As access to irrigation water becomes increasingly limited, introgression of relevant genomic regions from drought-tolerant wild genotypes is a promising breeding strategy for crop plants. In this study, nine eggplant...As access to irrigation water becomes increasingly limited, introgression of relevant genomic regions from drought-tolerant wild genotypes is a promising breeding strategy for crop plants. In this study, nine eggplant(Solanum melongena) introgression lines(ILs) covering altogether 71.6% of the genome of the donor wildrelative parent S. incanum were evaluated for drought tolerance under water stress conditions. Plants at the five true leaves stage were irrigated at either 100%(control) or 30%(water stress) field capacity for 14 days, and growth and biochemical traits were measured. Reduced irrigation resulted in decreased growth and increased stress markers such as proline and malondialdehyde. Most ILs had lower growth and biomass production thanthe cultivated parent under both conditions. However, the wild alleles for two genomic regions related to stem and root dry weight conferred improved tolerance to water stress. In addition, several S. incanum alleles had a positive effect on important traits that may improve yield under drought conditions, such as leaf water content water use efficiency, and chlorophyll content. Fine-mapping the genomic regions for tolerance and reducinglinkage drag with regions affecting growth will be crucial for significantly improving eggplant drought tolerance through introgression breeding.展开更多
The main cultivated varietie s in the world belong to the species of upland cotton(Goss ypium hir-sutum L.),and their genetic background is very narrow.However,the wild species and races in the genus of Gossypium have...The main cultivated varietie s in the world belong to the species of upland cotton(Goss ypium hir-sutum L.),and their genetic background is very narrow.However,the wild species and races in the genus of Gossypium have abundant genetic diversity and possess lots of excellent genes with potential high yield,fine and strong fiber,disease and insect resistance,drought and coldness re sistance,male sterility,and so on.The interspecific hybridiza tion for utilizing the beneficial genes from the se wild tetraploid species had been widely carrie dout for 20 yearsin China.展开更多
One hundred and fifty-eight microsatellite markers showing polymorphism among parents were used to survey the introgressed segments in the 50 near-isogenic lines of F_1 pollen sterility. Two hundred and sixty introgre...One hundred and fifty-eight microsatellite markers showing polymorphism among parents were used to survey the introgressed segments in the 50 near-isogenic lines of F_1 pollen sterility. Two hundred and sixty introgressed segments were detected in 50 near-isogenic lines, each carrying 5.2 introgressed segments on an average. Among the 260 segments, one hundred carrying F_1 pollen sterility loci concentrated on the region of F_1 pollen sterility genes, and the remaining one hundred and sixty without F_1 pollen sterility loci distributed randomly over 12 chromosomes. Both the average number and length of the introgressed segments decreased along with the increase of backcross generations. The number of introgressed segments was less than four and the length was less than 20 cM in the near-isogenic lines after backcrossing for four or more times.展开更多
The wild cotton cultivars and species have abundant genetic polymorphisms,and they possess lots of excellent genes,such as drought re sistance,insect resistance,fine and strong fiber,and so on.So cotton breeding exper...The wild cotton cultivars and species have abundant genetic polymorphisms,and they possess lots of excellent genes,such as drought re sistance,insect resistance,fine and strong fiber,and so on.So cotton breeding experts have widely carried out inter specific hybridization and obtained more than 20 type s of a dvanced generation hybrids with good quality and sta ble traits between wild resources and upland cotton.We called these upland cotton lines as introgression line s of interspecific hybridization.But they have not been completely exploited,especially lacked of theoretical research in the past.展开更多
Wild relatives and un-adapted germplasm of crop species harbors several adaptive traits.Introgression of genes for economic and adaptive traits brings in novel genetic variation into the gene
