In the realm of video understanding,the demand for accurate and contextually rich video captioning has surged with the increasing volume and complexity of multimedia content.This research introduces an innovative solu...In the realm of video understanding,the demand for accurate and contextually rich video captioning has surged with the increasing volume and complexity of multimedia content.This research introduces an innovative solution for video captioning by integrating a Convolutional BiLSTM Convolutional Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)constructed Variational Sequence-to-Sequence(CBVSS)approach.The proposed framework is adept at capturing intricate temporal dependencies within video sequences,enabling a more nuanced and contextually relevant description of dynamic scenes.However,optimizing its parameters for improved performance remains a crucial challenge.In response,in this research Golden Eagle Optimization(GEO)a metaheuristic optimization technique is used to fine-tune the Convolutional BiLSTM variational sequence-to-sequence model parameters.The application of GEO aims to enhancing the CBVSS ability to produce more exact and contextually rich video captions.The proposed attains an overall higher Recall of 59.75%and Precision of 63.78%for both datasets.Additionally,the proposed CBVSS method demonstrated superior performance across both datasets,achieving the highest METEOR(25.67)and CIDER(39.87)scores on the ActivityNet dataset,and further outperforming all compared models on the YouCook2 dataset with METEOR(28.67)and CIDER(43.02),highlighting its effectiveness in generating semantically rich and contextually accurate video captions.展开更多
The successful application in drilling for HK simple weathered granite foundation has revealed its further use in instru- mented drilling system as a ground investigation tool in the detection of other lithology forma...The successful application in drilling for HK simple weathered granite foundation has revealed its further use in instru- mented drilling system as a ground investigation tool in the detection of other lithology formations, geohazards, underground water, and boundary of orebody. To expand the further use and test the accuracy in identification of formation, an R-20 rotary-hydraulic drill rig was instrumented with a digital drilling process monitoring system （DPM） for drilling in an intricate decomposed granite site. In this test ground, the boreholes revealed that the weathered granite alternately changes between moderate and strong. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the penetrating parameters, indicates the effective thrust force, rotary speed, flushing pressure, penetrating rate, and displacement of the bit fluctuate at ground interfaces. It shows that the parameters get a good response with the change of rock strength at the interfaces, which can reveal the change of the intricate granite formation. Besides, a variable-slope method has been established, for identification of dominative and subsidiary interfaces in the granite site. The result from a t-test shows that the confi- dence of the instrumented drilling system in identification of the geotechnical interfaces is up to 99%.展开更多
By retaining up to 30%of the global soil carbon storage(an esti-mated 600 Gt C of peat carbon)despite occupying only 3%of Earth’s terrestrial area,peatlands constitute the largest carbon stock in the entire terrestri...By retaining up to 30%of the global soil carbon storage(an esti-mated 600 Gt C of peat carbon)despite occupying only 3%of Earth’s terrestrial area,peatlands constitute the largest carbon stock in the entire terrestrial biosphere and thus play an important role in global carbon cycling and the Earth’s climate system.This huge peat carbon stock accumulated over millennial timescales due to the inundated conditions in peatlands impairing decompo-sition.Their carbon sequestration is expected to mitigate climate change.It has been extensively discussed in the academic sphere and reported by media coverage of recent events such as COP29 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)and COP16 of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD).However,the stability of peat carbon storage is threatened by ever-intensified global change,which can shift peatlands from a carbon sink to a carbon source.Therefore,a key priority for sus-taining soil carbon under the global goal of carbon neutrality lies in protecting peatlands,and the first step in ensuring that protection lies in understanding the mechanisms underlying peat carbon sta-bilization and preservation.展开更多
When one steps inside Caoxian’s Youai Cloud Warehouse,a livestreaming base dedicated to hanfu,it feels less like a clothing warehouse and more like a time capsule.Thousands of intricately embroidered garments line th...When one steps inside Caoxian’s Youai Cloud Warehouse,a livestreaming base dedicated to hanfu,it feels less like a clothing warehouse and more like a time capsule.Thousands of intricately embroidered garments line the racks-from elegant horse-face skirts to modernised editions of traditional Chinese clothing.展开更多
