The intrinsic pressure framework,which treats self-propelling force as an external force,provides a convenient and consistent description of mechanical equilibrium in active matter.However,direct experimental evidence...The intrinsic pressure framework,which treats self-propelling force as an external force,provides a convenient and consistent description of mechanical equilibrium in active matter.However,direct experimental evidence is still lacking.To validate this framework,here we employ a programmable robotic platform,where a single light-controlled wheeled robot travels in an activity landscape.Our experiments quantitatively demonstrate that the intrinsic pressure difference across the activity interface is balanced by the emerged polarization force.This result unambiguously confirms the theoretical predictions,thus validating the intrinsic pressure framework and laying the experimental foundation for the intrinsic pressure-based mechanical description of dry active matter.展开更多
Compared to the well-studied two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectricity,the appearance of 2D antiferroelectricity is much rarer,where local dipoles from the nonequivalent sublattices within 2D monolayers are oppositely orien...Compared to the well-studied two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectricity,the appearance of 2D antiferroelectricity is much rarer,where local dipoles from the nonequivalent sublattices within 2D monolayers are oppositely oriented.Using NbOCl_(2) monolayer with competing ferroelectric(FE)and antiferroelectric(AFE)phases as a 2D material platform,we demonstrate the emergence of intrinsic antiferroelectricity in NbOCl_(2) monolayer under experimentally accessible shear strain,along with new functionality associated with electric field-induced AFE-to-FE phase transition.Specifically,the complex configuration space accommodating FE and AFE phases,polarization switching kinetics,and finite temperature thermodynamic properties of 2D NbOCl_(2) are all accurately predicted by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations based on deep learning interatomic potential model.Moreover,room temperature stable antiferroelectricity with low polarization switching barrier and one-dimensional collinear polarization arrangement is predicted in shear-deformed NbOCl_(2) monolayer.The transition from AFE to FE phase in 2D NbOCl_(2) can be triggered by a low critical electric field,leading to a double polarization–electric(P–E)loop with small hysteresis.A new type of optoelectronic device composed of AFE-NbOCl_(2) is proposed,enabling electric“writing”and nonlinear optical“reading”logical operation with fast operation speed and low power consumption.展开更多
In Kripke’s theory of truth,the largest intrinsic fixed point—like the least fixed point—is of special theoretical interest among all fixed points.However,for intrinsic yet ungrounded sentences(i.e.,those belonging...In Kripke’s theory of truth,the largest intrinsic fixed point—like the least fixed point—is of special theoretical interest among all fixed points.However,for intrinsic yet ungrounded sentences(i.e.,those belonging to the largest intrinsic fixed points but not to the least fixed point),only sporadic examples have been provided so far,and a universal criterion for deciding such sentences remains unknown.This paper aims to establish a general criterion for determining intrinsic truth in Boolean systems of self-referential sentences under Kleene’s strong valuation scheme.To achieve this,we first present a known result about the definability of three-valued functions within Kleene’s strong logic.Then,by reducing the problem of determining the fixed points to a calculation problem in propositional logic,we demonstrate a truth-functional characteristic for the intrinsic truths in Boolean systems.We thus find an effective method for constructing intrinsic truths in a first-order language for Peano arithmetic.We also discuss the applicability of our findings to Kleene’s weak valuation scheme.展开更多
Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a sim...Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity remains a formidable challenge,due to the difficulty of achieving an optimal match between polymers and fillers.In this study,we incorporate a porous carbon-based zinc oxide composite(C@ZnO)into high-permeability polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)to fabricate MMMs.The dipole–dipole interaction between C@ZnO and PIMs ensures their exceptional compatibility,mitigating the formation of non-selective voids in the resulting MMMs.Concurrently,C@ZnO with abundant interconnected pores can provide additional low-resistance pathways for gas transport in MMMs.As a result,the CO_(2) permeability of the optimized C@ZnO/PIM-1 MMMs is elevated to 13,215 barrer,while the CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity reached 21.5 and 14.4,respectively,substantially surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Additionally,molecular simulation results further corroborate that the augmented membrane gas selectivity is attributed to the superior CO_(2) affinity of C@ZnO.In summary,we believe that this work not only expands the application of MMMs for gas separation but also heralds a paradigm shift in the application of porous carbon materials.展开更多
Nanoclays have large specific surface area,good adsorption properties,and biocompatibility that have great potential for drug delivery applications[1].Evaluating the in vivo metabolic pathways of nanoclays can help to...Nanoclays have large specific surface area,good adsorption properties,and biocompatibility that have great potential for drug delivery applications[1].Evaluating the in vivo metabolic pathways of nanoclays can help to understand their pharmacodynamic sites and the toxicological effects caused by their in vivo retention time[2].展开更多