The present study was carried out to illustrate high-efficient detection of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） with selected introgression lines （ILs） and the existence of ＇hidden genes＇ conferring drought tolerance...The present study was carried out to illustrate high-efficient detection of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） with selected introgression lines （ILs） and the existence of ＇hidden genes＇ conferring drought tolerance （DT）. 52 selected DT ILs, derived from BC2Fz population developed by crossing and backcrossing the susceptible recurrent parent （RP） IR64 with the susceptible donor Khazar were planted under irrigation and drought condition. Four important agronomic traits, e.g., grain yield （GY）, heading date （HD）, panicle numbers per plant （PN）, and plant height （PH） were evaluated and 83 SSR polymorphic molecular markers were used for genotypic analysis. Chi-square test based on genetic hitch-hiking and one-way analysis of variances （ANOVA） were used to detect drought-related loci. Nine and 36 loci were detected by chi-square test and one-way ANOVA, respectively. Five common loci were observed by comparing the results of the two methods, among which two QTLs linked with RM7, and RM241 were detected under irrigation condition, both of the favorable alleles were from RP and explained 13% phenotypic variation （PV） for GY and 28% PV for PH, respectively. The other three QTLs linked with RM 163, RM 18, and RM270 were detected under drought condition, the favorable alleles were all from the donor and explained 10, 24, and 19% PV for HD, PH, and PH, respectively. Five common loci were observed by comparing the results of chi-square test and one-way ANOVA including two QTLs （one for GY and one for PH） under irrigation condition and three QTLs （one for HD and two for PH） under drought condition. By combining phenotypic and genotypic analysis, drought escape could be inferred as the main mechanism for drought tolerance in the present study. The results in present study suggested that the selected ILs population analyzed by chi-square test and one-way ANOVA was quite effective for DT QTL detection with low inputs and could also produce useful materials for breeding with wide genetic diversity for drought tolerance.展开更多
Tibetan-Yi Corridor(TYC)is a crucial agro-pastoral region in the eastern Himalayas,linking Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau with the lowlands of East Asia and facilitating human migration for millennia.However,genomic research ...Tibetan-Yi Corridor(TYC)is a crucial agro-pastoral region in the eastern Himalayas,linking Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau with the lowlands of East Asia and facilitating human migration for millennia.However,genomic research on TYC populations remains limited,which limits the understanding of their origins and health.We provide genomic data from 1031 individuals belonging to Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan groups,including 147 whole-genome sequences from 13 underrepresented Tibeto-Burman and Austroasiatic communities.Our analysis reveals approximately 3.3 million new genetic variants and 4 distinct genetic backgrounds within TYC populations.Demographic reconstructions reveal strong genetic connections among TibetoBurman groups,Central Plain Sinitic populations,and Yangshao farmers,supporting a common origin for Sino-Tibetan speakers.We identify signatures of high-altitude adaptations typical of Tibetans and TYCspecific variants linked to pigmentation and hypoxia responses.Differentiation involves mechanisms such as HLA-DQB1,which are related to immune function.Several rare pathogenic variants,like CYP21A2 and PRX,are notably frequent.Variants influencing warfarin sensitivity show significant variation.Archaic human introgression further promotes genomic complexity,impacting cardiovascular and immune-related genes,which suggests adaptation through ancient human interactions.These findings refine the evolutionary history of TYC populations and underscore the need for broader genomic research to capture regional diversity and inform precision medicine.展开更多
Stochastic introgression of alien DNA may impose a genomic stress to the recipient genome. Herein, we report that apparent de novo genomic rearrangements in 10 of 13 selected endogenous, lowcopy, and potentially activ...Stochastic introgression of alien DNA may impose a genomic stress to the recipient genome. Herein, we report that apparent de novo genomic rearrangements in 10 of 13 selected endogenous, lowcopy, and potentially active long terminal repeat （LTR） retrotransposons occurred in one or more of three rice lines studied that were introgressed by wild rice （Zizania latifolia Griseb.）. For nine retrotransposons in which both the reverse-transcriptase （RT） region and the LTR region were available, largely concordant rearrangements occurred at both regions in five elements and at the RT region only in the remaining four elements. A marked proportion of the genomic changes was shared by two or all three introgression lines that were derived from a single F~ plant. This indicates that most of the genomic changes occurred at early developmental stages of the F~ somatic cells, which then gave rise to germline cells, and, hence, ensured inheritance of the changes to later generations. Possible causes and potential implications of the introgression-induced genomic rearrangements in LTR retrotransposons are discussed in the context of plant genome evolution and breeding.展开更多
