future climate change in this region.In this study,we mapped IAPS richness distribution and identified invasion hotspots throughout the Gaoligong Mountains.In addition,we assessed the relative importance of environmental variables in shaping the spatial distribution of IAPS richness and projected potential shifts in IAPS richness under various climate change scenarios.We identified 161 IAPS,primarily concentrated in the low-elevation tropical and subtropical regions along river valleys,forming belt-like invasion hotspots.The key factors shaping IAPS richness included disturbance complexity,elevation,seasonal precipitation,and vegetation types.Notably,IAPS richness significantly declined with increasing elevation and latitude but increased with higher disturbance complexity.Moreover,IAPS were more prevalent in grasslands and shrublands than in forested areas.Ensemble modeling of future climate scenarios predicted that the distribution of IAPS richness would shift to progressively higher elevations.These findings provide valuable insights for managing IAPS in mountainous regions that play a crucial role in global biodiversity conservation.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds of CAF(CAFYBB2022SY020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872645).
文摘Invasive alien species(IAS)significantly threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem stability.Despite increasing management efforts,a critical knowledge gap existed in understanding commonalities and disparities among national strategies.We analyzed several IAS management lists from 23 countries and the European Union,focusing specifically on vascular plant species within these lists.List composition,characteristics,and associated management measures were analyzed.Key patterns in species prioritization across national lists and intercontinental exchange of invasive alien plants(IAPs)were identified.Pistia stratiotes,Pontederia crassipes,Salvinia molesta,Cabomba caroliniana,Ulex europaeus were identified as globally recognized threats,being listed by at least 33.3%of analyzed countries and invading five or more continents.Aquatic plants were found to be more frequently included in management lists.A significant directional invasion pattern between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres was identified.Species native to Asia were observed to dominate as significant donors of IAPs across continents.The analysis of list management strategies highlighted substantial gaps in achieving Target 6 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework,particularly in species prioritization and inclusion of potential IAPs.In response to these challenges,a tiered classification system for invasive alien species list was proposed,encompassing High-Priority,Watchlist,Potential,and Priority Site categories,which aimed at enhancing management effectiveness by tailoring strategies to different invasion stages and ecological contexts.This study could contribute to understanding global IAPs management strategies and serve as a reference for policymakers and conservation managers to identify priority IAPs and refine management approaches.