Flexible devices are increasingly crucial in various aspects of our lives,including healthcare devices and humanmachine interface systems,revolutionizing human life.As technology evolves rapidly,there is a high demand...Flexible devices are increasingly crucial in various aspects of our lives,including healthcare devices and humanmachine interface systems,revolutionizing human life.As technology evolves rapidly,there is a high demand for innovative manufacturing methods that enable rapid prototyping of custom and multifunctional flexible devices with high quality.Recently,digital light processing(DLP)3D printing has emerged as a promising manufacturing approach due to its capabilities of creating intricate customized structures,high fabrication speed,low-cost technology and widespread adoption.This review provides a state-of-the-art overview of the recent advances in the creation of flexible devices using DLP printing,with a focus on soft actuators,flexible sensors and flexible energy devices.We emphasize how DLP printing and the development of DLP printable materials enhance the structural design,sensitivity,mechanical performance,and overall functionality of these devices.Finally,we discuss the challenges and perspectives associated with DLP-printed flexible devices.We anticipate that the continued advancements in DLP printing will foster the development of smarter flexible devices,shortening the design-to-manufacturing cycles.展开更多
Dr.Kai Lei Dr.Dasaradhi Palakodeti Dr.Hanh Vu Westlake University,China Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine,India European Molecular Biology Laboratory,Germany In the realm of regenerative biolog...Dr.Kai Lei Dr.Dasaradhi Palakodeti Dr.Hanh Vu Westlake University,China Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine,India European Molecular Biology Laboratory,Germany In the realm of regenerative biology,deciphering the intricate mechanisms that govern regeneration from the cellular level to tissue and whole organisms,remains a central challenge.This thematic series provides a critical framework for studying and reviewing the complex interplay of regulatory processes across biological scales.This series emphasizes that regeneration across the scales is not a mere cellular response but a highly coordinated cascade of events,encompassing intracellular signaling,spatial organization,and organismal scaling.This series highlights the interconnected nature of these mechanisms,offering a roadmap for advancing regenerative medicine and deeper understanding of developmental biology.展开更多
In the realm of regenerative biology,deciphering the intricate mechanisms that govern regeneration from the cellular level to tissue and whole organisms,remains a central challenge.This thematic series provides a crit...In the realm of regenerative biology,deciphering the intricate mechanisms that govern regeneration from the cellular level to tissue and whole organisms,remains a central challenge.This thematic series provides a critical framework for studying and reviewing the complex interplay of regulatory processes across biological scales.展开更多
1 The Global Polycrisis The world is in the midst of a polycrisis,where multiple,interconnected crises are unfolding simultaneously,amplifying one another in unpredictable ways.This is not merely a confluence of indep...1 The Global Polycrisis The world is in the midst of a polycrisis,where multiple,interconnected crises are unfolding simultaneously,amplifying one another in unpredictable ways.This is not merely a confluence of independent crises,but rather an intricate web of interconnected challenges that collectively pose an unprecedented threat to human civilization and ecological systems.The interconnections between these risks,their geographical reach,and ability to exacerbate one another,have created a world of global systemic risk that is more serious,in terms of scale and severity,than risks we have encountered before.展开更多
Quantum computing has grown substantially over the past four decades,but whether it can outperform classical methods in practical use remains uncertain[1].Fluid dynamics simulation,challenging in classical physics but...Quantum computing has grown substantially over the past four decades,but whether it can outperform classical methods in practical use remains uncertain[1].Fluid dynamics simulation,challenging in classical physics but vital for applications,is a potential area for showcasing quantum advantage.The quantum computing for fluid dynamics(QCFD)[2]is expected to efficiently simulate intricate turbulent flows with high Reynolds numbers.This capability is crucial for critical applications,including aircraft design and weather forecast.展开更多
