BACKGROUND Bile duct stones(BDSs)may cause patients to develop liver cirrhosis or even liver cancer.Currently,the success rate of surgical treatment for intrahepatic and extrahepatic BDSs is not satisfactory,and there...BACKGROUND Bile duct stones(BDSs)may cause patients to develop liver cirrhosis or even liver cancer.Currently,the success rate of surgical treatment for intrahepatic and extrahepatic BDSs is not satisfactory,and there is a risk of postoperative complic-ations.AIM To compare the clinical effects of dual-modality endoscopy(duodenoscopy and laparoscopy)with those of traditional laparotomy in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic BDSs.METHODS Ninety-five patients with intra-and extrahepatic BDSs who sought medical services at Wuhan No.1 Hospital between August 2019 and May 2023 were selected;45 patients in the control group were treated by traditional laparotomy,and 50 patients in the research group were treated by dual-modality endoscopy.The following factors were collected for analysis:curative effects,safety(incision infection,biliary fistula,lung infection,hemobilia),surgical factors[surgery time,intraoperative blood loss(IBL)volume,gastrointestinal function recovery time,and length of hospital stay],serum inflammatory markers[tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-8],and oxidative stress[glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),and advanced protein oxidation products(AOPPs)].RESULTS The analysis revealed markedly better efficacy(an obviously higher total effective rate)in the research group than in the control group.In addition,an evidently lower postoperative complication rate,shorter surgical duration,gastrointestinal function recovery time and hospital stay,and lower IBL volume were observed in the research group.Furthermore,the posttreatment serum inflammatory marker(TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-8)levels were significantly lower in the research group than in the control group.Compared with those in the control group,the posttreatment GSH-Px,SOD,MDA and AOPPs in the research group were equivalent to the pretreatment levels;for example,the GSH-Px and SOD levels were significantly higher,while the MDA and AOPP levels were lower.CONCLUSION Dual-modality endoscopy therapy(duodenoscopy and laparoscopy)is more effective than traditional laparotomy in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic BDSs and has a lower risk of postoperative complications;significantly shortened surgical time;shorter gastrointestinal function recovery time;shorter hospital stay;and lower intraop-erative bleeding volume,while having a significant inhibitory effect on excessive serum inflammation and causing little postoperative oxidative stress.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones(BDSs)have a high rate of residual stones,a high risk of recurrence,and a high rate of reoperation.It is very important to take timely and effective surgical in...BACKGROUND Intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones(BDSs)have a high rate of residual stones,a high risk of recurrence,and a high rate of reoperation.It is very important to take timely and effective surgical intervention for patients.AIM To analyze the efficacy,postoperative rehabilitation,and quality of life(QoL)of patients with intra-and extrahepatic BDSs treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)+endoscopic papillary balloon dilation(EPBD)+laparoscopic hepatectomy(LH).METHODS This study selected 114 cases of intra-and extrahepatic BDSs from April 2021 to April 2024,consisting of 55 cases in the control group receiving laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and LH and 59 cases in the observation group treated with ERCP+EPBD+LH.Efficacy,surgical indicators[operation time(OT)and intraoperative blood loss(IBL)],postoperative rehabilitation(time for body temperature to return to normal,time for pain relief,and time for drainage to reduce jaundice),hospital stay,medical expenses,and QoL[Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index(GIQLI)]were comparatively analyzed.Further,Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze factors influencing the QoL of patients with intra-and extrahepatic BDSs.RESULTS The data demonstrated a higher overall effective rate in the observation group compared to the control group(P=0.011),together with notably reduced OT,less IBL,shorter body temperature recovery time,pain relief time,time for drainage to reduce jaundice,and hospital stay(all P<0.05).The postoperative GIQLI of the observation group was more significantly increased compared to the control group(P<0.05).The two groups demonstrated no marked difference in medical expenses(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The above indicates that ERCP+EPBD+LH is effective in treating patients with intra-and extrahepatic BDSs,which is conducive to postoperative rehabilitation and QoL improvement,with promising prospects for clinical promotion.展开更多
