Background: Natural resources within and around urban landscapes are under increasing pressure from ongoing urbanisation, and management efforts aimed at ensuring the sustainable provision of ecosystem services(ES) ar...Background: Natural resources within and around urban landscapes are under increasing pressure from ongoing urbanisation, and management efforts aimed at ensuring the sustainable provision of ecosystem services(ES) are an important response. Given the limited resources available for assessing urban ES in many cities, practical approaches for integrating ES in decision-making process are needed.Methods: We apply remote sensing techniques(integrating LiDAR data with high-resolution multispectral imagery)and combined these with supplementary spatial data to develop a replicable approach for assessing the role of urban vegetation(including invasive alien plants) in providing ES and ecosystem disservices(EDS). We identify areas denoting potential management trade-offs based on the spatial distribution of ES and EDS using a local-scale case study in the city of Cape Town, South Africa. Situated within a global biodiversity hotspot, Cape Town must contend with widespread invasions of alien plants(especially trees and shrubs) along with complex socio-political challenges. This represents a useful system to examine the challenges in managing ES and EDS in the context of urban plant invasions.Results: Areas of high ES provision(for example carbon sequestration, shade and visual amenity) are characterized by the presence of large trees. However, many of these areas also result in numerous EDS due to invasions of alien trees and shrubs – particularly along rivers, in wetlands and along the urban edge where tall alien trees have established and spread into the natural vegetation(for example increased water consumption, increased fire risk and reduced soil quality). This suggests significant trade-offs regarding the management of species and the ES and EDS they provide.Conclusions: The approach applied here can be used to provide recommendations and to guide city planners and managers to fine-tune management interventions at local scales to maximise the provision of ES.展开更多
The expanding scale and increasing rate of marine biological invasions have been documented since the early 20th century. Besides their global ecological and economic impacts, non-indigenous species （NIS） also have ...The expanding scale and increasing rate of marine biological invasions have been documented since the early 20th century. Besides their global ecological and economic impacts, non-indigenous species （NIS） also have attracted much attention as opportunities to explore important eco-evolutionary processes such as rapid adaptation, long-distance dispersal and range expansion, and secondary contacts between divergent evolutionary lineages. In this context, genetic tools have been extensively used in the past 20 years. Three important issues appear to have emerged from such studies. First, the study of NIS has revealed unexpected cryptic diversity in what had previously been assumed homogeneous entities. Second, there has been surprisingly little evidence of strong founder events accompanying marine introductions, a pattern possibly driven by large propagule loads. Third, the evolutionary processes leading to successful invasion have been difficult to ascertain due to faint genetic signals. Here we explore the potential of novel tools associated with high-throughput sequencing （HTS） to address these still pressing issues. Dramatic increase in the number of loci accessible via HTS has the potential to radically increase the power of analyses aimed at species delineation, exploring the population genomic consequences of range expansions, and examining evolutionary processes such as admixture, introgression, and adaptation. Nevertheless, the value of this new wealth of genomic data will ultimately depend on the ability to couple it with expanded ＂traditional＂ efforts, including exhaustive sampling of marine populations over large geographic scales, integrated taxonomic analyses, and population level exploration of quantitative trait differentiation through common-garden and other laboratory experiments.展开更多
How come the English language develops into whatwe now call Modern English?This article intends to find outsome of itsorigins and reasonsfrom the pointof wview ofthe historical backgrounds thatresults in the development.
British history has been a history of invasion. The birth of English language is a result of invasions of the British Isles over many hundreds of years. Throughout British history there were four major invasions, name...British history has been a history of invasion. The birth of English language is a result of invasions of the British Isles over many hundreds of years. Throughout British history there were four major invasions, namely, the Roman Occupation, the Anglo-Saxon Invasion, the Viking Raids and the Norman Conquest, which had significant influence on English language.展开更多
Biological invasion is triggered by human development activities such as the construction and expansion of road networks.Road verges serve as important habitats and corridors for the distribution of invasive alien pla...Biological invasion is triggered by human development activities such as the construction and expansion of road networks.Road verges serve as important habitats and corridors for the distribution of invasive alien plant species(IAPS)between geographically distant habitats.However,the trajectory of plant invasion and the data regarding the impact of roads on IAPS distribution are relatively poor in Nepal.Here,we surveyed two road types(main roads and feeder road)in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal in order to investigate how different road types are driving the dispersal of IAPS along road verges and the adjacent natural habitats.Systematic sampling was conducted at ca 2.5 km intervals along the roads.At each sampling site,paired plots(25 m×4 m)were sampled:one adjacent to and along the road,and another 20 m away and parallel to it in the interior habitat.Our results revealed that the main road verges had a higher cover(33%)and a larger number of IAPS(14 species)than the feeder road(25%;10 species).The IAPS cover and richness were significantly higher along verges than in the adjacent interior habitats for both road types,indicating that roads are contributing as corridors for the dispersal of IAPS in the Middle Mountain areas of central Nepal.Further,elevation,tree canopy,and disturbances(grazing/mowing/trampling)were found to be the key factors that determine spatial distribution of IAPS along road verges.We emphasize that regular monitoring of vegetation along the road verges can help with the early detection and control of potential IAPS in the region before they become problematic.展开更多
