2'-Fucosyllactose(2'-FL)shows the potential to support intestinal health as a natural prebiotic that bridges the gap between infant formula feeding and breastfeeding.However,the effect and mechanism of 2'-...2'-Fucosyllactose(2'-FL)shows the potential to support intestinal health as a natural prebiotic that bridges the gap between infant formula feeding and breastfeeding.However,the effect and mechanism of 2'-FL in improving intestinal permeability are not clear.In this study,we constructed human microbiota-associated(HMA)mouse models by colonizing healthy infant feces in mice with antibiotic-depleted intestinal microbiota.The protective effect of 2'-FL on the intestinal permeability was explored using the HMA mouse models,and the combination of metagenomics was used to analyze the possible mechanisms by which the microorganisms reduced the intestinal permeability.The results showed that 2'-FL decreased the concentration of markers of intestinal permeability(enterotoxin and diamine oxidase(DAO))and increased the expression levels of tight junctions(occludin and claudin).Metagenomics revealed the enrichment of Bifidobacterium and increased the expression of glycoside hydrolases(GHs),including GH31,GH28,and GH5.In conclusion,2'-FL strengthened intestinal permeability function by improving microbiota composition to control the translocation of harmful substance.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),a chronic disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage,includes mainly Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.However,the cause of its onset remains unclear.The...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),a chronic disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage,includes mainly Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.However,the cause of its onset remains unclear.The pathogenesis of IBD is closely related to host genetic susceptibility,disorders of the intestinal flora,damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier,and abnormal intestinal mucosal immunity.On the basis of the progress in research on the structure of the intestinal microbiota involved in IBD,the influence of genetics on the intestinal barrier and intestinal microbiota;the metagenomics,metatranscriptomics,and metabolomics of the intestinal microbiota involved in IBD;and treatments such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation are important for the future treatment of IBD and the development of drugs for effective treatment.展开更多
As one of the most common metabolic diseases,type 2 diabetes(T2D)has become a public health concern with rising global prevalence.Corni fructus(CF),a traditional Chinese herb utilized for centuries as homologous medic...As one of the most common metabolic diseases,type 2 diabetes(T2D)has become a public health concern with rising global prevalence.Corni fructus(CF),a traditional Chinese herb utilized for centuries as homologous medicinal and food resources,has been widely used to treat glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.However,as a core active ingredient of CF,whether and how morroniside(MOR)improves T2D is still unclear.This study aimed to explore the pathways by which MOR ameliorates T2D in mice induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and low-dose streptozotocin through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.We found that MOR treatment significantly ameliorated body weight loss,hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in T2D mice.In addition,MOR remarkably improved inflammation-and oxidative stress-driven hepatic and pancreatic injuries in the model mice.Mechanistically,MOR rehabilitated the dysregulated diversity and constitution of the gut microbiota in T2D mice,with significant changes in relative abundance in genus such as Lactobacillus,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 which are believed to be highly correlated with serum parameters and insulin resistance in mice with T2D.Therefore,we infer that MOR improves T2D at least partially by maintaining the host microbiota homeostasis,and MOR may be a promising candidate for T2D treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic mucosa resection(EMR)is an important minimally invasive surgical method for treating early digestive tract tumors.In recent years,the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in disease occurrence a...BACKGROUND Endoscopic mucosa resection(EMR)is an important minimally invasive surgical method for treating early digestive tract tumors.In recent years,the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in disease occurrence and development has attracted increasing attention.However,the changes in intestinal microbiota after EMR and the effect of dietary fiber intervention on microbiota recovery remain insufficiently elucidated.AIM To investigate the effects of dietary fiber intervention on intestinal microbiota recovery in patients undergoing EMR and evaluate its potential to improve postoperative outcomes and intestinal microecological balance.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed intestinal microbiota sequencing and dietary fiber intervention in patients with EMR.Patients who underwent EMR surgery between 2020 and 2023 were selected and divided into a routine follow-up group and a dietary fiber intervention group.High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to detect changes in patient intestinal microbiota,and microbiota diversity,structure,and function in different intervention groups were compared and analyzed.RESULTS A total of 86 patients with EMR were included in the study.Results showed that:(1)Intestinal microbiota diversity significantly decreased after EMR surgery,with notable changes in the proportion of Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria;(2)The microbiota recovery rate in the dietary fiber intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group,with a significantly higher microbiota diversity index(P<0.05);and(3)The abundance of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the intervention group increased substantially,and intestinal barrier-related functional gene expression was upregulated.CONCLUSION Dietary fiber intervention can effectively promote intestinal microbiota recovery in patients with EMR,improve intestinal microecological balance,and provide a new intervention strategy for clinical post-EMR patient rehabilitation.展开更多
