BACKGROUND Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis(IMP)is a rare condition that causes ischaemic colitis,has various clinical manifestations,and may even be asymptomatic,often resulting in clinical misdiagnosis.CASE SUM...BACKGROUND Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis(IMP)is a rare condition that causes ischaemic colitis,has various clinical manifestations,and may even be asymptomatic,often resulting in clinical misdiagnosis.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with chief complaints of abdominal pain,vomiting and decreased defecation.One year prior,the patient was asymptomatic and therefore misdiagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease based on incidental findings on an abdominal computed tomography(CT)scan.The present abdominal CT scan revealed an intestinal obstruction,diffuse thickening of the entire colon wall and calcification of the mesenteric and colonic veins.Colonoscopy revealed multiple ulcerations and extensive dark purple discolouration of the oedematous mucosa.Colonic transit studies suggested a decrease in colonic motility.IMP was considered the underlying cause of her pseudoileus,which was potentially linked to her consumption of Chinese medicinal teas for more than 30 years.The patient underwent conservative medical treatment,and her symptoms gradually improved.She exhibited no signs of ileus or other significant discomfort at the outpatient follow-up one year after the discontinuation of Chinese herbal tea consumption.CONCLUSION IMP can present with symptoms of pseudoileus as initial complication.Clinicians can use CT and colonoscopy for differential diagnoses.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO)is a rare and debilitating disorder,characterized by severe impairments in gastrointestinal motility.The affected sites include the enteric/intrinsic autonomic ner...BACKGROUND Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO)is a rare and debilitating disorder,characterized by severe impairments in gastrointestinal motility.The affected sites include the enteric/intrinsic autonomic nerves(neuropathy),intestinal smooth muscle cells(myopathy),and interstitial cells of Cajal(mesenchymopathy).The etiology can be genetic,idiopathic,or acquired.Owing to its nonspecific clinical presentation and lack of definitive diagnostic methods,misdiagnosis of CIPO is common.CASE SUMMARY This case involved an older male with insidious onset in adolescence who presented with postprandial bloating,intermittent diarrhea,and weight loss.During the disease course,the patient experienced two episodes of intestinal obstruction.Imaging revealed multisegmental digestive tract abnormalities(gastric emptying disorder,significant duodenal dilatation,and segmental jejunal dilatation).Whole-exome sequencing revealed a rare MYH11 mutation[NM_0010-40113.2:C.5819del(p.Pro1940HisfsTer91)],confirming hereditary myopathic CIPO.CONCLUSION This report adds to our current understanding of CIPO etiology by reinforcing the role of MYH11 variants in the pathogenesis of the CIPO phenotype.展开更多
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a se- vere digestive syndrome characterized by derangement of gut propulsive motility which resembles mechanical obstruction, in the absence of any obstructive process. ...Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a se- vere digestive syndrome characterized by derangement of gut propulsive motility which resembles mechanical obstruction, in the absence of any obstructive process. Although uncommon in clinical practice, this syndrome represents one of the main causes of intestinal failure and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. It may be idiopathic or secondary to a variety of diseases. Most cases are sporadic, even though familial forms with either dominant or recessive autosomal inheritance have been described. Based on histological features in- testinal pseudo-obstruction can be classified into three main categories:neuropathies, mesenchymopathies, and myopathies, according on the predominant involvement of enteric neurones, interstitial cells of Cajal or smooth muscle cells, respectively. Treatment of intestinal pseu- do-obstruction involves nutritional, pharmacological and surgical therapies, but it is often unsatisfactory and the long-term outcome is generally poor in the majority of cases.展开更多
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a rare syndrome described in recent decades. There are slightly over 30 published cases in the English language literature, primarily ass...Intestinal pseudo-obstruction secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a rare syndrome described in recent decades. There are slightly over 30 published cases in the English language literature, primarily associated with renal and hematological disease activity. Its presentation and evolution are a diagnostic challenge for the clinician. We present four cases of intestinal pseudo-obstruction due to lupus in young Mexican females. One patient had a previous diagnosis of SLE and all presented with a urinary tract infection of varying degrees of severity during their evolution. We consider that recognition of the disease is of vital importance because it allows for establishing appropriate management, leading to a better prognosis and avoiding unnecessary surgery and complications.展开更多
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO)is a type of intestinal dysfunction presenting as symptoms of intestinal obstruction but without actual mechanical obstruction.An extremely low incidence,non-specific clinica...Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO)is a type of intestinal dysfunction presenting as symptoms of intestinal obstruction but without actual mechanical obstruction.An extremely low incidence,non-specific clinical symptoms,strong heterogeneity,and no definitive cause in some patients make CIPO very difficult to diagnose correctly.Imaging and gastrointestinal manometry are commonly used.Most patients have progressive worsening of their symptoms and require intervention,and nutritional assessment and treatment are very important to determine the prognosis.With improvements in surgical techniques,small bowel transplantation is a feasible treatment option for patients with advanced CIPO;however,the long-term prognosis for CIPO patients remains unsatisfactory.Generally,the disease is rare and difficult to diagnose,which leads to clinicians’lack of understanding of the disease and results in a high rate of misdiagnosis.This review describes the characteristics of CIPO and the latest developments in diagnosis and treatment,in detail.The goal of our review is to improve clinicians'understanding of CIPO so that the disease is identified quickly and accurately,and treated as early as possible to improve patients’quality of life.展开更多
Visceral myopathy is one of the causes of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Most cases pathologically reveal degenerative changes of myocytes or muscularis propia atrophy and fibrosis. Abnormal layering of muscul...Visceral myopathy is one of the causes of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Most cases pathologically reveal degenerative changes of myocytes or muscularis propia atrophy and fibrosis. Abnormal layering of muscularis propria is extremely rare. We report a case of a 9-mo-old Thai male baby who presented with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Histologic findings showed abnormal layering of small intestinal muscularis propria with an additional oblique layer and aberrant muscularization in serosa. The patient also had a short small bowel without malrotation, brachydactyly,and absence of the 2nd to 4th middle phalanges of both hands. The patient was treated with cisapride and combined parenteral and enteral nutritional support.He had gradual clinical improvement and gained body weight. Subsequently, the parenteral nutrition was discontinued. The previously reported cases are reviewed and discussed.展开更多