Through the widespread implementation of next-generation sequencing （NGS）, analyses of the whole genome （the entire DNA content） and the whole transcriptome （the genes being expressed） are becoming commonplace. ...Through the widespread implementation of next-generation sequencing （NGS）, analyses of the whole genome （the entire DNA content） and the whole transcriptome （the genes being expressed） are becoming commonplace. NGS enables the analysis of a vast amount of previously unattainable genetic information. Despite this potential, NGS has yet to be widely imple- mented in genetic studies of biological invasions. The study of the genomic causes and consequences of biological invasions al- lows a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the invasion process. In this review, we present a brief introduction to NGS followed by a synthesis of current research in the genomics and transcriptomics of adaptation and coloniza- tion. We then highlight research opportunities in the field, including： （1） assembling genomes and transcriptomes of non-model organisms, （2） identifying genomic regions and candidate genes underlying evolutionary processes, and （3） studying the adaptive role of gene expression variation. In particular, because introduced species face a broad range of physiological and biotic chal- lenges when colonizing novel and variable environments, transcriptomics will enable the study of gene regulatory pathways that may be responsible for acclimation or adaptation. To conclude, we identify a number of research approaches that will aid our fu- ture understanding of biological invasions展开更多
Traits that aid in the invasion process should exhibit a gradient across the expansion range in response to changing selection pressures. Aggression has been repeatedly associated with invasion success in many taxa, a...Traits that aid in the invasion process should exhibit a gradient across the expansion range in response to changing selection pressures. Aggression has been repeatedly associated with invasion success in many taxa, as it may help invaders to wrestle the resources from other species which enhances their success in a novel environment. However, aggression primarily al lows individuals to overcome conspecific rivals, providing advantages in competition over resources. Agonistic prowess could therefore increase fitness at both ends of the expansion gradient. Here we review the role of aggression in range expansion of in vasive species, and its potential role as a driver of range expansion. We analyze how these different mechanisms could affect trait variation in expanding and invasive populations. Specifically, we look at how aggression could help dilate the edges of a popula tion through niche competition, as well as lead to exclusion from the center （Le. areas of high population density） by the conspe cities. Both of these processes will result in a characteristic spatial distribution of phenotypes related to aggression that could provide insights into the ecological pressures and dynamics of expanding populations, potentially providing clues to their success as niche competitors and invasive species展开更多
Invasive species have profound negative impacts on native ranges.Unraveling the mechanisms employed by invasive plant species is crucial to controlling invasions.One important approach that invasive plants use to outc...Invasive species have profound negative impacts on native ranges.Unraveling the mechanisms employed by invasive plant species is crucial to controlling invasions.One important approach that invasive plants use to outcompete native plants is to disrupt mutualistic interactions between native roots and mycorrhizal fungi.However,it remains unclear how differences in the competitive ability of invasive plants affect native plant associations with mycorrhizae.Here,we examined how a native plant,Xanthium strumarium,responds to invasive plants that differed in competitive abilities(i.e.,as represented by aboveground plant biomass)by measuring changes in root nitrogen concentration(root nutrient acquisition)and mycorrhizal colonization rate.We found that both root nitrogen concentration and mycorrhizal colonization rate in the native plant were reduced by invasive plants.The change in mycorrhizal colonization rate of the native plant was negatively correlated with both aboveground plant biomass of the invasive plants and the change in aboveground plant biomass of the native plant in monocultures relative to mixed plantings.In contrast,the change in root nitrogen concentration of the native plant was positively correlated with aboveground plant biomass of the invasive plants and the change in aboveground plant biomass of the native plant.When we compared the changes in mycorrhizal colonization rate and root nitrogen concentration in the native plant grown in monocultures with those of native plants grown with invasive plants,we observed a significant tradeoff.Our study shows that invasive plants can suppress native plants by reducing root nutrient acquisition rather than by disrupting symbiotic mycorrhizal associations,a novel finding likely attributable to a low dependence of the native plant on mycorrhizal fungi.展开更多
This paper examines the hypothesis that non-native plant invasions are related to fluctuating resource availability as proposed by Davis et al. （2000）. I measured relative functional responses of both invasive and n...This paper examines the hypothesis that non-native plant invasions are related to fluctuating resource availability as proposed by Davis et al. （2000）. I measured relative functional responses of both invasive and native plants to changed resource availability due to nutrient enrichment and rainfall, and to increased disturbance. Data are presented from studies in two contrasting ecosystems. First is a series of glasshouse and field experiments on the invader Hieracium lepidulum and associated invasive and native species in subalpine temperate New Zealand. Second is a field study of invasive and native plant responses to altered disturbance regimes and rainfall from tropical savannas of north eastern Australia. Invaders responded differently from native species to changes in resource availability in both subalpine and tropical studies. However, invaders differed among themselves showing that different species exploit different functional niches to invade their respective habitats. These findings contribute to the contention that the fluctuating resource hypothesis does not provide a universal explanation for plant invasions. The diverse functional responses to increased resource availability among invaders in this and previous studies suggest that the cause of invasion depends on unique combinations of habitat and functional attributes of invaders and native assemblages. Such findings imply that universal predictions of what will happen under climate change scenarios across the globe will be difficult to make.展开更多
