A special class of cubic polynomials possessing decay of geometry property is studied.This class of cubic bimodal maps has generalized Fibonacci combinatorics.For maps with bounded combinatorics,we show that they have...A special class of cubic polynomials possessing decay of geometry property is studied.This class of cubic bimodal maps has generalized Fibonacci combinatorics.For maps with bounded combinatorics,we show that they have an absolutely continuous invariant probability measure.展开更多
In this article the notion of quasi symmetry is introduced.It is proved that the quasi symmetry is equivalent to the uniqueness of invariant measure of Lévy processes in some sense.Moreover,the relationship bet...In this article the notion of quasi symmetry is introduced.It is proved that the quasi symmetry is equivalent to the uniqueness of invariant measure of Lévy processes in some sense.Moreover,the relationship between ratio limits and invariant measures is studied.展开更多
An iterated function system (IFS) is constructed. It is shown that the invariant measure of IFS satisfies the same equation as scaling equation for wavelet transform (WT). Obviously, IFS and scaling equation of WT bot...An iterated function system (IFS) is constructed. It is shown that the invariant measure of IFS satisfies the same equation as scaling equation for wavelet transform (WT). Obviously, IFS and scaling equation of WT both have contraction mapping principle.展开更多
Let X be a compact metric space and C（X） be the space of all continuous functions on X. In this article, the authors consider the Markov operator T ： C（X）N C（X）N defined by for any f = （f1,f2,… ,fN）, where ...Let X be a compact metric space and C（X） be the space of all continuous functions on X. In this article, the authors consider the Markov operator T ： C（X）N C（X）N defined by for any f = （f1,f2,… ,fN）, where （pij） is a N x N transition probability matrix and {wij } is an family of continuous transformations on X. The authors study the uniqueness, ergodicity and unidimensionality of T＊-invariant measures where T＊ is the adjoint operator of T.展开更多
This article is concerned with the weak convergence of invariant measures asso- ciated with multivalued stochastic differential equations in the finite dimensional space.
Consider a generalized model of the facilitated exclusion process, which is a onedimensional exclusion process with a dynamical constraint that prevents the particle at site x from jumping to x+1 (or x-1) if the sites...Consider a generalized model of the facilitated exclusion process, which is a onedimensional exclusion process with a dynamical constraint that prevents the particle at site x from jumping to x+1 (or x-1) if the sites x-1, x-2 (or x+1, x+2) are empty. It is nongradient and lacks invariant measures of product form. The purpose of this paper is to identify the invariant measures and to show that they satisfy both exponential decay of correlations and equivalence of ensembles. These properties will play a pivotal role in deriving the hydrodynamic limit.展开更多
A centre symmetric quadruple pattern-based illumination invariant measure(CSQPIM)is proposed to tackle severe illumination variation face recognition.First,the subtraction of the pixel pairs of the centre symmetric qu...A centre symmetric quadruple pattern-based illumination invariant measure(CSQPIM)is proposed to tackle severe illumination variation face recognition.First,the subtraction of the pixel pairs of the centre symmetric quadruple pattern(CSQP)is defined as the CSQPIM unit in the logarithm face local region,which may be positive or negative.The CSQPIM model is obtained by combining the positive and negative CSQPIM units.Then,the CSQPIM model can be used to generate several CSQPIM images by controlling the proportions of positive and negative CSQPIM units.The single CSQPIM image with the saturation function can be used to develop the CSQPIM-face.Multi CSQPIM images employ the extended sparse representation classification(ESRC)as the classifier,which can create the CSQPIM image-based classification(CSQPIMC).Furthermore,the CSQPIM model is integrated with the pre-trained deep learning(PDL)model to construct the CSQPIM-PDL model.Finally,the experimental results on the Extended Yale B,CMU PIE and Driver face databases indicate that the proposed methods are efficient for tackling severe illumination variations.展开更多
In this paper,we discuss the invariant measures for planar piecewise isometries.It is shown that the Hausdorff measure restricted to an almost invariant set with respect to the Hausdorff measure is invariant.