Forsythia suspensa,belonging to the deciduous shrubs of the Luteaceae family,a traditional Chinese medicine,has effects of alleviating swelling,clearing heat,detoxification and promoting blood circulation.The leaves o...Forsythia suspensa,belonging to the deciduous shrubs of the Luteaceae family,a traditional Chinese medicine,has effects of alleviating swelling,clearing heat,detoxification and promoting blood circulation.The leaves of F.suspensa contain multiple chemical components and have a long history of use in folk medicines and health foods.The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of forsythin extract from F.suspensa leaves on intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)content in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.Forsythin extract in F.suspensa leaves increased the abundance of the intestinal microbiota,ameliorated intestinal microbiota disorders and inhibited the increase in total SCFA content in the intestinal tract in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.These results suggested that forsythin extract in F.suspensa leaves may slow the development of obesity induced by a high-fat diet;thus,its active components and efficacy are worthy of further study.展开更多
In this study,the effects of sea buckthorn oil(SBO),fish oil(FO)and an enzymatically synthesized structured lipid(SL)on serum,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and intestinal microbiota in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were inve...In this study,the effects of sea buckthorn oil(SBO),fish oil(FO)and an enzymatically synthesized structured lipid(SL)on serum,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and intestinal microbiota in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were investigated.The results demonstrated that FO,SBO,and SL effectively reduced the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum of SD rats.SBO increased serum triglyceride levels,while FO elevated total cholesterol levels.Furthermore,all three dietary lipids decreased short-chain fatty acid production and enhanced intestinal microbiota diversity.FO increased the abundance of intestinal microbiota including Romboutsia,Lactobacillus,Escherichia-Shigella,and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group.Conversely,all three dietary lipids reduced the abundance of Klebsiella and Blautia.These findings provide a foundation for understanding the functionality of SBO and FO as well as their potential application in synthesizing novel SLs to regulate intestinal microbiota.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor desig...This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor design was adopted,and four treatments were administered with five replicates to 240 one-day-old AA broilers.The control group(group A)received a basal diet,while the experimental groups received a basal diet plus 33%(group B),67%(group C)and 100%(group D)FPFM,respectively.Compared with group A,(1)the average daily gain(ADG)in group C decreased(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)in group D increased(P<0.05);(2)the level of serum urea nitrogen in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,cholesterol,and glucose contents in group D increased(P<0.05)at day 21;(3)the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group B and the immunoglobulin A in group C increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group D decreased(P<0.05)at day 42;(4)the share force of breast muscle and thigh muscle in group D increased(P<0.05);(5)the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of group B increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the villus height in group C and D increased(P<0.05)at day 42;(6)the proteobacteria counts in the cecum digesta in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05)at day 21.The basal diet supplemented with 33%FPFM promoted protein metabolism,enhanced immunity and improved meat quality,promoted the digestion and absorption of nutrients,increased intestinal microbial diversity,and improved the content of beneficial bacteria without affecting the growth performance,it was possible to be used as a good substitute for fish meal.展开更多
The accumulation of growth-promoting antibiotic residues in animal products and the resistance developed by bacteria in poultry farms has led to a search for natural compounds derived from plants. This study was desig...The accumulation of growth-promoting antibiotic residues in animal products and the resistance developed by bacteria in poultry farms has led to a search for natural compounds derived from plants. This study was designed to promote the production performance of broiler chickens using fresh Cupressus sempervirens leaves infusion. Fresh Cupressus sempervirens leaves were harvested, washed, chopped and ground to a paste using a blender and fermented for three days in a closed container at a rate of 500 g/L of water. The solution obtained was filtered and added at the rate of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ml/L of drinking water. The chickens fed on the graded level of the solution were compared to a control ration without an additive and positive control group supplemented with 1 g antibiotic/kg feed. At the finisher phase and throughout the study period, water intake increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of infusion. Feed intake decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with 2 and 4 ml of infusion/L drinking water. Live weight and weight gain were significantly (P < 0.05) higher with 6 ml/L, while feed conversion significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with the same treatment compared with the control treatment without additives (T0). Carcass characteristics were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by the inclusion of Cupressus sempervirens infusion. Haematological parameters significantly (P < 0.05) increase independently of the rate of incorporation of the infusion into the drinking water, with the exception of RBCs, MCHT and PCT. Serum content in total protein, globulins, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly (P < 0.05) high with 8 and 10 ml Cupressus sempervirens infusion/litre drinking water as compared to all other treatments. AST, ALT, urea, creatine, albumin, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were not significantly affected. The lactic acid bacteria load increased significantly (P E. coli and salmonella counts decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with infusion compared to the control without additive. In conclusion, 6 ml of Cupressus sempervirens infusion can be used as an alternative to antibiotic feed additives to promote growth performance in broilers.展开更多
The incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is rapidly increasing worldwide.However,the pathogenesis of T2DM has not yet been well explained.Recent evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota composition is associated ...The incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is rapidly increasing worldwide.However,the pathogenesis of T2DM has not yet been well explained.Recent evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota composition is associated with obesity and T2DM.In this review,we provide an overview about the mechanisms underlying the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of T2DM.There is clear evidence that the intestinal microbiota influences the host through its effect on body weight,bile acid metabolism,proinflammatory activity and insulin resistance,and modulation of gut hormones.Modulating gut microbiota with the use of probiotics,prebiotics,antibiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation may have benefits for improvement in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in the host.Further studies are required to increase our understanding of the complex interplay between intestinal microbiota and the host with T2DM.Further studies may be able to boost the development of new effective therapeutic approaches for T2DM.展开更多
The pool of microbes inhabiting our body is known as “microbiota” and their collective genomes as “microbiome”. The colon is the most densely populated organ in the huma...The pool of microbes inhabiting our body is known as “microbiota” and their collective genomes as “microbiome”. The colon is the most densely populated organ in the human body, although other parts, such as the skin, vaginal mucosa, or respiratory tract, also harbour specific microbiota. This microbial community regulates some important metabolic and physiological functions of the host, and drives the maturation of the immune system in early life, contributing to its homeostasis during life. Alterations of the intestinal microbiota can occur by changes in composition (dysbiosis), function, or microbiota-host interactions and they can be directly correlated with several diseases. The only disease in which a clear causal role of a dysbiotic microbiota has been demonstrated is the case of Clostridium difficile infections. Nonetheless, alterations in composition and function of the microbiota have been associated with several gastrointestinal diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, or irritable bowel syndrome), as well as extra-intestinal pathologies, such as those affecting the liver, or the respiratory tract (e.g., allergy, bronchial asthma, and cystic fibrosis), among others. Species of Bifidobacterium genus are the normal inhabitants of a healthy human gut and alterations in number and composition of their populations is one of the most frequent features present in these diseases. The use of probiotics, including bifidobacteria strains, in preventive medicine to maintain a healthy intestinal function is well documented. Probiotics are also proposed as therapeutic agents for gastrointestinal disorders and other pathologies. The World Gastroenterology Organization recently published potential clinical applications for several probiotic formulations, in which species of lactobacilli are predominant. This review is focused on probiotic preparations containing Bifidobacterium strains, alone or in combination with other bacteria, which have been tested in human clinical studies. In spite of extensive literature on and research into this topic, the degree of scientific evidence of the effectiveness of probiotics is still insufficient in most cases. More effort need to be made to design and conduct accurate human studies demonstrating the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention, alleviation, or treatment of different pathologies.展开更多
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).The pathogenesis of IBD involves inappropriate ongoing activation of the mucosal immune system driven by abnormal intestinal microbi...The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).The pathogenesis of IBD involves inappropriate ongoing activation of the mucosal immune system driven by abnormal intestinal microbiota in genetically predisposed individuals.However,there are still no definitive microbial pathogens linked to the onset of IBD.The composition and function of the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites are indeed disturbed in IBD patients.The special alterations of gut microbiota associated with IBD remain to be evaluated.The microbial interactions and hostmicrobe immune interactions are still not clarified.Limitations of present probiotic products in IBD are mainly due to modest clinical efficacy,few available strains and no standardized administration.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)may restore intestinal microbial ho-meostasis,and preliminary data have shown the clinical efficacy of FMT on refractory IBD or IBD combined with Clostridium difficile infection.Additionally,synthetic microbiota transplantation with the defined composition of fecal microbiota is also a promising therapeutic approach for IBD.However,FMT-related barriers,including the mechanism of restoring gut microbiota,standardized donor screening,fecal material preparation and administration,and long-term safety should be resolved.The role of intestinal microbiota and FMT in IBD should be further investigated by metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses combined with germfree/human flora-associated animals and chemostat gut models.展开更多
Bile acid（BA） is de novo synthesized exclusively in the liver and has direct or indirect antimicrobial effects. On the other hand, the composition and size of the BA pool can be altered by intestinal microbiota via ...Bile acid（BA） is de novo synthesized exclusively in the liver and has direct or indirect antimicrobial effects. On the other hand, the composition and size of the BA pool can be altered by intestinal microbiota via the biotransformation of primary BAs to secondary BAs, and subsequently regulate the nuclear farnesoid X receptor（FXR; NR1H4）. The BA-activated FXR plays important roles in BA synthesis and metabolism, glucose and lipid metabolism, and even hepatic autophagy. BAs can also play a role in the interplays among intestinal microbes. In this review, we mainly discuss the interactions between BAs and intestinal microbiota and their roles in regulating host metabolism, and probably the autophagic signaling pathway.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a chronic liver disorder that is increasing in prevalence with the worldwide epidemic of obesity. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The term NAFLD...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a chronic liver disorder that is increasing in prevalence with the worldwide epidemic of obesity. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The term NAFLD describes a spectrum of liver pathology ranges from simple steatosis to steatosis with inflammation nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and even cirrhosis. Metabolic syndrome and NAFLD also predict hepatocellular carcinoma. Many genetic and environmental factors have been suggested to contribute to the development of obesity and NAFLD, but the exact mechanisms are not known. Intestinal ecosystem contains trillions of microorganisms including bacteria, Archaea, yeasts and viruses. Several studies support the relationship between the intestinal microbial changes and obesity and also its complications, including insulin resistance and NAFLD. Given that the gut and liver are connected by the portal venous system, it makes the liver more vulnerable to translocation of bacteria, bacterial products, endotoxins or secreted cytokines. Altered intestinal microbiota(dysbiosis) may stimulate hepatic fat deposition through several mechanisms: regulation of gut permeability, increasing low-grade inflammation, modulation of dietary choline metabolism, regulation of bile acid metabolism and producing endogenous ethanol. Regulation of intestinal microbial ecosystem by diet modifications or by using probiotics and prebiotics as a treatment for obesity and its complications might be the issue of further investigations.展开更多
