[Objectives] The paper was to study the effects of probiotics on breeding environment of livestock and poultry and intestinal microorgan-isms of breeding animals. [Method] Chicken houses and hog houses were selected a...[Objectives] The paper was to study the effects of probiotics on breeding environment of livestock and poultry and intestinal microorgan-isms of breeding animals. [Method] Chicken houses and hog houses were selected as the research objects. The breeding house supplemented with basal diet was used as the control group;the breeding house sprayed with probiotics product 1 was experimental group 1(exogenous treatment);the basal diet mixed with probiotics product 2 and drinking water mixed with product 3 was experimental group 2(endogenous treatment);and the com-bination of the two experimental groups was experimental group 3. [Results] Experimental groups 1 and 2 reduced the concentration of ammonia in hog houses and chicken houses, and the effect of experimental group 2 was better than that of experimental group 1. Experimental group 3 had the best effect, which significantly reduced the ammonia concentration in hog houses and chicken houses by 28.67% and 34.09%, respectively, and the average ammonia concentration outside the house within the range of 100-300 m was less than 2 mg/m^(3). Moreover, it significantly increased the number of intestinal lactobacillus and reduced the number of Escherichia coli. [Conclusions] Probiotics can effectively reduce the ammonia concentration in livestock and poultry breeding environment, and improve the intestinal microbial structure of breeding animals. The technology of spraying exogenous probiotics combined with the use of content-derived probiotics has great potential for popularization and application.展开更多
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)is a major pathogen causing diarrhea in weaned piglets,and oral administration of probiotics has become an important strategy for preventing and treating ETEC-induced diarrhea.The...Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)is a major pathogen causing diarrhea in weaned piglets,and oral administration of probiotics has become an important strategy for preventing and treating ETEC-induced diarrhea.The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of two probiotics,Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis,on ETEC-induced injury in piglets.Twenty-four piglets were randomly divided into control(CON)group(fed with a basal diet and treated with sterile saline),ETEC group(fed with the basal diet and treated with ETEC),LP-ETEC group(fed with the basal diet and treated with ETEC and L.plantarum)and LB-ETEC group(fed with the basal diet and treated with ETEC and L.brevis),with 6 piglets in each group.The experiment lasted for 21 days.The results indicated that both probiotics were able to inhibit the ETEC-induced reduction in daily weight gain of piglets and prevent the damage to jejunum.L.brevis significantly increased daily weight gain(P=0.012),while L.plantarum showed a similar trend(P=0.063).Serum metabolomic analysis showed that both probiotics significantly increased some beneficial metabolites including phosphatidylethanolamine,monoacylglyceride,cholic acid and rhodoxanthin(P<0.05).Transcriptome sequencing indicated that L.plantarum and L.brevis may alleviate piglet diarrhea by regulating genes including LBH and RNASE1.According to 16s rRNA sequencing,both probiotics were able to maintain the normal microbial community of the gut.In summary,L.plantarum and L.brevis can protect piglets from ETEC-induced damage and promote healthy growth of piglets by regulating metabolites and gene expression.展开更多
Trace metal elements, such as iron, copper, manganese, and zinc, are essential nutrients for biological processes. Although their intake demand is low, they play a crucial role in cell homeostasis as the cofactors of ...Trace metal elements, such as iron, copper, manganese, and zinc, are essential nutrients for biological processes. Although their intake demand is low, they play a crucial role in cell homeostasis as the cofactors of various enzymes. Symbiotic intestinal microorganisms compete with their host for the use of trace metal elements. Moreover, the metabolic processes of trace metal elements in the host and microorganisms affect the organism's health. Supplementation or the lack of trace metal elements in the host can change the intestinal microbial community structure and function. Functional changes in symbiotic microorganisms can affect the host's metabolism of trace metal elements. In this review, we discuss the absorption and transport processes of trace metal elements in the host and symbiotic microorganisms and the effects of dynamic changes in the levels of trace metal elements on the intestinal microbial community structure. We also highlight the participation of trace metal elements as enzyme cofactors in the host immune process. Our findings indicate that the host uses metal nutrition immunity or metal poisoning to resist pathogens and improve immunity.展开更多
Studies have shown that grain polyphenols are mainly utilized by microorganisms in the large intestine and feedback regulate the composition of intestinal microorganisms.In addition,microorganisms in the intestine and...Studies have shown that grain polyphenols are mainly utilized by microorganisms in the large intestine and feedback regulate the composition of intestinal microorganisms.In addition,microorganisms in the intestine and the host are interdependent,and the polyphenols can coordinate their social behaviors through quorum sensing(QS)communication system.Therefore,the interaction between grain polyphenols and intestinal microorganisms were preliminarily explored in this paper,and the classification of grain polyphenols,the digestion and absorption of grain polyphenols in the gastrointestinal tract and the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and QS were summarized.It was found that grain polyphenols had a promoting effect on intestinal beneficial bacteria,and plant polyphenols can be used as a QS inhibitor to regulate the expression of virulence factors of some intestinal harmful bacteria.This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the study on the regulation of intestinal microorganisms by grain polyphenols through QS mechanism,in order to regulate intestinal homeostasis and promote human health.展开更多