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO) either acute or chronic is a condition including features of intestinal ileus in absence of mechanical obstruction. Our paper presents such a rare case of idiopathic IPO in a 53-yea...Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO) either acute or chronic is a condition including features of intestinal ileus in absence of mechanical obstruction. Our paper presents such a rare case of idiopathic IPO in a 53-year-old male patient with recurrent episodes of pseudo-obstruction, which were successfully resolved by anticholinesterase agents, motilin agonists or colonic decompression. However, the patient finally underwent total colectomy. Huge colonic dilatation was identified intraoperatorily, while histology showed a neuropathic variant of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Etiologic mechanisms and current therapeutic methods are reviewed in this paper, which concludes that IPO is a condition in which conservative treatment usually fails. Total colectomy with ileoanal pouch may be the only solution in these situations.展开更多
AIM: To reveal the frequency, characteristics and prognosis of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) in mitochondrial disease patients. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2010, 31 patients (13 males and ...AIM: To reveal the frequency, characteristics and prognosis of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) in mitochondrial disease patients. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2010, 31 patients (13 males and 18 females) were di-agnosed with mitochondrial diseases at our hospital. We conducted a retrospective review of the patients' sex, subclass of mitochondrial disease, age at onset of mitochondrial disease, frequency of CIP and the age at its onset, and the duration of survival. The age at onset or at the first diagnosis of the disorder that led to the clinical suspicion of mitochondrial disease was also examined. RESULTS: Twenty patients were sub-classified with mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), 8 with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), and 3 with myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibers (MERRF). Nine patients were diagnosed with CIP, 8 of the 20 (40.0%) patients with MELAS, 0 of the 8 (0.0%) patients with CPEO, and 1 of the 3 (33.3%) patients with MERRF. The median age (range) at the diagnosis and the median age at onset of mitochondrial disease were 40 (17-69) and 25 (12-63) years in patients with CIP, and 49 (17-81) and 40 (11-71) years in patients without CIP. During the survey period, 5 patients (4 patients with MELAS and 1 with CPEO) died. The cause of death was cardiomyopathy in 2 patients with MELAS, cerebral infarction in 1 patient with MELAS, epilepsy and aspiration pneumonia in 1 patient with MELAS, and multiple metastases from gastric cancer and aspiration pneumonia in 1 patient with CPEO. CONCLUSION: Patients with CIP tend to have disorders that are suspected to be related to mitochondrial diseases at younger ages than are patients without CIP.展开更多
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO) is a rare disease due to a severe gastrointestinal motility disorder which may mimic,on both clinical and radiological grounds,mechanical obstruction.We report a case of a 2...Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO) is a rare disease due to a severe gastrointestinal motility disorder which may mimic,on both clinical and radiological grounds,mechanical obstruction.We report a case of a 26-year-old woman who presented to our institution for plain abdominal radiography for referred long-lasting constipation with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and distension.At X-ray,performed both in the upright and supine position,an isolated air-fluid level was depicted in the left flank,together with a number of radiological signs suggestive of pneumoperitoneum.First,subphrenic radiolucency could be observed in the upright film.Second,the intestinal wall of some jejunal loops appeared to be outlined in the right flank.Third,the inferior cardiac border was clearly depicted in the upright film.The patient however had no evidence ofperitoneal signs but only hypoactive bowel movements.Unenhanced multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT) of the abdomen and pelvis was therefore performed.MDCT revealed abnormal air-driven distension of the small and large bowel,without evidence of extraluminal air.All radiological signs of pneumoperitoneum turned out to be false-positive results.The patient was submitted to pan-colonoscopy and to anorectal manometry to rule out Hirshprung's disease,and was finally discharged with a diagnosis of CIPO.展开更多
Herpes zoster(HZ) infection occurs in approximately 10% to 30% of individuals. Visceral neuropathies secondary to HZ can cause cystitis and urinary retention. But colonic pseudo-obstruction can also occur. Peripheral ...Herpes zoster(HZ) infection occurs in approximately 10% to 30% of individuals. Visceral neuropathies secondary to HZ can cause cystitis and urinary retention. But colonic pseudo-obstruction can also occur. Peripheral neuropathy may reveal segmental motor paresis of either upper or lower limbs, the abdominal muscles or the diaphragm. We report the case of a 62-year-old male patient who presented with abdominal distention and cutaneous vesicular eruption on the left side of the abdominal wall. Plain X-rays and computed tomography scan showed distended small bowel. A diagnosis of intestinal pseudo-obstruction was made secondary to segmental paresis of the small intestine and visceral neuropathy. Conservative management was successful and the patient was discharged uneventfully. Intestinal pseudo-obstruction ought to be consideredwhen dealing with non-obstructive(adynamic) conditions of the digestive tract associated with HZ infection; since early recognition may help to avoid unnecessary surgery.展开更多
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) is an infre-quent complication of an active systemic lupus erythema-tosus (SLE). We illustrate a case of SLE inactive-related CIP. A 51-year old female with inactive SLE (EC...Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) is an infre-quent complication of an active systemic lupus erythema-tosus (SLE). We illustrate a case of SLE inactive-related CIP. A 51-year old female with inactive SLE (ECLAM score 2) was hospitalized with postprandial fullness, vomiting, abdominal bloating and abdominal pain. She had had no bowel movements for five days. Plain abdominal X-ray revealed multiple fluid levels and dilated small and large bowel loops with air-fluid levels. Intestinal contrast radiology detected dilated loops. CIP was diagnosed. The patient was treated with prokinetics, octreotide, claritromycin, rifaximin, azathioprine and tegaserod without any clinical improvement. Then methylprednisolone (500 mg iv daily) was started. After the first administration, the patient showed peristaltic movements. A bowel movement was reported after the second administration. A plain abdominal X-ray revealed no air-fluid levels. Steroid therapy was slowly reduced with complete resolution of the symptoms. The patient is still in a good clinical condition. SLE-related CIP is generally reported as a complication of an active disease. In our case, CIP was the only clinical demonstration of the SLE.展开更多
Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy （PEC） is increasingly proposed as an alternative to surgery to treat various disorders, including acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and relapsi...Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy （PEC） is increasingly proposed as an alternative to surgery to treat various disorders, including acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and relapsing sigmoid volvulus. We report on a severe complication that occurred two months after PEC placement. A 74-year-old man with a history of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction evolving since 8 years was readmitted to our hospital and received PEC to provide long-standing relief. The procedure was uneventful and greatly improved the patient＇s quality of life. Two months later, the patient developed acute stercoral peritonitis. At laparotomy, the colostomy flange was embedded in the abdominal wall but no pressure necrosis was found at the level of the colonic wall. This complication was likely related to inadvertent traction of the colostomy tube. Subtotal colectomy with terminal ileostomy was performed. We review the major features of 60 cases of PEC reported to date, including indications and complications.展开更多