Nano ceria(nano-CeO_(2))has been widely applied in various fields of industry and daily life,however,knowledge regarding the biological effects of nano-CeO_(2)with different intrinsic physicochemical properties remain...Nano ceria(nano-CeO_(2))has been widely applied in various fields of industry and daily life,however,knowledge regarding the biological effects of nano-CeO_(2)with different intrinsic physicochemical properties remains limited.In this study,we investigated the impact of nano-CeO_(2)with different properties on the growth of a typical environmental species(romaine lettuce,Lactuca sativa L.)by exposing the plant to four types of CeO_(2)(rod-like nano-CeO_(2)(RNC),cubic nano-CeO_(2)(CNC),spherical nano-CeO_(2)(SNC)and commercial irregular CeO_(2)(CIC))during the germination stage.The results indicated that different types of CeO_(2)exhibited varying inhibitory effects on plant growth.RNC and SNC significantly inhibited the elongation of roots and shoots,while CNC and CIC did not have a significant impact.We further examined the distribution and biotransformation of the four CeO_(2)in plant tissues using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES).Specifically,the positively charged RNC and SNC were more readily adsorbed onto the root surface,and needle-like nanoclusters were deposited in the intercellular space inside the roots.The absolute content of Ce(III)in the roots romaine lettuce was in the order of RNC>SNC>>CNC>>CIC.The size and shape(i.e.,exposed crystal surface)of the materials affected their reactivity and dissolution ratios,and zeta potentials affected their bioavailability,both of which influenced the overall contents of Ce^(3+)ions in plant tissues.Thus,these characteristics together led to different biological effects.These findings highlight the importance of considering the intrinsic properties of nano-CeO_(2)when assessing their environmental and biological effects.展开更多
The facets effect on the catalytic properties of inorganic compounds and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)has been widely demonstrated,but the intrinsic facets effect free of interference of capping agents has not been d...The facets effect on the catalytic properties of inorganic compounds and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)has been widely demonstrated,but the intrinsic facets effect free of interference of capping agents has not been discussed.Here we give a proof-of-concept illustration on the intrinsic facets effect by employing the popularly investigated NH2-MIL-125(Ti)MOFs with{001},{111}and{100}facets controllably exposed as model photocatalysts,which were synthesized via a simple supersaturation strategy free of any capping agents.Compared to conventional synthetic routes with capping agents employed,the NH2-MIL-125(Ti)MOFs obtained in this work exhibit remarkably different physical and chemical properties such as surface wettability,charge separation as well as trend of facets effect on photocatalytic water splitting performance.The main reason has been unraveled to originate from unavoidable residue/influence of capping agents during the conventional facets-controlled synthetic routes leading to changed local surface structural environment as well as distinct charge separation property.Our results demonstrate the importance and feasibility of facets-controllable synthesis free of capping agents in getting insight into the intrinsic facets effect of MOFs-related materials.展开更多
Intrinsic decomposition,the process of decomposing an image into reflectance and shading,is widely used in virtual and augmented reality tasks.Reflectance and shading often exhibit large gradients at the object edges,...Intrinsic decomposition,the process of decomposing an image into reflectance and shading,is widely used in virtual and augmented reality tasks.Reflectance and shading often exhibit large gradients at the object edges,and the intrinsic properties on the same object tend to be similar.This spatial coherence is closely related to semantic consistency because objects within the same semantic category often exhibit similar intrinsic properties.Therefore,incorporating semantic segmentation into a deep intrinsic decomposition framework helps the network distinguish between different object instances and understand high-level scene structures.To this end,we design an intrinsic decomposition network jointly trained with a dedicated semantic segmentation module,allowing semantic cues to enhance the decomposition of reflectance and shading.The semantic module provides guidance during training but is removed during inference,improving performance without increasing the inference cost.Additionally,to capture the global contextual dependencies critical for intrinsic decomposition,we adopt a Transformer-based backbone.The proposed backbone enables the model to associate distant regions with similar material properties,thereby maintaining consistency in reflectance and learning smooth illumination patterns across a scene.A convolutional decoder is also designed to output predictions with improved details.Experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in the quantitative evaluations on the Intrinsic Images in the Wild(IIW)and Shading Annotations in the wild(SAW)datasets.展开更多
This paper introduces a new method based on deep belief networks(DBNs)to integrate intrinsic vibration information and assess the similarity of subspaces established on the Grassmann manifold for intelligent fault dia...This paper introduces a new method based on deep belief networks(DBNs)to integrate intrinsic vibration information and assess the similarity of subspaces established on the Grassmann manifold for intelligent fault diagnosis of a reciprocating compressor(RC).Initially,raw vibration signals undergo empirical mode decomposition to break them down into multiple intrinsic mode functions(IMFs).This operation can reveal inherent vibration patterns of fault and other components hidden in the original signals.Subsequently,features are refined from all the IMFs and concatenated into a high-dimensional representative vector,offering localized and comprehensive insights into RC operation.Through DBN,the fault-sensitive information is further refined from the features to enhance their performance in fault identification.Finally,similarities among subspaces on the Grassmann manifold are computed to match fault types.The efficacy of the method is validated usingfield data.Comparative analysis with traditional approaches for feature dimension reduction,feature extraction,and Euclidean distance-based fault identification underscores the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in RC fault diagnosis.展开更多