The impacts of anthropogenisation modify permanently the distribution patterns of brackish and marine species. Globalization leads to a rapid increase of the numbers of introduced species anywhere in the world. Biolog...The impacts of anthropogenisation modify permanently the distribution patterns of brackish and marine species. Globalization leads to a rapid increase of the numbers of introduced species anywhere in the world. Biological invasions often result in significant losses in the economic value, biological diversity and function of invaded ecosystems. This review presents the main pathways of introduction of non-indigenous species and the main benthic taxonomic groups being established and/or invasive along the French Channel-Atlantic coasts. A focus is put on main invasive marine species in the intertidal and subtidal zones of Brittany (France), among macroalgae (Sargassum muticum, Grateloupia turuturu, Undaria pinnatifida, Codium fragile and Gracilaria vermiculophylla), halophytes (Spartina alterniflora) and benthic invertebrates (Mollusks: Crepidula fornicata, Crassostrea gigas and Venerupis philippinarum). The species biology, introduction vectors, reproductive and dispersal capacities are considered, together with proliferation patterns along the Channel-Atlantic coasts. The ecological impacts of these species on the environment are also described, as well as the European regulations existing to limit alien species introduction and some examples of struggle against the invaders including eradication trials and biomass valorization. Last, the on-going impacts of global changes on alien species invasiveness along the Channel-Atlantic coasts are discussed.展开更多
The role of regional species diversity in large-scale species invasions has been largely controversial.On the one hand,it has been proposed that diversity may facilitate invasion(“diversity begets diversity”)because...The role of regional species diversity in large-scale species invasions has been largely controversial.On the one hand,it has been proposed that diversity may facilitate invasion(“diversity begets diversity”)because regions with higher diversity may indicate favorable conditions for many more species.On the other hand,high diversity may indicate high levels of niche occupation,thus making it more difficult for new species to invade.In the past,invasion biologists have evaluated how regional native and exotic richness are related.Here,we test whether the range size of exotic species may be constrained by regional native richness using plant data from three continental regions in the Northern Hemisphere,i.e.,Europe,Eastern Asia,and North America.We found that regional native plant diversity is inversely related to the range size of exotic species.This result may be due to stronger species interactions such as competition in species-rich habitats that limit the establishment and spread of exotic species.展开更多
Objective:To determine whether the requirements for sialic acid varies and whether several types of silaic acid independent receptors utilized for invasion mechanisms of fresh filed isolates collected around Nanay riv...Objective:To determine whether the requirements for sialic acid varies and whether several types of silaic acid independent receptors utilized for invasion mechanisms of fresh filed isolates collected around Nanay river basin,Iquitos.Methods:The field isolates were cultured as described previously by Jensen and Trager and MR4 protocol with little modifications.The erythrocytes preparation and subsequent enzyme treatment was done as described previously by Sharma.with little modification.Invasion assay was performed as described previously by Sharma et al with little modification.Results:The Nanay river basin isolates showed five types of invasion mechanisms or types of receptors-ligand interactions.Here we observed that an equal numbers of neuraminidase sensitive and resistant invasion receptor-ligand interaction profiles as the most common receptor-ligand invasion profiles.Neuraminidase resistance trypsin sensitive chymotrypsin sensitive(NM_RT_SCT_S) invasion of receptor-ligand interaction profile was found in seven isolates,Five field isolates and one reference strain showed neuraminidase sensitive, trypsin sensitive and chymotrypsin resistant(NM_RT_SCT_R) invasion of receptor-ligand interactions, six isolates including one reference strains dd2 showed neuraminidase sensitive,trypsin and chymotrypsin resistance(NM_ST_RCT_R) indicating its dependence on sialic acids and independence of trypsin and chymotrypsin sensitive proteins.Four isolates showed neuraminidase sensitive, trypsin sensitive and chymotrypsin sensitive(NM_ST_SCT_S) invasion of receptor-ligand interactions, seven isolates were neuraminidase resistant,trypsin sensitive and chymotrypsin resistance (NM_RT_SCT_R) invasion of receptor-ligand interactions,indicating its dependence on trypsin sensitive proteins.Conclusions:The Nanay river basin isolates showed five types of invasion mechanisms or types of receptors-ligand interactions.A full understanding of theses invasion mechanisms may allow the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies that block erythrocyte receptor-ligand invasion mechanisms.展开更多
Background：Attention has recently been drawn to the issue of transboundary invasions,where species introduced and naturalized in one country cross international borders and become problematic in neighbouring countrie...Background：Attention has recently been drawn to the issue of transboundary invasions,where species introduced and naturalized in one country cross international borders and become problematic in neighbouring countries.Robust modelling frameworks,able to identify the environmental drivers of invasion and forecast the current and future potential distribution of invasive species,are needed to study and manage invasions.Limitations due to the lack of species distribution and environmental data,or assumptions of modelling tools,often constrain the reliability of model predictions.Methods：We present a multiscale spatial modelling framework for transboundary invasions,incorporating robust modelling frameworks（Multimodel Inference and Ensemble Modelling） to overcome some of the limitations.The framework is illustrated using Hakea sericea Schrad.（Proteaceae）,a shrub or small tree native to Australia and invasive in several regions of the world,including the Iberian Peninsula.Two study scales were considered：regional scale（western Iberia,including mainland Portugal and Galicia） and local scale（northwest Portugal）.At the regional scale,the relative importance of environmental predictors sets was evaluated and ranked to determine the main general drivers for the species distribution,while the importance of each environmental predictor was assessed at the local scale.The potential distribution of H.sericea was spatially projected for both scale areas.Results：Model projections for western Iberia suggest that a large area is environmentally suitable in both Portugal and Spain.Climate and landscape composition sets were the most important determinants of this regional distribution of the species.Conversely,a geological predictor（schist lithology） was more important in explaining its local-scale distribution.Conclusions：After being introduced to Portugal,H.sericea has become a transboundary invader by expanding in parts of Galicia（Spain）.The fact that a larger area is predicted as environmentally suitable in Spain raises concerns regarding its potential continued expansion.This highlights the importance of transboundary cooperation in the early management of invasions.By reliably identifying drivers and providing spatial projections of invasion at multiple scales,this framework provides insights for the study and management of biological invasions,including the assessment of transboundary invasion risk.展开更多