Background:Recent developments in virtual acoustic technology has levered promising applications in the field of auditory sciences,especially in spatial perception.While conventional auditory spatial assessment using ...Background:Recent developments in virtual acoustic technology has levered promising applications in the field of auditory sciences,especially in spatial perception.While conventional auditory spatial assessment using loudspeakers,interaural differences and/or questionnaires are limited by the availability and cost of instruments,the use of virtual acoustic space identification(VASI)test has widespread applications in spatial test battery as it overcomes these constraints.Purpose:The lack of test-retest reliability data of VASI test narrows its direct application in auditory spatial assessment,which is explored in the present study.Methods:Data from 75 normal-hearing young adults(mean age:25.11 y±4.65 SD)was collected in three sessions:baseline,within 15 min of baseline(intra-session),and one week after baseline session(inter-session).Test-retest reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC),coefficient of variation(CV),and cluster plots.Results:The results showed excellent reliability for both accuracy and reaction time measures of VASI,with ICC values of 0.93 and 0.87,respectively.The CV values for overall VASI accuracy and reaction time 9.66% and 11.88%,respectively.This was also complemented by the cluster plot analyses,which showed 93.33% and 96.00% of temporal stability in the accuracy and reaction time measures,indicative of high test-retest reliability of VASI test in auditory spatial assessment.Conclusions:The high temporal stability(test-retest reliability)of VASI test validates its application in spatial hearing test battery.展开更多
The Antarctic ice sheet is an important target of Antarctic research.Thickness and structure,including intraice and subice,are closely related to the mass balance of the ice sheet,and play an important role in the stu...The Antarctic ice sheet is an important target of Antarctic research.Thickness and structure,including intraice and subice,are closely related to the mass balance of the ice sheet,and play an important role in the study of global sea level and climate change.Subglacial topography is an important basis for studying ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet evolution.This paper briefly reviews the geophysical detection methods and research status of the Antarctic ice sheet:(1)Conventional methods such as ice radar are the main methods for studying the ice sheet today,and passive source seismic methods such as the receiver function method,H/V method and P-wave coda autocorrelation method have good development prospects;(2)the high-resolution(1 km)ice thickness and subglacial topographic database BEDMAP2 established based on various data has greatly improved the ability to detect internal isochronous layers,anisotropic layers,and temperature changes within ice and has advanced research on ice sheet evolution;and(3)ice radar,numerical simulation and core drilling are the main methods to study subglacial lakes and sediments.More than 400 subglacial lakes have been confirmed,and more than 12000 simulation results have been obtained.Research on the Antarctic ice sheet faces enormous challenges and is of great urgency.Aiming at hot issues,such as Antarctic geological evolution,glacial retreat,ice sheet melting and their relationships with global climate change,it is the frontier and trend of future Antarctic ice sheet research to carry out multidisciplinary and multicountry comprehensive geophysical exploration based on the traditional ice radar method combined with passive seismic methods,especially new technologies such as short-period dense array technology,unmanned aerial vehicles and artificial intelligence.This is expected to further promote Antarctic research.展开更多
Rodents are reservoirs of various types of hantavirus,some of which are agents of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in humans.Each hantavirus is associated with a single rodent host species but successive spill-over event...Rodents are reservoirs of various types of hantavirus,some of which are agents of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in humans.Each hantavirus is associated with a single rodent host species but successive spill-over events may eventually lead to host-switching and new species’becoming host of a given pathogen.This study aims to gain an understanding of the spatial ecology of two hantavirus-host species,Akodon azarae,and Oligoryzomys flavescens,by identifying factors modulating their home range sizes and stability,and by evaluating intra-and interspecific spatial aggregation for these species and a third one—Oxymycterus rufus—living in sympatry.For this,eleven capture-mark-recapture surveys were carried out,spanning 22 months.We found that A.azarae males have larger and more mobile home ranges than females,independently of the season.Consequently,males could likely have a more relevant role in the transmission of hantavirus because of their greater exposure both to a higher number of contacts between individuals and viral contamination of the environment.Contrasting,O.flavescens individuals showed negligible displacements of their home range through time,which could limit the range of hantavirus spread in host populations.Since O.flavescens is host to Lechiguanas hantavirus(pathogenic to humans)this result encompasses epidemiological relevance,for it may imply the existence of local foci of infection.Additionally,individuals of both species performed excursions outside their home ranges.These events could enable hantavirus spread over distances beyond the normal range of movements and lead to new hantavirus outbreaks in formerly non-infected rodent populations,favoring the persistence of the virus in nature.展开更多