Along with the rapid development of society, lifestyles and diets have gradually changed. Due to overwhelming material abundance, high fat, high sugar and high protein diets are common. Numerous studies have determine...Along with the rapid development of society, lifestyles and diets have gradually changed. Due to overwhelming material abundance, high fat, high sugar and high protein diets are common. Numerous studies have determined that diet and its impact on gut microbiota are closely related to obesity and metabolic diseases. Different dietary components affect gut microbiota, thus impacting gastrointestinal disease occurrence and development. A large number of related studies are progressing rapidly. Gut microbiota may be an important intermediate link, causing gastrointestinal diseases under the influence of changes in diet and genetic predisposition. To promote healthy gut microbiota and to prevent and cure gastrointestinal diseases, diets should be improved and supplemented with probiotics.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dysbacteriosis may be a crucial environmental factor for ulcerative colitis(UC).Further study is required on microbiota alterations in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with UC for better clinical mana...BACKGROUND Dysbacteriosis may be a crucial environmental factor for ulcerative colitis(UC).Further study is required on microbiota alterations in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with UC for better clinical management and treatment.AIM To analyze the relationship between different clinical features and the intestinal microbiota,including bacteria and fungi,in Chinese patients with UC.METHODS Eligible inpatients were enrolled from January 1,2018 to June 30,2019,and stool and mucosa samples were collected.UC was diagnosed by endoscopy,pathology,Mayo Score,and Montreal classification.Gene amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer gene was used to detect the intestinal microbiota composition.Alpha diversity,principal component analysis,similarity analysis,and Metastats analysis were employed to evaluate differences among groups.RESULTS A total of 89 patients with UC and 33 non-inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)controls were enrolled.For bacterial analysis,72 stool and 48 mucosa samples were obtained from patients with UC and 21 stool and 12 mucosa samples were obtained from the controls.For fungal analysis,stool samples were obtained from 43 patients with UC and 15 controls.A significant difference existed between the fecal and mucosal bacteria of patients with UC.Theα-diversity of intestinal bacteria and the relative abundance of some families,such as Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae,decreased with the increasing severity of bowel inflammation,while Escherichia-Shigella showed the opposite trend.More intermicrobial correlations in UC in remission than in active patients were observed.The bacteriafungi correlations became single and uneven in patients with UC.CONCLUSION The intestinal bacteria flora of patients with UC differs significantly in terms of various sample types and disease activities.The intermicrobial correlations change in patients with UC compared with non-IBD controls.展开更多
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder. It is a multifactorial disorder. Intestinal microbiota may cause the pathogenesis of IBS by contributing to abnormal gastroint...Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder. It is a multifactorial disorder. Intestinal microbiota may cause the pathogenesis of IBS by contributing to abnormal gastrointestinal motility, low-grade inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, communication in the gut-brain axis, and so on. Previous attempts to identify the intestinal microbiota composition in IBS patients have yielded inconsistent and occasionally contradictory results. This inconsistency may be due to the differences in the molecular techniques employed, the sample collection and handling methods, use of single samples that are not linked to fluctuating symptoms, or other factors such as patients’ diets and phenotypic characterizations. Despite these difficulties, previous studies found that the intestinal microbiota in some IBS patients was completely different from that in healthy controls, and there does appear to be a consistent theme of Firmicutes enrichment and reduced abundance of Bacteroides. Based on the differences in intestinal microbiota composition, many studies have addressed the roles of microbiota-targeted treatments, such as antibiotics and probiotics, in alleviating certain symptoms of IBS. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the associations between intestinal microbiota and IBS as well as the possible modes of action of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBS. Improving the current level of understanding of host-microbiota interactions in IBS is important not only for determining the role of intestinal microbiota in IBS pathogenesis but also for therapeutic modulation of the microbiota.展开更多
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an intestinal functional disorder with the highest prevalence in the industrialized world. The intestinal microbiota (IM) plays a role in the pathogenesis of IBS and is not merely a c...Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an intestinal functional disorder with the highest prevalence in the industrialized world. The intestinal microbiota (IM) plays a role in the pathogenesis of IBS and is not merely a consequence of this disorder. Previous research efforts have not revealed unequivocal microbiological signatures of IBS, and the experimental results are contradictory. The experimental methodologies adopted to investigate the complex intestinal ecosystem drastically impact the quality and significance of the results. Therefore, to consider the methodological aspects of the research on IM in IBS, we reviewed 29 relevant original research articles identified through a PubMed search using three combinations of keywords: “irritable bowel syndrome + microflora”, “irritable bowel syndrome + microbiota” and “irritable bowel syndrome + microbiome”. For each study, we reviewed the quality and significance of the scientific evidence obtained with respect to the experimental method adopted. The data obtained from each study were compared with all considered publications to identify potential inconsistencies and explain contradictory results. The analytical revision of the studies referenced in the present review has contributed to the identification of microbial groups whose relative abundance significantly alters IBS, suggesting that these microbial groups could be IM signatures for this syndrome. The identification of microbial biomarkers in the IM can be advantageous for the development of new diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of different subtypes of IBS.