We propose an arbitrary controlled-unitary （CU） gate and a bidirectional quantum teleportation （BQTP） scheme. The proposed CU gate utilizes photonic qubits （photons） with cross-Kerr nonlinearities （XKNLs）, X-h...We propose an arbitrary controlled-unitary （CU） gate and a bidirectional quantum teleportation （BQTP） scheme. The proposed CU gate utilizes photonic qubits （photons） with cross-Kerr nonlinearities （XKNLs）, X-homodyne detectors, and linear optical elements, and consists of the consecutive operation of a controlled-path （C-path） gate and a gathering-path （G- path） gate. It is almost deterministic and feasible with current technology when a strong coherent state and weak XKNLs are employed. Based on the CU gate, we present a BQTP scheme that simultaneously teleports two unknown photons between distant users by transmitting only one photon in a path-polarization intra-particle hybrid entangled state. Consequently, it is possible to experimentally implement BQTP with a certain success probability using the proposed CU gate.展开更多
The transient heat transfer behaviours in a packed bed have been studied using coupled computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and discrete element method(DEM).Intra-particle thermal diffusion,which is a crucial but rarely e...The transient heat transfer behaviours in a packed bed have been studied using coupled computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and discrete element method(DEM).Intra-particle thermal diffusion,which is a crucial but rarely explored issue,is considered by introducing a one-dimensional diffusion equation in the DEM solver.To achieve a sufficiently long physical time of simulations,we further reduce the computational cost by applying periodic boundary condition to a small segment of the packed bed.Our study demonstrates a shifting peak heat flow rate from the bottom to the top of the packed bed during the initial warming phase.We affirm that the influence of thermal diffusion within a particle is noteworthy only for particles exhibiting a high Biot number(e.g.,Bi=1.2).This insight enriches our understanding of heat transfer mechanisms in packed beds and their practical engineering applications.展开更多
The adsorption properties, including the adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics and kinetics, of 1-amino-2- naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (1,2,4-acid) onto weakly basic resin ND900 are investigated. Both the Langmuir and Fre...The adsorption properties, including the adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics and kinetics, of 1-amino-2- naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (1,2,4-acid) onto weakly basic resin ND900 are investigated. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich equations can give a good fit to the adsorption isotherms, which indicates an endothermic and a favorable adsorption in our study range. A high yield in elimination of about 45.21 %-97.28% is obtained for the tested adsorption systems. The capacity and affinity of the adsorption increase with temperature, due to the phenomena of 'solvent-motivated' effects. The value of is 51.59 kJ/mol, which indicates a chemical adsorption and then expects the poor desorption property of ND900. The negative value of indicates the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process, and the positive value of shows the increased randomness at the solid/solution interface during the adsorption process. The value of the adsorption rate constant lower than 0.013 min-1 is indicative of a slow adsorption rate. The intra-particle diffusion must be one of the rate limiting steps.展开更多
Rate capability,peak power,and energy density are of vital importance for the capacitive energy storage(CES)of electrochemical energy devices.The frequency response analysis(FRA)is regarded as an efficient tool in stu...Rate capability,peak power,and energy density are of vital importance for the capacitive energy storage(CES)of electrochemical energy devices.The frequency response analysis(FRA)is regarded as an efficient tool in studying the CES.In the present work,a bi-scale impedance transmission line model(TLM)is firstly developed for a single pore to a porous electrode.Not only the TLM of the single pore is reparameterized but also the particle packing compactness is defined in the bi-scale.Subsequently,the CES properties are identified by FRA,focused on rate capability vs.characteristic frequency,peak power vs.equivalent series resistance,and energy density vs.low frequency limiting capacitance for a single pore to a porous electrode.Based on these relationships,the CES properties are numerically simulated and theoretically predicted for a single pore to a porous electrode in terms of intra-particle pore length,intra-particle pore diameter,inter-particle pore diameter,electrolyte conductivity,interfacial capacitance&exponent factor,electrode thickness,electrode apparent surface area,and particle packing compactness.Finally,the experimental diagnosis of four supercapacitors(SCs)with different electrode thicknesses is conducted for validating the bi-scale TLM and gaining an insight into the CES properties for a porous electrode to a single pore.The calculating results suggest,to some extent,the inter-particle pore plays a more critical role than the intra-particle pore in the CES properties such as the rate capability and the peak power density for a single pore to a porous electrode.Hence,in order to design a better porous electrode,more attention should be given to the inter-particle pore.展开更多
Cyclone pyrolyzer is a novel type of downer that combines centrifugal force field and double-layer cyclone vortex.Research on transfer behavior is helpful to optimize the pyrolyzer to meet the needs of pyrolysis.In th...Cyclone pyrolyzer is a novel type of downer that combines centrifugal force field and double-layer cyclone vortex.Research on transfer behavior is helpful to optimize the pyrolyzer to meet the needs of pyrolysis.In this study,the Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics(CPFD)model is used to analyze the transfer behavior of binary particles,and finds that the swirl and reaction have a synergistic effect.This effect can increase the heating rate of the particles to the range of flash pyrolysis,and its mechanism lies in the flow field structure of the pyrolyzer.Due to the centrifugal force field,the particles gather to the near wall.The rapid swirl,which facilitates intense gas-solid heat transfer,leads to the rapid heating and pyrolysis of biomass particles.As the pyrolysis proceeds,the mass of the biomass particles becomes smaller and they are more easily affected by the gas flow in pyrolyzer.Under the action of gas flow,char particles serve as new heat carrier to form the inner cycle of particles,which strengthens the heating process.The pyrolysis products are discharged from the exhaust port in time with the flow field of the pyrolyzer to achieve separation from the heat carrier and inhibit the occurrence of secondary reactions.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning,Korea,under the C-ITRC(Convergence Information Technology Research Center)Support program(NIPA-2013-H0301-13-3007)supervised by the National IT Industry Promotion Agency
文摘We propose an arbitrary controlled-unitary （CU） gate and a bidirectional quantum teleportation （BQTP） scheme. The proposed CU gate utilizes photonic qubits （photons） with cross-Kerr nonlinearities （XKNLs）, X-homodyne detectors, and linear optical elements, and consists of the consecutive operation of a controlled-path （C-path） gate and a gathering-path （G- path） gate. It is almost deterministic and feasible with current technology when a strong coherent state and weak XKNLs are employed. Based on the CU gate, we present a BQTP scheme that simultaneously teleports two unknown photons between distant users by transmitting only one photon in a path-polarization intra-particle hybrid entangled state. Consequently, it is possible to experimentally implement BQTP with a certain success probability using the proposed CU gate.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.51906011)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant No.YWF-23-L-1151).