Wave mixing and the intricate optical interactions therein have traditionally been regarded as hallmarks of nonlinear optics.A quintessential example of wave mixing lies in the nonlocal triple correlation between the ...Wave mixing and the intricate optical interactions therein have traditionally been regarded as hallmarks of nonlinear optics.A quintessential example of wave mixing lies in the nonlocal triple correlation between the pump beam and the generated twin photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion(SPDC).However,the SPDC process typically requires intense laser pumping and suffers from inherently low conversion efficiencies,necessitating single-photon detection.In this work,we establish that analogous triple correlations can be effectively produced using low-power continuous-wave illumination,achieved through a commercially available spatial light modulator(SLM)in a linear optical configuration.Specifically,we show how to spatially manipulate and customize this triple correlation and further investigate the applicability across diverse domains,including pattern recognition,intelligent nonlocal image processing,and sensitivity-enhanced optical metrology.Our findings establish,to our knowledge,a novel framework for classical,linear emulation of quantum and nonlinear optical information processing paradigms rooted in multi-wave mixing.展开更多
Accurately reconstructing the intricate structure of natural organisms is the long-standing goal of 3-dimensional(3D)bioprinting.Projection-based 3D printing boasts the highest resolution-to-manufacturing time ratio a...Accurately reconstructing the intricate structure of natural organisms is the long-standing goal of 3-dimensional(3D)bioprinting.Projection-based 3D printing boasts the highest resolution-to-manufacturing time ratio among all 3D-printing technologies,rendering it a highly promising technique in this field.However,achieving standardized,high-fidelity,and high-resolution printing of composite structures using bioinks with diverse mechanical properties remains a marked challenge.The root of this challenge lies in the long-standing neglect of multi-material printability research.Multi-material printing is far from a simple physical assembly of different materials;rather,effective control of material interfaces is a crucial factor that governs print quality.The current research gap in this area substantively hinders the widespread application and rapid development of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting.To bridge this critical gap,we developed a multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinter capable of simultaneous printing with 6 materials.Building upon this,we established a fundamental framework for multi-material printability research,encompassing its core logic and essential process specifications.Furthermore,we clarified several critical issues,including the cross-linking behavior of multicomponent bioinks,mechanical mismatch and interface strength in soft-hard composite structures,the penetration behavior of viscous bioinks within hydrogel polymer networks,liquid entrapment and adsorption phenomena in porous heterogeneous structures,and error source analysis along with resolution evaluation in multi-material printing.This study offers a solid theoretical foundation and guidance for the quantitative assessment of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting,holding promise to advance the field toward higher precision and the reconstruction of more intricate biological structures.展开更多
INTRODUCTION The manufacturing industry has evolved from traditional forging and cutting to three-dimensional(3D)printing,a revolutionary technology that expands human imagination by creating everything of complex sha...INTRODUCTION The manufacturing industry has evolved from traditional forging and cutting to three-dimensional(3D)printing,a revolutionary technology that expands human imagination by creating everything of complex shapes and intricate structures,making it a cornerstone of smart manufacturing.1 However,conventional fabrications may encounter bottlenecks that seriously restrict their printing across different inks,ambient,and post-processing.Adapting existing 3D printing methods to produce target functional components on diverse working media,therefore,requires significant adjustments.As highly adaptable 3D printing inks,liquid metals(LMs)open large spaces to address such challenges due to their versatile capabilities,such as fluidities,conductivities,easy solid-liquid transitions,and more.Although continuous efforts are being increasingly made in LM printing in different media,2 there is still no generalized methodology or concept proposed to unite all LM 3D printing techniques,inks,and media together.To achieve this intriguing target,here we present a unified 3D printing concept,termed pan-media liquid metal 3D printing,to manufacture customized end-user devices as desired.Pan-media 3D printing means that it is able to administrate printing with any ink and any working ambient,from gases and liquids to soft matters,bio-tissues,and rigid media,transcending the boundaries of traditional printing environments.Particularly,with intentionally introduced physical or chemical processing between LM inks and ambient,pan-media LM 3D printing could achieve a much wider variety of 3D object and targeted functions over existing approaches.By synthesizing the pan-media theory of LM 3D printing,we prospect a pan-media manufacturing center equipped with functional ink storage,media library,printing head system,and control units,all integrated to fully address the desired printing tasks.展开更多
