Background Embryo implantation in early gestation is crucial for reproductive success,while dietary fiber plays a key role in regulating sow fertility.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study explor...Background Embryo implantation in early gestation is crucial for reproductive success,while dietary fiber plays a key role in regulating sow fertility.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study explores the influence of dietary inulin on embryonic implantation using a sow model.Sows were fed a diet supplemented with 11 g/kg of inulin during early gestation and were slaughtered on gestation day 19(G19).Uterine fluid exosomes(UFEs)and endometrial tissues were collected for high-throughput sequencing and for analysis of the expression of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins,respectively.Furthermore,UFEs obtained from slaughtered sows were injected into G19 sows to investigate the effects on reproduction and angiogenesis.Results The results showed that inulin significantly increased the number of blood vessels in the endometrium and expression of the angiogenesis-related proteins MMP2 and ANGPT1 in G19 sows(P<0.05).Bioinformatics analysis revealed that inulin significantly downregulated miRNAs associated with angiogenesis inhibition in UFEs,while upregulating miRNAs related to trophoblast physiological activities and regulation of the uterine fluid microenvironment(P<0.05).Furthermore,intravenous injection of G19 sows with UFEs from sows fed a diet containing inulin had significantly promoted vascular formation in the endometrium and embryos,and increased the number of live embryos on gestation day 28(G28)(P<0.05).Additionally,the mRNA expression levels of MMP2,ANGPT1,and VEGF in the placentas of sows were significantly elevated on G28 and at farrowing in the UFEs injection group(P<0.05).Conclusion Dietary supplementation with inulin during early gestation in sows promoted embryo implantation by regulating angiogenesis at the maternal–fetal interface through the modulation of miRNA expression in UFEs.These findings provide a theoretical reference for the application of dietary fiber in sow nutrition.展开更多
Objective:To explore the application method and clinical effect of inulin in the treatment of constipation for patients in the ICU.Methods:Sixty ICU patients with constipation were randomly divided into an experimenta...Objective:To explore the application method and clinical effect of inulin in the treatment of constipation for patients in the ICU.Methods:Sixty ICU patients with constipation were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group,with 30 patients in each group.The control group received nasal feeding with a regular diet.The experimental group received nasal feeding with a regular diet plus inulin.The defecation status of the patients was observed and compared on the 3rd,5th,and 7th days.Results:Among the 30 patients in the experimental group and 30 patients in the control group,there was a statistically significant difference in treatment effect between the two groups(P<0.05).The treatment duration was(3.91±1.09)days in the experimental group and(5.78±1.52)days in the control group.Conclusion:Inulin has a significant effect in the treatment of constipation for critically ill patients in the ICU and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.展开更多
High-fat diet(HFD)promotes the imbalance of gut microbiota,contributing to the development of metabolic disorders.Pomegranate juice(PJ)and inulin,as dietary polyphenol and dietary fiber respectively,have been reported...High-fat diet(HFD)promotes the imbalance of gut microbiota,contributing to the development of metabolic disorders.Pomegranate juice(PJ)and inulin,as dietary polyphenol and dietary fiber respectively,have been reported to ameliorate diet-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorders.However,the combined effect of PJ and inulin on HFD-induced metabolic disorders has not been elucidated.In current study,we found that the combination of PJ and inulin prevent HFD-induced obesity,dyslipidemia,and gut microbiota dysbiosis.Moreover,the fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)produced by inulin were increased after inulin combined with PJ.The levels of pomegranate polyphenol metabolites produced by PJ were also increased after PJ combined with inulin,especially pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the presence of inulin enhance the absorption level of urolithin A.Fecal metabolomic analysis found that PJ combined with inulin alter the metabolic status compared with PJ.It was also showed that the levels of SCFAs and pomegranate polyphenol metabolites among groups were correlated with gut microbiota and metabolic disorders indicators.Our results suggested that PJ combined with inulin prevent HFD-induced metabolic disorders,which may be attributed to the promotion of mutual metabolic transformation and absorption of PJ and inulin by gut microbiota.展开更多
To develop an HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of nine inulin-type fructo-oligosaccharides in inulin,the HPLC-ELSD system consisted of Waters XBridge■ Amide column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)with a gradient elutio...To develop an HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of nine inulin-type fructo-oligosaccharides in inulin,the HPLC-ELSD system consisted of Waters XBridge■ Amide column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)with a gradient elution mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min at 30°C.The detector was an Agilent Technologies 380-ELSD.The drift tube temperature for the ELSD was set at 55°C with a nitrogen flow rate of 1.8 L/min.The injection volume was 15μL.The results showed that the detection range for the nine inulin-type fructo-oligosaccharides was 3.81–30.60μg R^(2)=0.99969 for kestose,3.73–29.97μg R^(2)=0.99981 for nystose,3.82–30.69μg R^(2)=0.99993 for fructosylnystose,3.80–30.48μg R^(2)=0.99995 for GF5,3.73–29.96μg R^(2)=0.99993 for GF6,3.78–30.30μg R^(2)=0.99983 for GF7,3.82–30μg R^(2)=0.99989 for GF8,3.71–29.80μg R^(2)=0.99974 for GF9,3.61–29.00μg R^(2)=0.99970 for GF10,respectively.The recovery of the nine oligosaccharides ranged between 96.48%–100.84%(n=6).The method was simple,accurate,and reproducible that it could be used as an analytical method for evaluating the quality of inulin effectively.展开更多
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers are industrial crop considered as a promising source forinulin production. “Green” method was performed for accelerated inulin extraction from Helianthus tuberosu...Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers are industrial crop considered as a promising source forinulin production. “Green” method was performed for accelerated inulin extraction from Helianthus tuberosus L.tubers by the application of microwave irradiation. Further pretreatment of the water extract with acetone andethanol yielded inulin (20%) with purity 89% and degree of polymerization 18. Jerusalem artichoke inulin wascharacterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. For the first time eco-friendly synthesis of acetylated Jerusalemartichoke inulin was performed by the reaction with acetic anhydride, without toxic solvent, but only withsodium acetate as catalyst under microwave irradiation for 60 s. The degree of acetylation (DA=2.1) and thestructure of inulin esters were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR. The suggested microwave acetylation shortenssignificantly the esterification reaction.展开更多