Emerging new races of wheat stem rust(Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici)are threatening global wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.Host resistance is the most effective and environmentally friendly method of controllin...Emerging new races of wheat stem rust(Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici)are threatening global wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.Host resistance is the most effective and environmentally friendly method of controlling stem rust.The stem rust resistance gene Sr59 was previously identified within a T2DS 2RL wheat-rye whole arm translocation,providing broad-spectrum resistance to various stem rust races.Seedling evaluation,molecular marker analysis,and cytogenetic studies identified wheat-rye introgression line#284 containing a new translocation chromosome T2BL 2BS-2RL.This line has demonstrated broad-spectrum resistance to stem rust at the seedling stage.Seedling evaluation and cytogenetic analysis of three backcross populations between the line#284 and the adapted cultivars SLU-Elite,Navruz,and Linkert confirmed that Sr59 is located within the short distal 2RL translocation.This study aimed physical mapping of Sr59 in the 2RL introgression segment and develop a robust molecular marker for marker-assisted selection.Using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS),GBS-derived SNPs were aligned with full-length annotated rye nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)genes in the parental lines CS ph1b,SLU238,SLU-Elite,Navruz,and Linkert,as well as in 33 BC4F5progeny.Four NLR genes were identified on the 2R chromosome,with Chr2R_NLR_60 being tightly linked to the Sr59resistance gene.In-silico functional enrichment analysis of the translocated 2RL region(25,681,915 bp)identified 223 genes,with seven candidate genes associated with plant disease resistance and three linked to agronomic performance,contributing to oxidative stress response,protein kinase activity,and cellular homeostasis.These findings facilitate a better understanding of the genetic basis of stem rust resistance provided by Sr59.展开更多
Polyploidy,or whole-genome duplication,is an important evolutionary process that has shaped the genomes and traits of many plants,including numerous important crops.The Brassica genus,which includes diverse vegetables...Polyploidy,or whole-genome duplication,is an important evolutionary process that has shaped the genomes and traits of many plants,including numerous important crops.The Brassica genus,which includes diverse vegetables and oilseeds,is a key model system for studying how polyploidy affects plant diversification and domestication.This review summarizes the current understanding of how multiple rounds of ancient and more recent polyploidization events laid the foundation for the wide diversity seen in Brassica.We discuss the key outcomes through which polyploidy facilitates the accumulation of genetic variation,including genomic buffering that enables mutation retention.Furthermore,we explore the significant roles of interspecies and interploidy introgression in introducing external genetic novelty.We highlight homoeologous exchange(HE)as a critical mechanism unique to allopolyploids,driving substantial genomic rearrangements including presence-absence variations and gene dosage alterations that directly contribute to significant phenotypic innovation and adaptation in Brassica.Together,these polyploidy-associated processes have led to the extensive range of genomic variations that shaped great morphological diversification in the domestication of Brassica.By integrating insights from genomics,genetics,and evolutionary biology,this review shows how polyploidy has been central to Brassica's success and agricultural value.We also suggest future research areas to better understand polyploid evolution and improve crop breeding.展开更多