The animal gut harbors diverse microbes that play an essential role in the well-being of their host.Specific diets,such as those rich in dietary fiber,are vital in disease prevention and treatment because they affect ...The animal gut harbors diverse microbes that play an essential role in the well-being of their host.Specific diets,such as those rich in dietary fiber,are vital in disease prevention and treatment because they affect intestinal flora and have a positive impact on the metabolism,immunity,and intestinal function of the host.Dietary fiber can provide energy to colonic epithelial cells,regulate the structure and metabolism of intestinal flora,promote the production of intestinal mucosa,stimulate intestinal motility,improve glycemic and lipid responses,and regulate the digestion and absorption of nutrients,which is mainly attributed to short-chain fatty acids(SCFA),which is the metabolite of dietary fiber.By binding with G protein-coupled receptors(including GPR41,GPR43 and GPR109A)and inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylases,SCFA regulate appetite and glucolipid metabolism,promote the function of the intestinal barrier,alleviate oxidative stress,suppress inflammation,and maintain immune system homeostasis.This paper reviews the physicochemical properties of dietary fiber,the interaction between dietary fiber and intestinal microorganisms,the role of dietary fiber in maintaining intestinal health,and the function of SCFA,the metabolite of dietary fiber,in inhibiting inflammation.Furthermore,we consider the effects of dietary fiber on the intestinal health of pigs,the reproduction and lactation performance of sows,and the growth performance and meat quality of pigs.展开更多
Objective:The systemic inflammatory response is regarded as the major cause of endotoxin-induced coagulopathy,which is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with severe sepsis.Simvastatin plays an important role...Objective:The systemic inflammatory response is regarded as the major cause of endotoxin-induced coagulopathy,which is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with severe sepsis.Simvastatin plays an important role in reducing inflammation.In addition,the gut has long been hypothesized to be the“motor”of critical illness,driving or aggravating sepsis by the increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation.展开更多
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)has become a prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide because of lifestyle and dietary changes.Gut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to play a critical role...Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)has become a prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide because of lifestyle and dietary changes.Gut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MAFLD.Understanding of the function of gut microbiota and its metabolites in MAFLD may help to elucidate pathological mechanisms,identify diagnostic markers,and develop drugs or probiotics for the treatment of MAFLD.Here we review the pathogenesis of MAFLD by gut microbiota and its metabolites and discuss the feasibility of treating MAFLD from the perspective of gut microbes.展开更多
A total of 80 piglets (7.9 ± 1.0 kg) were used in a feeding experiment with dried oregano. The diets differed in their oregano content: 0 g, 2 g, 4 g and 8 g oregano/kg feed, corresponding to 0, 23.5, 46.9 and 93...A total of 80 piglets (7.9 ± 1.0 kg) were used in a feeding experiment with dried oregano. The diets differed in their oregano content: 0 g, 2 g, 4 g and 8 g oregano/kg feed, corresponding to 0, 23.5, 46.9 and 93.9 mg carvacrol/kg DM. After the experimental period of 5 weeks, 20 piglets of both extreme feeding groups were slaughtered: 10 animals of the control group and 10 animals of the group that received 8 g oregano/kg. Ingesta samples of jejunum, caecum and colon were collected and analyzed by FISH and PCR RFLP to compare the diversity of microbiota. The results showed no significant changes in microbiota in response to oregano. The patterns of the PCR-RFLP showed a similarity of 61.8% - 91.8% in both feeding groups. In conclusion, an effect of oregano on the in- testinal microbiota could not be shown under the methods used.展开更多
Intestinal flora play an important role in human's immune system. Many bacteria adhere to the wall of the testinal wall. These Intestinal flora help digestion, and also stop their disease-causing counterparts from...Intestinal flora play an important role in human's immune system. Many bacteria adhere to the wall of the testinal wall. These Intestinal flora help digestion, and also stop their disease-causing counterparts from invading. Most of the current researches focused on the interaction between cells and the construction of organs, but few researches studied on the role of microorganisms and cells. Here, we developed an in vitro living cell systems to simulate the structure, absorption, transport and pathophysiological characteristics of the human intestinal tract and the key microbial symbiosis. The co-culture of Clostridium butyricum(C.butyricum) and colon cancer cells showed a different immune effect. C. butyricum could inhibit the proliferation of HCT116 cells, cause cell cycle arrest and promote apoptosis. But it had no significant effect on Caco-2 cells. Thus, basic functional characteristics of the gut were successfully simulated in a controlled microfluidic system. This approach is suggested as a powerful method in the investigation on drug metabolism and intestinal diseases.展开更多