2'-Fucosyllactose(2'-FL)shows the potential to support intestinal health as a natural prebiotic that bridges the gap between infant formula feeding and breastfeeding.However,the effect and mechanism of 2'-...2'-Fucosyllactose(2'-FL)shows the potential to support intestinal health as a natural prebiotic that bridges the gap between infant formula feeding and breastfeeding.However,the effect and mechanism of 2'-FL in improving intestinal permeability are not clear.In this study,we constructed human microbiota-associated(HMA)mouse models by colonizing healthy infant feces in mice with antibiotic-depleted intestinal microbiota.The protective effect of 2'-FL on the intestinal permeability was explored using the HMA mouse models,and the combination of metagenomics was used to analyze the possible mechanisms by which the microorganisms reduced the intestinal permeability.The results showed that 2'-FL decreased the concentration of markers of intestinal permeability(enterotoxin and diamine oxidase(DAO))and increased the expression levels of tight junctions(occludin and claudin).Metagenomics revealed the enrichment of Bifidobacterium and increased the expression of glycoside hydrolases(GHs),including GH31,GH28,and GH5.In conclusion,2'-FL strengthened intestinal permeability function by improving microbiota composition to control the translocation of harmful substance.展开更多
Background The synchronized absorption of amino acids(AAs)and glucose in the gut is crucial for effective AA utilization and protein synthesis in the body.The study investigated how the starch digestion rate and AA le...Background The synchronized absorption of amino acids(AAs)and glucose in the gut is crucial for effective AA utilization and protein synthesis in the body.The study investigated how the starch digestion rate and AA levels impact intestinal AA digestion,transport and metabolism,breast muscle protein metabolism,and growth in grower broilers.A total of 72021-day-old healthy male Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly assigned to 12 treatments,each with 6 replicates of 10 birds.The treatments comprised 3 different starch[corn:control,cassava:rapidly digestible starch(RDS),and pea:slowly digestible starch(SDS)]with 4 different AA levels[based on standardized ileal digestible lysine(SID Lys),0.92%,1.02%(as the standard),1.12%and 1.22%].Results An interaction between dietary starch sources and SID Lys levels significantly affected breast muscle yield(P=0.033).RDS and SDS diets,or SID Lys levels of 0.92%,1.02%,or 1.22%,significantly decreased the breast muscle yield of broilers in contrast to the corn starch diet with 1.12%SID Lys(P=0.033).The SID Lys levels of 1.12%and 1.22%markedly improved body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG)from 22 to 42 days of age,and mRNA expression of y^(+)LAT1 and mTOR while reducing feed intake(FI)and feed/gain ratio(F/G)compared to the 0.92%SID Lys level(P<0.05).The SDS diet significantly decreased BW and BWG of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age,distal ileal starch digestibility,jejunal amylase and chymotrypsin activities,and mRNA expression of GLUT2 and y^(+)LAT1 compared to the corn starch diet(P<0.05).The RDS diet suppressed the breast muscle mass by down-regulating expression of mTOR,S6K1,and eIF4E and up-regulating expression of MuRF,CathepsinB,Atrogin-1,and M-calpain compared to the corn starch diet(P<0.05).Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the SDS diet significantly increased acetyl-CoA andα-ketoglutaric acid levels in the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle(P<0.05)but decreased the ileal digestibility of Lys,Tyr,Leu,Asp,Ser,Gly,Pro,Arg,Ile,and Val compared to the corn starch group(P<0.05).Conclusion The SDS diet impaired broiler growth by reducing intestinal starch digestibility,which inhibited intestinal AA and glucose absorption and utilization,increased AA oxidation for energy supply,and lowered the efficiency of protein synthesis.Although the RDS diet resulted in growth performance similar to the corn starch diet,it reduced breast muscle mass by inhibiting protein synthesis and promoting degradation.展开更多
Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)in broiler chickens leads to significant economic losses in poultry production.This study examined the inhibitory effects of usnic acid and tannic acid on coccidia,sporozoite,and Clost...Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)in broiler chickens leads to significant economic losses in poultry production.This study examined the inhibitory effects of usnic acid and tannic acid on coccidia,sporozoite,and Clostridium perfringens and assessed their influence on growth performance and intestinal health in NE-challenged broilers through in vitro and in vivo experiments.Methods The in vitro experiment included 5 treatment groups:the negative control(NC),2μmol/L diclazuril(DZ),30μmol/L usnic acid(UA),90μmol/L tannic acid(TA),and 15μmol/L usnic acid^(+)45μmol/L tannic acid(UTA)groups.The in vivo experiment involved 320 broilers divided into four groups:PC(NE-challenged),SA(500 mg/kg salinomycin premix^(+)NE-challenged),UA(300 mg/kg usnic acid^(+)NE-challenged),and UTA(300 mg/kg usnic acid^(+)500 mg/kg tannic acid^(+)NE-challenged)groups.Results In the in vitro study,the UA,TA,and UTA treatments significantly increased apoptosis in coccidian oocysts and sporozoites,lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.05),and disrupted the oocyst structure compared with those in the NC group.UA and TA had inhibitory effects on C.perfringens,with the strongest inhibition observed in the UTA group.The in vivo results demonstrated that the SA group presented significantly improved growth performance on d 13,21,and 28(P<0.05),whereas the UA and UTA groups presented improvements on d 13 and 21(P<0.05).The SA,UA,and UTA treatments reduced the intestinal lesion scores by d 28 and the fecal coccidian oocyst counts from d 19 to 21(P<0.05).Compared with the PC group,the UA and UTA groups presented lower intestinal sIgA levels and CD8^(+)cell percentages(P<0.05),with a trend toward a reduced CD3^(+)cell percentage(P=0.069).The SA,UA,and UTA treatments significantly reduced the serum diamine oxidase activity,crypt depth,and plateletderived growth factor levels in the intestinal mucosa while increasing the villus height to crypt depth ratio and number of goblet cells(P<0.05).The UTA treatment also significantly increased the acetate and butyrate concentrations in the cecum(P<0.05).With respect to the gut microbiota,significant changes inβdiversity in the ileum and cecum were observed in the SA,UA,and UTA groups,indicating that the microbial community compositions differed among the groups.Romboutsia dominated the SA group,Bacillales dominated the UA group,and Lactobacillales and Lachnospirales dominated the UTA group in the ileal microbiota.In the cecal microbiota,Lactobacillus,Butyricicoccus,and Blautia abundances were significantly elevated in the UTA group(P<0.05).Conclusion Usnic acid and tannic acid induce apoptosis in coccidia and sporozoites by lowering the mitochondrial membrane potential.Both usnic acid alone and in combination with tannic acid alleviate NE-induced adverse effects in broilers by modulating intestinal immunity,altering the microbial composition,and improving intestinal barrier function.Compared with usnic acid alone,the combination of usnic acid and tannic acid had superior effects,providing a promising basis for the development of effective feed additive combinations.展开更多