The atomically thin nature of two-dimensional(2D)layered materials makes them susceptible to charge trapping by randomly created disorders,adversely affecting carrier dynamics such as charge transport and exciton life...The atomically thin nature of two-dimensional(2D)layered materials makes them susceptible to charge trapping by randomly created disorders,adversely affecting carrier dynamics such as charge transport and exciton lifetime.Typically,these disorders lead to poor device performance or require additional space to mitigate performance degradation.In this study,we investigate 2D layered Dion–Jacobson(DJ)-phase oxide perovskite nanosheets,which exhibit charge trapping within their well-defined quantum well(QW)structures,resulting in unique tailoring of electrical conductivity and photoconductivity.These DJ-phase perovskites,composed of tunable atomic constituents,demonstrate resonant tunneling and anomalous charge trapping due to their ultra-clean QWs.Remarkably,the conductivity of insulating HSr_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10)(HSNO)increased over 1000 times upon applying voltage without additional treatments.We observed persistent photoconductivity in 2D vertical heterostructure devices,attributed to charge trapping in QWs,and demonstrated artificial synaptic behaviours in a single flake with tailored energy consumption.Varying the number of perovskite layers significantly allows the tunability of the energy bandgap.This study also highlights the high tunability of 2D perovskite nanosheets,promising various applications,including magnetic,high-k dielectric,and resistive switching devices.Our findings suggest a new class of ionic layered materials with great potential as novel two-dimensional building blocks for device applications.展开更多
This study aimed to explore the mediating roles of self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation on the relationship between teacher autonomy and teacher job satisfaction.Data were from the Teaching and Learning International...This study aimed to explore the mediating roles of self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation on the relationship between teacher autonomy and teacher job satisfaction.Data were from the Teaching and Learning International Survey(TALIS 2018),with a sample of 3131 junior high school teachers(female=2337;male=794)from Shanghai,China.The mediating effect was analyzed using structural equation modeling.The results showed that teacher autonomy was positively associated with teacher job satisfaction,self-efficacy,and intrinsic motivation.Both self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation were associated with teacher job satisfaction.Self-efficacy was associated with teacher intrinsic motivation.Self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation not only served as independent mediators between teacher autonomy and teacher job satisfaction but also played a chain mediating role.Moreover,the separate mediating effect of self-efficacy was the most significant.Findings are consistent with the job demands-resources model by which diminished teacher autonomy ould explain lower teacher job satisfaction.展开更多
Polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)have received considerable attention for making high-performance membranes for carbon dioxide separation over the last two decades,owing to their highly permeable porous struct...Polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)have received considerable attention for making high-performance membranes for carbon dioxide separation over the last two decades,owing to their highly permeable porous structures.However,challenges regarding its relatively low selectivity,physical aging,and plasticisation impede relevant industrial adoptions for gas separation.To address these issues,several strategies including chain modification,post-modification,blending with other polymers,and the addition of fillers,have been developed and explored.PIM-1 is the most investigated PIMs,and hence here we review the stateof-the-arts of the modification strategies of PIM-1 critically and discuss the progress achieved for addressing the aforementioned challenges via meta-analysis.Additionally,the development of PIM-1-based thin film composite membranes is commented as well,shedding light on their potential in industrial gas separation.We hope that the review can be a timely snapshot of the relevant state-of-the-arts of PIMs guiding future design and optimisation of PIMs-based membranes for enhanced performance towards a higher technology readiness level for practical applications.展开更多
Fault diagnosis occupies a pivotal position within the domain of machine and equipment management.Existing methods,however,often exhibit limitations in their scope of application,typically focusing on specific types o...Fault diagnosis occupies a pivotal position within the domain of machine and equipment management.Existing methods,however,often exhibit limitations in their scope of application,typically focusing on specific types of signals or faults in individual mechanical components while being constrained by data types and inherent characteristics.To address the limitations of existing methods,we propose a fault diagnosis method based on graph neural networks(GNNs)embedded with multirelationships of intrinsic mode functions(MIMF).The approach introduces a novel graph topological structure constructed from the features of intrinsic mode functions(IMFs)of monitored signals and their multirelationships.Additionally,a graph-level based fault diagnosis network model is designed to enhance feature learning capabilities for graph samples and enable flexible application across diverse signal sources and devices.Experimental validation with datasets including independent vibration signals for gear fault detection,mixed vibration signals for concurrent gear and bearing faults,and pressure signals for hydraulic cylinder leakage characterization demonstrates the model's adaptability and superior diagnostic accuracy across various types of signals and mechanical systems.展开更多
The high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)has attracted widespread attention,which is expected to improve the endurance mileage of electric vehicles comparable to fossil fuel-powered vehicles.At present,...The high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)has attracted widespread attention,which is expected to improve the endurance mileage of electric vehicles comparable to fossil fuel-powered vehicles.At present,the main research is focused on developing advanced materials and revealing the indepth electrochemical mechanism of LMBs,while there is a significant lagging behind of attention to the safety evaluation.This review aims to emphasize the fire safety challenges faced by LMBs and summarize advanced strategies for improving intrinsic safety.Firstly,the basic chemical composition and working principle of LMBs were introduced compared with lithium-ion batteries.Moreover,we reviewed the thermal runaway problem of LMBs from the aspects of material activity,interfacial stability triggering conditions,thermal runaway behavior and mechanism,the special thermal runaway characteristics,and new safety challenges of Li-S,Li-O_(2),and the solid-state LMBs were discussed in detail.Based on the analysis of the thermal runaway mechanism,we summarized the advanced strategies,including electrolyte design,interphase film construction,separator,and anode design for improving the intrinsic safety of LMBs.Finally,we proposed the fire safety challenge at the battery level and emphasized the necessity of designing safe materials based on the thermal runaway mechanism.Blocking the thermal coupling reaction and conducting multi-strategy collaborative optimization is the key point to restrain thermal runaway.展开更多
Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)represents a prevalent etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)in the male population,clinically defined by a nonmalignant proliferation of prostatic tissue.While BPH exhibits a ...Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)represents a prevalent etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)in the male population,clinically defined by a nonmalignant proliferation of prostatic tissue.While BPH exhibits a high prevalence among older male populations globally,the precise underlying mechanisms contributing to its development remain incompletely elucidated.Mitochondria,essential organelles within eukaryotic cells,are critical for cellular bioenergetics,the regulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,and the modulation of cell death pathways.The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis involves a complex interplay of processes.By synthesizing previous literature,this review discusses mitochondrial homeostasis in prostate glands and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of BPH.Furthermore,the review delved into each dimension of mitochondrial dysfunction in the specific etiology of BPH,highlighting its impact on cell survival,apoptosis,ferroptosis,oxidative stress and androgen receptor(AR).Overall,this review aims to unveil the crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and BPH and identify intrinsic mechanisms.展开更多
Intrinsically disordered proteins(IDPs)and their regions(IDRs)play crucial roles in cellular func-tions despite their lack of stable three-dimensional structures.In this study,we investigate the interac-tions between ...Intrinsically disordered proteins(IDPs)and their regions(IDRs)play crucial roles in cellular func-tions despite their lack of stable three-dimensional structures.In this study,we investigate the interac-tions between the C-terminal do-main of protein 4.1G(4.1G CTD)and the nuclear mitotic apparatus protein(NuMA)under varying pH and salt ion conditions to under-stand the regulatory mechanisms affecting their binding.4.1G CTD and NuMA bind effec-tively under neutral and alkaline conditions,but their interaction is disrupted under acidic conditions(pH 3.6).The protonation of positively charged residues at the C-terminal of 4.1G CTD under acidic conditions leads to increased electrostatic repulsion,weakening the overall binding free energy.Secondary structure analysis shows that specific regions of 4.1G CTD re-main stable under both pH conditions,but the C-terminal region(aa 990−1000)and the N-terminal region of NuMA(aa 1800−1810)exhibit significant reductions in secondary struc-ture probability under acidic conditions.Contact map analysis and solvent-accessible surface area analysis further support these findings by showing a reduced contact probability be-tween these regions under pH 3.6.These results provide a comprehensive understanding of how pH and ionic strength regulate the binding dynamics of 4.1G CTD and NuMA,emphasiz-ing the regulatory role of electrostatic interactions.展开更多
A newnumerical method based on vector form intrinsic finite element（VFIFE） is proposed to simulate the integral lifting process of steel structures. First, in order to verify the validity of the VFIFE method, taking...A newnumerical method based on vector form intrinsic finite element（VFIFE） is proposed to simulate the integral lifting process of steel structures. First, in order to verify the validity of the VFIFE method, taking the steel gallery between the integrated building and the attached building of Nanjing M obile Communication Buildings for example, the static analysis was carried out and the corresponding results were compared with the results achieved by the traditional finite element method. Then, according to the characteristics of dynamic construction of steel structure integral lifting, the tension cable element was employed to simulate the behavior of dynamic construction. The VFIFE method avoids the iterative solution of the stiffness matrix and the singularity problems. Therefore, it is simple to simulate the complete process of steel structure lifting construction.Finally, by using the VFIFE, the displacement and internal force time history curves of the steel structures under different lifting speeds are obtained. The results show that the lifting speed has influence on the lifting force, the internal force, and the displacement of the structure. In the case of normal lifting speed, the dynamic magnification factor of 1. 5 is safe and reasonable for practical application.展开更多
A series of microcrystalline silicon thin films were fabricated by very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition （VHF-PECVD） at different silane concentrations in a P chamber. Through analysis of the...A series of microcrystalline silicon thin films were fabricated by very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition （VHF-PECVD） at different silane concentrations in a P chamber. Through analysis of the structural and electrical properties of these materials,we conclude that the photosensitivity slightly decreased then increased as the silane concentration increased,while the crystalline volume fraction indicates the opposite change. Results of XRD indicate that thin films have a （220） preferable orientation under certain conditions. Microcrystalline silicon solar cells with conversion efficiency 4. 7% and micromorph tandem solar cells 8.5% were fabricated by VHF-PECVD （p layer and i layer of microcrystalline silicon solar cells were deposited in P chamber）, respectively.展开更多