Inulin is a prebiotic dietary fiber that plays an integral role in producing functional dairy products with improved health benefits. Therefore, the objectives of this study are as follows: extract and purify inulin f...Inulin is a prebiotic dietary fiber that plays an integral role in producing functional dairy products with improved health benefits. Therefore, the objectives of this study are as follows: extract and purify inulin from chicory roots and globe artichoke roots;evaluate the physicochemical, functional properties and functional groups of the purified inulin;determine the functional properties of chicory roots inulin-maltodextrin and globe artichoke roots inulin-maltodextrin and compare it with that of the commercial inulin;examine the impact of various inulin on physiochemical, microstructural, textural, sensory characteristics and as prebiotic dietary fiber on probiotic bacteria’s viability of stirred bio-yogurt. The characteristics of the microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy to detect the functional group. The resulting inulin exhibited a high yield and purity along with enhanced functional properties. Stirred bio-yogurt fortified with chicory roots inulin or globe artichoke roots inulin showed enhanced physicochemical, microstructural, microbiological, and overall sensorial acceptability followed by chicory roots inulin-maltodextrin or globe artichoke roots inulin-maltodextrin and the commercial inulin as compared to the control. Stirred bio-yogurt samples can offer various health benefits and wide applications as supplement of prebiotic dietary fiber in dairy industry.展开更多
In this study, the effects of different amounts of inulin and oat fiber addition on the properties of apricot probiotic drinking yoghurt (APDY) were investigated. Seven different APDY was produced. Six of them were pr...In this study, the effects of different amounts of inulin and oat fiber addition on the properties of apricot probiotic drinking yoghurt (APDY) were investigated. Seven different APDY was produced. Six of them were produced by the addition of 0.5%, 1% and 2% inulin (B, C, D) and oat fiber (E, F, G) and one of them was produced as control sample. Pasteurized apricot pureed and sugar (10%) was added to fermented milk beverage. APDYs were analysed 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after production. Addition of fiber to APDYs had significantly affected on the pH, titratable acidity, water holding capacity, S. thermophilus, L. acidophilus Bifidobacterium BB-12 counts, and sensorial properties of the samples (p L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium BB-12 counts increase by the addition of fiber into samples.展开更多
Background High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)but may affect growth and health.Inulin,a prebiotic,could have nutritional and metabolic effects,along with anti-inflammator...Background High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)but may affect growth and health.Inulin,a prebiotic,could have nutritional and metabolic effects,along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts,improving growth and welfare.We tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100%plant-based diet,which is a viable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture feeds.In a two-factor design,we examined the impact of inulin(2%)as well as the variation in the carbohydrates(CHO)/plant protein ratio on rainbow trout.We assessed the influence of these factors on zootechnical parameters,plasma metabolites,gut microbiota,production of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,as well as the expression of free-fatty acid receptor genes in the mid-intestine,intermediary liver metabolism,and immune markers in a 12-week feeding trial.Results The use of 2%inulin did not significantly change the fish intestinal microbiota,but interestingly,the high CHO/protein ratio group showed a change in intestinal microbiota and in particular the beta diversity,with 21 bacterial genera affected,including Ralstonia,Bacillus,and 11 lactic-acid producing bacteria.There were higher levels of butyric,and valeric acid in groups fed with high CHO/protein diet but not with inulin.The high CHO/protein group showed a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(il1b,il8,and tnfa)in liver and a lower expression of the genes coding for tight-junction proteins in mid-intestine(tjp1a and tjp3).However,the 2%inulin did not modify the expression of plasma immune markers.Finally,inulin induced a negative effect on rainbow trout growth performance irrespective of the dietary carbohydrates.Conclusions With a 100%plant-based diet,inclusion of high levels of carbohydrates could be a promising way for fish nutrition in aquaculture through a protein sparing effect whereas the supplementation of 2%inulin does not appear to improve the use of CHO when combined with a 100%plant-based diet.展开更多
The addition of prebiotic in food today is mostly done. It is based on the ability of prebiotic to support the growth of probiotic. Inulin is a carbohydrate that serves as an effective prebiotic that cannot be digeste...The addition of prebiotic in food today is mostly done. It is based on the ability of prebiotic to support the growth of probiotic. Inulin is a carbohydrate that serves as an effective prebiotic that cannot be digested by digestive enzymes. The purpose of this research is to assess utilization of inulin from several types of tubers include dahlia tubers, yam tu- bers, and gembili tubers as a source of prebiotic that tested in probiotic bacteria (L. casei and L. plantarum). The study used a Randomized Block Design method with two factors, the type of probiotic isolate and inulin extract from tubers. The result shows that the best treatment is isolates of L. casei obtained in the fermentation medium with the addition of inulin from gembili tubers. The best treatment has the following characteristics: an increase in total LAB 2.71 × 1010 cfu/ml, 1.50% total acid, pH 2.05 and the total sugars are 3.11%. Whereas in isolates of L. plantarum, the best treatment in the fermentation medium is with the addition of inulin from dahlia tubers. The LAB reaches 2.80 × 1010 cfu/ml, 1.29% total acid, pH 2.24 and 2.05% total sugars.展开更多
Microwave-assisted irradiation was performed for esterification of chicory inulin with high degree of polymerization with acetic anhydride without a solvent only with a catalyst.The resulting esters were characterized...Microwave-assisted irradiation was performed for esterification of chicory inulin with high degree of polymerization with acetic anhydride without a solvent only with a catalyst.The resulting esters were characterized by melting point,hydrophilic-lipophilic balance,thin-layer chromatography,ultraviolet spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy.Inulin acetate demonstrated a high degree of acetylation(2.5-3.0)and presented a white,water-insoluble substance with bitter taste.The FTIR and NMR spectra confirmed esterification and demonstrated the incorporation of hydrophobic residue to the water soluble inulin backbone.Swelling capacity,water holding,oil-holding capacities,the foamability,foam stability and emulsifying properties were also evaluated.Inulin acetate showed promising foam stability 52%for 60 min and formed stable emulsions at concentration 0.2 g/L with 50 and 80%oil phases.Its water holding capacity was lower than the oil holding capacity.In addition to this,for the first time,the antimicrobial potential of inulin acetate was tested against seventeen microorganisms(Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,yeasts and fungi).Inulin acetate(10 mg/ml)inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus,Escherichia coli ATCC 8739,Salmonella abony,Candida albicans and Penicillium sp.However,inulin acetate demonstrated antimicrobial activity at concentration 1 mg/ml against Listeria monocytogenes 863,Escherichia coli 3398,Candida albicans 8673,Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger.The current study demonstrated the applications of“green”synthesized inulin acetate as a foaming agent,oil-in-water emulsion stabilizer and antimicrobial substance in pharmaceutical,agricultural and cosmetic preparations.展开更多