The complexity of multi-dimensional optical wave dynamics arises from the introduction of multiple degrees of freedom and their intricate interactions.In comparison to multimode spatiotemporal mode-locked solitons,exp...The complexity of multi-dimensional optical wave dynamics arises from the introduction of multiple degrees of freedom and their intricate interactions.In comparison to multimode spatiotemporal mode-locked solitons,expanding the wavelength dimension is also crucial for studying the dynamics of multi-dimensional solitons,with simpler characterization techniques。展开更多
文摘In the realm of video understanding,the demand for accurate and contextually rich video captioning has surged with the increasing volume and complexity of multimedia content.This research introduces an innovative solution for video captioning by integrating a Convolutional BiLSTM Convolutional Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)constructed Variational Sequence-to-Sequence(CBVSS)approach.The proposed framework is adept at capturing intricate temporal dependencies within video sequences,enabling a more nuanced and contextually relevant description of dynamic scenes.However,optimizing its parameters for improved performance remains a crucial challenge.In response,in this research Golden Eagle Optimization(GEO)a metaheuristic optimization technique is used to fine-tune the Convolutional BiLSTM variational sequence-to-sequence model parameters.The application of GEO aims to enhancing the CBVSS ability to produce more exact and contextually rich video captions.The proposed attains an overall higher Recall of 59.75%and Precision of 63.78%for both datasets.Additionally,the proposed CBVSS method demonstrated superior performance across both datasets,achieving the highest METEOR(25.67)and CIDER(39.87)scores on the ActivityNet dataset,and further outperforming all compared models on the YouCook2 dataset with METEOR(28.67)and CIDER(43.02),highlighting its effectiveness in generating semantically rich and contextually accurate video captions.
基金the Research Grant Council of HKSAP Government and Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust(No.HKU7005/01E).
文摘The successful application in drilling for HK simple weathered granite foundation has revealed its further use in instru- mented drilling system as a ground investigation tool in the detection of other lithology formations, geohazards, underground water, and boundary of orebody. To expand the further use and test the accuracy in identification of formation, an R-20 rotary-hydraulic drill rig was instrumented with a digital drilling process monitoring system （DPM） for drilling in an intricate decomposed granite site. In this test ground, the boreholes revealed that the weathered granite alternately changes between moderate and strong. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the penetrating parameters, indicates the effective thrust force, rotary speed, flushing pressure, penetrating rate, and displacement of the bit fluctuate at ground interfaces. It shows that the parameters get a good response with the change of rock strength at the interfaces, which can reveal the change of the intricate granite formation. Besides, a variable-slope method has been established, for identification of dominative and subsidiary interfaces in the granite site. The result from a t-test shows that the confi- dence of the instrumented drilling system in identification of the geotechnical interfaces is up to 99%.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF0808703)the Interna-tional Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(069GJHZ2023013GC)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42111530125)the International Exchanges Cost Share 2020 China(NSFC)award.
文摘By retaining up to 30%of the global soil carbon storage(an esti-mated 600 Gt C of peat carbon)despite occupying only 3%of Earth’s terrestrial area,peatlands constitute the largest carbon stock in the entire terrestrial biosphere and thus play an important role in global carbon cycling and the Earth’s climate system.This huge peat carbon stock accumulated over millennial timescales due to the inundated conditions in peatlands impairing decompo-sition.Their carbon sequestration is expected to mitigate climate change.It has been extensively discussed in the academic sphere and reported by media coverage of recent events such as COP29 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)and COP16 of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD).However,the stability of peat carbon storage is threatened by ever-intensified global change,which can shift peatlands from a carbon sink to a carbon source.Therefore,a key priority for sus-taining soil carbon under the global goal of carbon neutrality lies in protecting peatlands,and the first step in ensuring that protection lies in understanding the mechanisms underlying peat carbon sta-bilization and preservation.