We study the mean orbital pseudo-metric for Polish dynamical systems and its connections with properties of the space of invariant measures.We give equivalent conditions for when the set of invariant measures generate...We study the mean orbital pseudo-metric for Polish dynamical systems and its connections with properties of the space of invariant measures.We give equivalent conditions for when the set of invariant measures generated by periodic points is dense in the set of ergodic measures and the space of invariant measures.We also introduce the concept of asymptotic orbital average shadowing property and show that it implies that every non-empty compact connected subset of the space of invariant measures has a generic point.展开更多
The concepts ofπ-irreduciblity,recurrence and transience are introduced into the research field of Markov chains in random environments.That aπ-irreducible chain must be either recurrent or transient is proved,a cri...The concepts ofπ-irreduciblity,recurrence and transience are introduced into the research field of Markov chains in random environments.That aπ-irreducible chain must be either recurrent or transient is proved,a criterion is shown for recurrent Markov chains in double-infinite random environments,the existence of invariant measure ofπ-irreducible chains in double-infinite environments is discussed,and then Orey's open-questions are partially answered.展开更多
In this paper, we consider the Markov process （X^∈（t）, Z^∈（t）） corresponding to a weakly coupled elliptic PDE system with a small parameter ∈ 〉 0. We first prove that （X^∈（t）, Z^∈（t）） has the Feller ...In this paper, we consider the Markov process （X^∈（t）, Z^∈（t）） corresponding to a weakly coupled elliptic PDE system with a small parameter ∈ 〉 0. We first prove that （X^∈（t）, Z^∈（t）） has the Feller continuity by the coupling method, and then prove that （X^∈（t）, Z^∈（t）） has an invariant measure μ^∈（·） by the Foster-Lyapunov inequality. Finally, we establish a large deviations principle for μ^∈（·） as the small parameter e tends to zero.展开更多
In this paper we consider a random evolution equation with small perturbations, and show how to construct coupled solutions to the equation. As applications, we prove the Feller continuity of the solutions and the exi...In this paper we consider a random evolution equation with small perturbations, and show how to construct coupled solutions to the equation. As applications, we prove the Feller continuity of the solutions and the existence and uniqueness of invariant measures. Furthermore, we establish a large deviations principle for the family of invariant measures as the perturbations tend to zero.展开更多
Some recent developments in the analysis of long-time behaviors of stochastic solutions of nonlinear conservation laws driven by stochastic forcing are surveyed.The existence and uniqueness of invariant measures are e...Some recent developments in the analysis of long-time behaviors of stochastic solutions of nonlinear conservation laws driven by stochastic forcing are surveyed.The existence and uniqueness of invariant measures are established for anisotropic degenerate parabolic-hyperbolic conservation laws of second-order driven by white noises.Some further developments,problems,and challenges in this direction are also discussed.展开更多
The systematic development of reduced low-dimensional stochastic climate models from observations or comprehensive high dimensional climate models is an important topic for atmospheric low-frequency variability,climat...The systematic development of reduced low-dimensional stochastic climate models from observations or comprehensive high dimensional climate models is an important topic for atmospheric low-frequency variability,climate sensitivity,and improved extended range forecasting.Recently,techniques from applied mathematics have been utilized to systematically derive normal forms for reduced stochastic climate models for low-frequency variables.It was shown that dyad and multiplicative triad interactions combine with the climatological linear operator interactions to produce a normal form with both strong nonlinear cubic dissipation and Correlated Additive and Multiplicative(CAM) stochastic noise.The probability distribution functions(PDFs) of low frequency climate variables exhibit small but significant departure from Gaussianity but have asymptotic tails which decay at most like a Gaussian.Here,rigorous upper bounds with Gaussian decay are proved for the invariant measure of general normal form stochastic models.Asymptotic Gaussian lower bounds are also established under suitable hypotheses.展开更多
Let Λ be an isolated non-trivial transitive set of a C1 generic diffeomorphism f ∈ Diff（M）. We show that the space of invariant measures supported on A coincides with the space of accumulation measures of time ave...Let Λ be an isolated non-trivial transitive set of a C1 generic diffeomorphism f ∈ Diff（M）. We show that the space of invariant measures supported on A coincides with the space of accumulation measures of time averages on one orbit. Moreover, the set of points having this property is residual in Λ （which implies that the set of irregular＋ points is also residual in Λ）. As an application, we show that the non-uniform hyperbolicity of irregular＋ points in A with totally 0 measure （resp., the non-uniform hyperbolicity of a generic subset in Λ） determines the uniform hyperbolicity of Λ.展开更多