The paper presents the findings of an experimental study on the microwave synthesis (MW) of inulin acetateand its possible application as bio-additive in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The obtained inulin acetate has bee...The paper presents the findings of an experimental study on the microwave synthesis (MW) of inulin acetateand its possible application as bio-additive in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The obtained inulin acetate has beenidentified and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Advantages of the MW compared with the conventionalsynthesis were defined. In order to evaluate possible application of the product as bio-based additive forpolymers, effect of the inulin ester on PVC behavior and characteristics has been investigated by differentialscanning calorimetry (DSC) and deformation upon extension. Experimental results show that in concentrationrange up to 30.0 wt. % the inulin ester influences positively the properties of PVC causing effect similar toplasticizing one. At concentration over 30 wt.% the ester shows more specific behavior, which will be furtherinvestigated. Conclusions about potential application of MW synthesized inulin acetate as bio-based additive forPVC have been drawn.展开更多
Sugar replacement, and/or reduction, in cereal products is important in relation to consumer appeal for nutritionally balanced, calorie reduced, products. However, when using sugar replacers, product structure can be ...Sugar replacement, and/or reduction, in cereal products is important in relation to consumer appeal for nutritionally balanced, calorie reduced, products. However, when using sugar replacers, product structure can be negatively altered. The effect on air cell development and microstructure with the use of Stevianna, or inulin, as sugar replacer was evaluated using muffins as a model food. The total replacement of sugar using Stevianna or inulin resulted in the development of non-uniform air cells leading to poor muffin microstructure. However, formulations involving partial sugar replacers gave similar air cell characteristics and hence microstructural characteristics, to that of the control sample. The results indicated that sugar is an important factor for the development of muffin microstructure and is difficult to replace completely.展开更多
In recent years, the processing and consumption of functional foods worldwide have greatly increased. These foods benefit the body functions which improve consumers’ health and also reduce the risk factors that cause...In recent years, the processing and consumption of functional foods worldwide have greatly increased. These foods benefit the body functions which improve consumers’ health and also reduce the risk factors that cause the onset of disease. Furthermore, prebiotic substances favor the multiplication of beneficial intestinal bacteria rather than harmful ones. The purpose of this study was to conduct the sensory evaluation of two functional cheeses containing inulin and oligofructose as a distinctive ingredient, including testing a cheese made with conventional ingredients, called control cheese. Affective type tests, which measured the degree of liking or disliking, were conducted using a verbal 7-point hedonic scale. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 57 untrained judges were selected. This study is a quantitative, analytic and experimental-cross design. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by ANOVA with repeated measures. The results show a similar average degree of liking for the three cheeses, above 5 on the scale or “like”. By analyzing the critical level and the result of the Mauchly’s sphericity test, it is concluded that there is no statistically significant difference in the degree of liking for the three cheeses. Therefore, the addition of prebiotics to artisanal cheeses achieves to satisfy consumers and provide them benefits superior to those provided by traditional foods.展开更多
Maternal inulin intake has been shown to alleviate oxidative stress in piglets,but the role of bile acids(BAs)in this process remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate the roles of gut microbiota and BAs metabol...Maternal inulin intake has been shown to alleviate oxidative stress in piglets,but the role of bile acids(BAs)in this process remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate the roles of gut microbiota and BAs metabolism in the amelioration of intestinal oxidative stress in piglets through a maternal inulin diet.A total of 40 sows were allocated into two dietary treatments from day 85 of gestation until the end of lactation:CON(control diet)and INU(diet with 2%wheat bran replaced by inulin).An oxidative model was further established on the intestinal porcine epithelial cell-jejunum 2 cell line(IPEC-J2)to examine the effect of bacterial BAs on intestinal oxidative stress.Results showed that the maternal inulin diet promoted the average daily gain of piglets during suckling and reduced diarrhea rate during weaning(P=0.026 and P=0.005,respectively).Piglets from the INU group had lower serum levels of reactive oxygen species(P=0.021),malondialdehyde(P=0.045),along with higher serum levels of glutathione peroxidase(P=0.027),catalase(P=0.043),and total superoxide dismutase(P=0.097).Compared to the CON group,maternal inulin intake increased fecal ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)by 10.84%,hyodeoxycholic acid(HDCA)by 250.64%(P=0.026),and lithocholic acid(LCA)by 16.41%(P=0.048)in piglets.Moreover,the fecal abundance of Ruminococcus and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group increased by 167.08%and 75.47%in INU piglets(P=0.046 and P=0.037,respectively).Furthermore,the in vitro study using IPEC-J2 cells demonstrated that UDCA,LCA,and HDCA attenuated intestinal oxidative stress by mediating kelch-1ike ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling.In conclusion,our results suggested that maternal dietary inulin intake during late gestation and lactation alleviates intestinal oxidative stress of piglets by regulating gut microbiota and BA metabolism.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of inulin on rumen fermentation parameters,ruminal microbiome and metabolites,as well as lactation performance and serum indexes in dairy cows.Sixteen Holstein dairy cows with simil...This study investigated the effects of inulin on rumen fermentation parameters,ruminal microbiome and metabolites,as well as lactation performance and serum indexes in dairy cows.Sixteen Holstein dairy cows with similar body conditions were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=8 per group),with inulin addition at 0 and 200 g/d percow.The experiment lasted for 6 weeks,including a 1-week adaptation period and a 5-week treatment period.At the end of the experimental period,the milk,serum and rumen fluid were sampled and analyzed.The microbiome and metabolome in the rumen fluid were analyzed via 16 S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics,respectively.The results showed that supplementation with inulin(200 g/d per cow)increased the milk yield(P=0.001),milk protein(P=0.032),lacto se rate(P=0.004)and proportion of saturated fatty acids(SFA)in milk(P<0.001),but decreased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids(USFA)(P=0.041).Rumen pH(P=0.040)and the concentration of NH3-N(P=0.024)were decreased;however,acetate(P<0.001),propionate(P=0.003),butyrate(P<0.001)and lactic acid(LA)(P=0.043)were increased.The total cholesterol(TC)(P=0.008)and triglycerides(TG)(P=0.01)in serum were also reduced.Additionally,inulin addition elevated the relative abundance of several beneficial symbiotic and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria,such as Muribaculaceae(false discovery rate[FDR]-adjusted P<0.01),Acetitomaculum(FDR-adjusted P=0.043),and Bu tyrivibrio(FDR-adjusted P=0.036),while elevating the levels of L-lysine(FDR-adjusted P=4.24×10^(-3)),L-proline(FDR-adjusted P=0.0158),and L-phenylalanine(FDRadj usted P=0.027).In contrast,several pathogens and ruminal bacteria abu ndant in high-fat diets,such as Escherichia-Sh igella(FD R-adj usted P=0.022),Erysipelo trichaceaeUCG-004(FD R-adjusted P<0.01)and RF39(FDR-adjusted P=0.042)were decreased along with the reduction of lysophosphatidylcholine(LysoPC)(18:1(9 Z))(FDR-adjusted P=1.03×10^(-3)),LysoPC(16:0)(FDR-adjusted P=0.0108),LysoPC(18:2(9 Z,12 Z))(FDRadjusted P=1.65×10^(-3))and 8-methylnonenoate.In conclusion,dietary inulin supplementation could increase the relative abundance of commensal microbiota and SCFA-producing bacteria,upregulate amino acidmetabolism and downregulate lipid metabolism in the rumen of dairy cows,which might further improve lactation performance and the level of serum lipids.展开更多