BACKGROUND The development of slow transit constipation(STC)is associated with intestinal barrier damage.Huangqi decoction(HQD)is effective in treating STC,but me-chanisms are unclear.AIM To investigate whether HQD al...BACKGROUND The development of slow transit constipation(STC)is associated with intestinal barrier damage.Huangqi decoction(HQD)is effective in treating STC,but me-chanisms are unclear.AIM To investigate whether HQD alleviates STC by downregulating the nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)signaling pathway and restoring intestinal barrier function.METHODS KM mice were divided into control,model,and HQD treatment groups.Fresh colonic tissues were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial tra-nscriptome sequencing.The expressions of claudin-1,mucin 2,and NF-κB P65 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.In vitro experiments evaluated the effects of HQD on the LS174T cell line.RESULTS HQD improved intestinal motility,restored mucosal epithelium function and morphology.Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing data showed a reduction in goblet cells,decreased mucin 2 secretion,and activated apoptotic pathways in STC mice.The population of intestinal stem cells was reduced,and proliferation along with Wnt/β-catenin pathways were inhibited.STC also altered the distribution of intestinal cell states,increasing immune-associated Enterocyte_C3.Aberrant NF-κB pathway activation was noted across various cell types.After HQD treatment,NF-κB pathway activity was down-regulated,while cell proliferation pathways were up-regulated,alongside an increase in Enterocyte_C1 related to material transport.Immunocytochemical,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed NF-κB pathway activation in goblet cells of STC mice,with HQD inhibiting this aberrant activation.CONCLUSION STC involves intestinal mucosal barrier damage.HQD may treat STC by suppressing NF-κB signaling in epithelial cells,restoring intestinal epithelial cell function,and promoting mucosal barrier repair.展开更多
[Objective]To explore the protective effect of selenomethionine(Se-Met)on oxidative stress and intestinal barrier damage in mice infected with porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)and the potential regulatory mechanism.[Met...[Objective]To explore the protective effect of selenomethionine(Se-Met)on oxidative stress and intestinal barrier damage in mice infected with porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)and the potential regulatory mechanism.[Methods]Forty female C57 mice were randomly grouped as follows:control,Se-Met(0.3 mg/kg Se),PDCoV,and Se-Met+PDCoV(0.3 mg/kg Se).After being fed with or without Se-Met for 23 days,the mice in the PDCoV group and the Se-Met+PDCoV group were administrated with 300μL suspension of PDCoV HNZK-02-P5 strain(1×10^(6)TCID50)by gavage,while those in the other two groups were administered with the same volume of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium(DMEM).All the mice were observed daily for clinical signs,food intake,and body weight changes until day 28.At five days post-inoculation(dpi),intestinal tissues were collected and PDCoV titers were determined.Hematoxylin staining and eosin staining were used to monitor pathological changes in intestinal tissues.Oxidative stress-related indicators such as malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)were investigated.The level of ROS in the jejunum tissue was measured via a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)probe.Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the changes of small intestinal tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and Occludin).The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-10),intestinal tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and Occludin),and the Nrf2 signaling pathway-associated factors(Nrf2,HO-1,and NQO1)were determined by RT-qPCR.Western blotting was employed to assess the protein levels of factors related to the Nrf2 signaling pathway.[Results]The results of body weight,food intake,pathological examination,and viral RNA titers in different intestinal tissues revealed that Se-Met might increase the body weight,decrease viral titers in intestinal tissues,and attenuate PDCoV-induced structural damage of intestinal villi in PDCoV-infected mice.Se-Met attenuated PDCoV-induced inflammation by lowering the mRNA levels of major inflammatory cytokines,such as IL-1β,IL-6,and TNFαin the jejunum.Se-Met ameliorated PDCoV-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage by up-regulating the mRNA levels of ZO-1 and Occludin in the jejunum.Se-Met ameliorated PDCoV-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of ROS and MDA and increasing the levels of GSH-PX and SOD in the jejunum.Se-Met inhibited PDCoV-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.[Conclusion]Se-Met may attenuate the intestinal injury in mice infected with PDCoV by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway,which provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of PDCoV infection.展开更多
Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis,such as modifications in composition and activity,might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways,thereby promoti...Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis,such as modifications in composition and activity,might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways,thereby promoting susceptibility to lung diseases.The development and progression of lung cancer,as well as the effectiveness of immunotherapy are closely associated with gut flora and metabolites,which influence immunological and inflammatory responses.During abnormal proliferation,non-small cell lung cancer cells acquire more substances and energy by altering their own metabolic pathways.Glucose and amino acid metabolism reprogramming provide tumor cells with abundant ATP,carbon,and nitrogen sources,respectively,providing optimal conditions for tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and immune escape.This article reviews the relationship of immune response with gut flora and metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer,and discusses the potential mechanisms by which gut flora and metabolic reprogramming affect the occurrence,development,and immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer,in order to provide new ideas for precision treatment of lung cancer patients.展开更多
Lithopedion is a rare clinical situation characterised by the calcification of a foetus that has died during an ectopic pregnancy, usually in the abdominal cavity. It occurs in 1.5 to 2% of ectopic pregnancies. It can...Lithopedion is a rare clinical situation characterised by the calcification of a foetus that has died during an ectopic pregnancy, usually in the abdominal cavity. It occurs in 1.5 to 2% of ectopic pregnancies. It can be asymptomatic for several years. However, various complications can occur that lead to diagnosis. The authors report a case of lithopedion complicated by acute intestinal obstruction in a 24-year-old woman in her first pregnancy. This complication occurred after 12 months of amenorrhoea. A mass containing a calcified foetus was removed by laparotomy.展开更多