The spread of Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) is a constant threat for western US waters. The state of South Dakota detected zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) for the first time at Lewis and Clark Reservoir in 2014....The spread of Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) is a constant threat for western US waters. The state of South Dakota detected zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) for the first time at Lewis and Clark Reservoir in 2014. Since then, efforts have been towards preventing their further expansion. To determine possible avenues of infestation westward, we used ArcGIS to map the home zip codes of boaters using four western reservoirs (Belle Fourche Reservoir, Pactola Reservoir, Sheridan Lake and Angostura Reservoir). A 60-mile buffer was used to determine spatial relationships of boater zip codes to establish zebra mussel populations and was considered areas of high risk. We found that there were three instances where a boater came from a high-risk area during the study period. Our results show possible pathways for Dreissena expansion into western South Dakota reservoirs. Most notably is that exposure can occur from either an inter- or intra-state vector. This information confirmed that there is a risk of additional water bodies in South Dakota becoming infected. Based on past studies, prevention is the best method in slowing the expansion of zebra mussels in South Dakota. We suggest three actions, strategically placed decontamination stations, continued public awareness efforts and differentiating boat registration tags on watercraft that are near infested water bodies.展开更多
Aquaculture,as a major source of protein in the food industry,heavily relies on the introduction and farming of non-native species.Pikeperch,Sander lucioperca,an important fish in aquaculture,poses a threat to the sur...Aquaculture,as a major source of protein in the food industry,heavily relies on the introduction and farming of non-native species.Pikeperch,Sander lucioperca,an important fish in aquaculture,poses a threat to the survival of native species because it is a piscivore and has been introduced globally.To address this issue,we examined the niche dynamics of invasive populations by comparing the climatic niches of native and invasive populations of Pikeperch.Predictive models based on global occurrence data were used to assess the distribution areas of native and invasive populations,and the model results were converted into area measurements to estimate the potential invasion risk of pikeperch.The results show that invasive populations,especially those in Asia,occupy broader climatic niches.The main difference is that,compared to native-range populations,non-natives occupy warmer and more humid regions.These climatic differences have led to niche expansion by invasive populations,with invasive populations(particularly in Asia)showing a greater potential for invasion.we applied niche modeling to evaluate the potential invasion risks associated with introducing different geographic populations.Our models provide a scientific basis for managing aquaculture introductions,aiming to reduce invasion risks and minimiz both ecological and economic impacts.展开更多
●Plant co-invasion increased the alpha diversity and niche breadth of fungi.●Plant co-invasion increased network complexity but decreased stability.●Fungal community assembly was driven primarily by deterministic p...●Plant co-invasion increased the alpha diversity and niche breadth of fungi.●Plant co-invasion increased network complexity but decreased stability.●Fungal community assembly was driven primarily by deterministic processes,and plant invasion enhanced the deterministic process.●The soil pH and the C to P ratio(C/P)were the important driving factors for community construction.Invasive plants pose a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem stability.However,little is known about the assembly processes and interactions of soil fungal communities under co-invasion of alien plants.This study investigated the assembly processes and co-occurrence networks of different fungal taxa in invaded and non-invaded soils during the co-invasion of four invasive plants.The fungal community was composed of conditionally rare and abundant taxa(CRAT)and conditionally rare taxa(CRT).The alpha diversity of the CRAT was greater than that of the CRT,and plant co-invasion increased the alpha diversity.The network structure of the CRAT was more complex than that of the CRT,and plant co-invasion increased network complexity but decreased stability.Fungal community assembly was driven primarily by deterministic processes,with the relative deterministic effects of the CRAT being stronger than those of the CRT,and plant invasion enhanced the deterministic process.The niche breadth of the CRAT was narrower than that of the CRT,and the niche breadth of fungi was increased by plant co-invasion.The soil pH and the C to P ratio(C/P)were the important driving factors for community construction.The differences between the CRAT and CRT may indicate that they have different filtering mechanisms in response to the external environment.The co-invasion of four Asteraceae plants enhanced nutrient utilization efficiency of the soil microbial community,enabling them to successfully invade even under limited resource conditions.展开更多
Alien species from the Asteraceae family frequently invade native plant communities.This study aims to determine how the number of Asteraceae species(i.e.,Erigeron canadensis,E.annuus,and Solidago canadensis)in a co-i...Alien species from the Asteraceae family frequently invade native plant communities.This study aims to determine how the number of Asteraceae species(i.e.,Erigeron canadensis,E.annuus,and Solidago canadensis)in a co-invasion affects plant taxonomic diversity and invasibility in plant communities in China.We found that co-invasions by one or two Asteraceae species decreased plant diversity and increased community invasibility.However,co-invasion by three Asteraceae species increased plant diversity and community invasibility.We also found that plant taxonomic diversity was negatively correlated with total coverage of invasive Asteraceae species.Conversely,community invasibility was positively correlated with total coverage of invasive Asteraceae species.These findings indicate that the number of Asteraceae invasive species positively correlates with total coverage,diversity,dominance,evenness,and invasibility.Our study shows that co-invasion by three IAS may increase plant taxonomic diversity but also community invasibility,which may further facilitate subsequent invasion.展开更多
Oncology Research Editorial Office Published:19 January 2026 The published article titled“ABCB5-ZEB1 Axis Promotes Invasion and Metastasis in Breast Cancer Cells”has been retracted from Oncology Research,Vol.25,No.3...Oncology Research Editorial Office Published:19 January 2026 The published article titled“ABCB5-ZEB1 Axis Promotes Invasion and Metastasis in Breast Cancer Cells”has been retracted from Oncology Research,Vol.25,No.3,2017,pp.305-316.DOI:10.3727/096504016X14734149559061 URL:https://www.techscience.com/or/v25n3/56810.展开更多
The published article titled“MicroRNA-133b Inhibits Proliferation,Cellular Migration,and Invasion via Targeting LASP1 in Hepatocarcinoma Cells”has been retracted from Oncology Research,Vol.25,No.8,2017,pp.1269–1282.