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which includes Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),has emerged as a global disease with high incidence,long duration,devastating clinical symptoms,and low curability(relapsin...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which includes Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),has emerged as a global disease with high incidence,long duration,devastating clinical symptoms,and low curability(relapsing immune response and barrier function defects).Mounting studies have been performed to investigate its pathogenesis to provide an ever-expanding arsenal of therapeutic options,while the precise etiology of IBD is not completely understood yet.Recent advances in highthroughput sequencing methods and animal models have provided new insights into the association between intestinal microbiota and IBD.In general,dysbiosis characterized by an imbalanced microbiota has been widely recognized as a pathology of IBD.However,intestinal microbiota alterations represent the cause or result of IBD process remains unclear.Therefore,more evidences are needed to identify the precise role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBD.Herein,this review aims to outline the current knowledge of commonly used,chemically induced,and infectious mouse models,gut microbiota alteration and how it contributes to IBD,and dysregulated metabolite production links to IBD pathogenesis.展开更多
Background:Previous studies had shown that short-term acute heat stress(HS)affected the host’s metabolism and intestinal microbiota independent of feed intake(FI)reduction,and long-term calorie restriction caused int...Background:Previous studies had shown that short-term acute heat stress(HS)affected the host’s metabolism and intestinal microbiota independent of feed intake(FI)reduction,and long-term calorie restriction caused intestinal morphological injuries and gut microbial alterations.However,research on the effects of constant chronic HS on intestinal microbial composition and the roles of FI reduction played in is limited.This study aimed to investigate the effects of 7-day constant chronic HS on the composition of intestinal microbes in growing-finishing pigs,and its relationship with pigs’performance,intestinal morphology,and ileal immune response.Twenty-four growingfinishing pigs(Duroc×Large White×Landrace,30±1 kg body weight)were randomly assigned to three treatments(n=8),1)thermal neutral(TN)conditions(25±1℃)with ad libitum FI,2)HS conditions(35±1℃)with ad libitum FI,3)pair-fed(PF)with HS under TN conditions to discriminate the confounding effects of dissimilar FI,and the FI was the previous day’s average FI of HS.The small intestinal segments(duodenum,jejunum,and ileum)and feces were collected on d 8.Results:Results indicated that HS drastically declined(P<0.05)average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)(about 61%)in comparison with TN,and caused hyperpyrexia,meanwhile PF caused hypothermia.Morphological observation by light and electron microscopes showed that both HS and PF treatment decreased(P<0.05)the villus and microvillus height compared with TN.Additionally,HS increased(P<0.05)protein expression of heat shock protein 70 in the duodenum,jejunum,and ileum.Furthermore,the expression of tight junction protein zonula occluden-1(ZO-1)in the duodenum and ileum,and Occludin in the ileum were enhanced(P<0.05)compared with TN and PF.Moreover,HS significantly enhanced(P<0.05)the mRNA relative expression of inflammatory cytokines(TLR-2,TLR-4,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-6,IL-8,PG1–5,β-defensin 2(pBD-2)),mucins(mucin-1 and mucin-2)and P65 protein level in the ileal mucosa tissue.Intestinal microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing showed lower(P<0.10)αdiversity in both HS and PF,and a separated cluster ofβdiversity among groups.Compared with TN,HS but not PF mainly reduced(FDR<0.05)Bacteroidetes(phylum),Bacteroidia(class)and elevated the proportions of Proteobacteria(phylum,FDR<0.05),Bacillales(order,FDR<0.05),Planococcaceae(family,FDR<0.05),Kurthia(genus,FDR<0.05),Streptococcaceae(family,FDR<0.10)and Streptococcus(genus,FDR<0.10).Notably,Lactobacillales(order)was decreased(FDR<0.05)by PF alone.Furthermore,the Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the microbes prevalent in HS were positively(P<0.05)associated with intestinal morphological injuries indicators and ileal immune response parameters,and the microbes reduced in HS were negatively(P<0.05)with the performance data.Conclusions:Intestinal morphological injuries and ileal immune response caused by constant chronic HS independent of FI showed close connections with alterations in intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs.展开更多
The present study sampled the intestinal content of healthy and unhealthy Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.),the ambient water of unhealthy fish,and the biofilter material in the recirculating aquaculture system(RAS)to u...The present study sampled the intestinal content of healthy and unhealthy Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.),the ambient water of unhealthy fish,and the biofilter material in the recirculating aquaculture system(RAS)to understand differences in the intestinal microbiota.The V4--V5 regions of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes in the samples were analyzed by MiSeq high-throughput sequencing.The fish were adults with no differences in body length or weight.Representative members of the intestinal microbiota were identified.The intestinal microbiota of the healthy fish included Proteobacteria(44.33%),Actinobacteria(17.89%),Baeteroidetes(15.25%),and Firmicutes(9.11%),among which the families Mierococcaceae and Oxalobacteraceae and genera Sphingomonas,Streptomyces,Pedobacter,Janthinobacterium,Burkholderia,and Balneimonas were most abundant.Proteobacteria(70.46%),Bacteroidetes(7.59%),and Firmicutes(7.55%)dominated the microbiota of unhealthy fish,and Chloroflexi(2.71%),and Aliivibrio and Vibrio as well as genera in the family Aeromonadaceae were most strongly represented.Overall,the intestinal hindgut microbiota differed between healthy and unhealthy fish.This study offers a useful tool for monitoring the health status of fish and for screening the utility of probiotics by studying the intestinal microbiota.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100402)National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(2022-Open subject-11)+1 种基金Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200271)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101919)。