文摘When one steps inside Caoxian’s Youai Cloud Warehouse,a livestreaming base dedicated to hanfu,it feels less like a clothing warehouse and more like a time capsule.Thousands of intricately embroidered garments line the racks-from elegant horse-face skirts to modernised editions of traditional Chinese clothing.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0119/2022/A3 and 0009/2023/ITP1)the Research Grant from the University of Macao and the University of Macao Development Foundation(SRG2022-00038-FST and MYRG-GRG2023-00225-FST-UMDF).
文摘Flexible devices are increasingly crucial in various aspects of our lives,including healthcare devices and humanmachine interface systems,revolutionizing human life.As technology evolves rapidly,there is a high demand for innovative manufacturing methods that enable rapid prototyping of custom and multifunctional flexible devices with high quality.Recently,digital light processing(DLP)3D printing has emerged as a promising manufacturing approach due to its capabilities of creating intricate customized structures,high fabrication speed,low-cost technology and widespread adoption.This review provides a state-of-the-art overview of the recent advances in the creation of flexible devices using DLP printing,with a focus on soft actuators,flexible sensors and flexible energy devices.We emphasize how DLP printing and the development of DLP printable materials enhance the structural design,sensitivity,mechanical performance,and overall functionality of these devices.Finally,we discuss the challenges and perspectives associated with DLP-printed flexible devices.We anticipate that the continued advancements in DLP printing will foster the development of smarter flexible devices,shortening the design-to-manufacturing cycles.
文摘Dr.Kai Lei Dr.Dasaradhi Palakodeti Dr.Hanh Vu Westlake University,China Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine,India European Molecular Biology Laboratory,Germany In the realm of regenerative biology,deciphering the intricate mechanisms that govern regeneration from the cellular level to tissue and whole organisms,remains a central challenge.This thematic series provides a critical framework for studying and reviewing the complex interplay of regulatory processes across biological scales.This series emphasizes that regeneration across the scales is not a mere cellular response but a highly coordinated cascade of events,encompassing intracellular signaling,spatial organization,and organismal scaling.This series highlights the interconnected nature of these mechanisms,offering a roadmap for advancing regenerative medicine and deeper understanding of developmental biology.
文摘In the realm of regenerative biology,deciphering the intricate mechanisms that govern regeneration from the cellular level to tissue and whole organisms,remains a central challenge.This thematic series provides a critical framework for studying and reviewing the complex interplay of regulatory processes across biological scales.
文摘1 The Global Polycrisis The world is in the midst of a polycrisis,where multiple,interconnected crises are unfolding simultaneously,amplifying one another in unpredictable ways.This is not merely a confluence of independent crises,but rather an intricate web of interconnected challenges that collectively pose an unprecedented threat to human civilization and ecological systems.The interconnections between these risks,their geographical reach,and ability to exacerbate one another,have created a world of global systemic risk that is more serious,in terms of scale and severity,than risks we have encountered before.
文摘Quantum computing has grown substantially over the past four decades,but whether it can outperform classical methods in practical use remains uncertain[1].Fluid dynamics simulation,challenging in classical physics but vital for applications,is a potential area for showcasing quantum advantage.The quantum computing for fluid dynamics(QCFD)[2]is expected to efficiently simulate intricate turbulent flows with high Reynolds numbers.This capability is crucial for critical applications,including aircraft design and weather forecast.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12274037,11735005,11654003,61675028)Science and Technology Development Fund from Macao SAR(FDCT)(0105/2023/RIA2)Interdiscipline Research Funds of Beijing Normal University。
文摘Wave mixing and the intricate optical interactions therein have traditionally been regarded as hallmarks of nonlinear optics.A quintessential example of wave mixing lies in the nonlocal triple correlation between the pump beam and the generated twin photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion(SPDC).However,the SPDC process typically requires intense laser pumping and suffers from inherently low conversion efficiencies,necessitating single-photon detection.In this work,we establish that analogous triple correlations can be effectively produced using low-power continuous-wave illumination,achieved through a commercially available spatial light modulator(SLM)in a linear optical configuration.Specifically,we show how to spatially manipulate and customize this triple correlation and further investigate the applicability across diverse domains,including pattern recognition,intelligent nonlocal image processing,and sensitivity-enhanced optical metrology.Our findings establish,to our knowledge,a novel framework for classical,linear emulation of quantum and nonlinear optical information processing paradigms rooted in multi-wave mixing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:52235007,T2121004,52325504,and 2021YFC2501800)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang(2024SSYS0027).