基金Funding for this work was provided by the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology and the Working for Water Programme through their collaborative research project on “Integrated Management of invasive alien species in South Africa”the National Research Foundation,South Africa(grant85417 to DMR)
文摘Background: Natural resources within and around urban landscapes are under increasing pressure from ongoing urbanisation, and management efforts aimed at ensuring the sustainable provision of ecosystem services(ES) are an important response. Given the limited resources available for assessing urban ES in many cities, practical approaches for integrating ES in decision-making process are needed.Methods: We apply remote sensing techniques(integrating LiDAR data with high-resolution multispectral imagery)and combined these with supplementary spatial data to develop a replicable approach for assessing the role of urban vegetation(including invasive alien plants) in providing ES and ecosystem disservices(EDS). We identify areas denoting potential management trade-offs based on the spatial distribution of ES and EDS using a local-scale case study in the city of Cape Town, South Africa. Situated within a global biodiversity hotspot, Cape Town must contend with widespread invasions of alien plants(especially trees and shrubs) along with complex socio-political challenges. This represents a useful system to examine the challenges in managing ES and EDS in the context of urban plant invasions.Results: Areas of high ES provision(for example carbon sequestration, shade and visual amenity) are characterized by the presence of large trees. However, many of these areas also result in numerous EDS due to invasions of alien trees and shrubs – particularly along rivers, in wetlands and along the urban edge where tall alien trees have established and spread into the natural vegetation(for example increased water consumption, increased fire risk and reduced soil quality). This suggests significant trade-offs regarding the management of species and the ES and EDS they provide.Conclusions: The approach applied here can be used to provide recommendations and to guide city planners and managers to fine-tune management interventions at local scales to maximise the provision of ES.
文摘The expanding scale and increasing rate of marine biological invasions have been documented since the early 20th century. Besides their global ecological and economic impacts, non-indigenous species （NIS） also have attracted much attention as opportunities to explore important eco-evolutionary processes such as rapid adaptation, long-distance dispersal and range expansion, and secondary contacts between divergent evolutionary lineages. In this context, genetic tools have been extensively used in the past 20 years. Three important issues appear to have emerged from such studies. First, the study of NIS has revealed unexpected cryptic diversity in what had previously been assumed homogeneous entities. Second, there has been surprisingly little evidence of strong founder events accompanying marine introductions, a pattern possibly driven by large propagule loads. Third, the evolutionary processes leading to successful invasion have been difficult to ascertain due to faint genetic signals. Here we explore the potential of novel tools associated with high-throughput sequencing （HTS） to address these still pressing issues. Dramatic increase in the number of loci accessible via HTS has the potential to radically increase the power of analyses aimed at species delineation, exploring the population genomic consequences of range expansions, and examining evolutionary processes such as admixture, introgression, and adaptation. Nevertheless, the value of this new wealth of genomic data will ultimately depend on the ability to couple it with expanded ＂traditional＂ efforts, including exhaustive sampling of marine populations over large geographic scales, integrated taxonomic analyses, and population level exploration of quantitative trait differentiation through common-garden and other laboratory experiments.
文摘How come the English language develops into whatwe now call Modern English?This article intends to find outsome of itsorigins and reasonsfrom the pointof wview ofthe historical backgrounds thatresults in the development.
文摘British history has been a history of invasion. The birth of English language is a result of invasions of the British Isles over many hundreds of years. Throughout British history there were four major invasions, namely, the Roman Occupation, the Anglo-Saxon Invasion, the Viking Raids and the Norman Conquest, which had significant influence on English language.
文摘Biological invasion is triggered by human development activities such as the construction and expansion of road networks.Road verges serve as important habitats and corridors for the distribution of invasive alien plant species(IAPS)between geographically distant habitats.However,the trajectory of plant invasion and the data regarding the impact of roads on IAPS distribution are relatively poor in Nepal.Here,we surveyed two road types(main roads and feeder road)in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal in order to investigate how different road types are driving the dispersal of IAPS along road verges and the adjacent natural habitats.Systematic sampling was conducted at ca 2.5 km intervals along the roads.At each sampling site,paired plots(25 m×4 m)were sampled:one adjacent to and along the road,and another 20 m away and parallel to it in the interior habitat.Our results revealed that the main road verges had a higher cover(33%)and a larger number of IAPS(14 species)than the feeder road(25%;10 species).The IAPS cover and richness were significantly higher along verges than in the adjacent interior habitats for both road types,indicating that roads are contributing as corridors for the dispersal of IAPS in the Middle Mountain areas of central Nepal.Further,elevation,tree canopy,and disturbances(grazing/mowing/trampling)were found to be the key factors that determine spatial distribution of IAPS along road verges.We emphasize that regular monitoring of vegetation along the road verges can help with the early detection and control of potential IAPS in the region before they become problematic.