A three-stage homogenate extraction was used as a new method for inulin extraction from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. Compared with the results from conventional hot water extraction, the three-stage homogenate extracti...A three-stage homogenate extraction was used as a new method for inulin extraction from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. Compared with the results from conventional hot water extraction, the three-stage homogenate extraction gave higher yields and caused less degradation of the inulin. The inulin crude extract was then clarified by a carbonate-precipitation method, during which three variables -- the quicklime mass, the reaction temperature and the reaction time were optimized for the main liming process to give the best clarification effect. A Plackett- Burman design, the path of steepest ascent method, a Box- Behnken design and response surface methodology （RSM） were employed in the experimental design. The optimal conditions for the main liming process were determined to be 12.0g/L, 71.4℃ and 8min. The confirmatory tests proved that the best clarification efficiency （92.74%） was achieved at these conditions and this was approximately equal to the value predicted by the model.展开更多
Inulin can regulate the intestinal micro-ecological balance,but there are few studies on the changes of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in vitro and vivo,SCFAs and amino acids in particular.In this study,the...Inulin can regulate the intestinal micro-ecological balance,but there are few studies on the changes of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in vitro and vivo,SCFAs and amino acids in particular.In this study,the human fecal microbiota glycolysis model and a mouse model were used to study the mechanism of inulin on intestinal microecology.Combined with metabolism of microbiome and metabolome,the cross-synergism mechanism of inulin-micribiota-metabolites-metabolism was investigated.The results revealed that after inulin was fermented by human intestinal microbiota,the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,Prevotella,Catenibacterium,and Agathobacter increased.In vivo,the concentration of SCFAs increased after inulin was fermented,and the abundance of Parabacteroides,Muribaculaceae and Alloprevotella increased.Both in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that inulin can regulate the expression of 5 genes involved in Valine,leucine and isoleucine degradation.In addition,the metabolome results confirmed that Valine,leucine and isoleucine degradation,Tyrosine metabolism,and Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies are regulatory pathways of inulin.More importantly,Ltryptophan,tyrosine,Lfucose,Lornithine,Dfructose,Derythrose,and pyruvic acid are hallmark metabolites of inulin metabolized by gut microbiota.The cross-synergism network greatly indicated the microbiota(Streptococcus,Lactobacillus,Muribaculaceae),metabolites(L-tryptophan,pyruvic acid),and metabolism(Lysine degradation,Tryptophan metabolism,Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies)may be the key factors involved in the mechanisms regulating the in vitro and vivo effects of inulin.展开更多
Alternatives to antibiotics for preventing bacteria-induced inflammation in early-weaned farm animals are sorely needed. Our previous study showed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L47 and inulin could alleviate dext...Alternatives to antibiotics for preventing bacteria-induced inflammation in early-weaned farm animals are sorely needed. Our previous study showed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L47 and inulin could alleviate dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice. To explore the protective effects of L. plantarum L47 and inulin on the ileal inflammatory response in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC), 28 weaned piglets were assigned into four groups, namely, CON group—orally given 10 mL/d phosphate buffer saline(PBS), LI47 group—orally given a mixture of 10 m L/d L. plantarum L47 and inulin, ECON group—orally given 10 mL/d PBS and challenged by ETEC, and ELI47group—orally given 10 mL/d L. plantarum L47 and inulin mixture and challenged by ETEC. The results demonstrated that the combination of L. plantarum L47 and inulin reduced inflammatory responses and relieved the inflammatory damage caused by ETEC, including ileal morphological damage, reduced protein expression of ileal tight junction, decreased antioxidant capacity, and decreased antiinflammatory factors. Transcriptome analysis revealed that L. plantarum L47 and inulin up-regulated the gene expression of phospholipase A2 group IIA(PLA2G2A)(P < 0.05) as well as affected alphalinolenic acid(ALA) metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism. Moreover, L. plantarum L47 and inulin increased the levels of ALA(P < 0.05), lipoteichoic acid(LTA)(P < 0.05), and 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid(12,13-EpOME)(P < 0.05) and the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)(P = 0.05) in the ileal mucosa. In conclusion, L. plantarum L47 and inulin together alleviated ETEC-induced ileal inflammation in piglets by up-regulating the levels of ALA and 12,13-EpOME via the LTA/TLR2/PLA2G2A pathway.展开更多
Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus)is a global multifunctional crop.It has wide applications in the food,health,feed,and biofuel industries and in ecological protection;it also serves as a germplasm pool for bre...Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus)is a global multifunctional crop.It has wide applications in the food,health,feed,and biofuel industries and in ecological protection;it also serves as a germplasm pool for breeding of the global oil crop common sunflower(Helianthus annuus).However,biological studies of Je-rusalem artichoke have been hindered by a lack of genome sequences,and its high polyploidy and large genome size have posed challenges to genome assembly.Here,we report a 21-Gb chromosome-level as-sembly of the hexaploid Jerusalem artichoke genome,which comprises 17 homologous groups,each with 6 pseudochromosomes.We found multiple large-scale chromosome rearrangements between Jerusalem artichoke and common sunflower,and our results show that the hexaploid genome of Jerusalem artichoke was formed by a hybridization event between a tetraploid and a diploid Helianthus species,followed by chromosome doubling of the hybrid,which occurred approximately 2 million years ago.Moreover,we iden-tied more copies of actively expressed genes involved in inulin metabolism and showed that these genes may still be undergoing loss of function or sub-or neofunctionalization.These genomic resources will pro-mote further biological studies,breeding improvement,and industrial utilization of Helianthus crops.展开更多
This study is to explore the effects of low-performance inulin(SI,DP<10)and high-performance inulin(HI,DP>10)on myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD)and its underlying mechanism.Six ...This study is to explore the effects of low-performance inulin(SI,DP<10)and high-performance inulin(HI,DP>10)on myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD)and its underlying mechanism.Six weeks of supplementation of type 2 diabetic mice with HI significantly improved blood glucose,insulin,and triglyceride levels in comparison with SI(p<0.05).HI had more advantageous effects in ameliorating myocardial injury by suppressing TNF-α,IL-1β,and CK-MB and promoting SDF-1βthan SI.Compared to SI,HI more significantly reduced the abundance of Firmicutes from 60.5%to 36.3%in type 2 diabetic mice fed a HFD and increased the abundance of Muribaculum,Blautia and Ruminococcaceae UCG-011 at the genus level(p<0.05).Metabolomics revealed that both SI and HI supplementation regulated tryptophan metabolism,bile acid metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,and arachidonic acid metabolism,whereas HI supplementation increased prostaglandin h2 compared to SI.In summary,HI exhibited superior positive regulation of myocardial injury and gut microbiota dysfunction compared to SI.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32102554)Sichuan Province “145” Breeding Tackle Project (2021YFYZ0008)China Agriculture Research System (CARS-35).