文摘Accurately reconstructing the intricate structure of natural organisms is the long-standing goal of 3-dimensional(3D)bioprinting.Projection-based 3D printing boasts the highest resolution-to-manufacturing time ratio among all 3D-printing technologies,rendering it a highly promising technique in this field.However,achieving standardized,high-fidelity,and high-resolution printing of composite structures using bioinks with diverse mechanical properties remains a marked challenge.The root of this challenge lies in the long-standing neglect of multi-material printability research.Multi-material printing is far from a simple physical assembly of different materials;rather,effective control of material interfaces is a crucial factor that governs print quality.The current research gap in this area substantively hinders the widespread application and rapid development of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting.To bridge this critical gap,we developed a multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinter capable of simultaneous printing with 6 materials.Building upon this,we established a fundamental framework for multi-material printability research,encompassing its core logic and essential process specifications.Furthermore,we clarified several critical issues,including the cross-linking behavior of multicomponent bioinks,mechanical mismatch and interface strength in soft-hard composite structures,the penetration behavior of viscous bioinks within hydrogel polymer networks,liquid entrapment and adsorption phenomena in porous heterogeneous structures,and error source analysis along with resolution evaluation in multi-material printing.This study offers a solid theoretical foundation and guidance for the quantitative assessment of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting,holding promise to advance the field toward higher precision and the reconstruction of more intricate biological structures.
基金partially supported by the Beijing National Science Foundation(L212064)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.51890893).
文摘INTRODUCTION The manufacturing industry has evolved from traditional forging and cutting to three-dimensional(3D)printing,a revolutionary technology that expands human imagination by creating everything of complex shapes and intricate structures,making it a cornerstone of smart manufacturing.1 However,conventional fabrications may encounter bottlenecks that seriously restrict their printing across different inks,ambient,and post-processing.Adapting existing 3D printing methods to produce target functional components on diverse working media,therefore,requires significant adjustments.As highly adaptable 3D printing inks,liquid metals(LMs)open large spaces to address such challenges due to their versatile capabilities,such as fluidities,conductivities,easy solid-liquid transitions,and more.Although continuous efforts are being increasingly made in LM printing in different media,2 there is still no generalized methodology or concept proposed to unite all LM 3D printing techniques,inks,and media together.To achieve this intriguing target,here we present a unified 3D printing concept,termed pan-media liquid metal 3D printing,to manufacture customized end-user devices as desired.Pan-media 3D printing means that it is able to administrate printing with any ink and any working ambient,from gases and liquids to soft matters,bio-tissues,and rigid media,transcending the boundaries of traditional printing environments.Particularly,with intentionally introduced physical or chemical processing between LM inks and ambient,pan-media LM 3D printing could achieve a much wider variety of 3D object and targeted functions over existing approaches.By synthesizing the pan-media theory of LM 3D printing,we prospect a pan-media manufacturing center equipped with functional ink storage,media library,printing head system,and control units,all integrated to fully address the desired printing tasks.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12274238, 62205159, 61835006)Special Project for Cooperation in Basic Research of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei (21JCZXJC00010)
文摘The complexity of multi-dimensional optical wave dynamics arises from the introduction of multiple degrees of freedom and their intricate interactions.In comparison to multimode spatiotemporal mode-locked solitons,expanding the wavelength dimension is also crucial for studying the dynamics of multi-dimensional solitons,with simpler characterization techniques。