This paper discusses the estimation of fixed polynomial effects of mixed models based on PBIB, gives three concrete estimation, and analyses the condition of the design block while is orthogonal in these models. It al...This paper discusses the estimation of fixed polynomial effects of mixed models based on PBIB, gives three concrete estimation, and analyses the condition of the design block while is orthogonal in these models. It also shows in mixed models that the three estimations of fixed polynomial effects T are identical under tile fact that the design block is orthogonal.展开更多
The stress gradient hypothesis(SGH)proposes that the frequency of positive interactions among plants is increased with stress.However,in alpine meadow ecosystems,the joint effects of herbivore grazing and resource str...The stress gradient hypothesis(SGH)proposes that the frequency of positive interactions among plants is increased with stress.However,in alpine meadow ecosystems,the joint effects of herbivore grazing and resource stress on plant-plant interactions remain poorly understood.By investigating the spatial associations of two dominant,widely distributed species-Carex praeclara(unpalatable)and Carum carvi(palatable)-we explored changes in plant-plant interactions at three desertification levels(light,moderate and severe)under grazed and ungrazed conditions to test the generality of the SGH in the desertified alpine meadows on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Without grazing disturbance,intraspecific interactions of C.praeclara and C.carvi changed from positive to negative,while their interspecific interactions shifted from negative to positive along the desertification gradient from light to severe level.However,intraspecific interactions of C.carvi under grazing remained neutral at all desertification levels,while the net interspecific interactions between these species changed from competitive to facilitative under moderate stress.But,the positive interactions collapsed under severe stress,which is inconsistent with the SGH prediction.Our results reinforced the evidence that livestock grazing strongly influences the balance of intra-and interspecific interactions along the stress gradients in the alpine ecosystems.展开更多
基金Supported by 2021 Municipal Health Commission Scientific Research Project,No.WX21D482021 Municipal Health Commission Project,No.WZ21Q112022 Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology Project,No.2022CFB980.
文摘BACKGROUND Bile duct stones(BDSs)may cause patients to develop liver cirrhosis or even liver cancer.Currently,the success rate of surgical treatment for intrahepatic and extrahepatic BDSs is not satisfactory,and there is a risk of postoperative complic-ations.AIM To compare the clinical effects of dual-modality endoscopy(duodenoscopy and laparoscopy)with those of traditional laparotomy in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic BDSs.METHODS Ninety-five patients with intra-and extrahepatic BDSs who sought medical services at Wuhan No.1 Hospital between August 2019 and May 2023 were selected;45 patients in the control group were treated by traditional laparotomy,and 50 patients in the research group were treated by dual-modality endoscopy.The following factors were collected for analysis:curative effects,safety(incision infection,biliary fistula,lung infection,hemobilia),surgical factors[surgery time,intraoperative blood loss(IBL)volume,gastrointestinal function recovery time,and length of hospital stay],serum inflammatory markers[tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-8],and oxidative stress[glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),and advanced protein oxidation products(AOPPs)].RESULTS The analysis revealed markedly better efficacy(an obviously higher total effective rate)in the research group than in the control group.In addition,an evidently lower postoperative complication rate,shorter surgical duration,gastrointestinal function recovery time and hospital stay,and lower IBL volume were observed in the research group.Furthermore,the posttreatment serum inflammatory marker(TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-8)levels were significantly lower in the research group than in the control group.Compared with those in the control group,the posttreatment GSH-Px,SOD,MDA and AOPPs in the research group were equivalent to the pretreatment levels;for example,the GSH-Px and SOD levels were significantly higher,while the MDA and AOPP levels were lower.CONCLUSION Dual-modality endoscopy therapy(duodenoscopy and laparoscopy)is more effective than traditional laparotomy in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic BDSs and has a lower risk of postoperative complications;significantly shortened surgical time;shorter gastrointestinal function recovery time;shorter hospital stay;and lower intraop-erative bleeding volume,while having a significant inhibitory effect on excessive serum inflammation and causing little postoperative oxidative stress.