Background:The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Patella(VISA-P) scale is the most condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure used to assess symptom severity in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.Prev...Background:The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Patella(VISA-P) scale is the most condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure used to assess symptom severity in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.Previous exploratory factor analyses have been conducted to evaluate the scale's dimensionality,with inconsistent results,and the factor structure of the scale remains unclear.The aims of the present study were to determine the factorial structure of the VISA-P scale using confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) and test measurement invariance across sexes.Methods:The study included a convenience sample of 249 Spanish athletes with patellar tendinopathy.CFA was performed to assess factorial validity.Hypothesized 1-and 2-factor models were tested.Measurement invariance across sexes was evaluated via multi-group CFA with several fit indices using EQS 6.1 software.Results:The internal consistency coefficient was 0.74.Several CFA models were examined and the 1-factor model in which errors for Items 7 and8 were correlated showed acceptable fit in terms of comparative fit index(CFI) and goodness-of-fit index(GFI) statistics(CFI = 0.93;GFI = 0.94;standardized root mean square residual = 0.06;root mean square error of approximation = 0.10;90% confidence interval:0.08–0.13).This model was invariant across sexes.Conclusion:The 1-factor model of the Spanish version of the VISA-P scale(VISA-P-Sp) in which errors for Items 7 and 8 were correlated demonstrated relative fit in CFA.Scores obtained via VISA-P-Sp can be compared between men and women without sexes bias.Further studies should examine the VISA-P scale and other single-score patient-reported outcome measures concurrently.展开更多
Unwanted sound that is unpleasant or disruptive to hear, often interpreted as noise, is a widespread environmental pollutant. Similar to other environmental pollutants, this noise incurs a variety of costs to society....Unwanted sound that is unpleasant or disruptive to hear, often interpreted as noise, is a widespread environmental pollutant. Similar to other environmental pollutants, this noise incurs a variety of costs to society. Numerous negative health impacts are linked to increases in noise exposure,such as increased cardiovascular risk;and sleep展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Maternal emotional tie towards a foetus is a predictor of later maternal and child’s mental health. <strong>Methods:</strong> A questionnaire survey was conducted ...<strong>Background:</strong> Maternal emotional tie towards a foetus is a predictor of later maternal and child’s mental health. <strong>Methods:</strong> A questionnaire survey was conducted among 539 first trimester women. It included the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The factor structure models derived from exploratory factor analyses were compared by confirmatory factor analyses. <strong>Results:</strong> A three-factor bifactor model of the PAI was bet fit to the data. The omega coefficients and explained common variance suggested that the influences of three group factors were not negligible. The scores of the three subscales (derived from the three factors) were differently associated with age, gestation week, and adult attachment styles (derived from RQ). They were, however, not correlated with the EPDS scores. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The PAI has a model of three groups and one general factor with an excellent fit to the data. The three subscales have construct validity too.展开更多
Background: Bonding disorders affect the growth and development of infants. In Japan, the Japanese version of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS-J) is widely used for early detection of bonding disorders. Repeat...Background: Bonding disorders affect the growth and development of infants. In Japan, the Japanese version of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS-J) is widely used for early detection of bonding disorders. Repeated use of a questionnaire has problems of reduced validity. In order to correctly detect bonding disorders at multiple time points, it is necessary to confirm the measurement invariance of the scale. Baba et al. reported that invariance of the MIBS-J factor structure could only be obtained by abridging the scale into three items. Purpose: The aim of this study was to 1) confirm the factor structure and measurement invariance of the MIBS-J between two measurement times and 2) to examine factors that can be used without being affected by measurement time in order to identify item that contribute to measure met invariance. Methods: We analysed the data of 1049 and 878 mothers with a neonate collected in two waves: 5 days (Wave 1) and 1 month postpartum (Wave 2). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on the data randomly divided into two groups in each wave. Results: The three-item model (MIBS-J items 1, 6, and 8) was most accepted. Measurement invariance and structural invariance were confirmed in the model. This was consistent with Baba et al.’s model. Conclusion: The three MIBS-J items showed measurement invariance and structural invariance in Japanese mothers during 1 month postpartum.展开更多