基金Supported by Instructive Project of Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Plan(2019Y6005)。
文摘[Objectives] The paper was to study the effects of probiotics on breeding environment of livestock and poultry and intestinal microorgan-isms of breeding animals. [Method] Chicken houses and hog houses were selected as the research objects. The breeding house supplemented with basal diet was used as the control group;the breeding house sprayed with probiotics product 1 was experimental group 1(exogenous treatment);the basal diet mixed with probiotics product 2 and drinking water mixed with product 3 was experimental group 2(endogenous treatment);and the com-bination of the two experimental groups was experimental group 3. [Results] Experimental groups 1 and 2 reduced the concentration of ammonia in hog houses and chicken houses, and the effect of experimental group 2 was better than that of experimental group 1. Experimental group 3 had the best effect, which significantly reduced the ammonia concentration in hog houses and chicken houses by 28.67% and 34.09%, respectively, and the average ammonia concentration outside the house within the range of 100-300 m was less than 2 mg/m^(3). Moreover, it significantly increased the number of intestinal lactobacillus and reduced the number of Escherichia coli. [Conclusions] Probiotics can effectively reduce the ammonia concentration in livestock and poultry breeding environment, and improve the intestinal microbial structure of breeding animals. The technology of spraying exogenous probiotics combined with the use of content-derived probiotics has great potential for popularization and application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(32472930,31772642)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(22A0154)Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department(2019TP2004).
文摘Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)is a major pathogen causing diarrhea in weaned piglets,and oral administration of probiotics has become an important strategy for preventing and treating ETEC-induced diarrhea.The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of two probiotics,Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis,on ETEC-induced injury in piglets.Twenty-four piglets were randomly divided into control(CON)group(fed with a basal diet and treated with sterile saline),ETEC group(fed with the basal diet and treated with ETEC),LP-ETEC group(fed with the basal diet and treated with ETEC and L.plantarum)and LB-ETEC group(fed with the basal diet and treated with ETEC and L.brevis),with 6 piglets in each group.The experiment lasted for 21 days.The results indicated that both probiotics were able to inhibit the ETEC-induced reduction in daily weight gain of piglets and prevent the damage to jejunum.L.brevis significantly increased daily weight gain(P=0.012),while L.plantarum showed a similar trend(P=0.063).Serum metabolomic analysis showed that both probiotics significantly increased some beneficial metabolites including phosphatidylethanolamine,monoacylglyceride,cholic acid and rhodoxanthin(P<0.05).Transcriptome sequencing indicated that L.plantarum and L.brevis may alleviate piglet diarrhea by regulating genes including LBH and RNASE1.According to 16s rRNA sequencing,both probiotics were able to maintain the normal microbial community of the gut.In summary,L.plantarum and L.brevis can protect piglets from ETEC-induced damage and promote healthy growth of piglets by regulating metabolites and gene expression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772642, 31672457)Ministry of Agricultural of the People’s Republic of China (2015-Z64, 2016-X47)+4 种基金Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department (2021J30008, 2019TP2004,2017NK2322, 2016WK2008, 2016TP2005)Double first-class construction project of Hunan Agricultural University (SYL201802003)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M632963, 2019T120705)Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province (CX20210654)Science and Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project for University Students of Hunan Province (2021RC1004)。
文摘Trace metal elements, such as iron, copper, manganese, and zinc, are essential nutrients for biological processes. Although their intake demand is low, they play a crucial role in cell homeostasis as the cofactors of various enzymes. Symbiotic intestinal microorganisms compete with their host for the use of trace metal elements. Moreover, the metabolic processes of trace metal elements in the host and microorganisms affect the organism's health. Supplementation or the lack of trace metal elements in the host can change the intestinal microbial community structure and function. Functional changes in symbiotic microorganisms can affect the host's metabolism of trace metal elements. In this review, we discuss the absorption and transport processes of trace metal elements in the host and symbiotic microorganisms and the effects of dynamic changes in the levels of trace metal elements on the intestinal microbial community structure. We also highlight the participation of trace metal elements as enzyme cofactors in the host immune process. Our findings indicate that the host uses metal nutrition immunity or metal poisoning to resist pathogens and improve immunity.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(32202200)the Major Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Department(grant number 2021SZD0017).