Background Weaning stress-induced diarrhea is widely recognized as being associated with gut microbiota dysbio-sis.However,it has been challenging to clarify which specific intestinal microbiota and their metabolites ...Background Weaning stress-induced diarrhea is widely recognized as being associated with gut microbiota dysbio-sis.However,it has been challenging to clarify which specific intestinal microbiota and their metabolites play a crucial role in the antidiarrhea process of weaned piglets.Results In this study,we first observed that piglets with diarrhea exhibited a lower average daily gain and higher diarrhea score,and elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and D-lactate(D-LA)compared to healthy piglets.Subsequently,we analyzed the differences in intestinal microbial composition and metabolite levels between healthy and diarrheal weaned piglets.Diarrheal piglets demonstrated intestinal microbiota dysbiosis,characterized pri-marily by a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio,a deficiency of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus reuteri,and an increased abundance of Bacteroides sp.HF-5287 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.Functional pro-filing of the gut microbiota based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)data was performed,and the results showed that tryptophan metabolism was the most significantly inhibited pathway in piglets with diar-rhea.Most tryptophan metabolites were detected at lower concentrations in diarrheal piglets than in healthy piglets.Furthermore,we explored the effects of dietary indole-3-aldehyde(IAld),a key tryptophan metabolite,on intestinal development and gut barrier function in weaned piglets.Supplementation with 100 mg/kg IAld in the diet increased the small intestine index and improved intestinal barrier function by promoting intestinal stem cell(ISC)expansion in piglets.The promotion of ISC expansion by IAld was also confirmed in porcine intestinal organoids.Conclusions These findings revealed that intestinal microbial tryptophan metabolite IAld alleviates impaired intesti-nal development by promoting ISC expansion in weaned piglets.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis(IMP)is a rare condition that causes ischaemic colitis,has various clinical manifestations,and may even be asymptomatic,often resulting in clinical misdiagnosis.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with chief complaints of abdominal pain,vomiting and decreased defecation.One year prior,the patient was asymptomatic and therefore misdiagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease based on incidental findings on an abdominal computed tomography(CT)scan.The present abdominal CT scan revealed an intestinal obstruction,diffuse thickening of the entire colon wall and calcification of the mesenteric and colonic veins.Colonoscopy revealed multiple ulcerations and extensive dark purple discolouration of the oedematous mucosa.Colonic transit studies suggested a decrease in colonic motility.IMP was considered the underlying cause of her pseudoileus,which was potentially linked to her consumption of Chinese medicinal teas for more than 30 years.The patient underwent conservative medical treatment,and her symptoms gradually improved.She exhibited no signs of ileus or other significant discomfort at the outpatient follow-up one year after the discontinuation of Chinese herbal tea consumption.CONCLUSION IMP can present with symptoms of pseudoileus as initial complication.Clinicians can use CT and colonoscopy for differential diagnoses.
基金Supported by The National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,No.2022-PUMCH-B-129.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO)is a rare and debilitating disorder,characterized by severe impairments in gastrointestinal motility.The affected sites include the enteric/intrinsic autonomic nerves(neuropathy),intestinal smooth muscle cells(myopathy),and interstitial cells of Cajal(mesenchymopathy).The etiology can be genetic,idiopathic,or acquired.Owing to its nonspecific clinical presentation and lack of definitive diagnostic methods,misdiagnosis of CIPO is common.CASE SUMMARY This case involved an older male with insidious onset in adolescence who presented with postprandial bloating,intermittent diarrhea,and weight loss.During the disease course,the patient experienced two episodes of intestinal obstruction.Imaging revealed multisegmental digestive tract abnormalities(gastric emptying disorder,significant duodenal dilatation,and segmental jejunal dilatation).Whole-exome sequencing revealed a rare MYH11 mutation[NM_0010-40113.2:C.5819del(p.Pro1940HisfsTer91)],confirming hereditary myopathic CIPO.CONCLUSION This report adds to our current understanding of CIPO etiology by reinforcing the role of MYH11 variants in the pathogenesis of the CIPO phenotype.
文摘Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a se- vere digestive syndrome characterized by derangement of gut propulsive motility which resembles mechanical obstruction, in the absence of any obstructive process. Although uncommon in clinical practice, this syndrome represents one of the main causes of intestinal failure and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. It may be idiopathic or secondary to a variety of diseases. Most cases are sporadic, even though familial forms with either dominant or recessive autosomal inheritance have been described. Based on histological features in- testinal pseudo-obstruction can be classified into three main categories:neuropathies, mesenchymopathies, and myopathies, according on the predominant involvement of enteric neurones, interstitial cells of Cajal or smooth muscle cells, respectively. Treatment of intestinal pseu- do-obstruction involves nutritional, pharmacological and surgical therapies, but it is often unsatisfactory and the long-term outcome is generally poor in the majority of cases.
文摘Intestinal pseudo-obstruction secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a rare syndrome described in recent decades. There are slightly over 30 published cases in the English language literature, primarily associated with renal and hematological disease activity. Its presentation and evolution are a diagnostic challenge for the clinician. We present four cases of intestinal pseudo-obstruction due to lupus in young Mexican females. One patient had a previous diagnosis of SLE and all presented with a urinary tract infection of varying degrees of severity during their evolution. We consider that recognition of the disease is of vital importance because it allows for establishing appropriate management, leading to a better prognosis and avoiding unnecessary surgery and complications.
基金Supported by the Initial Scientific Research Fund of Young of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital,No.12020C1003.
文摘Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO)is a type of intestinal dysfunction presenting as symptoms of intestinal obstruction but without actual mechanical obstruction.An extremely low incidence,non-specific clinical symptoms,strong heterogeneity,and no definitive cause in some patients make CIPO very difficult to diagnose correctly.Imaging and gastrointestinal manometry are commonly used.Most patients have progressive worsening of their symptoms and require intervention,and nutritional assessment and treatment are very important to determine the prognosis.With improvements in surgical techniques,small bowel transplantation is a feasible treatment option for patients with advanced CIPO;however,the long-term prognosis for CIPO patients remains unsatisfactory.Generally,the disease is rare and difficult to diagnose,which leads to clinicians’lack of understanding of the disease and results in a high rate of misdiagnosis.This review describes the characteristics of CIPO and the latest developments in diagnosis and treatment,in detail.The goal of our review is to improve clinicians'understanding of CIPO so that the disease is identified quickly and accurately,and treated as early as possible to improve patients’quality of life.
基金Supported by Faculty of Medicine,Ramathibodi Hospital,Mahidol University,Thailand
文摘Visceral myopathy is one of the causes of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Most cases pathologically reveal degenerative changes of myocytes or muscularis propia atrophy and fibrosis. Abnormal layering of muscularis propria is extremely rare. We report a case of a 9-mo-old Thai male baby who presented with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Histologic findings showed abnormal layering of small intestinal muscularis propria with an additional oblique layer and aberrant muscularization in serosa. The patient also had a short small bowel without malrotation, brachydactyly,and absence of the 2nd to 4th middle phalanges of both hands. The patient was treated with cisapride and combined parenteral and enteral nutritional support.He had gradual clinical improvement and gained body weight. Subsequently, the parenteral nutrition was discontinued. The previously reported cases are reviewed and discussed.