Background:Valid and reliable measures of depressive symptoms are crucial for understanding risk factors,outcomes,and interventions across rural and urban settings.Despite this need,the longitudinal invariance of thes...Background:Valid and reliable measures of depressive symptoms are crucial for understanding risk factors,outcomes,and interventions across rural and urban settings.Despite this need,the longitudinal invariance of these measures over time remains understudied.This research explores the structural components of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D)and examines its consistency across various living environments and temporal stability in a cohort of Chinese teenagers.Method:In the initial phase,1,042 adolescents furnished demographic details and undertook the CES-D assessment.After a three-month interval,967 of these participants repeated the CES-D evaluation.The study employed Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)to scrutinize the scale’s structural integrity.We investigated factorial invariance by conducting a twopronged CFA:one comparing urban vs.rural backgrounds,and another contrasting the results from the initial assessment with those from the follow-up.Results:The CES-D demonstrated adequate reliability in both rural and urban high school student samples.The preliminary four-factor model applied to the CES-D demonstrated a good fit with the collected data.Invariance tests,including multigroup analyses comparing rural and urban samples and longitudinal assessments,confirmed the scale’s invariance.Conclusions:The results suggest that the CES-D serves as a reliable instrument for evaluating depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents.Its applicability is consistent across different living environments and remains stable over time.展开更多
文摘A special class of cubic polynomials possessing decay of geometry property is studied.This class of cubic bimodal maps has generalized Fibonacci combinatorics.For maps with bounded combinatorics,we show that they have an absolutely continuous invariant probability measure.
文摘In this article the notion of quasi symmetry is introduced.It is proved that the quasi symmetry is equivalent to the uniqueness of invariant measure of Lévy processes in some sense.Moreover,the relationship between ratio limits and invariant measures is studied.
文摘An iterated function system (IFS) is constructed. It is shown that the invariant measure of IFS satisfies the same equation as scaling equation for wavelet transform (WT). Obviously, IFS and scaling equation of WT both have contraction mapping principle.
文摘Let X be a compact metric space and C（X） be the space of all continuous functions on X. In this article, the authors consider the Markov operator T ： C（X）N C（X）N defined by for any f = （f1,f2,… ,fN）, where （pij） is a N x N transition probability matrix and {wij } is an family of continuous transformations on X. The authors study the uniqueness, ergodicity and unidimensionality of T＊-invariant measures where T＊ is the adjoint operator of T.
基金supported by NSFs of China(11471340 and 11461028)
文摘This article is concerned with the weak convergence of invariant measures asso- ciated with multivalued stochastic differential equations in the finite dimensional space.
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11731012, 11871425, 12271475)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities grant(2020XZZX002-03)。
文摘Consider a generalized model of the facilitated exclusion process, which is a onedimensional exclusion process with a dynamical constraint that prevents the particle at site x from jumping to x+1 (or x-1) if the sites x-1, x-2 (or x+1, x+2) are empty. It is nongradient and lacks invariant measures of product form. The purpose of this paper is to identify the invariant measures and to show that they satisfy both exponential decay of correlations and equivalence of ensembles. These properties will play a pivotal role in deriving the hydrodynamic limit.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61802203)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20180761)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M651653)Postdoctoral Research Funding Program of Jiangsu Province(No.2019K124).
文摘A centre symmetric quadruple pattern-based illumination invariant measure(CSQPIM)is proposed to tackle severe illumination variation face recognition.First,the subtraction of the pixel pairs of the centre symmetric quadruple pattern(CSQP)is defined as the CSQPIM unit in the logarithm face local region,which may be positive or negative.The CSQPIM model is obtained by combining the positive and negative CSQPIM units.Then,the CSQPIM model can be used to generate several CSQPIM images by controlling the proportions of positive and negative CSQPIM units.The single CSQPIM image with the saturation function can be used to develop the CSQPIM-face.Multi CSQPIM images employ the extended sparse representation classification(ESRC)as the classifier,which can create the CSQPIM image-based classification(CSQPIMC).Furthermore,the CSQPIM model is integrated with the pre-trained deep learning(PDL)model to construct the CSQPIM-PDL model.Finally,the experimental results on the Extended Yale B,CMU PIE and Driver face databases indicate that the proposed methods are efficient for tackling severe illumination variations.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10672146)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (Grant No.2007GQS0142)
文摘In this paper,we discuss the invariant measures for planar piecewise isometries.It is shown that the Hausdorff measure restricted to an almost invariant set with respect to the Hausdorff measure is invariant.