Aim To study the relationships between average molecular mass and intrinsic viscosity of polyanhydrides. Methods With chloroform as solvent and petroleum ether as the precipitating agent polyanhydride was separated in...Aim To study the relationships between average molecular mass and intrinsic viscosity of polyanhydrides. Methods With chloroform as solvent and petroleum ether as the precipitating agent polyanhydride was separated into a series of grades with different average molecular mass. The absolute average molecular mass (M) and intrinsic viscosity ([]) of every grade were measured. Results and Conclusion The relationships between [] and M of three typical polyanhydrides were obtained from bi-logarithm coordinate plotting of [] versus M.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.T2325027,12274448,T2350007,12404239,12174041,12325405,12090054,and T2221001)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2022YFF0503504)。
文摘The intrinsic pressure framework,which treats self-propelling force as an external force,provides a convenient and consistent description of mechanical equilibrium in active matter.However,direct experimental evidence is still lacking.To validate this framework,here we employ a programmable robotic platform,where a single light-controlled wheeled robot travels in an activity landscape.Our experiments quantitatively demonstrate that the intrinsic pressure difference across the activity interface is balanced by the emerged polarization force.This result unambiguously confirms the theoretical predictions,thus validating the intrinsic pressure framework and laying the experimental foundation for the intrinsic pressure-based mechanical description of dry active matter.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11574244 for G.Y.G.)the XJTU Research Fund for AI Science (Grant No.2025YXYC011 for G.Y.G.)the Hong Kong Global STEM Professorship Scheme (for X.C.Z.)。
文摘Compared to the well-studied two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectricity,the appearance of 2D antiferroelectricity is much rarer,where local dipoles from the nonequivalent sublattices within 2D monolayers are oppositely oriented.Using NbOCl_(2) monolayer with competing ferroelectric(FE)and antiferroelectric(AFE)phases as a 2D material platform,we demonstrate the emergence of intrinsic antiferroelectricity in NbOCl_(2) monolayer under experimentally accessible shear strain,along with new functionality associated with electric field-induced AFE-to-FE phase transition.Specifically,the complex configuration space accommodating FE and AFE phases,polarization switching kinetics,and finite temperature thermodynamic properties of 2D NbOCl_(2) are all accurately predicted by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations based on deep learning interatomic potential model.Moreover,room temperature stable antiferroelectricity with low polarization switching barrier and one-dimensional collinear polarization arrangement is predicted in shear-deformed NbOCl_(2) monolayer.The transition from AFE to FE phase in 2D NbOCl_(2) can be triggered by a low critical electric field,leading to a double polarization–electric(P–E)loop with small hysteresis.A new type of optoelectronic device composed of AFE-NbOCl_(2) is proposed,enabling electric“writing”and nonlinear optical“reading”logical operation with fast operation speed and low power consumption.
基金supported by National Social Science Foundation of China,“A Truth-theoretical Study on Limits of Artificial Intelligence”(No.24AZX018)Major Interdisciplinary Cultivation Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences at South China Normal University,“Research on Frontier Issues in Epistemic Logic in Analytic Philosophy.”。
文摘In Kripke’s theory of truth,the largest intrinsic fixed point—like the least fixed point—is of special theoretical interest among all fixed points.However,for intrinsic yet ungrounded sentences(i.e.,those belonging to the largest intrinsic fixed points but not to the least fixed point),only sporadic examples have been provided so far,and a universal criterion for deciding such sentences remains unknown.This paper aims to establish a general criterion for determining intrinsic truth in Boolean systems of self-referential sentences under Kleene’s strong valuation scheme.To achieve this,we first present a known result about the definability of three-valued functions within Kleene’s strong logic.Then,by reducing the problem of determining the fixed points to a calculation problem in propositional logic,we demonstrate a truth-functional characteristic for the intrinsic truths in Boolean systems.We thus find an effective method for constructing intrinsic truths in a first-order language for Peano arithmetic.We also discuss the applicability of our findings to Kleene’s weak valuation scheme.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22108258 and 52003251)Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(24HASTIT004)+1 种基金Outstanding Youth Fund of Henan Scientific Committee(222300420085)Science and Technology Joint Project of Henan Province(222301420041)。
文摘Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity remains a formidable challenge,due to the difficulty of achieving an optimal match between polymers and fillers.In this study,we incorporate a porous carbon-based zinc oxide composite(C@ZnO)into high-permeability polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)to fabricate MMMs.The dipole–dipole interaction between C@ZnO and PIMs ensures their exceptional compatibility,mitigating the formation of non-selective voids in the resulting MMMs.Concurrently,C@ZnO with abundant interconnected pores can provide additional low-resistance pathways for gas transport in MMMs.As a result,the CO_(2) permeability of the optimized C@ZnO/PIM-1 MMMs is elevated to 13,215 barrer,while the CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity reached 21.5 and 14.4,respectively,substantially surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Additionally,molecular simulation results further corroborate that the augmented membrane gas selectivity is attributed to the superior CO_(2) affinity of C@ZnO.In summary,we believe that this work not only expands the application of MMMs for gas separation but also heralds a paradigm shift in the application of porous carbon materials.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.:2023YFF0716000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82071965)+1 种基金Major plan of Jointly Constructed Project by the Science and Technology Department of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(Grant No.:GZY-ZJ-KJ-24025)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:LQ23H180005).