文摘Through the widespread implementation of next-generation sequencing （NGS）, analyses of the whole genome （the entire DNA content） and the whole transcriptome （the genes being expressed） are becoming commonplace. NGS enables the analysis of a vast amount of previously unattainable genetic information. Despite this potential, NGS has yet to be widely imple- mented in genetic studies of biological invasions. The study of the genomic causes and consequences of biological invasions al- lows a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the invasion process. In this review, we present a brief introduction to NGS followed by a synthesis of current research in the genomics and transcriptomics of adaptation and coloniza- tion. We then highlight research opportunities in the field, including： （1） assembling genomes and transcriptomes of non-model organisms, （2） identifying genomic regions and candidate genes underlying evolutionary processes, and （3） studying the adaptive role of gene expression variation. In particular, because introduced species face a broad range of physiological and biotic chal- lenges when colonizing novel and variable environments, transcriptomics will enable the study of gene regulatory pathways that may be responsible for acclimation or adaptation. To conclude, we identify a number of research approaches that will aid our fu- ture understanding of biological invasions
文摘Traits that aid in the invasion process should exhibit a gradient across the expansion range in response to changing selection pressures. Aggression has been repeatedly associated with invasion success in many taxa, as it may help invaders to wrestle the resources from other species which enhances their success in a novel environment. However, aggression primarily al lows individuals to overcome conspecific rivals, providing advantages in competition over resources. Agonistic prowess could therefore increase fitness at both ends of the expansion gradient. Here we review the role of aggression in range expansion of in vasive species, and its potential role as a driver of range expansion. We analyze how these different mechanisms could affect trait variation in expanding and invasive populations. Specifically, we look at how aggression could help dilate the edges of a popula tion through niche competition, as well as lead to exclusion from the center （Le. areas of high population density） by the conspe cities. Both of these processes will result in a characteristic spatial distribution of phenotypes related to aggression that could provide insights into the ecological pressures and dynamics of expanding populations, potentially providing clues to their success as niche competitors and invasive species
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870522,32171746 and 32171662)the Scientific Research Foundation of Henan Agricultural University(30500854),Research Funds for overseas returnee in Henan Province,China.
文摘Invasive species have profound negative impacts on native ranges.Unraveling the mechanisms employed by invasive plant species is crucial to controlling invasions.One important approach that invasive plants use to outcompete native plants is to disrupt mutualistic interactions between native roots and mycorrhizal fungi.However,it remains unclear how differences in the competitive ability of invasive plants affect native plant associations with mycorrhizae.Here,we examined how a native plant,Xanthium strumarium,responds to invasive plants that differed in competitive abilities(i.e.,as represented by aboveground plant biomass)by measuring changes in root nitrogen concentration(root nutrient acquisition)and mycorrhizal colonization rate.We found that both root nitrogen concentration and mycorrhizal colonization rate in the native plant were reduced by invasive plants.The change in mycorrhizal colonization rate of the native plant was negatively correlated with both aboveground plant biomass of the invasive plants and the change in aboveground plant biomass of the native plant in monocultures relative to mixed plantings.In contrast,the change in root nitrogen concentration of the native plant was positively correlated with aboveground plant biomass of the invasive plants and the change in aboveground plant biomass of the native plant.When we compared the changes in mycorrhizal colonization rate and root nitrogen concentration in the native plant grown in monocultures with those of native plants grown with invasive plants,we observed a significant tradeoff.Our study shows that invasive plants can suppress native plants by reducing root nutrient acquisition rather than by disrupting symbiotic mycorrhizal associations,a novel finding likely attributable to a low dependence of the native plant on mycorrhizal fungi.
文摘This paper examines the hypothesis that non-native plant invasions are related to fluctuating resource availability as proposed by Davis et al. （2000）. I measured relative functional responses of both invasive and native plants to changed resource availability due to nutrient enrichment and rainfall, and to increased disturbance. Data are presented from studies in two contrasting ecosystems. First is a series of glasshouse and field experiments on the invader Hieracium lepidulum and associated invasive and native species in subalpine temperate New Zealand. Second is a field study of invasive and native plant responses to altered disturbance regimes and rainfall from tropical savannas of north eastern Australia. Invaders responded differently from native species to changes in resource availability in both subalpine and tropical studies. However, invaders differed among themselves showing that different species exploit different functional niches to invade their respective habitats. These findings contribute to the contention that the fluctuating resource hypothesis does not provide a universal explanation for plant invasions. The diverse functional responses to increased resource availability among invaders in this and previous studies suggest that the cause of invasion depends on unique combinations of habitat and functional attributes of invaders and native assemblages. Such findings imply that universal predictions of what will happen under climate change scenarios across the globe will be difficult to make.
文摘The impacts of anthropogenisation modify permanently the distribution patterns of brackish and marine species. Globalization leads to a rapid increase of the numbers of introduced species anywhere in the world. Biological invasions often result in significant losses in the economic value, biological diversity and function of invaded ecosystems. This review presents the main pathways of introduction of non-indigenous species and the main benthic taxonomic groups being established and/or invasive along the French Channel-Atlantic coasts. A focus is put on main invasive marine species in the intertidal and subtidal zones of Brittany (France), among macroalgae (Sargassum muticum, Grateloupia turuturu, Undaria pinnatifida, Codium fragile and Gracilaria vermiculophylla), halophytes (Spartina alterniflora) and benthic invertebrates (Mollusks: Crepidula fornicata, Crassostrea gigas and Venerupis philippinarum). The species biology, introduction vectors, reproductive and dispersal capacities are considered, together with proliferation patterns along the Channel-Atlantic coasts. The ecological impacts of these species on the environment are also described, as well as the European regulations existing to limit alien species introduction and some examples of struggle against the invaders including eradication trials and biomass valorization. Last, the on-going impacts of global changes on alien species invasiveness along the Channel-Atlantic coasts are discussed.