文摘Background Embryo implantation in early gestation is crucial for reproductive success,while dietary fiber plays a key role in regulating sow fertility.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study explores the influence of dietary inulin on embryonic implantation using a sow model.Sows were fed a diet supplemented with 11 g/kg of inulin during early gestation and were slaughtered on gestation day 19(G19).Uterine fluid exosomes(UFEs)and endometrial tissues were collected for high-throughput sequencing and for analysis of the expression of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins,respectively.Furthermore,UFEs obtained from slaughtered sows were injected into G19 sows to investigate the effects on reproduction and angiogenesis.Results The results showed that inulin significantly increased the number of blood vessels in the endometrium and expression of the angiogenesis-related proteins MMP2 and ANGPT1 in G19 sows(P<0.05).Bioinformatics analysis revealed that inulin significantly downregulated miRNAs associated with angiogenesis inhibition in UFEs,while upregulating miRNAs related to trophoblast physiological activities and regulation of the uterine fluid microenvironment(P<0.05).Furthermore,intravenous injection of G19 sows with UFEs from sows fed a diet containing inulin had significantly promoted vascular formation in the endometrium and embryos,and increased the number of live embryos on gestation day 28(G28)(P<0.05).Additionally,the mRNA expression levels of MMP2,ANGPT1,and VEGF in the placentas of sows were significantly elevated on G28 and at farrowing in the UFEs injection group(P<0.05).Conclusion Dietary supplementation with inulin during early gestation in sows promoted embryo implantation by regulating angiogenesis at the maternal–fetal interface through the modulation of miRNA expression in UFEs.These findings provide a theoretical reference for the application of dietary fiber in sow nutrition.
文摘Objective:To explore the application method and clinical effect of inulin in the treatment of constipation for patients in the ICU.Methods:Sixty ICU patients with constipation were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group,with 30 patients in each group.The control group received nasal feeding with a regular diet.The experimental group received nasal feeding with a regular diet plus inulin.The defecation status of the patients was observed and compared on the 3rd,5th,and 7th days.Results:Among the 30 patients in the experimental group and 30 patients in the control group,there was a statistically significant difference in treatment effect between the two groups(P<0.05).The treatment duration was(3.91±1.09)days in the experimental group and(5.78±1.52)days in the control group.Conclusion:Inulin has a significant effect in the treatment of constipation for critically ill patients in the ICU and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001679)the Science and Technology Research of Shaanxi Province(2021QFY07-03)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103098)supported by the Scientific and Technological Achievements Commercialization Program of Shaanxi(2023-YD-CGZH-13)。
文摘High-fat diet(HFD)promotes the imbalance of gut microbiota,contributing to the development of metabolic disorders.Pomegranate juice(PJ)and inulin,as dietary polyphenol and dietary fiber respectively,have been reported to ameliorate diet-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorders.However,the combined effect of PJ and inulin on HFD-induced metabolic disorders has not been elucidated.In current study,we found that the combination of PJ and inulin prevent HFD-induced obesity,dyslipidemia,and gut microbiota dysbiosis.Moreover,the fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)produced by inulin were increased after inulin combined with PJ.The levels of pomegranate polyphenol metabolites produced by PJ were also increased after PJ combined with inulin,especially pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the presence of inulin enhance the absorption level of urolithin A.Fecal metabolomic analysis found that PJ combined with inulin alter the metabolic status compared with PJ.It was also showed that the levels of SCFAs and pomegranate polyphenol metabolites among groups were correlated with gut microbiota and metabolic disorders indicators.Our results suggested that PJ combined with inulin prevent HFD-induced metabolic disorders,which may be attributed to the promotion of mutual metabolic transformation and absorption of PJ and inulin by gut microbiota.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21977005)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.7192101)。
文摘To develop an HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of nine inulin-type fructo-oligosaccharides in inulin,the HPLC-ELSD system consisted of Waters XBridge■ Amide column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)with a gradient elution mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min at 30°C.The detector was an Agilent Technologies 380-ELSD.The drift tube temperature for the ELSD was set at 55°C with a nitrogen flow rate of 1.8 L/min.The injection volume was 15μL.The results showed that the detection range for the nine inulin-type fructo-oligosaccharides was 3.81–30.60μg R^(2)=0.99969 for kestose,3.73–29.97μg R^(2)=0.99981 for nystose,3.82–30.69μg R^(2)=0.99993 for fructosylnystose,3.80–30.48μg R^(2)=0.99995 for GF5,3.73–29.96μg R^(2)=0.99993 for GF6,3.78–30.30μg R^(2)=0.99983 for GF7,3.82–30μg R^(2)=0.99989 for GF8,3.71–29.80μg R^(2)=0.99974 for GF9,3.61–29.00μg R^(2)=0.99970 for GF10,respectively.The recovery of the nine oligosaccharides ranged between 96.48%–100.84%(n=6).The method was simple,accurate,and reproducible that it could be used as an analytical method for evaluating the quality of inulin effectively.
文摘Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers are industrial crop considered as a promising source forinulin production. “Green” method was performed for accelerated inulin extraction from Helianthus tuberosus L.tubers by the application of microwave irradiation. Further pretreatment of the water extract with acetone andethanol yielded inulin (20%) with purity 89% and degree of polymerization 18. Jerusalem artichoke inulin wascharacterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. For the first time eco-friendly synthesis of acetylated Jerusalemartichoke inulin was performed by the reaction with acetic anhydride, without toxic solvent, but only withsodium acetate as catalyst under microwave irradiation for 60 s. The degree of acetylation (DA=2.1) and thestructure of inulin esters were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR. The suggested microwave acetylation shortenssignificantly the esterification reaction.
