Streptococcus pneumoniae is a known notorious cause of invasive pneumococcal diseases as well as asymptomatic host carriage. Efforts have been made to curb this infectious organism through various vaccine strategies. ...Streptococcus pneumoniae is a known notorious cause of invasive pneumococcal diseases as well as asymptomatic host carriage. Efforts have been made to curb this infectious organism through various vaccine strategies. However, its several strains and serotypes have necessitated various vaccine schedules and updates in the USA and globally. The evolution in pneumococcal vaccine schedules is not without challenges, such as cost, vaccine hesitancy, uptake and global disparities. This narrative review synopsizes the history of the Pneumococcal Vaccine and changes in its schedules in the last two decades based on published data. We focused on the impact of pneumococcal vaccination on invasive pneumococcal diseases, historical limitations, current challenges and future directions. Despite advancements in vaccination against S. pneumoniae infections, some pertinent issues exist that need to be swiftly fixed, to reduce national and thus global burden of pneumococcal diseases.展开更多
Background Erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates that causing invasive pneumococcal diseases （IPD） in Chinese children remain uncharacterized. This study aims to identify the resistance genes asso...Background Erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates that causing invasive pneumococcal diseases （IPD） in Chinese children remain uncharacterized. This study aims to identify the resistance genes associated with erythromycin resistance and to determine the genetic relationships of IPD isolates in Chinese children. Methods A total of 171 S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 11 medical centers in China from 2006 to 2008. All the isolates were characterized via serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility determination. The erythromycin-resistant isolates were further characterized via ermB and mefA gene detection, multi-locus sequence typing analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results A total of 164 （95.9%） isolates showed resistance to erythremycin, of which 162 strains with high high-level resistance （MIC 〉 256 pg/ml）. A total of 104 （63.4%） isolates carry the ermB gene alone, whereas 59 （36.0%） harbor both ermB and mefA genes. Of the 59 strains, 54 were of serotypes 19A and 19F and were identified as highly clonal and related to the TaiwanlgF-14 clone. Conclusions The erythromycin resistance rate in IPD isolates is significantly high and is predominantly mediated by the ermB aene. Isolates that carrv both ermB and mefA Qenes are oredominantlv of serotvoes 19A and 19E展开更多
文摘Streptococcus pneumoniae is a known notorious cause of invasive pneumococcal diseases as well as asymptomatic host carriage. Efforts have been made to curb this infectious organism through various vaccine strategies. However, its several strains and serotypes have necessitated various vaccine schedules and updates in the USA and globally. The evolution in pneumococcal vaccine schedules is not without challenges, such as cost, vaccine hesitancy, uptake and global disparities. This narrative review synopsizes the history of the Pneumococcal Vaccine and changes in its schedules in the last two decades based on published data. We focused on the impact of pneumococcal vaccination on invasive pneumococcal diseases, historical limitations, current challenges and future directions. Despite advancements in vaccination against S. pneumoniae infections, some pertinent issues exist that need to be swiftly fixed, to reduce national and thus global burden of pneumococcal diseases.
文摘Background Erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates that causing invasive pneumococcal diseases （IPD） in Chinese children remain uncharacterized. This study aims to identify the resistance genes associated with erythromycin resistance and to determine the genetic relationships of IPD isolates in Chinese children. Methods A total of 171 S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 11 medical centers in China from 2006 to 2008. All the isolates were characterized via serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility determination. The erythromycin-resistant isolates were further characterized via ermB and mefA gene detection, multi-locus sequence typing analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results A total of 164 （95.9%） isolates showed resistance to erythremycin, of which 162 strains with high high-level resistance （MIC 〉 256 pg/ml）. A total of 104 （63.4%） isolates carry the ermB gene alone, whereas 59 （36.0%） harbor both ermB and mefA genes. Of the 59 strains, 54 were of serotypes 19A and 19F and were identified as highly clonal and related to the TaiwanlgF-14 clone. Conclusions The erythromycin resistance rate in IPD isolates is significantly high and is predominantly mediated by the ermB aene. Isolates that carrv both ermB and mefA Qenes are oredominantlv of serotvoes 19A and 19E