文摘BACKGROUND Intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones(BDSs)have a high rate of residual stones,a high risk of recurrence,and a high rate of reoperation.It is very important to take timely and effective surgical intervention for patients.AIM To analyze the efficacy,postoperative rehabilitation,and quality of life(QoL)of patients with intra-and extrahepatic BDSs treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)+endoscopic papillary balloon dilation(EPBD)+laparoscopic hepatectomy(LH).METHODS This study selected 114 cases of intra-and extrahepatic BDSs from April 2021 to April 2024,consisting of 55 cases in the control group receiving laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and LH and 59 cases in the observation group treated with ERCP+EPBD+LH.Efficacy,surgical indicators[operation time(OT)and intraoperative blood loss(IBL)],postoperative rehabilitation(time for body temperature to return to normal,time for pain relief,and time for drainage to reduce jaundice),hospital stay,medical expenses,and QoL[Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index(GIQLI)]were comparatively analyzed.Further,Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze factors influencing the QoL of patients with intra-and extrahepatic BDSs.RESULTS The data demonstrated a higher overall effective rate in the observation group compared to the control group(P=0.011),together with notably reduced OT,less IBL,shorter body temperature recovery time,pain relief time,time for drainage to reduce jaundice,and hospital stay(all P<0.05).The postoperative GIQLI of the observation group was more significantly increased compared to the control group(P<0.05).The two groups demonstrated no marked difference in medical expenses(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The above indicates that ERCP+EPBD+LH is effective in treating patients with intra-and extrahepatic BDSs,which is conducive to postoperative rehabilitation and QoL improvement,with promising prospects for clinical promotion.
文摘Background:Recent developments in virtual acoustic technology has levered promising applications in the field of auditory sciences,especially in spatial perception.While conventional auditory spatial assessment using loudspeakers,interaural differences and/or questionnaires are limited by the availability and cost of instruments,the use of virtual acoustic space identification(VASI)test has widespread applications in spatial test battery as it overcomes these constraints.Purpose:The lack of test-retest reliability data of VASI test narrows its direct application in auditory spatial assessment,which is explored in the present study.Methods:Data from 75 normal-hearing young adults(mean age:25.11 y±4.65 SD)was collected in three sessions:baseline,within 15 min of baseline(intra-session),and one week after baseline session(inter-session).Test-retest reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC),coefficient of variation(CV),and cluster plots.Results:The results showed excellent reliability for both accuracy and reaction time measures of VASI,with ICC values of 0.93 and 0.87,respectively.The CV values for overall VASI accuracy and reaction time 9.66% and 11.88%,respectively.This was also complemented by the cluster plot analyses,which showed 93.33% and 96.00% of temporal stability in the accuracy and reaction time measures,indicative of high test-retest reliability of VASI test in auditory spatial assessment.Conclusions:The high temporal stability(test-retest reliability)of VASI test validates its application in spatial hearing test battery.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(91858214,42130807)funded this study.