文摘Inulin is a prebiotic dietary fiber that plays an integral role in producing functional dairy products with improved health benefits. Therefore, the objectives of this study are as follows: extract and purify inulin from chicory roots and globe artichoke roots;evaluate the physicochemical, functional properties and functional groups of the purified inulin;determine the functional properties of chicory roots inulin-maltodextrin and globe artichoke roots inulin-maltodextrin and compare it with that of the commercial inulin;examine the impact of various inulin on physiochemical, microstructural, textural, sensory characteristics and as prebiotic dietary fiber on probiotic bacteria’s viability of stirred bio-yogurt. The characteristics of the microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy to detect the functional group. The resulting inulin exhibited a high yield and purity along with enhanced functional properties. Stirred bio-yogurt fortified with chicory roots inulin or globe artichoke roots inulin showed enhanced physicochemical, microstructural, microbiological, and overall sensorial acceptability followed by chicory roots inulin-maltodextrin or globe artichoke roots inulin-maltodextrin and the commercial inulin as compared to the control. Stirred bio-yogurt samples can offer various health benefits and wide applications as supplement of prebiotic dietary fiber in dairy industry.
文摘In this study, the effects of different amounts of inulin and oat fiber addition on the properties of apricot probiotic drinking yoghurt (APDY) were investigated. Seven different APDY was produced. Six of them were produced by the addition of 0.5%, 1% and 2% inulin (B, C, D) and oat fiber (E, F, G) and one of them was produced as control sample. Pasteurized apricot pureed and sugar (10%) was added to fermented milk beverage. APDYs were analysed 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after production. Addition of fiber to APDYs had significantly affected on the pH, titratable acidity, water holding capacity, S. thermophilus, L. acidophilus Bifidobacterium BB-12 counts, and sensorial properties of the samples (p L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium BB-12 counts increase by the addition of fiber into samples.
基金funded by the CD40 (Departmental Council of the Landes)the “Universitéde Pau et Pays de l’Adour “(UPPA)
文摘Background High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)but may affect growth and health.Inulin,a prebiotic,could have nutritional and metabolic effects,along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts,improving growth and welfare.We tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100%plant-based diet,which is a viable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture feeds.In a two-factor design,we examined the impact of inulin(2%)as well as the variation in the carbohydrates(CHO)/plant protein ratio on rainbow trout.We assessed the influence of these factors on zootechnical parameters,plasma metabolites,gut microbiota,production of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,as well as the expression of free-fatty acid receptor genes in the mid-intestine,intermediary liver metabolism,and immune markers in a 12-week feeding trial.Results The use of 2%inulin did not significantly change the fish intestinal microbiota,but interestingly,the high CHO/protein ratio group showed a change in intestinal microbiota and in particular the beta diversity,with 21 bacterial genera affected,including Ralstonia,Bacillus,and 11 lactic-acid producing bacteria.There were higher levels of butyric,and valeric acid in groups fed with high CHO/protein diet but not with inulin.The high CHO/protein group showed a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(il1b,il8,and tnfa)in liver and a lower expression of the genes coding for tight-junction proteins in mid-intestine(tjp1a and tjp3).However,the 2%inulin did not modify the expression of plasma immune markers.Finally,inulin induced a negative effect on rainbow trout growth performance irrespective of the dietary carbohydrates.Conclusions With a 100%plant-based diet,inclusion of high levels of carbohydrates could be a promising way for fish nutrition in aquaculture through a protein sparing effect whereas the supplementation of 2%inulin does not appear to improve the use of CHO when combined with a 100%plant-based diet.
文摘The addition of prebiotic in food today is mostly done. It is based on the ability of prebiotic to support the growth of probiotic. Inulin is a carbohydrate that serves as an effective prebiotic that cannot be digested by digestive enzymes. The purpose of this research is to assess utilization of inulin from several types of tubers include dahlia tubers, yam tu- bers, and gembili tubers as a source of prebiotic that tested in probiotic bacteria (L. casei and L. plantarum). The study used a Randomized Block Design method with two factors, the type of probiotic isolate and inulin extract from tubers. The result shows that the best treatment is isolates of L. casei obtained in the fermentation medium with the addition of inulin from gembili tubers. The best treatment has the following characteristics: an increase in total LAB 2.71 × 1010 cfu/ml, 1.50% total acid, pH 2.05 and the total sugars are 3.11%. Whereas in isolates of L. plantarum, the best treatment in the fermentation medium is with the addition of inulin from dahlia tubers. The LAB reaches 2.80 × 1010 cfu/ml, 1.29% total acid, pH 2.24 and 2.05% total sugars.
基金financially supported by Fund Science Contract No 1805С,Technical University of Gabrovo,Gabrovo,Bulgaria.
文摘Microwave-assisted irradiation was performed for esterification of chicory inulin with high degree of polymerization with acetic anhydride without a solvent only with a catalyst.The resulting esters were characterized by melting point,hydrophilic-lipophilic balance,thin-layer chromatography,ultraviolet spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy.Inulin acetate demonstrated a high degree of acetylation(2.5-3.0)and presented a white,water-insoluble substance with bitter taste.The FTIR and NMR spectra confirmed esterification and demonstrated the incorporation of hydrophobic residue to the water soluble inulin backbone.Swelling capacity,water holding,oil-holding capacities,the foamability,foam stability and emulsifying properties were also evaluated.Inulin acetate showed promising foam stability 52%for 60 min and formed stable emulsions at concentration 0.2 g/L with 50 and 80%oil phases.Its water holding capacity was lower than the oil holding capacity.In addition to this,for the first time,the antimicrobial potential of inulin acetate was tested against seventeen microorganisms(Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,yeasts and fungi).Inulin acetate(10 mg/ml)inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus,Escherichia coli ATCC 8739,Salmonella abony,Candida albicans and Penicillium sp.However,inulin acetate demonstrated antimicrobial activity at concentration 1 mg/ml against Listeria monocytogenes 863,Escherichia coli 3398,Candida albicans 8673,Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger.The current study demonstrated the applications of“green”synthesized inulin acetate as a foaming agent,oil-in-water emulsion stabilizer and antimicrobial substance in pharmaceutical,agricultural and cosmetic preparations.
文摘The paper presents the findings of an experimental study on the microwave synthesis (MW) of inulin acetateand its possible application as bio-additive in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The obtained inulin acetate has beenidentified and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Advantages of the MW compared with the conventionalsynthesis were defined. In order to evaluate possible application of the product as bio-based additive forpolymers, effect of the inulin ester on PVC behavior and characteristics has been investigated by differentialscanning calorimetry (DSC) and deformation upon extension. Experimental results show that in concentrationrange up to 30.0 wt. % the inulin ester influences positively the properties of PVC causing effect similar toplasticizing one. At concentration over 30 wt.% the ester shows more specific behavior, which will be furtherinvestigated. Conclusions about potential application of MW synthesized inulin acetate as bio-based additive forPVC have been drawn.