文摘Nanoclays have large specific surface area,good adsorption properties,and biocompatibility that have great potential for drug delivery applications[1].Evaluating the in vivo metabolic pathways of nanoclays can help to understand their pharmacodynamic sites and the toxicological effects caused by their in vivo retention time[2].
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1207600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12175263,11875267,and 12075262).
文摘Nano ceria(nano-CeO_(2))has been widely applied in various fields of industry and daily life,however,knowledge regarding the biological effects of nano-CeO_(2)with different intrinsic physicochemical properties remains limited.In this study,we investigated the impact of nano-CeO_(2)with different properties on the growth of a typical environmental species(romaine lettuce,Lactuca sativa L.)by exposing the plant to four types of CeO_(2)(rod-like nano-CeO_(2)(RNC),cubic nano-CeO_(2)(CNC),spherical nano-CeO_(2)(SNC)and commercial irregular CeO_(2)(CIC))during the germination stage.The results indicated that different types of CeO_(2)exhibited varying inhibitory effects on plant growth.RNC and SNC significantly inhibited the elongation of roots and shoots,while CNC and CIC did not have a significant impact.We further examined the distribution and biotransformation of the four CeO_(2)in plant tissues using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES).Specifically,the positively charged RNC and SNC were more readily adsorbed onto the root surface,and needle-like nanoclusters were deposited in the intercellular space inside the roots.The absolute content of Ce(III)in the roots romaine lettuce was in the order of RNC>SNC>>CNC>>CIC.The size and shape(i.e.,exposed crystal surface)of the materials affected their reactivity and dissolution ratios,and zeta potentials affected their bioavailability,both of which influenced the overall contents of Ce^(3+)ions in plant tissues.Thus,these characteristics together led to different biological effects.These findings highlight the importance of considering the intrinsic properties of nano-CeO_(2)when assessing their environmental and biological effects.
文摘The facets effect on the catalytic properties of inorganic compounds and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)has been widely demonstrated,but the intrinsic facets effect free of interference of capping agents has not been discussed.Here we give a proof-of-concept illustration on the intrinsic facets effect by employing the popularly investigated NH2-MIL-125(Ti)MOFs with{001},{111}and{100}facets controllably exposed as model photocatalysts,which were synthesized via a simple supersaturation strategy free of any capping agents.Compared to conventional synthetic routes with capping agents employed,the NH2-MIL-125(Ti)MOFs obtained in this work exhibit remarkably different physical and chemical properties such as surface wettability,charge separation as well as trend of facets effect on photocatalytic water splitting performance.The main reason has been unraveled to originate from unavoidable residue/influence of capping agents during the conventional facets-controlled synthetic routes leading to changed local surface structural environment as well as distinct charge separation property.Our results demonstrate the importance and feasibility of facets-controllable synthesis free of capping agents in getting insight into the intrinsic facets effect of MOFs-related materials.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation 2030:Major Project of“New Generation Artificial Intelligence”(No.2022ZD0115901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62332003).
文摘Intrinsic decomposition,the process of decomposing an image into reflectance and shading,is widely used in virtual and augmented reality tasks.Reflectance and shading often exhibit large gradients at the object edges,and the intrinsic properties on the same object tend to be similar.This spatial coherence is closely related to semantic consistency because objects within the same semantic category often exhibit similar intrinsic properties.Therefore,incorporating semantic segmentation into a deep intrinsic decomposition framework helps the network distinguish between different object instances and understand high-level scene structures.To this end,we design an intrinsic decomposition network jointly trained with a dedicated semantic segmentation module,allowing semantic cues to enhance the decomposition of reflectance and shading.The semantic module provides guidance during training but is removed during inference,improving performance without increasing the inference cost.Additionally,to capture the global contextual dependencies critical for intrinsic decomposition,we adopt a Transformer-based backbone.The proposed backbone enables the model to associate distant regions with similar material properties,thereby maintaining consistency in reflectance and learning smooth illumination patterns across a scene.A convolutional decoder is also designed to output predictions with improved details.Experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in the quantitative evaluations on the Intrinsic Images in the Wild(IIW)and Shading Annotations in the wild(SAW)datasets.