文摘The transient heat transfer behaviours in a packed bed have been studied using coupled computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and discrete element method(DEM).Intra-particle thermal diffusion,which is a crucial but rarely explored issue,is considered by introducing a one-dimensional diffusion equation in the DEM solver.To achieve a sufficiently long physical time of simulations,we further reduce the computational cost by applying periodic boundary condition to a small segment of the packed bed.Our study demonstrates a shifting peak heat flow rate from the bottom to the top of the packed bed during the initial warming phase.We affirm that the influence of thermal diffusion within a particle is noteworthy only for particles exhibiting a high Biot number(e.g.,Bi=1.2).This insight enriches our understanding of heat transfer mechanisms in packed beds and their practical engineering applications.
基金The work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20274017)
文摘The adsorption properties, including the adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics and kinetics, of 1-amino-2- naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (1,2,4-acid) onto weakly basic resin ND900 are investigated. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich equations can give a good fit to the adsorption isotherms, which indicates an endothermic and a favorable adsorption in our study range. A high yield in elimination of about 45.21 %-97.28% is obtained for the tested adsorption systems. The capacity and affinity of the adsorption increase with temperature, due to the phenomena of 'solvent-motivated' effects. The value of is 51.59 kJ/mol, which indicates a chemical adsorption and then expects the poor desorption property of ND900. The negative value of indicates the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process, and the positive value of shows the increased randomness at the solid/solution interface during the adsorption process. The value of the adsorption rate constant lower than 0.013 min-1 is indicative of a slow adsorption rate. The intra-particle diffusion must be one of the rate limiting steps.
基金financial support from the National Science Foundation of China(22078190)the National Key R&D Plan of China(2020YFB1505802)。
文摘Rate capability,peak power,and energy density are of vital importance for the capacitive energy storage(CES)of electrochemical energy devices.The frequency response analysis(FRA)is regarded as an efficient tool in studying the CES.In the present work,a bi-scale impedance transmission line model(TLM)is firstly developed for a single pore to a porous electrode.Not only the TLM of the single pore is reparameterized but also the particle packing compactness is defined in the bi-scale.Subsequently,the CES properties are identified by FRA,focused on rate capability vs.characteristic frequency,peak power vs.equivalent series resistance,and energy density vs.low frequency limiting capacitance for a single pore to a porous electrode.Based on these relationships,the CES properties are numerically simulated and theoretically predicted for a single pore to a porous electrode in terms of intra-particle pore length,intra-particle pore diameter,inter-particle pore diameter,electrolyte conductivity,interfacial capacitance&exponent factor,electrode thickness,electrode apparent surface area,and particle packing compactness.Finally,the experimental diagnosis of four supercapacitors(SCs)with different electrode thicknesses is conducted for validating the bi-scale TLM and gaining an insight into the CES properties for a porous electrode to a single pore.The calculating results suggest,to some extent,the inter-particle pore plays a more critical role than the intra-particle pore in the CES properties such as the rate capability and the peak power density for a single pore to a porous electrode.Hence,in order to design a better porous electrode,more attention should be given to the inter-particle pore.
基金supported by CIRP Open Fund of Radiation Protection Laboratories(grant No.CIRP-RGC-2022-02)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(grant No.202203021211164)+3 种基金General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.22378285)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.22108262)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(grant No.20210302124600)Shanxi Province Foundation for Returness(grant No.2022-138)and Fund Program。
文摘Cyclone pyrolyzer is a novel type of downer that combines centrifugal force field and double-layer cyclone vortex.Research on transfer behavior is helpful to optimize the pyrolyzer to meet the needs of pyrolysis.In this study,the Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics(CPFD)model is used to analyze the transfer behavior of binary particles,and finds that the swirl and reaction have a synergistic effect.This effect can increase the heating rate of the particles to the range of flash pyrolysis,and its mechanism lies in the flow field structure of the pyrolyzer.Due to the centrifugal force field,the particles gather to the near wall.The rapid swirl,which facilitates intense gas-solid heat transfer,leads to the rapid heating and pyrolysis of biomass particles.As the pyrolysis proceeds,the mass of the biomass particles becomes smaller and they are more easily affected by the gas flow in pyrolyzer.Under the action of gas flow,char particles serve as new heat carrier to form the inner cycle of particles,which strengthens the heating process.The pyrolysis products are discharged from the exhaust port in time with the flow field of the pyrolyzer to achieve separation from the heat carrier and inhibit the occurrence of secondary reactions.