文摘2'-Fucosyllactose(2'-FL)shows the potential to support intestinal health as a natural prebiotic that bridges the gap between infant formula feeding and breastfeeding.However,the effect and mechanism of 2'-FL in improving intestinal permeability are not clear.In this study,we constructed human microbiota-associated(HMA)mouse models by colonizing healthy infant feces in mice with antibiotic-depleted intestinal microbiota.The protective effect of 2'-FL on the intestinal permeability was explored using the HMA mouse models,and the combination of metagenomics was used to analyze the possible mechanisms by which the microorganisms reduced the intestinal permeability.The results showed that 2'-FL decreased the concentration of markers of intestinal permeability(enterotoxin and diamine oxidase(DAO))and increased the expression levels of tight junctions(occludin and claudin).Metagenomics revealed the enrichment of Bifidobacterium and increased the expression of glycoside hydrolases(GHs),including GH31,GH28,and GH5.In conclusion,2'-FL strengthened intestinal permeability function by improving microbiota composition to control the translocation of harmful substance.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82574996Shaanxi Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Innovation Talent Plan Project,No.TZKN-CXRC-16+3 种基金Project of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.SZYKJCYC-2025-JC-010Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Plan Project-Social Development Field,No.2025SF-YBXM-498the“Nursery Cultivation Plan”Project of Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine and Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2025-04the Fifth Batch of Outstanding Clinical Talents in Traditional Chinese Medicine Project of Shaanxi Province.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),a chronic disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage,includes mainly Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.However,the cause of its onset remains unclear.The pathogenesis of IBD is closely related to host genetic susceptibility,disorders of the intestinal flora,damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier,and abnormal intestinal mucosal immunity.On the basis of the progress in research on the structure of the intestinal microbiota involved in IBD,the influence of genetics on the intestinal barrier and intestinal microbiota;the metagenomics,metatranscriptomics,and metabolomics of the intestinal microbiota involved in IBD;and treatments such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation are important for the future treatment of IBD and the development of drugs for effective treatment.
基金supported by the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Special Fund of Shaanxi Province(2021-QYZL-01,2021-QYZL-03)Special Funding for Basic Research Operating Expenses of the Central Universities(GK202205001,GK202205010)Hebei Province Innovation Capacity Enhancement Program Project(225A2501D).
文摘As one of the most common metabolic diseases,type 2 diabetes(T2D)has become a public health concern with rising global prevalence.Corni fructus(CF),a traditional Chinese herb utilized for centuries as homologous medicinal and food resources,has been widely used to treat glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.However,as a core active ingredient of CF,whether and how morroniside(MOR)improves T2D is still unclear.This study aimed to explore the pathways by which MOR ameliorates T2D in mice induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and low-dose streptozotocin through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.We found that MOR treatment significantly ameliorated body weight loss,hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in T2D mice.In addition,MOR remarkably improved inflammation-and oxidative stress-driven hepatic and pancreatic injuries in the model mice.Mechanistically,MOR rehabilitated the dysregulated diversity and constitution of the gut microbiota in T2D mice,with significant changes in relative abundance in genus such as Lactobacillus,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 which are believed to be highly correlated with serum parameters and insulin resistance in mice with T2D.Therefore,we infer that MOR improves T2D at least partially by maintaining the host microbiota homeostasis,and MOR may be a promising candidate for T2D treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic mucosa resection(EMR)is an important minimally invasive surgical method for treating early digestive tract tumors.In recent years,the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in disease occurrence and development has attracted increasing attention.However,the changes in intestinal microbiota after EMR and the effect of dietary fiber intervention on microbiota recovery remain insufficiently elucidated.AIM To investigate the effects of dietary fiber intervention on intestinal microbiota recovery in patients undergoing EMR and evaluate its potential to improve postoperative outcomes and intestinal microecological balance.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed intestinal microbiota sequencing and dietary fiber intervention in patients with EMR.Patients who underwent EMR surgery between 2020 and 2023 were selected and divided into a routine follow-up group and a dietary fiber intervention group.High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to detect changes in patient intestinal microbiota,and microbiota diversity,structure,and function in different intervention groups were compared and analyzed.RESULTS A total of 86 patients with EMR were included in the study.Results showed that:(1)Intestinal microbiota diversity significantly decreased after EMR surgery,with notable changes in the proportion of Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria;(2)The microbiota recovery rate in the dietary fiber intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group,with a significantly higher microbiota diversity index(P<0.05);and(3)The abundance of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the intervention group increased substantially,and intestinal barrier-related functional gene expression was upregulated.CONCLUSION Dietary fiber intervention can effectively promote intestinal microbiota recovery in patients with EMR,improve intestinal microecological balance,and provide a new intervention strategy for clinical post-EMR patient rehabilitation.