文摘This paper introduces a new method based on deep belief networks(DBNs)to integrate intrinsic vibration information and assess the similarity of subspaces established on the Grassmann manifold for intelligent fault diagnosis of a reciprocating compressor(RC).Initially,raw vibration signals undergo empirical mode decomposition to break them down into multiple intrinsic mode functions(IMFs).This operation can reveal inherent vibration patterns of fault and other components hidden in the original signals.Subsequently,features are refined from all the IMFs and concatenated into a high-dimensional representative vector,offering localized and comprehensive insights into RC operation.Through DBN,the fault-sensitive information is further refined from the features to enhance their performance in fault identification.Finally,similarities among subspaces on the Grassmann manifold are computed to match fault types.The efficacy of the method is validated usingfield data.Comparative analysis with traditional approaches for feature dimension reduction,feature extraction,and Euclidean distance-based fault identification underscores the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in RC fault diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the government of the Republic of Korea(the Ministry of Science and ICT)(Nos.NRF-2023R1A2C2003247,2021R1C1C2091728,and 2021R1A2C2010695)the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by Ministry of Science and ICT(No.RS-2024-00402972)the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the Korea。
文摘The atomically thin nature of two-dimensional(2D)layered materials makes them susceptible to charge trapping by randomly created disorders,adversely affecting carrier dynamics such as charge transport and exciton lifetime.Typically,these disorders lead to poor device performance or require additional space to mitigate performance degradation.In this study,we investigate 2D layered Dion–Jacobson(DJ)-phase oxide perovskite nanosheets,which exhibit charge trapping within their well-defined quantum well(QW)structures,resulting in unique tailoring of electrical conductivity and photoconductivity.These DJ-phase perovskites,composed of tunable atomic constituents,demonstrate resonant tunneling and anomalous charge trapping due to their ultra-clean QWs.Remarkably,the conductivity of insulating HSr_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10)(HSNO)increased over 1000 times upon applying voltage without additional treatments.We observed persistent photoconductivity in 2D vertical heterostructure devices,attributed to charge trapping in QWs,and demonstrated artificial synaptic behaviours in a single flake with tailored energy consumption.Varying the number of perovskite layers significantly allows the tunability of the energy bandgap.This study also highlights the high tunability of 2D perovskite nanosheets,promising various applications,including magnetic,high-k dielectric,and resistive switching devices.Our findings suggest a new class of ionic layered materials with great potential as novel two-dimensional building blocks for device applications.
文摘This study aimed to explore the mediating roles of self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation on the relationship between teacher autonomy and teacher job satisfaction.Data were from the Teaching and Learning International Survey(TALIS 2018),with a sample of 3131 junior high school teachers(female=2337;male=794)from Shanghai,China.The mediating effect was analyzed using structural equation modeling.The results showed that teacher autonomy was positively associated with teacher job satisfaction,self-efficacy,and intrinsic motivation.Both self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation were associated with teacher job satisfaction.Self-efficacy was associated with teacher intrinsic motivation.Self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation not only served as independent mediators between teacher autonomy and teacher job satisfaction but also played a chain mediating role.Moreover,the separate mediating effect of self-efficacy was the most significant.Findings are consistent with the job demands-resources model by which diminished teacher autonomy ould explain lower teacher job satisfaction.
基金funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 872102the China Scholarship Council(CSC,file no.202006240076)-University of Manchester joint studentship for supporting the PhD researchthe special innovation project fund from the Institute of Wenzhou,Zhejiang University(No.XMGL-KJZX-202204)。
文摘Polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)have received considerable attention for making high-performance membranes for carbon dioxide separation over the last two decades,owing to their highly permeable porous structures.However,challenges regarding its relatively low selectivity,physical aging,and plasticisation impede relevant industrial adoptions for gas separation.To address these issues,several strategies including chain modification,post-modification,blending with other polymers,and the addition of fillers,have been developed and explored.PIM-1 is the most investigated PIMs,and hence here we review the stateof-the-arts of the modification strategies of PIM-1 critically and discuss the progress achieved for addressing the aforementioned challenges via meta-analysis.Additionally,the development of PIM-1-based thin film composite membranes is commented as well,shedding light on their potential in industrial gas separation.We hope that the review can be a timely snapshot of the relevant state-of-the-arts of PIMs guiding future design and optimisation of PIMs-based membranes for enhanced performance towards a higher technology readiness level for practical applications.
文摘Fault diagnosis occupies a pivotal position within the domain of machine and equipment management.Existing methods,however,often exhibit limitations in their scope of application,typically focusing on specific types of signals or faults in individual mechanical components while being constrained by data types and inherent characteristics.To address the limitations of existing methods,we propose a fault diagnosis method based on graph neural networks(GNNs)embedded with multirelationships of intrinsic mode functions(MIMF).The approach introduces a novel graph topological structure constructed from the features of intrinsic mode functions(IMFs)of monitored signals and their multirelationships.Additionally,a graph-level based fault diagnosis network model is designed to enhance feature learning capabilities for graph samples and enable flexible application across diverse signal sources and devices.Experimental validation with datasets including independent vibration signals for gear fault detection,mixed vibration signals for concurrent gear and bearing faults,and pressure signals for hydraulic cylinder leakage characterization demonstrates the model's adaptability and superior diagnostic accuracy across various types of signals and mechanical systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52204248)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202408191)。
文摘The high energy density of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)has attracted widespread attention,which is expected to improve the endurance mileage of electric vehicles comparable to fossil fuel-powered vehicles.At present,the main research is focused on developing advanced materials and revealing the indepth electrochemical mechanism of LMBs,while there is a significant lagging behind of attention to the safety evaluation.This review aims to emphasize the fire safety challenges faced by LMBs and summarize advanced strategies for improving intrinsic safety.Firstly,the basic chemical composition and working principle of LMBs were introduced compared with lithium-ion batteries.Moreover,we reviewed the thermal runaway problem of LMBs from the aspects of material activity,interfacial stability triggering conditions,thermal runaway behavior and mechanism,the special thermal runaway characteristics,and new safety challenges of Li-S,Li-O_(2),and the solid-state LMBs were discussed in detail.Based on the analysis of the thermal runaway mechanism,we summarized the advanced strategies,including electrolyte design,interphase film construction,separator,and anode design for improving the intrinsic safety of LMBs.Finally,we proposed the fire safety challenge at the battery level and emphasized the necessity of designing safe materials based on the thermal runaway mechanism.Blocking the thermal coupling reaction and conducting multi-strategy collaborative optimization is the key point to restrain thermal runaway.