文摘The role of regional species diversity in large-scale species invasions has been largely controversial.On the one hand,it has been proposed that diversity may facilitate invasion(“diversity begets diversity”)because regions with higher diversity may indicate favorable conditions for many more species.On the other hand,high diversity may indicate high levels of niche occupation,thus making it more difficult for new species to invade.In the past,invasion biologists have evaluated how regional native and exotic richness are related.Here,we test whether the range size of exotic species may be constrained by regional native richness using plant data from three continental regions in the Northern Hemisphere,i.e.,Europe,Eastern Asia,and North America.We found that regional native plant diversity is inversely related to the range size of exotic species.This result may be due to stronger species interactions such as competition in species-rich habitats that limit the establishment and spread of exotic species.
文摘Objective:To determine whether the requirements for sialic acid varies and whether several types of silaic acid independent receptors utilized for invasion mechanisms of fresh filed isolates collected around Nanay river basin,Iquitos.Methods:The field isolates were cultured as described previously by Jensen and Trager and MR4 protocol with little modifications.The erythrocytes preparation and subsequent enzyme treatment was done as described previously by Sharma.with little modification.Invasion assay was performed as described previously by Sharma et al with little modification.Results:The Nanay river basin isolates showed five types of invasion mechanisms or types of receptors-ligand interactions.Here we observed that an equal numbers of neuraminidase sensitive and resistant invasion receptor-ligand interaction profiles as the most common receptor-ligand invasion profiles.Neuraminidase resistance trypsin sensitive chymotrypsin sensitive(NM_RT_SCT_S) invasion of receptor-ligand interaction profile was found in seven isolates,Five field isolates and one reference strain showed neuraminidase sensitive, trypsin sensitive and chymotrypsin resistant(NM_RT_SCT_R) invasion of receptor-ligand interactions, six isolates including one reference strains dd2 showed neuraminidase sensitive,trypsin and chymotrypsin resistance(NM_ST_RCT_R) indicating its dependence on sialic acids and independence of trypsin and chymotrypsin sensitive proteins.Four isolates showed neuraminidase sensitive, trypsin sensitive and chymotrypsin sensitive(NM_ST_SCT_S) invasion of receptor-ligand interactions, seven isolates were neuraminidase resistant,trypsin sensitive and chymotrypsin resistance (NM_RT_SCT_R) invasion of receptor-ligand interactions,indicating its dependence on trypsin sensitive proteins.Conclusions:The Nanay river basin isolates showed five types of invasion mechanisms or types of receptors-ligand interactions.A full understanding of theses invasion mechanisms may allow the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies that block erythrocyte receptor-ligand invasion mechanisms.
基金funded by FEDER funds through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors-COMPETENational Funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology under the project PTDC/AAGMAA/4539/2012/FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027863(IND_CHANGE)+3 种基金supported by POPH/FSE fundsNational Funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology through Post-doctoral grant SFRH/BPD/84044/2012support from the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biologythe National Research Foundation(grant 85417)
文摘Background：Attention has recently been drawn to the issue of transboundary invasions,where species introduced and naturalized in one country cross international borders and become problematic in neighbouring countries.Robust modelling frameworks,able to identify the environmental drivers of invasion and forecast the current and future potential distribution of invasive species,are needed to study and manage invasions.Limitations due to the lack of species distribution and environmental data,or assumptions of modelling tools,often constrain the reliability of model predictions.Methods：We present a multiscale spatial modelling framework for transboundary invasions,incorporating robust modelling frameworks（Multimodel Inference and Ensemble Modelling） to overcome some of the limitations.The framework is illustrated using Hakea sericea Schrad.（Proteaceae）,a shrub or small tree native to Australia and invasive in several regions of the world,including the Iberian Peninsula.Two study scales were considered：regional scale（western Iberia,including mainland Portugal and Galicia） and local scale（northwest Portugal）.At the regional scale,the relative importance of environmental predictors sets was evaluated and ranked to determine the main general drivers for the species distribution,while the importance of each environmental predictor was assessed at the local scale.The potential distribution of H.sericea was spatially projected for both scale areas.Results：Model projections for western Iberia suggest that a large area is environmentally suitable in both Portugal and Spain.Climate and landscape composition sets were the most important determinants of this regional distribution of the species.Conversely,a geological predictor（schist lithology） was more important in explaining its local-scale distribution.Conclusions：After being introduced to Portugal,H.sericea has become a transboundary invader by expanding in parts of Galicia（Spain）.The fact that a larger area is predicted as environmentally suitable in Spain raises concerns regarding its potential continued expansion.This highlights the importance of transboundary cooperation in the early management of invasions.By reliably identifying drivers and providing spatial projections of invasion at multiple scales,this framework provides insights for the study and management of biological invasions,including the assessment of transboundary invasion risk.