文摘Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO) either acute or chronic is a condition including features of intestinal ileus in absence of mechanical obstruction. Our paper presents such a rare case of idiopathic IPO in a 53-year-old male patient with recurrent episodes of pseudo-obstruction, which were successfully resolved by anticholinesterase agents, motilin agonists or colonic decompression. However, the patient finally underwent total colectomy. Huge colonic dilatation was identified intraoperatorily, while histology showed a neuropathic variant of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Etiologic mechanisms and current therapeutic methods are reviewed in this paper, which concludes that IPO is a condition in which conservative treatment usually fails. Total colectomy with ileoanal pouch may be the only solution in these situations.
基金Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants for Research on Intractable Diseases, awarded to Nakajima A, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan
文摘AIM: To reveal the frequency, characteristics and prognosis of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) in mitochondrial disease patients. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2010, 31 patients (13 males and 18 females) were di-agnosed with mitochondrial diseases at our hospital. We conducted a retrospective review of the patients' sex, subclass of mitochondrial disease, age at onset of mitochondrial disease, frequency of CIP and the age at its onset, and the duration of survival. The age at onset or at the first diagnosis of the disorder that led to the clinical suspicion of mitochondrial disease was also examined. RESULTS: Twenty patients were sub-classified with mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), 8 with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), and 3 with myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibers (MERRF). Nine patients were diagnosed with CIP, 8 of the 20 (40.0%) patients with MELAS, 0 of the 8 (0.0%) patients with CPEO, and 1 of the 3 (33.3%) patients with MERRF. The median age (range) at the diagnosis and the median age at onset of mitochondrial disease were 40 (17-69) and 25 (12-63) years in patients with CIP, and 49 (17-81) and 40 (11-71) years in patients without CIP. During the survey period, 5 patients (4 patients with MELAS and 1 with CPEO) died. The cause of death was cardiomyopathy in 2 patients with MELAS, cerebral infarction in 1 patient with MELAS, epilepsy and aspiration pneumonia in 1 patient with MELAS, and multiple metastases from gastric cancer and aspiration pneumonia in 1 patient with CPEO. CONCLUSION: Patients with CIP tend to have disorders that are suspected to be related to mitochondrial diseases at younger ages than are patients without CIP.
文摘Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO) is a rare disease due to a severe gastrointestinal motility disorder which may mimic,on both clinical and radiological grounds,mechanical obstruction.We report a case of a 26-year-old woman who presented to our institution for plain abdominal radiography for referred long-lasting constipation with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and distension.At X-ray,performed both in the upright and supine position,an isolated air-fluid level was depicted in the left flank,together with a number of radiological signs suggestive of pneumoperitoneum.First,subphrenic radiolucency could be observed in the upright film.Second,the intestinal wall of some jejunal loops appeared to be outlined in the right flank.Third,the inferior cardiac border was clearly depicted in the upright film.The patient however had no evidence ofperitoneal signs but only hypoactive bowel movements.Unenhanced multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT) of the abdomen and pelvis was therefore performed.MDCT revealed abnormal air-driven distension of the small and large bowel,without evidence of extraluminal air.All radiological signs of pneumoperitoneum turned out to be false-positive results.The patient was submitted to pan-colonoscopy and to anorectal manometry to rule out Hirshprung's disease,and was finally discharged with a diagnosis of CIPO.
文摘Herpes zoster(HZ) infection occurs in approximately 10% to 30% of individuals. Visceral neuropathies secondary to HZ can cause cystitis and urinary retention. But colonic pseudo-obstruction can also occur. Peripheral neuropathy may reveal segmental motor paresis of either upper or lower limbs, the abdominal muscles or the diaphragm. We report the case of a 62-year-old male patient who presented with abdominal distention and cutaneous vesicular eruption on the left side of the abdominal wall. Plain X-rays and computed tomography scan showed distended small bowel. A diagnosis of intestinal pseudo-obstruction was made secondary to segmental paresis of the small intestine and visceral neuropathy. Conservative management was successful and the patient was discharged uneventfully. Intestinal pseudo-obstruction ought to be consideredwhen dealing with non-obstructive(adynamic) conditions of the digestive tract associated with HZ infection; since early recognition may help to avoid unnecessary surgery.
文摘Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) is an infre-quent complication of an active systemic lupus erythema-tosus (SLE). We illustrate a case of SLE inactive-related CIP. A 51-year old female with inactive SLE (ECLAM score 2) was hospitalized with postprandial fullness, vomiting, abdominal bloating and abdominal pain. She had had no bowel movements for five days. Plain abdominal X-ray revealed multiple fluid levels and dilated small and large bowel loops with air-fluid levels. Intestinal contrast radiology detected dilated loops. CIP was diagnosed. The patient was treated with prokinetics, octreotide, claritromycin, rifaximin, azathioprine and tegaserod without any clinical improvement. Then methylprednisolone (500 mg iv daily) was started. After the first administration, the patient showed peristaltic movements. A bowel movement was reported after the second administration. A plain abdominal X-ray revealed no air-fluid levels. Steroid therapy was slowly reduced with complete resolution of the symptoms. The patient is still in a good clinical condition. SLE-related CIP is generally reported as a complication of an active disease. In our case, CIP was the only clinical demonstration of the SLE.