文摘Studies have shown that grain polyphenols are mainly utilized by microorganisms in the large intestine and feedback regulate the composition of intestinal microorganisms.In addition,microorganisms in the intestine and the host are interdependent,and the polyphenols can coordinate their social behaviors through quorum sensing(QS)communication system.Therefore,the interaction between grain polyphenols and intestinal microorganisms were preliminarily explored in this paper,and the classification of grain polyphenols,the digestion and absorption of grain polyphenols in the gastrointestinal tract and the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and QS were summarized.It was found that grain polyphenols had a promoting effect on intestinal beneficial bacteria,and plant polyphenols can be used as a QS inhibitor to regulate the expression of virulence factors of some intestinal harmful bacteria.This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the study on the regulation of intestinal microorganisms by grain polyphenols through QS mechanism,in order to regulate intestinal homeostasis and promote human health.
基金supported by Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department(2021JJ30008,2020NK2004,2019TP2004)Double first-class construction project of Hunan Agricultural University(SYL201802003)Hunan Province Natural Science Foundation(2021JJ30320)。
文摘The animal gut harbors diverse microbes that play an essential role in the well-being of their host.Specific diets,such as those rich in dietary fiber,are vital in disease prevention and treatment because they affect intestinal flora and have a positive impact on the metabolism,immunity,and intestinal function of the host.Dietary fiber can provide energy to colonic epithelial cells,regulate the structure and metabolism of intestinal flora,promote the production of intestinal mucosa,stimulate intestinal motility,improve glycemic and lipid responses,and regulate the digestion and absorption of nutrients,which is mainly attributed to short-chain fatty acids(SCFA),which is the metabolite of dietary fiber.By binding with G protein-coupled receptors(including GPR41,GPR43 and GPR109A)and inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylases,SCFA regulate appetite and glucolipid metabolism,promote the function of the intestinal barrier,alleviate oxidative stress,suppress inflammation,and maintain immune system homeostasis.This paper reviews the physicochemical properties of dietary fiber,the interaction between dietary fiber and intestinal microorganisms,the role of dietary fiber in maintaining intestinal health,and the function of SCFA,the metabolite of dietary fiber,in inhibiting inflammation.Furthermore,we consider the effects of dietary fiber on the intestinal health of pigs,the reproduction and lactation performance of sows,and the growth performance and meat quality of pigs.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81873434)and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2020CFA065).
文摘Objective:The systemic inflammatory response is regarded as the major cause of endotoxin-induced coagulopathy,which is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with severe sepsis.Simvastatin plays an important role in reducing inflammation.In addition,the gut has long been hypothesized to be the“motor”of critical illness,driving or aggravating sepsis by the increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation.
基金partially supported by the Special Funding for the Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan(2021SK4031)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ50166)the Guidance Plan Project of Hengyang(hyzdxjh20213).
文摘Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)has become a prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide because of lifestyle and dietary changes.Gut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MAFLD.Understanding of the function of gut microbiota and its metabolites in MAFLD may help to elucidate pathological mechanisms,identify diagnostic markers,and develop drugs or probiotics for the treatment of MAFLD.Here we review the pathogenesis of MAFLD by gut microbiota and its metabolites and discuss the feasibility of treating MAFLD from the perspective of gut microbes.
文摘A total of 80 piglets (7.9 ± 1.0 kg) were used in a feeding experiment with dried oregano. The diets differed in their oregano content: 0 g, 2 g, 4 g and 8 g oregano/kg feed, corresponding to 0, 23.5, 46.9 and 93.9 mg carvacrol/kg DM. After the experimental period of 5 weeks, 20 piglets of both extreme feeding groups were slaughtered: 10 animals of the control group and 10 animals of the group that received 8 g oregano/kg. Ingesta samples of jejunum, caecum and colon were collected and analyzed by FISH and PCR RFLP to compare the diversity of microbiota. The results showed no significant changes in microbiota in response to oregano. The patterns of the PCR-RFLP showed a similarity of 61.8% - 91.8% in both feeding groups. In conclusion, an effect of oregano on the in- testinal microbiota could not be shown under the methods used.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2016JX03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21435002, 31400085, 81373373)
文摘Intestinal flora play an important role in human's immune system. Many bacteria adhere to the wall of the testinal wall. These Intestinal flora help digestion, and also stop their disease-causing counterparts from invading. Most of the current researches focused on the interaction between cells and the construction of organs, but few researches studied on the role of microorganisms and cells. Here, we developed an in vitro living cell systems to simulate the structure, absorption, transport and pathophysiological characteristics of the human intestinal tract and the key microbial symbiosis. The co-culture of Clostridium butyricum(C.butyricum) and colon cancer cells showed a different immune effect. C. butyricum could inhibit the proliferation of HCT116 cells, cause cell cycle arrest and promote apoptosis. But it had no significant effect on Caco-2 cells. Thus, basic functional characteristics of the gut were successfully simulated in a controlled microfluidic system. This approach is suggested as a powerful method in the investigation on drug metabolism and intestinal diseases.