As climate change triggers unprecedented ecological shifts,it becomes imperative to understand the genetic underpinnings of species’adaptability.Adaptive introgression significantly contributes to organismal adaptati...As climate change triggers unprecedented ecological shifts,it becomes imperative to understand the genetic underpinnings of species’adaptability.Adaptive introgression significantly contributes to organismal adaptation to new environments by introducing genetic variation across species boundaries.However,despite growing recognition of its importance,the extent to which adaptive introgression has shaped the evolutionary history of closely related species remains poorly understood.Here we employed population genetic analyses of high-throughput sequencing data to investigate the interplay between genetic introgression and local adaptation in three species of spruce trees in the genus Picea(P.asperata,P.crassifolia,and P.meyeri).We find distinct genetic differentiation among these species,despite a substantial gene flow.Crucially,we find bidirectional adaptive introgression between allopatrically distributed species pairs and unearthed dozens of genes linked to stress resilience and flowering time.These candidate genes most likely have promoted adaptability of these spruces to historical environmental changes and may enhance their survival and resilience to future climate changes.Our findings highlight that adaptive introgression could be prevalent and bidirectional in a topographically complex area,and this could have contributed to rich genetic variation and diverse habitat usage by tree species.展开更多
Pentaploid hybrids produced from crosses between hexaploid and tetraploid wheats combine the genetic variation of both parents.Crossing a synthetic hexaploid wheat LM/AT23 with its AB-genome donor,the durum wheat LM,a...Pentaploid hybrids produced from crosses between hexaploid and tetraploid wheats combine the genetic variation of both parents.Crossing a synthetic hexaploid wheat LM/AT23 with its AB-genome donor,the durum wheat LM,and selfing the pentaploid hybrids to the F7 generation yielded mostly euploid tetraploids and a few hexaploids.Two special derivatives of tetraploid were isolated,including a 4D(4B)substitution line with large panicles and high resistance to stripe rust and a 2DS.2AL translocation line with non-waxy epidermis.The discovery of small D-genome introgressions in the A and B genomes suggested that pentaploidization can be used to induce homoeologous recombination.The introgression of D genome from Aegilops tauschii to the AB genomes might promote the development of super tetraploid wheat with hexaploid biological characteristics(especially stress resistance)and quality functions and the functional study of the introduced chromosomes or fragments.展开更多
基金supported by the grants CIPROM/2021/020 from Conselleria d’Educació, Universitats i Ocupació (Generalitat Valenciana, Spain)PID2021-128148OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by “ERDF A way of making Europ”, as well as by the initiative “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives” supported by the Government of Norway+1 种基金Conselleria d’Educació, Universitats i Ocupació de la Generalitat Valenciana for a pre-doctoral grant within the Santiago Grisolía programme (GRISOLIAP/2021/151)Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación for a postdoctoral grant (RYC2021-031999-I) funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union through NextG enerationE U/PRTR。
文摘As access to irrigation water becomes increasingly limited, introgression of relevant genomic regions from drought-tolerant wild genotypes is a promising breeding strategy for crop plants. In this study, nine eggplant(Solanum melongena) introgression lines(ILs) covering altogether 71.6% of the genome of the donor wildrelative parent S. incanum were evaluated for drought tolerance under water stress conditions. Plants at the five true leaves stage were irrigated at either 100%(control) or 30%(water stress) field capacity for 14 days, and growth and biochemical traits were measured. Reduced irrigation resulted in decreased growth and increased stress markers such as proline and malondialdehyde. Most ILs had lower growth and biomass production thanthe cultivated parent under both conditions. However, the wild alleles for two genomic regions related to stem and root dry weight conferred improved tolerance to water stress. In addition, several S. incanum alleles had a positive effect on important traits that may improve yield under drought conditions, such as leaf water content water use efficiency, and chlorophyll content. Fine-mapping the genomic regions for tolerance and reducinglinkage drag with regions affecting growth will be crucial for significantly improving eggplant drought tolerance through introgression breeding.