文摘Sugar replacement, and/or reduction, in cereal products is important in relation to consumer appeal for nutritionally balanced, calorie reduced, products. However, when using sugar replacers, product structure can be negatively altered. The effect on air cell development and microstructure with the use of Stevianna, or inulin, as sugar replacer was evaluated using muffins as a model food. The total replacement of sugar using Stevianna or inulin resulted in the development of non-uniform air cells leading to poor muffin microstructure. However, formulations involving partial sugar replacers gave similar air cell characteristics and hence microstructural characteristics, to that of the control sample. The results indicated that sugar is an important factor for the development of muffin microstructure and is difficult to replace completely.
基金partially supported by the National Ministry of Science and Technology(MINCyT),the Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica(ANPCyT),the National Council of Science and Technology(CONICET),the National University of Litoral(UNL)and the University of Cuenca del Plata(UCP)of Argentina.
文摘In recent years, the processing and consumption of functional foods worldwide have greatly increased. These foods benefit the body functions which improve consumers’ health and also reduce the risk factors that cause the onset of disease. Furthermore, prebiotic substances favor the multiplication of beneficial intestinal bacteria rather than harmful ones. The purpose of this study was to conduct the sensory evaluation of two functional cheeses containing inulin and oligofructose as a distinctive ingredient, including testing a cheese made with conventional ingredients, called control cheese. Affective type tests, which measured the degree of liking or disliking, were conducted using a verbal 7-point hedonic scale. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 57 untrained judges were selected. This study is a quantitative, analytic and experimental-cross design. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by ANOVA with repeated measures. The results show a similar average degree of liking for the three cheeses, above 5 on the scale or “like”. By analyzing the critical level and the result of the Mauchly’s sphericity test, it is concluded that there is no statistically significant difference in the degree of liking for the three cheeses. Therefore, the addition of prebiotics to artisanal cheeses achieves to satisfy consumers and provide them benefits superior to those provided by traditional foods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972596,32330100,and 32125036)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFD1300201 and 2022YFA1304201)China Agricultural Research System(CARS-35),China Scholarship Council(No.201913043).
文摘Maternal inulin intake has been shown to alleviate oxidative stress in piglets,but the role of bile acids(BAs)in this process remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate the roles of gut microbiota and BAs metabolism in the amelioration of intestinal oxidative stress in piglets through a maternal inulin diet.A total of 40 sows were allocated into two dietary treatments from day 85 of gestation until the end of lactation:CON(control diet)and INU(diet with 2%wheat bran replaced by inulin).An oxidative model was further established on the intestinal porcine epithelial cell-jejunum 2 cell line(IPEC-J2)to examine the effect of bacterial BAs on intestinal oxidative stress.Results showed that the maternal inulin diet promoted the average daily gain of piglets during suckling and reduced diarrhea rate during weaning(P=0.026 and P=0.005,respectively).Piglets from the INU group had lower serum levels of reactive oxygen species(P=0.021),malondialdehyde(P=0.045),along with higher serum levels of glutathione peroxidase(P=0.027),catalase(P=0.043),and total superoxide dismutase(P=0.097).Compared to the CON group,maternal inulin intake increased fecal ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)by 10.84%,hyodeoxycholic acid(HDCA)by 250.64%(P=0.026),and lithocholic acid(LCA)by 16.41%(P=0.048)in piglets.Moreover,the fecal abundance of Ruminococcus and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group increased by 167.08%and 75.47%in INU piglets(P=0.046 and P=0.037,respectively).Furthermore,the in vitro study using IPEC-J2 cells demonstrated that UDCA,LCA,and HDCA attenuated intestinal oxidative stress by mediating kelch-1ike ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling.In conclusion,our results suggested that maternal dietary inulin intake during late gestation and lactation alleviates intestinal oxidative stress of piglets by regulating gut microbiota and BA metabolism.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFE0125600)Beijing Dairy Industry Innovation Team(bjcystx-ny-1)。
文摘This study investigated the effects of inulin on rumen fermentation parameters,ruminal microbiome and metabolites,as well as lactation performance and serum indexes in dairy cows.Sixteen Holstein dairy cows with similar body conditions were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=8 per group),with inulin addition at 0 and 200 g/d percow.The experiment lasted for 6 weeks,including a 1-week adaptation period and a 5-week treatment period.At the end of the experimental period,the milk,serum and rumen fluid were sampled and analyzed.The microbiome and metabolome in the rumen fluid were analyzed via 16 S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics,respectively.The results showed that supplementation with inulin(200 g/d per cow)increased the milk yield(P=0.001),milk protein(P=0.032),lacto se rate(P=0.004)and proportion of saturated fatty acids(SFA)in milk(P<0.001),but decreased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids(USFA)(P=0.041).Rumen pH(P=0.040)and the concentration of NH3-N(P=0.024)were decreased;however,acetate(P<0.001),propionate(P=0.003),butyrate(P<0.001)and lactic acid(LA)(P=0.043)were increased.The total cholesterol(TC)(P=0.008)and triglycerides(TG)(P=0.01)in serum were also reduced.Additionally,inulin addition elevated the relative abundance of several beneficial symbiotic and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria,such as Muribaculaceae(false discovery rate[FDR]-adjusted P<0.01),Acetitomaculum(FDR-adjusted P=0.043),and Bu tyrivibrio(FDR-adjusted P=0.036),while elevating the levels of L-lysine(FDR-adjusted P=4.24×10^(-3)),L-proline(FDR-adjusted P=0.0158),and L-phenylalanine(FDRadj usted P=0.027).In contrast,several pathogens and ruminal bacteria abu ndant in high-fat diets,such as Escherichia-Sh igella(FD R-adj usted P=0.022),Erysipelo trichaceaeUCG-004(FD R-adjusted P<0.01)and RF39(FDR-adjusted P=0.042)were decreased along with the reduction of lysophosphatidylcholine(LysoPC)(18:1(9 Z))(FDR-adjusted P=1.03×10^(-3)),LysoPC(16:0)(FDR-adjusted P=0.0108),LysoPC(18:2(9 Z,12 Z))(FDRadjusted P=1.65×10^(-3))and 8-methylnonenoate.In conclusion,dietary inulin supplementation could increase the relative abundance of commensal microbiota and SCFA-producing bacteria,upregulate amino acidmetabolism and downregulate lipid metabolism in the rumen of dairy cows,which might further improve lactation performance and the level of serum lipids.