基金funded by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0500604)。
文摘Forsythia suspensa,belonging to the deciduous shrubs of the Luteaceae family,a traditional Chinese medicine,has effects of alleviating swelling,clearing heat,detoxification and promoting blood circulation.The leaves of F.suspensa contain multiple chemical components and have a long history of use in folk medicines and health foods.The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of forsythin extract from F.suspensa leaves on intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)content in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.Forsythin extract in F.suspensa leaves increased the abundance of the intestinal microbiota,ameliorated intestinal microbiota disorders and inhibited the increase in total SCFA content in the intestinal tract in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.These results suggested that forsythin extract in F.suspensa leaves may slow the development of obesity induced by a high-fat diet;thus,its active components and efficacy are worthy of further study.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02005-2-3)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2022CFB458)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02018-3)the Key Research and Development Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02045-3)the Innovation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region University Students(S202310758031).
文摘In this study,the effects of sea buckthorn oil(SBO),fish oil(FO)and an enzymatically synthesized structured lipid(SL)on serum,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and intestinal microbiota in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were investigated.The results demonstrated that FO,SBO,and SL effectively reduced the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum of SD rats.SBO increased serum triglyceride levels,while FO elevated total cholesterol levels.Furthermore,all three dietary lipids decreased short-chain fatty acid production and enhanced intestinal microbiota diversity.FO increased the abundance of intestinal microbiota including Romboutsia,Lactobacillus,Escherichia-Shigella,and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group.Conversely,all three dietary lipids reduced the abundance of Klebsiella and Blautia.These findings provide a foundation for understanding the functionality of SBO and FO as well as their potential application in synthesizing novel SLs to regulate intestinal microbiota.
基金Supported by Harbin Applied Technology Research and Development Project(2016RAXXJ015)。
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor design was adopted,and four treatments were administered with five replicates to 240 one-day-old AA broilers.The control group(group A)received a basal diet,while the experimental groups received a basal diet plus 33%(group B),67%(group C)and 100%(group D)FPFM,respectively.Compared with group A,(1)the average daily gain(ADG)in group C decreased(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)in group D increased(P<0.05);(2)the level of serum urea nitrogen in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,cholesterol,and glucose contents in group D increased(P<0.05)at day 21;(3)the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group B and the immunoglobulin A in group C increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group D decreased(P<0.05)at day 42;(4)the share force of breast muscle and thigh muscle in group D increased(P<0.05);(5)the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of group B increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the villus height in group C and D increased(P<0.05)at day 42;(6)the proteobacteria counts in the cecum digesta in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05)at day 21.The basal diet supplemented with 33%FPFM promoted protein metabolism,enhanced immunity and improved meat quality,promoted the digestion and absorption of nutrients,increased intestinal microbial diversity,and improved the content of beneficial bacteria without affecting the growth performance,it was possible to be used as a good substitute for fish meal.
文摘The accumulation of growth-promoting antibiotic residues in animal products and the resistance developed by bacteria in poultry farms has led to a search for natural compounds derived from plants. This study was designed to promote the production performance of broiler chickens using fresh Cupressus sempervirens leaves infusion. Fresh Cupressus sempervirens leaves were harvested, washed, chopped and ground to a paste using a blender and fermented for three days in a closed container at a rate of 500 g/L of water. The solution obtained was filtered and added at the rate of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ml/L of drinking water. The chickens fed on the graded level of the solution were compared to a control ration without an additive and positive control group supplemented with 1 g antibiotic/kg feed. At the finisher phase and throughout the study period, water intake increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of infusion. Feed intake decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with 2 and 4 ml of infusion/L drinking water. Live weight and weight gain were significantly (P < 0.05) higher with 6 ml/L, while feed conversion significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with the same treatment compared with the control treatment without additives (T0). Carcass characteristics were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by the inclusion of Cupressus sempervirens infusion. Haematological parameters significantly (P < 0.05) increase independently of the rate of incorporation of the infusion into the drinking water, with the exception of RBCs, MCHT and PCT. Serum content in total protein, globulins, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly (P < 0.05) high with 8 and 10 ml Cupressus sempervirens infusion/litre drinking water as compared to all other treatments. AST, ALT, urea, creatine, albumin, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were not significantly affected. The lactic acid bacteria load increased significantly (P E. coli and salmonella counts decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with infusion compared to the control without additive. In conclusion, 6 ml of Cupressus sempervirens infusion can be used as an alternative to antibiotic feed additives to promote growth performance in broilers.