文摘The main cultivated varietie s in the world belong to the species of upland cotton(Goss ypium hir-sutum L.),and their genetic background is very narrow.However,the wild species and races in the genus of Gossypium have abundant genetic diversity and possess lots of excellent genes with potential high yield,fine and strong fiber,disease and insect resistance,drought and coldness re sistance,male sterility,and so on.The interspecific hybridiza tion for utilizing the beneficial genes from the se wild tetraploid species had been widely carrie dout for 20 yearsin China.
文摘One hundred and fifty-eight microsatellite markers showing polymorphism among parents were used to survey the introgressed segments in the 50 near-isogenic lines of F_1 pollen sterility. Two hundred and sixty introgressed segments were detected in 50 near-isogenic lines, each carrying 5.2 introgressed segments on an average. Among the 260 segments, one hundred carrying F_1 pollen sterility loci concentrated on the region of F_1 pollen sterility genes, and the remaining one hundred and sixty without F_1 pollen sterility loci distributed randomly over 12 chromosomes. Both the average number and length of the introgressed segments decreased along with the increase of backcross generations. The number of introgressed segments was less than four and the length was less than 20 cM in the near-isogenic lines after backcrossing for four or more times.
文摘The wild cotton cultivars and species have abundant genetic polymorphisms,and they possess lots of excellent genes,such as drought re sistance,insect resistance,fine and strong fiber,and so on.So cotton breeding experts have widely carried out inter specific hybridization and obtained more than 20 type s of a dvanced generation hybrids with good quality and sta ble traits between wild resources and upland cotton.We called these upland cotton lines as introgression line s of interspecific hybridization.But they have not been completely exploited,especially lacked of theoretical research in the past.
文摘Wild relatives and un-adapted germplasm of crop species harbors several adaptive traits.Introgression of genes for economic and adaptive traits brings in novel genetic variation into the gene
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2004CB117204)the Program for Introduction of International Advanced Ag-ricultural Sciences & Technologies from the Ministry of Agriculture of China [948 Progam, 2006-G1(A)]the Project of Rockefeller Foundation, USA (RF2000)
文摘The present study was carried out to illustrate high-efficient detection of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） with selected introgression lines （ILs） and the existence of ＇hidden genes＇ conferring drought tolerance （DT）. 52 selected DT ILs, derived from BC2Fz population developed by crossing and backcrossing the susceptible recurrent parent （RP） IR64 with the susceptible donor Khazar were planted under irrigation and drought condition. Four important agronomic traits, e.g., grain yield （GY）, heading date （HD）, panicle numbers per plant （PN）, and plant height （PH） were evaluated and 83 SSR polymorphic molecular markers were used for genotypic analysis. Chi-square test based on genetic hitch-hiking and one-way analysis of variances （ANOVA） were used to detect drought-related loci. Nine and 36 loci were detected by chi-square test and one-way ANOVA, respectively. Five common loci were observed by comparing the results of the two methods, among which two QTLs linked with RM7, and RM241 were detected under irrigation condition, both of the favorable alleles were from RP and explained 13% phenotypic variation （PV） for GY and 28% PV for PH, respectively. The other three QTLs linked with RM 163, RM 18, and RM270 were detected under drought condition, the favorable alleles were all from the donor and explained 10, 24, and 19% PV for HD, PH, and PH, respectively. Five common loci were observed by comparing the results of chi-square test and one-way ANOVA including two QTLs （one for GY and one for PH） under irrigation condition and three QTLs （one for HD and two for PH） under drought condition. By combining phenotypic and genotypic analysis, drought escape could be inferred as the main mechanism for drought tolerance in the present study. The results in present study suggested that the selected ILs population analyzed by chi-square test and one-way ANOVA was quite effective for DT QTL detection with low inputs and could also produce useful materials for breeding with wide genetic diversity for drought tolerance.
基金supported by the Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(82402203)the Major Project of the National SocialScience Foundation of China(23&ZD203)+3 种基金the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of the Ministry of Public Security(2022FGKFKT05)the Center for Archaeological Science of Sichuan University(23SASA01)the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYJC20002)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024NSFSC1518).