基金Supported by NNSF of China(Grant Nos.12222110 and 12171298)。
文摘We study the mean orbital pseudo-metric for Polish dynamical systems and its connections with properties of the space of invariant measures.We give equivalent conditions for when the set of invariant measures generated by periodic points is dense in the set of ergodic measures and the space of invariant measures.We also introduce the concept of asymptotic orbital average shadowing property and show that it implies that every non-empty compact connected subset of the space of invariant measures has a generic point.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.99JJY2001)Hunan Provincial Foundation for Young and Middleaged People(Grant No.00JJEY2141).
文摘The concepts ofπ-irreduciblity,recurrence and transience are introduced into the research field of Markov chains in random environments.That aπ-irreducible chain must be either recurrent or transient is proved,a criterion is shown for recurrent Markov chains in double-infinite random environments,the existence of invariant measure ofπ-irreducible chains in double-infinite environments is discussed,and then Orey's open-questions are partially answered.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 19901001
文摘In this paper, we consider the Markov process （X^∈（t）, Z^∈（t）） corresponding to a weakly coupled elliptic PDE system with a small parameter ∈ 〉 0. We first prove that （X^∈（t）, Z^∈（t）） has the Feller continuity by the coupling method, and then prove that （X^∈（t）, Z^∈（t）） has an invariant measure μ^∈（·） by the Foster-Lyapunov inequality. Finally, we establish a large deviations principle for μ^∈（·） as the small parameter e tends to zero.
基金Partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.69874003
文摘In this paper we consider a random evolution equation with small perturbations, and show how to construct coupled solutions to the equation. As applications, we prove the Feller continuity of the solutions and the existence and uniqueness of invariant measures. Furthermore, we establish a large deviations principle for the family of invariant measures as the perturbations tend to zero.
基金supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Award EP/E035027/1,EP/L015811/1the Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award(UK)an Oxford Croucher Scholarship
文摘Some recent developments in the analysis of long-time behaviors of stochastic solutions of nonlinear conservation laws driven by stochastic forcing are surveyed.The existence and uniqueness of invariant measures are established for anisotropic degenerate parabolic-hyperbolic conservation laws of second-order driven by white noises.Some further developments,problems,and challenges in this direction are also discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Science Foundation Grant(No.DMS-0456713)the Office of Naval Research Grant(No.N0014-05-1-1064)
文摘The systematic development of reduced low-dimensional stochastic climate models from observations or comprehensive high dimensional climate models is an important topic for atmospheric low-frequency variability,climate sensitivity,and improved extended range forecasting.Recently,techniques from applied mathematics have been utilized to systematically derive normal forms for reduced stochastic climate models for low-frequency variables.It was shown that dyad and multiplicative triad interactions combine with the climatological linear operator interactions to produce a normal form with both strong nonlinear cubic dissipation and Correlated Additive and Multiplicative(CAM) stochastic noise.The probability distribution functions(PDFs) of low frequency climate variables exhibit small but significant departure from Gaussianity but have asymptotic tails which decay at most like a Gaussian.Here,rigorous upper bounds with Gaussian decay are proved for the invariant measure of general normal form stochastic models.Asymptotic Gaussian lower bounds are also established under suitable hypotheses.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.10671006,10831003)supported by CAPES(Brazil)
文摘Let Λ be an isolated non-trivial transitive set of a C1 generic diffeomorphism f ∈ Diff（M）. We show that the space of invariant measures supported on A coincides with the space of accumulation measures of time averages on one orbit. Moreover, the set of points having this property is residual in Λ （which implies that the set of irregular＋ points is also residual in Λ）. As an application, we show that the non-uniform hyperbolicity of irregular＋ points in A with totally 0 measure （resp., the non-uniform hyperbolicity of a generic subset in Λ） determines the uniform hyperbolicity of Λ.
