Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan of worldwide distribution and the agent of toxoplasmosis.It is estimated that 30%–50%of the world population could be infected with this parasite.Although the infection in immunocompe...Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan of worldwide distribution and the agent of toxoplasmosis.It is estimated that 30%–50%of the world population could be infected with this parasite.Although the infection in immunocompetent individuals is mostly asymptomatic,the disease in immunosuppressed and pregnant is a risk condition.As a member of the phylum Apicomplexa,T.gondii has an obligatory intracellular lifestyle;therefore,invading a host cell and establishing it inside a parasitophorous vacuole(PV)are mandatories for the survival of this parasite.The construction of a perfect intracellular niche for T.gondii requires the secretion of an arsenal of proteins from unique secretory organelles.These proteins will remodel the vacuolar environment and the host cell organization and functions,allowing the parasite to access essential nutrients and stay“invisible”inside a host cell.In the present review,we will discuss the main steps involved in the PV formation and its differentiation to tissue cyst,focusing mainly on the strategies employed in the acquisition of nutrients and proteins involved in host cell modification.展开更多
Coxiella burnetii,the etiological agent of Q fever,is a significant intracellular bacterial pathogen.C.burnetii is a highly infectious pathogen that primarily targets pulmonary alveolar macrophages during natural infe...Coxiella burnetii,the etiological agent of Q fever,is a significant intracellular bacterial pathogen.C.burnetii is a highly infectious pathogen that primarily targets pulmonary alveolar macrophages during natural infection.It can then disseminate to macrophages in other tissues and organs,leading to chronic infections.C.burnetii is capable of infecting a variety of cultured cells,including primary macrophages,macrophage-like cells,epithelial cells,and fibroblasts.The virulence of C.burnetii is entirely dependent on the Dot/Icm type IVB secretion system(T4BSS),which delivers effectors into infected cells to modulate cellular pathways for the biogenesis of the Coxiella-containing vacuole that supports its intracellular replication.A deeper understanding of how C.burnetii exploits host cell processes is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies to combat infections caused by this important pathogen.This review summarizes the historical milestones and recent advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the C.burnetii Dot/Icm system and its effectors.展开更多
文摘Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan of worldwide distribution and the agent of toxoplasmosis.It is estimated that 30%–50%of the world population could be infected with this parasite.Although the infection in immunocompetent individuals is mostly asymptomatic,the disease in immunosuppressed and pregnant is a risk condition.As a member of the phylum Apicomplexa,T.gondii has an obligatory intracellular lifestyle;therefore,invading a host cell and establishing it inside a parasitophorous vacuole(PV)are mandatories for the survival of this parasite.The construction of a perfect intracellular niche for T.gondii requires the secretion of an arsenal of proteins from unique secretory organelles.These proteins will remodel the vacuolar environment and the host cell organization and functions,allowing the parasite to access essential nutrients and stay“invisible”inside a host cell.In the present review,we will discuss the main steps involved in the PV formation and its differentiation to tissue cyst,focusing mainly on the strategies employed in the acquisition of nutrients and proteins involved in host cell modification.
基金supported by the grants from the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province(YDZJ202501ZYTS094)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200141)+2 种基金the Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20240402013GH)Technology Development Project of Changchun City(23YQ10)The Bethune Project of Jilin University(2024B20).
文摘Coxiella burnetii,the etiological agent of Q fever,is a significant intracellular bacterial pathogen.C.burnetii is a highly infectious pathogen that primarily targets pulmonary alveolar macrophages during natural infection.It can then disseminate to macrophages in other tissues and organs,leading to chronic infections.C.burnetii is capable of infecting a variety of cultured cells,including primary macrophages,macrophage-like cells,epithelial cells,and fibroblasts.The virulence of C.burnetii is entirely dependent on the Dot/Icm type IVB secretion system(T4BSS),which delivers effectors into infected cells to modulate cellular pathways for the biogenesis of the Coxiella-containing vacuole that supports its intracellular replication.A deeper understanding of how C.burnetii exploits host cell processes is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies to combat infections caused by this important pathogen.This review summarizes the historical milestones and recent advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the C.burnetii Dot/Icm system and its effectors.