文摘Tibetan-Yi Corridor(TYC)is a crucial agro-pastoral region in the eastern Himalayas,linking Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau with the lowlands of East Asia and facilitating human migration for millennia.However,genomic research on TYC populations remains limited,which limits the understanding of their origins and health.We provide genomic data from 1031 individuals belonging to Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan groups,including 147 whole-genome sequences from 13 underrepresented Tibeto-Burman and Austroasiatic communities.Our analysis reveals approximately 3.3 million new genetic variants and 4 distinct genetic backgrounds within TYC populations.Demographic reconstructions reveal strong genetic connections among TibetoBurman groups,Central Plain Sinitic populations,and Yangshao farmers,supporting a common origin for Sino-Tibetan speakers.We identify signatures of high-altitude adaptations typical of Tibetans and TYCspecific variants linked to pigmentation and hypoxia responses.Differentiation involves mechanisms such as HLA-DQB1,which are related to immune function.Several rare pathogenic variants,like CYP21A2 and PRX,are notably frequent.Variants influencing warfarin sensitivity show significant variation.Archaic human introgression further promotes genomic complexity,impacting cardiovascular and immune-related genes,which suggests adaptation through ancient human interactions.These findings refine the evolutionary history of TYC populations and underscore the need for broader genomic research to capture regional diversity and inform precision medicine.
文摘Stochastic introgression of alien DNA may impose a genomic stress to the recipient genome. Herein, we report that apparent de novo genomic rearrangements in 10 of 13 selected endogenous, lowcopy, and potentially active long terminal repeat （LTR） retrotransposons occurred in one or more of three rice lines studied that were introgressed by wild rice （Zizania latifolia Griseb.）. For nine retrotransposons in which both the reverse-transcriptase （RT） region and the LTR region were available, largely concordant rearrangements occurred at both regions in five elements and at the RT region only in the remaining four elements. A marked proportion of the genomic changes was shared by two or all three introgression lines that were derived from a single F~ plant. This indicates that most of the genomic changes occurred at early developmental stages of the F~ somatic cells, which then gave rise to germline cells, and, hence, ensured inheritance of the changes to later generations. Possible causes and potential implications of the introgression-induced genomic rearrangements in LTR retrotransposons are discussed in the context of plant genome evolution and breeding.
基金the financial support from FORMAS(2018-01029)the Swedish Institute(01132-2022)for supporting Ivan Motsnyi’s visit and research at Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Emerging new races of wheat stem rust(Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici)are threatening global wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.Host resistance is the most effective and environmentally friendly method of controlling stem rust.The stem rust resistance gene Sr59 was previously identified within a T2DS 2RL wheat-rye whole arm translocation,providing broad-spectrum resistance to various stem rust races.Seedling evaluation,molecular marker analysis,and cytogenetic studies identified wheat-rye introgression line#284 containing a new translocation chromosome T2BL 2BS-2RL.This line has demonstrated broad-spectrum resistance to stem rust at the seedling stage.Seedling evaluation and cytogenetic analysis of three backcross populations between the line#284 and the adapted cultivars SLU-Elite,Navruz,and Linkert confirmed that Sr59 is located within the short distal 2RL translocation.This study aimed physical mapping of Sr59 in the 2RL introgression segment and develop a robust molecular marker for marker-assisted selection.Using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS),GBS-derived SNPs were aligned with full-length annotated rye nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)genes in the parental lines CS ph1b,SLU238,SLU-Elite,Navruz,and Linkert,as well as in 33 BC4F5progeny.Four NLR genes were identified on the 2R chromosome,with Chr2R_NLR_60 being tightly linked to the Sr59resistance gene.In-silico functional enrichment analysis of the translocated 2RL region(25,681,915 bp)identified 223 genes,with seven candidate genes associated with plant disease resistance and three linked to agronomic performance,contributing to oxidative stress response,protein kinase activity,and cellular homeostasis.These findings facilitate a better understanding of the genetic basis of stem rust resistance provided by Sr59.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFF1000104)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP),Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Grant No.Z231100003723009)+4 种基金the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Grant No.Y2023PT16)TKI project(Grant No.KV1605-004)support from the China Scholarship Councilthe NPO bursary funding from Wageningen universitythe scholarship from Institute of vegetables and flowers,CAAS.