文摘Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy （PEC） is increasingly proposed as an alternative to surgery to treat various disorders, including acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and relapsing sigmoid volvulus. We report on a severe complication that occurred two months after PEC placement. A 74-year-old man with a history of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction evolving since 8 years was readmitted to our hospital and received PEC to provide long-standing relief. The procedure was uneventful and greatly improved the patient＇s quality of life. Two months later, the patient developed acute stercoral peritonitis. At laparotomy, the colostomy flange was embedded in the abdominal wall but no pressure necrosis was found at the level of the colonic wall. This complication was likely related to inadvertent traction of the colostomy tube. Subtotal colectomy with terminal ileostomy was performed. We review the major features of 60 cases of PEC reported to date, including indications and complications.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100402)National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(2022-Open subject-11)+1 种基金Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200271)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101919)。
文摘2'-Fucosyllactose(2'-FL)shows the potential to support intestinal health as a natural prebiotic that bridges the gap between infant formula feeding and breastfeeding.However,the effect and mechanism of 2'-FL in improving intestinal permeability are not clear.In this study,we constructed human microbiota-associated(HMA)mouse models by colonizing healthy infant feces in mice with antibiotic-depleted intestinal microbiota.The protective effect of 2'-FL on the intestinal permeability was explored using the HMA mouse models,and the combination of metagenomics was used to analyze the possible mechanisms by which the microorganisms reduced the intestinal permeability.The results showed that 2'-FL decreased the concentration of markers of intestinal permeability(enterotoxin and diamine oxidase(DAO))and increased the expression levels of tight junctions(occludin and claudin).Metagenomics revealed the enrichment of Bifidobacterium and increased the expression of glycoside hydrolases(GHs),including GH31,GH28,and GH5.In conclusion,2'-FL strengthened intestinal permeability function by improving microbiota composition to control the translocation of harmful substance.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1300404)。
文摘Background The synchronized absorption of amino acids(AAs)and glucose in the gut is crucial for effective AA utilization and protein synthesis in the body.The study investigated how the starch digestion rate and AA levels impact intestinal AA digestion,transport and metabolism,breast muscle protein metabolism,and growth in grower broilers.A total of 72021-day-old healthy male Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly assigned to 12 treatments,each with 6 replicates of 10 birds.The treatments comprised 3 different starch[corn:control,cassava:rapidly digestible starch(RDS),and pea:slowly digestible starch(SDS)]with 4 different AA levels[based on standardized ileal digestible lysine(SID Lys),0.92%,1.02%(as the standard),1.12%and 1.22%].Results An interaction between dietary starch sources and SID Lys levels significantly affected breast muscle yield(P=0.033).RDS and SDS diets,or SID Lys levels of 0.92%,1.02%,or 1.22%,significantly decreased the breast muscle yield of broilers in contrast to the corn starch diet with 1.12%SID Lys(P=0.033).The SID Lys levels of 1.12%and 1.22%markedly improved body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG)from 22 to 42 days of age,and mRNA expression of y^(+)LAT1 and mTOR while reducing feed intake(FI)and feed/gain ratio(F/G)compared to the 0.92%SID Lys level(P<0.05).The SDS diet significantly decreased BW and BWG of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age,distal ileal starch digestibility,jejunal amylase and chymotrypsin activities,and mRNA expression of GLUT2 and y^(+)LAT1 compared to the corn starch diet(P<0.05).The RDS diet suppressed the breast muscle mass by down-regulating expression of mTOR,S6K1,and eIF4E and up-regulating expression of MuRF,CathepsinB,Atrogin-1,and M-calpain compared to the corn starch diet(P<0.05).Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the SDS diet significantly increased acetyl-CoA andα-ketoglutaric acid levels in the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle(P<0.05)but decreased the ileal digestibility of Lys,Tyr,Leu,Asp,Ser,Gly,Pro,Arg,Ile,and Val compared to the corn starch group(P<0.05).Conclusion The SDS diet impaired broiler growth by reducing intestinal starch digestibility,which inhibited intestinal AA and glucose absorption and utilization,increased AA oxidation for energy supply,and lowered the efficiency of protein synthesis.Although the RDS diet resulted in growth performance similar to the corn starch diet,it reduced breast muscle mass by inhibiting protein synthesis and promoting degradation.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System Program(Project No.CARS-41-G04)。
文摘Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)in broiler chickens leads to significant economic losses in poultry production.This study examined the inhibitory effects of usnic acid and tannic acid on coccidia,sporozoite,and Clostridium perfringens and assessed their influence on growth performance and intestinal health in NE-challenged broilers through in vitro and in vivo experiments.Methods The in vitro experiment included 5 treatment groups:the negative control(NC),2μmol/L diclazuril(DZ),30μmol/L usnic acid(UA),90μmol/L tannic acid(TA),and 15μmol/L usnic acid^(+)45μmol/L tannic acid(UTA)groups.The in vivo experiment involved 320 broilers divided into four groups:PC(NE-challenged),SA(500 mg/kg salinomycin premix^(+)NE-challenged),UA(300 mg/kg usnic acid^(+)NE-challenged),and UTA(300 mg/kg usnic acid^(+)500 mg/kg tannic acid^(+)NE-challenged)groups.Results In the in vitro study,the UA,TA,and UTA treatments significantly increased apoptosis in coccidian oocysts and sporozoites,lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.05),and disrupted the oocyst structure compared with those in the NC group.UA and TA had inhibitory effects on C.perfringens,with the strongest inhibition observed in the UTA group.The in vivo results demonstrated that the SA group presented significantly improved growth performance on d 13,21,and 28(P<0.05),whereas the UA and UTA groups presented improvements on d 13 and 21(P<0.05).The SA,UA,and UTA treatments reduced the intestinal lesion scores by d 28 and the fecal coccidian oocyst counts from d 19 to 21(P<0.05).Compared with the PC group,the UA and UTA groups presented lower intestinal sIgA levels and CD8^(+)cell percentages(P<0.05),with a trend toward a reduced CD3^(+)cell percentage(P=0.069).The SA,UA,and UTA treatments significantly reduced the serum diamine oxidase activity,crypt depth,and plateletderived growth factor levels in the intestinal mucosa while increasing the villus height to crypt depth ratio and number of goblet cells(P<0.05).The UTA treatment also significantly increased the acetate and butyrate concentrations in the cecum(P<0.05).With respect to the gut microbiota,significant changes inβdiversity in the ileum and cecum were observed in the SA,UA,and UTA groups,indicating that the microbial community compositions differed among the groups.Romboutsia dominated the SA group,Bacillales dominated the UA group,and Lactobacillales and Lachnospirales dominated the UTA group in the ileal microbiota.In the cecal microbiota,Lactobacillus,Butyricicoccus,and Blautia abundances were significantly elevated in the UTA group(P<0.05).Conclusion Usnic acid and tannic acid induce apoptosis in coccidia and sporozoites by lowering the mitochondrial membrane potential.Both usnic acid alone and in combination with tannic acid alleviate NE-induced adverse effects in broilers by modulating intestinal immunity,altering the microbial composition,and improving intestinal barrier function.Compared with usnic acid alone,the combination of usnic acid and tannic acid had superior effects,providing a promising basis for the development of effective feed additive combinations.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.2022B1515020003the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82174369,No.82405397,No.82374442,and No.81973847+2 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF No.GZC20233247National Key Clinical Disciplineand the Program of Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,No.2020B1111170004.