文摘A three-stage homogenate extraction was used as a new method for inulin extraction from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. Compared with the results from conventional hot water extraction, the three-stage homogenate extraction gave higher yields and caused less degradation of the inulin. The inulin crude extract was then clarified by a carbonate-precipitation method, during which three variables -- the quicklime mass, the reaction temperature and the reaction time were optimized for the main liming process to give the best clarification effect. A Plackett- Burman design, the path of steepest ascent method, a Box- Behnken design and response surface methodology （RSM） were employed in the experimental design. The optimal conditions for the main liming process were determined to be 12.0g/L, 71.4℃ and 8min. The confirmatory tests proved that the best clarification efficiency （92.74%） was achieved at these conditions and this was approximately equal to the value predicted by the model.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2020YFC1606800).
文摘Inulin can regulate the intestinal micro-ecological balance,but there are few studies on the changes of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in vitro and vivo,SCFAs and amino acids in particular.In this study,the human fecal microbiota glycolysis model and a mouse model were used to study the mechanism of inulin on intestinal microecology.Combined with metabolism of microbiome and metabolome,the cross-synergism mechanism of inulin-micribiota-metabolites-metabolism was investigated.The results revealed that after inulin was fermented by human intestinal microbiota,the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,Prevotella,Catenibacterium,and Agathobacter increased.In vivo,the concentration of SCFAs increased after inulin was fermented,and the abundance of Parabacteroides,Muribaculaceae and Alloprevotella increased.Both in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that inulin can regulate the expression of 5 genes involved in Valine,leucine and isoleucine degradation.In addition,the metabolome results confirmed that Valine,leucine and isoleucine degradation,Tyrosine metabolism,and Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies are regulatory pathways of inulin.More importantly,Ltryptophan,tyrosine,Lfucose,Lornithine,Dfructose,Derythrose,and pyruvic acid are hallmark metabolites of inulin metabolized by gut microbiota.The cross-synergism network greatly indicated the microbiota(Streptococcus,Lactobacillus,Muribaculaceae),metabolites(L-tryptophan,pyruvic acid),and metabolism(Lysine degradation,Tryptophan metabolism,Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies)may be the key factors involved in the mechanisms regulating the in vitro and vivo effects of inulin.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1300301-5)。
文摘Alternatives to antibiotics for preventing bacteria-induced inflammation in early-weaned farm animals are sorely needed. Our previous study showed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L47 and inulin could alleviate dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice. To explore the protective effects of L. plantarum L47 and inulin on the ileal inflammatory response in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC), 28 weaned piglets were assigned into four groups, namely, CON group—orally given 10 mL/d phosphate buffer saline(PBS), LI47 group—orally given a mixture of 10 m L/d L. plantarum L47 and inulin, ECON group—orally given 10 mL/d PBS and challenged by ETEC, and ELI47group—orally given 10 mL/d L. plantarum L47 and inulin mixture and challenged by ETEC. The results demonstrated that the combination of L. plantarum L47 and inulin reduced inflammatory responses and relieved the inflammatory damage caused by ETEC, including ileal morphological damage, reduced protein expression of ileal tight junction, decreased antioxidant capacity, and decreased antiinflammatory factors. Transcriptome analysis revealed that L. plantarum L47 and inulin up-regulated the gene expression of phospholipase A2 group IIA(PLA2G2A)(P < 0.05) as well as affected alphalinolenic acid(ALA) metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism. Moreover, L. plantarum L47 and inulin increased the levels of ALA(P < 0.05), lipoteichoic acid(LTA)(P < 0.05), and 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid(12,13-EpOME)(P < 0.05) and the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)(P = 0.05) in the ileal mucosa. In conclusion, L. plantarum L47 and inulin together alleviated ETEC-induced ileal inflammation in piglets by up-regulating the levels of ALA and 12,13-EpOME via the LTA/TLR2/PLA2G2A pathway.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFC2600101)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JCYJ20190814163805604 and KQTD20180411143628272)+1 种基金the Fund of the Key Laboratory of Shenzhen (ZDSYS20141118170111640)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program.
文摘Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus)is a global multifunctional crop.It has wide applications in the food,health,feed,and biofuel industries and in ecological protection;it also serves as a germplasm pool for breeding of the global oil crop common sunflower(Helianthus annuus).However,biological studies of Je-rusalem artichoke have been hindered by a lack of genome sequences,and its high polyploidy and large genome size have posed challenges to genome assembly.Here,we report a 21-Gb chromosome-level as-sembly of the hexaploid Jerusalem artichoke genome,which comprises 17 homologous groups,each with 6 pseudochromosomes.We found multiple large-scale chromosome rearrangements between Jerusalem artichoke and common sunflower,and our results show that the hexaploid genome of Jerusalem artichoke was formed by a hybridization event between a tetraploid and a diploid Helianthus species,followed by chromosome doubling of the hybrid,which occurred approximately 2 million years ago.Moreover,we iden-tied more copies of actively expressed genes involved in inulin metabolism and showed that these genes may still be undergoing loss of function or sub-or neofunctionalization.These genomic resources will pro-mote further biological studies,breeding improvement,and industrial utilization of Helianthus crops.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program in China(Grant No.2019YFD1002704)Shandong Major Projects of Independent Innovation(2019JZZY010722)+2 种基金Funds for Innovation Team of Jinan(2018GXRC004)Bohai Sea Granary Science and Technology Demonstration Project(2019BHLC002)Special Funds for Taishan Scholars Project are acknowledged.
文摘This study is to explore the effects of low-performance inulin(SI,DP<10)and high-performance inulin(HI,DP>10)on myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD)and its underlying mechanism.Six weeks of supplementation of type 2 diabetic mice with HI significantly improved blood glucose,insulin,and triglyceride levels in comparison with SI(p<0.05).HI had more advantageous effects in ameliorating myocardial injury by suppressing TNF-α,IL-1β,and CK-MB and promoting SDF-1βthan SI.Compared to SI,HI more significantly reduced the abundance of Firmicutes from 60.5%to 36.3%in type 2 diabetic mice fed a HFD and increased the abundance of Muribaculum,Blautia and Ruminococcaceae UCG-011 at the genus level(p<0.05).Metabolomics revealed that both SI and HI supplementation regulated tryptophan metabolism,bile acid metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,and arachidonic acid metabolism,whereas HI supplementation increased prostaglandin h2 compared to SI.In summary,HI exhibited superior positive regulation of myocardial injury and gut microbiota dysfunction compared to SI.