文摘Polyploidy,or whole-genome duplication,is an important evolutionary process that has shaped the genomes and traits of many plants,including numerous important crops.The Brassica genus,which includes diverse vegetables and oilseeds,is a key model system for studying how polyploidy affects plant diversification and domestication.This review summarizes the current understanding of how multiple rounds of ancient and more recent polyploidization events laid the foundation for the wide diversity seen in Brassica.We discuss the key outcomes through which polyploidy facilitates the accumulation of genetic variation,including genomic buffering that enables mutation retention.Furthermore,we explore the significant roles of interspecies and interploidy introgression in introducing external genetic novelty.We highlight homoeologous exchange(HE)as a critical mechanism unique to allopolyploids,driving substantial genomic rearrangements including presence-absence variations and gene dosage alterations that directly contribute to significant phenotypic innovation and adaptation in Brassica.Together,these polyploidy-associated processes have led to the extensive range of genomic variations that shaped great morphological diversification in the domestication of Brassica.By integrating insights from genomics,genetics,and evolutionary biology,this review shows how polyploidy has been central to Brassica's success and agricultural value.We also suggest future research areas to better understand polyploid evolution and improve crop breeding.
基金the Project of Qinghai provincial central government guides local funds for science and technology development(2024ZY005).
文摘As climate change triggers unprecedented ecological shifts,it becomes imperative to understand the genetic underpinnings of species’adaptability.Adaptive introgression significantly contributes to organismal adaptation to new environments by introducing genetic variation across species boundaries.However,despite growing recognition of its importance,the extent to which adaptive introgression has shaped the evolutionary history of closely related species remains poorly understood.Here we employed population genetic analyses of high-throughput sequencing data to investigate the interplay between genetic introgression and local adaptation in three species of spruce trees in the genus Picea(P.asperata,P.crassifolia,and P.meyeri).We find distinct genetic differentiation among these species,despite a substantial gene flow.Crucially,we find bidirectional adaptive introgression between allopatrically distributed species pairs and unearthed dozens of genes linked to stress resilience and flowering time.These candidate genes most likely have promoted adaptability of these spruces to historical environmental changes and may enhance their survival and resilience to future climate changes.Our findings highlight that adaptive introgression could be prevalent and bidirectional in a topographically complex area,and this could have contributed to rich genetic variation and diverse habitat usage by tree species.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province for Young Scholars(2024NSFSC1218)the HighLevel Talent Introduction Project of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(NKYRCZX2024022)+1 种基金the Accurate Identification Project of Crop Germplasm from Sichuan Provincial Finance Department(1+3 ZYGG001)the Strategic Scientist Studio of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Pentaploid hybrids produced from crosses between hexaploid and tetraploid wheats combine the genetic variation of both parents.Crossing a synthetic hexaploid wheat LM/AT23 with its AB-genome donor,the durum wheat LM,and selfing the pentaploid hybrids to the F7 generation yielded mostly euploid tetraploids and a few hexaploids.Two special derivatives of tetraploid were isolated,including a 4D(4B)substitution line with large panicles and high resistance to stripe rust and a 2DS.2AL translocation line with non-waxy epidermis.The discovery of small D-genome introgressions in the A and B genomes suggested that pentaploidization can be used to induce homoeologous recombination.The introgression of D genome from Aegilops tauschii to the AB genomes might promote the development of super tetraploid wheat with hexaploid biological characteristics(especially stress resistance)and quality functions and the functional study of the introduced chromosomes or fragments.