文摘BACKGROUND The development of slow transit constipation(STC)is associated with intestinal barrier damage.Huangqi decoction(HQD)is effective in treating STC,but me-chanisms are unclear.AIM To investigate whether HQD alleviates STC by downregulating the nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)signaling pathway and restoring intestinal barrier function.METHODS KM mice were divided into control,model,and HQD treatment groups.Fresh colonic tissues were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial tra-nscriptome sequencing.The expressions of claudin-1,mucin 2,and NF-κB P65 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.In vitro experiments evaluated the effects of HQD on the LS174T cell line.RESULTS HQD improved intestinal motility,restored mucosal epithelium function and morphology.Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing data showed a reduction in goblet cells,decreased mucin 2 secretion,and activated apoptotic pathways in STC mice.The population of intestinal stem cells was reduced,and proliferation along with Wnt/β-catenin pathways were inhibited.STC also altered the distribution of intestinal cell states,increasing immune-associated Enterocyte_C3.Aberrant NF-κB pathway activation was noted across various cell types.After HQD treatment,NF-κB pathway activity was down-regulated,while cell proliferation pathways were up-regulated,alongside an increase in Enterocyte_C1 related to material transport.Immunocytochemical,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed NF-κB pathway activation in goblet cells of STC mice,with HQD inhibiting this aberrant activation.CONCLUSION STC involves intestinal mucosal barrier damage.HQD may treat STC by suppressing NF-κB signaling in epithelial cells,restoring intestinal epithelial cell function,and promoting mucosal barrier repair.
文摘[Objective]To explore the protective effect of selenomethionine(Se-Met)on oxidative stress and intestinal barrier damage in mice infected with porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)and the potential regulatory mechanism.[Methods]Forty female C57 mice were randomly grouped as follows:control,Se-Met(0.3 mg/kg Se),PDCoV,and Se-Met+PDCoV(0.3 mg/kg Se).After being fed with or without Se-Met for 23 days,the mice in the PDCoV group and the Se-Met+PDCoV group were administrated with 300μL suspension of PDCoV HNZK-02-P5 strain(1×10^(6)TCID50)by gavage,while those in the other two groups were administered with the same volume of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium(DMEM).All the mice were observed daily for clinical signs,food intake,and body weight changes until day 28.At five days post-inoculation(dpi),intestinal tissues were collected and PDCoV titers were determined.Hematoxylin staining and eosin staining were used to monitor pathological changes in intestinal tissues.Oxidative stress-related indicators such as malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)were investigated.The level of ROS in the jejunum tissue was measured via a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)probe.Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the changes of small intestinal tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and Occludin).The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-10),intestinal tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and Occludin),and the Nrf2 signaling pathway-associated factors(Nrf2,HO-1,and NQO1)were determined by RT-qPCR.Western blotting was employed to assess the protein levels of factors related to the Nrf2 signaling pathway.[Results]The results of body weight,food intake,pathological examination,and viral RNA titers in different intestinal tissues revealed that Se-Met might increase the body weight,decrease viral titers in intestinal tissues,and attenuate PDCoV-induced structural damage of intestinal villi in PDCoV-infected mice.Se-Met attenuated PDCoV-induced inflammation by lowering the mRNA levels of major inflammatory cytokines,such as IL-1β,IL-6,and TNFαin the jejunum.Se-Met ameliorated PDCoV-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage by up-regulating the mRNA levels of ZO-1 and Occludin in the jejunum.Se-Met ameliorated PDCoV-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of ROS and MDA and increasing the levels of GSH-PX and SOD in the jejunum.Se-Met inhibited PDCoV-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.[Conclusion]Se-Met may attenuate the intestinal injury in mice infected with PDCoV by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway,which provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of PDCoV infection.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund Project of Education Department of Yunnan Province,China(No.2024Y386).
文摘Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis,such as modifications in composition and activity,might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways,thereby promoting susceptibility to lung diseases.The development and progression of lung cancer,as well as the effectiveness of immunotherapy are closely associated with gut flora and metabolites,which influence immunological and inflammatory responses.During abnormal proliferation,non-small cell lung cancer cells acquire more substances and energy by altering their own metabolic pathways.Glucose and amino acid metabolism reprogramming provide tumor cells with abundant ATP,carbon,and nitrogen sources,respectively,providing optimal conditions for tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and immune escape.This article reviews the relationship of immune response with gut flora and metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer,and discusses the potential mechanisms by which gut flora and metabolic reprogramming affect the occurrence,development,and immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer,in order to provide new ideas for precision treatment of lung cancer patients.
文摘Lithopedion is a rare clinical situation characterised by the calcification of a foetus that has died during an ectopic pregnancy, usually in the abdominal cavity. It occurs in 1.5 to 2% of ectopic pregnancies. It can be asymptomatic for several years. However, various complications can occur that lead to diagnosis. The authors report a case of lithopedion complicated by acute intestinal obstruction in a 24-year-old woman in her first pregnancy. This complication occurred after 12 months of amenorrhoea. A mass containing a calcified foetus was removed by laparotomy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372830 and 31972528).
文摘Background Weaning stress-induced diarrhea is widely recognized as being associated with gut microbiota dysbio-sis.However,it has been challenging to clarify which specific intestinal microbiota and their metabolites play a crucial role in the antidiarrhea process of weaned piglets.Results In this study,we first observed that piglets with diarrhea exhibited a lower average daily gain and higher diarrhea score,and elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and D-lactate(D-LA)compared to healthy piglets.Subsequently,we analyzed the differences in intestinal microbial composition and metabolite levels between healthy and diarrheal weaned piglets.Diarrheal piglets demonstrated intestinal microbiota dysbiosis,characterized pri-marily by a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio,a deficiency of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus reuteri,and an increased abundance of Bacteroides sp.HF-5287 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.Functional pro-filing of the gut microbiota based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)data was performed,and the results showed that tryptophan metabolism was the most significantly inhibited pathway in piglets with diar-rhea.Most tryptophan metabolites were detected at lower concentrations in diarrheal piglets than in healthy piglets.Furthermore,we explored the effects of dietary indole-3-aldehyde(IAld),a key tryptophan metabolite,on intestinal development and gut barrier function in weaned piglets.Supplementation with 100 mg/kg IAld in the diet increased the small intestine index and improved intestinal barrier function by promoting intestinal stem cell(ISC)expansion in piglets.The promotion of ISC expansion by IAld was also confirmed in porcine intestinal organoids.Conclusions These findings revealed that intestinal microbial tryptophan metabolite IAld alleviates impaired intesti-nal development by promoting ISC expansion in weaned piglets.