文摘Background:The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Patella(VISA-P) scale is the most condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure used to assess symptom severity in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.Previous exploratory factor analyses have been conducted to evaluate the scale's dimensionality,with inconsistent results,and the factor structure of the scale remains unclear.The aims of the present study were to determine the factorial structure of the VISA-P scale using confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) and test measurement invariance across sexes.Methods:The study included a convenience sample of 249 Spanish athletes with patellar tendinopathy.CFA was performed to assess factorial validity.Hypothesized 1-and 2-factor models were tested.Measurement invariance across sexes was evaluated via multi-group CFA with several fit indices using EQS 6.1 software.Results:The internal consistency coefficient was 0.74.Several CFA models were examined and the 1-factor model in which errors for Items 7 and8 were correlated showed acceptable fit in terms of comparative fit index(CFI) and goodness-of-fit index(GFI) statistics(CFI = 0.93;GFI = 0.94;standardized root mean square residual = 0.06;root mean square error of approximation = 0.10;90% confidence interval:0.08–0.13).This model was invariant across sexes.Conclusion:The 1-factor model of the Spanish version of the VISA-P scale(VISA-P-Sp) in which errors for Items 7 and 8 were correlated demonstrated relative fit in CFA.Scores obtained via VISA-P-Sp can be compared between men and women without sexes bias.Further studies should examine the VISA-P scale and other single-score patient-reported outcome measures concurrently.
基金sponsored by the projects with OSP#193942 and#193940
文摘Unwanted sound that is unpleasant or disruptive to hear, often interpreted as noise, is a widespread environmental pollutant. Similar to other environmental pollutants, this noise incurs a variety of costs to society. Numerous negative health impacts are linked to increases in noise exposure,such as increased cardiovascular risk;and sleep
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Maternal emotional tie towards a foetus is a predictor of later maternal and child’s mental health. <strong>Methods:</strong> A questionnaire survey was conducted among 539 first trimester women. It included the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The factor structure models derived from exploratory factor analyses were compared by confirmatory factor analyses. <strong>Results:</strong> A three-factor bifactor model of the PAI was bet fit to the data. The omega coefficients and explained common variance suggested that the influences of three group factors were not negligible. The scores of the three subscales (derived from the three factors) were differently associated with age, gestation week, and adult attachment styles (derived from RQ). They were, however, not correlated with the EPDS scores. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The PAI has a model of three groups and one general factor with an excellent fit to the data. The three subscales have construct validity too.
文摘Background: Bonding disorders affect the growth and development of infants. In Japan, the Japanese version of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS-J) is widely used for early detection of bonding disorders. Repeated use of a questionnaire has problems of reduced validity. In order to correctly detect bonding disorders at multiple time points, it is necessary to confirm the measurement invariance of the scale. Baba et al. reported that invariance of the MIBS-J factor structure could only be obtained by abridging the scale into three items. Purpose: The aim of this study was to 1) confirm the factor structure and measurement invariance of the MIBS-J between two measurement times and 2) to examine factors that can be used without being affected by measurement time in order to identify item that contribute to measure met invariance. Methods: We analysed the data of 1049 and 878 mothers with a neonate collected in two waves: 5 days (Wave 1) and 1 month postpartum (Wave 2). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on the data randomly divided into two groups in each wave. Results: The three-item model (MIBS-J items 1, 6, and 8) was most accepted. Measurement invariance and structural invariance were confirmed in the model. This was consistent with Baba et al.’s model. Conclusion: The three MIBS-J items showed measurement invariance and structural invariance in Japanese mothers during 1 month postpartum.
文摘Background:Valid and reliable measures of depressive symptoms are crucial for understanding risk factors,outcomes,and interventions across rural and urban settings.Despite this need,the longitudinal invariance of these measures over time remains understudied.This research explores the structural components of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D)and examines its consistency across various living environments and temporal stability in a cohort of Chinese teenagers.Method:In the initial phase,1,042 adolescents furnished demographic details and undertook the CES-D assessment.After a three-month interval,967 of these participants repeated the CES-D evaluation.The study employed Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)to scrutinize the scale’s structural integrity.We investigated factorial invariance by conducting a twopronged CFA:one comparing urban vs.rural backgrounds,and another contrasting the results from the initial assessment with those from the follow-up.Results:The CES-D demonstrated adequate reliability in both rural and urban high school student samples.The preliminary four-factor model applied to the CES-D demonstrated a good fit with the collected data.Invariance tests,including multigroup analyses comparing rural and urban samples and longitudinal assessments,confirmed the scale’s invariance.Conclusions:The results suggest that the CES-D serves as a reliable instrument for evaluating depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents.Its applicability is consistent across different living environments and remains stable over time.