文摘The Antarctic ice sheet is an important target of Antarctic research.Thickness and structure,including intraice and subice,are closely related to the mass balance of the ice sheet,and play an important role in the study of global sea level and climate change.Subglacial topography is an important basis for studying ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet evolution.This paper briefly reviews the geophysical detection methods and research status of the Antarctic ice sheet:(1)Conventional methods such as ice radar are the main methods for studying the ice sheet today,and passive source seismic methods such as the receiver function method,H/V method and P-wave coda autocorrelation method have good development prospects;(2)the high-resolution(1 km)ice thickness and subglacial topographic database BEDMAP2 established based on various data has greatly improved the ability to detect internal isochronous layers,anisotropic layers,and temperature changes within ice and has advanced research on ice sheet evolution;and(3)ice radar,numerical simulation and core drilling are the main methods to study subglacial lakes and sediments.More than 400 subglacial lakes have been confirmed,and more than 12000 simulation results have been obtained.Research on the Antarctic ice sheet faces enormous challenges and is of great urgency.Aiming at hot issues,such as Antarctic geological evolution,glacial retreat,ice sheet melting and their relationships with global climate change,it is the frontier and trend of future Antarctic ice sheet research to carry out multidisciplinary and multicountry comprehensive geophysical exploration based on the traditional ice radar method combined with passive seismic methods,especially new technologies such as short-period dense array technology,unmanned aerial vehicles and artificial intelligence.This is expected to further promote Antarctic research.
基金the University of Buenos Aires for financial support UBACYT 20020170100235BA.
文摘Rodents are reservoirs of various types of hantavirus,some of which are agents of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in humans.Each hantavirus is associated with a single rodent host species but successive spill-over events may eventually lead to host-switching and new species’becoming host of a given pathogen.This study aims to gain an understanding of the spatial ecology of two hantavirus-host species,Akodon azarae,and Oligoryzomys flavescens,by identifying factors modulating their home range sizes and stability,and by evaluating intra-and interspecific spatial aggregation for these species and a third one—Oxymycterus rufus—living in sympatry.For this,eleven capture-mark-recapture surveys were carried out,spanning 22 months.We found that A.azarae males have larger and more mobile home ranges than females,independently of the season.Consequently,males could likely have a more relevant role in the transmission of hantavirus because of their greater exposure both to a higher number of contacts between individuals and viral contamination of the environment.Contrasting,O.flavescens individuals showed negligible displacements of their home range through time,which could limit the range of hantavirus spread in host populations.Since O.flavescens is host to Lechiguanas hantavirus(pathogenic to humans)this result encompasses epidemiological relevance,for it may imply the existence of local foci of infection.Additionally,individuals of both species performed excursions outside their home ranges.These events could enable hantavirus spread over distances beyond the normal range of movements and lead to new hantavirus outbreaks in formerly non-infected rodent populations,favoring the persistence of the virus in nature.
文摘This paper discusses the estimation of fixed polynomial effects of mixed models based on PBIB, gives three concrete estimation, and analyses the condition of the design block while is orthogonal in these models. It also shows in mixed models that the three estimations of fixed polynomial effects T are identical under tile fact that the design block is orthogonal.
基金funded by the Project of Scientific Monitoring of Sichuan Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve and the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,People’s Republic of China(2019HJ2096001006).
文摘The stress gradient hypothesis(SGH)proposes that the frequency of positive interactions among plants is increased with stress.However,in alpine meadow ecosystems,the joint effects of herbivore grazing and resource stress on plant-plant interactions remain poorly understood.By investigating the spatial associations of two dominant,widely distributed species-Carex praeclara(unpalatable)and Carum carvi(palatable)-we explored changes in plant-plant interactions at three desertification levels(light,moderate and severe)under grazed and ungrazed conditions to test the generality of the SGH in the desertified alpine meadows on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Without grazing disturbance,intraspecific interactions of C.praeclara and C.carvi changed from positive to negative,while their interspecific interactions shifted from negative to positive along the desertification gradient from light to severe level.However,intraspecific interactions of C.carvi under grazing remained neutral at all desertification levels,while the net interspecific interactions between these species changed from competitive to facilitative under moderate stress.But,the positive interactions collapsed under severe stress,which is inconsistent with the SGH prediction.Our results reinforced the evidence that livestock grazing strongly influences the balance of intra-and interspecific interactions along the stress gradients in the alpine ecosystems.