文摘The spread of Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) is a constant threat for western US waters. The state of South Dakota detected zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) for the first time at Lewis and Clark Reservoir in 2014. Since then, efforts have been towards preventing their further expansion. To determine possible avenues of infestation westward, we used ArcGIS to map the home zip codes of boaters using four western reservoirs (Belle Fourche Reservoir, Pactola Reservoir, Sheridan Lake and Angostura Reservoir). A 60-mile buffer was used to determine spatial relationships of boater zip codes to establish zebra mussel populations and was considered areas of high risk. We found that there were three instances where a boater came from a high-risk area during the study period. Our results show possible pathways for Dreissena expansion into western South Dakota reservoirs. Most notably is that exposure can occur from either an inter- or intra-state vector. This information confirmed that there is a risk of additional water bodies in South Dakota becoming infected. Based on past studies, prevention is the best method in slowing the expansion of zebra mussels in South Dakota. We suggest three actions, strategically placed decontamination stations, continued public awareness efforts and differentiating boat registration tags on watercraft that are near infested water bodies.
基金supported by the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(Grant No.2021xjkk0600)the Sino BON-Inland Water Fish Diversity Observation Networkthe investigation project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China:"Yellow River Fisheries Resources and Environmental Survey".
文摘Aquaculture,as a major source of protein in the food industry,heavily relies on the introduction and farming of non-native species.Pikeperch,Sander lucioperca,an important fish in aquaculture,poses a threat to the survival of native species because it is a piscivore and has been introduced globally.To address this issue,we examined the niche dynamics of invasive populations by comparing the climatic niches of native and invasive populations of Pikeperch.Predictive models based on global occurrence data were used to assess the distribution areas of native and invasive populations,and the model results were converted into area measurements to estimate the potential invasion risk of pikeperch.The results show that invasive populations,especially those in Asia,occupy broader climatic niches.The main difference is that,compared to native-range populations,non-natives occupy warmer and more humid regions.These climatic differences have led to niche expansion by invasive populations,with invasive populations(particularly in Asia)showing a greater potential for invasion.we applied niche modeling to evaluate the potential invasion risks associated with introducing different geographic populations.Our models provide a scientific basis for managing aquaculture introductions,aiming to reduce invasion risks and minimiz both ecological and economic impacts.
基金funded by Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Grant Nos.202501AS070087,202301AT070297)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32171660)+1 种基金the 14th Five-Year Plan of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.E3ZKFF3B,E3ZKFF9B)the“Yunnan Revita-lization Talent Support Program”in Yunnan Province.
文摘●Plant co-invasion increased the alpha diversity and niche breadth of fungi.●Plant co-invasion increased network complexity but decreased stability.●Fungal community assembly was driven primarily by deterministic processes,and plant invasion enhanced the deterministic process.●The soil pH and the C to P ratio(C/P)were the important driving factors for community construction.Invasive plants pose a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem stability.However,little is known about the assembly processes and interactions of soil fungal communities under co-invasion of alien plants.This study investigated the assembly processes and co-occurrence networks of different fungal taxa in invaded and non-invaded soils during the co-invasion of four invasive plants.The fungal community was composed of conditionally rare and abundant taxa(CRAT)and conditionally rare taxa(CRT).The alpha diversity of the CRAT was greater than that of the CRT,and plant co-invasion increased the alpha diversity.The network structure of the CRAT was more complex than that of the CRT,and plant co-invasion increased network complexity but decreased stability.Fungal community assembly was driven primarily by deterministic processes,with the relative deterministic effects of the CRAT being stronger than those of the CRT,and plant invasion enhanced the deterministic process.The niche breadth of the CRAT was narrower than that of the CRT,and the niche breadth of fungi was increased by plant co-invasion.The soil pH and the C to P ratio(C/P)were the important driving factors for community construction.The differences between the CRAT and CRT may indicate that they have different filtering mechanisms in response to the external environment.The co-invasion of four Asteraceae plants enhanced nutrient utilization efficiency of the soil microbial community,enabling them to successfully invade even under limited resource conditions.
基金funded by the following sources:State Key Research Development Program of China(2024YFF1307500)Open Science Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology,Marine Academy of Zhejiang Province,China(KF-2024-112)+2 种基金Special Research Project of School of Emergency Management,Jiangsu University(KY-C-01)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment(no grant number)Research project on the application of invasive plants in soil ecological restoration in Jiangsu(20240110).
文摘Alien species from the Asteraceae family frequently invade native plant communities.This study aims to determine how the number of Asteraceae species(i.e.,Erigeron canadensis,E.annuus,and Solidago canadensis)in a co-invasion affects plant taxonomic diversity and invasibility in plant communities in China.We found that co-invasions by one or two Asteraceae species decreased plant diversity and increased community invasibility.However,co-invasion by three Asteraceae species increased plant diversity and community invasibility.We also found that plant taxonomic diversity was negatively correlated with total coverage of invasive Asteraceae species.Conversely,community invasibility was positively correlated with total coverage of invasive Asteraceae species.These findings indicate that the number of Asteraceae invasive species positively correlates with total coverage,diversity,dominance,evenness,and invasibility.Our study shows that co-invasion by three IAS may increase plant taxonomic diversity but also community invasibility,which may further facilitate subsequent invasion.
文摘Oncology Research Editorial Office Published:19 January 2026 The published article titled“ABCB5-ZEB1 Axis Promotes Invasion and Metastasis in Breast Cancer Cells”has been retracted from Oncology Research,Vol.25,No.3,2017,pp.305-316.DOI:10.3727/096504016X14734149559061 URL:https://www.techscience.com/or/v25n3/56810.
文摘The published article titled“MicroRNA-133b Inhibits Proliferation,Cellular Migration,and Invasion via Targeting LASP1 in Hepatocarcinoma Cells”has been retracted from Oncology Research,Vol.25,No.8,2017,pp.1269–1282.