文摘Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)represents a prevalent etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)in the male population,clinically defined by a nonmalignant proliferation of prostatic tissue.While BPH exhibits a high prevalence among older male populations globally,the precise underlying mechanisms contributing to its development remain incompletely elucidated.Mitochondria,essential organelles within eukaryotic cells,are critical for cellular bioenergetics,the regulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,and the modulation of cell death pathways.The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis involves a complex interplay of processes.By synthesizing previous literature,this review discusses mitochondrial homeostasis in prostate glands and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of BPH.Furthermore,the review delved into each dimension of mitochondrial dysfunction in the specific etiology of BPH,highlighting its impact on cell survival,apoptosis,ferroptosis,oxidative stress and androgen receptor(AR).Overall,this review aims to unveil the crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and BPH and identify intrinsic mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22073018,No.22377015).
文摘Intrinsically disordered proteins(IDPs)and their regions(IDRs)play crucial roles in cellular func-tions despite their lack of stable three-dimensional structures.In this study,we investigate the interac-tions between the C-terminal do-main of protein 4.1G(4.1G CTD)and the nuclear mitotic apparatus protein(NuMA)under varying pH and salt ion conditions to under-stand the regulatory mechanisms affecting their binding.4.1G CTD and NuMA bind effec-tively under neutral and alkaline conditions,but their interaction is disrupted under acidic conditions(pH 3.6).The protonation of positively charged residues at the C-terminal of 4.1G CTD under acidic conditions leads to increased electrostatic repulsion,weakening the overall binding free energy.Secondary structure analysis shows that specific regions of 4.1G CTD re-main stable under both pH conditions,but the C-terminal region(aa 990−1000)and the N-terminal region of NuMA(aa 1800−1810)exhibit significant reductions in secondary struc-ture probability under acidic conditions.Contact map analysis and solvent-accessible surface area analysis further support these findings by showing a reduced contact probability be-tween these regions under pH 3.6.These results provide a comprehensive understanding of how pH and ionic strength regulate the binding dynamics of 4.1G CTD and NuMA,emphasiz-ing the regulatory role of electrostatic interactions.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51308105)
文摘A newnumerical method based on vector form intrinsic finite element（VFIFE） is proposed to simulate the integral lifting process of steel structures. First, in order to verify the validity of the VFIFE method, taking the steel gallery between the integrated building and the attached building of Nanjing M obile Communication Buildings for example, the static analysis was carried out and the corresponding results were compared with the results achieved by the traditional finite element method. Then, according to the characteristics of dynamic construction of steel structure integral lifting, the tension cable element was employed to simulate the behavior of dynamic construction. The VFIFE method avoids the iterative solution of the stiffness matrix and the singularity problems. Therefore, it is simple to simulate the complete process of steel structure lifting construction.Finally, by using the VFIFE, the displacement and internal force time history curves of the steel structures under different lifting speeds are obtained. The results show that the lifting speed has influence on the lifting force, the internal force, and the displacement of the structure. In the case of normal lifting speed, the dynamic magnification factor of 1. 5 is safe and reasonable for practical application.
文摘A series of microcrystalline silicon thin films were fabricated by very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition （VHF-PECVD） at different silane concentrations in a P chamber. Through analysis of the structural and electrical properties of these materials,we conclude that the photosensitivity slightly decreased then increased as the silane concentration increased,while the crystalline volume fraction indicates the opposite change. Results of XRD indicate that thin films have a （220） preferable orientation under certain conditions. Microcrystalline silicon solar cells with conversion efficiency 4. 7% and micromorph tandem solar cells 8.5% were fabricated by VHF-PECVD （p layer and i layer of microcrystalline silicon solar cells were deposited in P chamber）, respectively.
文摘Aim To study the relationships between average molecular mass and intrinsic viscosity of polyanhydrides. Methods With chloroform as solvent and petroleum ether as the precipitating agent polyanhydride was separated into a series of grades with different average molecular mass. The absolute average molecular mass (M) and intrinsic viscosity ([]) of every grade were measured. Results and Conclusion The relationships between [] and M of three typical polyanhydrides were obtained from bi-logarithm coordinate plotting of [] versus M.