文摘The incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is rapidly increasing worldwide.However,the pathogenesis of T2DM has not yet been well explained.Recent evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota composition is associated with obesity and T2DM.In this review,we provide an overview about the mechanisms underlying the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of T2DM.There is clear evidence that the intestinal microbiota influences the host through its effect on body weight,bile acid metabolism,proinflammatory activity and insulin resistance,and modulation of gut hormones.Modulating gut microbiota with the use of probiotics,prebiotics,antibiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation may have benefits for improvement in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in the host.Further studies are required to increase our understanding of the complex interplay between intestinal microbiota and the host with T2DM.Further studies may be able to boost the development of new effective therapeutic approaches for T2DM.
基金Supported by The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and by FEDER European Union funds,projects No.AGL2010-14952,No.AGL2010-16525 and No.AGL2012-33278
文摘The pool of microbes inhabiting our body is known as “microbiota” and their collective genomes as “microbiome”. The colon is the most densely populated organ in the human body, although other parts, such as the skin, vaginal mucosa, or respiratory tract, also harbour specific microbiota. This microbial community regulates some important metabolic and physiological functions of the host, and drives the maturation of the immune system in early life, contributing to its homeostasis during life. Alterations of the intestinal microbiota can occur by changes in composition (dysbiosis), function, or microbiota-host interactions and they can be directly correlated with several diseases. The only disease in which a clear causal role of a dysbiotic microbiota has been demonstrated is the case of Clostridium difficile infections. Nonetheless, alterations in composition and function of the microbiota have been associated with several gastrointestinal diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, or irritable bowel syndrome), as well as extra-intestinal pathologies, such as those affecting the liver, or the respiratory tract (e.g., allergy, bronchial asthma, and cystic fibrosis), among others. Species of Bifidobacterium genus are the normal inhabitants of a healthy human gut and alterations in number and composition of their populations is one of the most frequent features present in these diseases. The use of probiotics, including bifidobacteria strains, in preventive medicine to maintain a healthy intestinal function is well documented. Probiotics are also proposed as therapeutic agents for gastrointestinal disorders and other pathologies. The World Gastroenterology Organization recently published potential clinical applications for several probiotic formulations, in which species of lactobacilli are predominant. This review is focused on probiotic preparations containing Bifidobacterium strains, alone or in combination with other bacteria, which have been tested in human clinical studies. In spite of extensive literature on and research into this topic, the degree of scientific evidence of the effectiveness of probiotics is still insufficient in most cases. More effort need to be made to design and conduct accurate human studies demonstrating the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention, alleviation, or treatment of different pathologies.
文摘The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).The pathogenesis of IBD involves inappropriate ongoing activation of the mucosal immune system driven by abnormal intestinal microbiota in genetically predisposed individuals.However,there are still no definitive microbial pathogens linked to the onset of IBD.The composition and function of the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites are indeed disturbed in IBD patients.The special alterations of gut microbiota associated with IBD remain to be evaluated.The microbial interactions and hostmicrobe immune interactions are still not clarified.Limitations of present probiotic products in IBD are mainly due to modest clinical efficacy,few available strains and no standardized administration.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)may restore intestinal microbial ho-meostasis,and preliminary data have shown the clinical efficacy of FMT on refractory IBD or IBD combined with Clostridium difficile infection.Additionally,synthetic microbiota transplantation with the defined composition of fecal microbiota is also a promising therapeutic approach for IBD.However,FMT-related barriers,including the mechanism of restoring gut microbiota,standardized donor screening,fecal material preparation and administration,and long-term safety should be resolved.The role of intestinal microbiota and FMT in IBD should be further investigated by metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses combined with germfree/human flora-associated animals and chemostat gut models.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31322053)the Hubei Province Distinguished Young Scholar(No.2012FFA015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2013PY056 and 2013JQ001),China
文摘Bile acid（BA） is de novo synthesized exclusively in the liver and has direct or indirect antimicrobial effects. On the other hand, the composition and size of the BA pool can be altered by intestinal microbiota via the biotransformation of primary BAs to secondary BAs, and subsequently regulate the nuclear farnesoid X receptor（FXR; NR1H4）. The BA-activated FXR plays important roles in BA synthesis and metabolism, glucose and lipid metabolism, and even hepatic autophagy. BAs can also play a role in the interplays among intestinal microbes. In this review, we mainly discuss the interactions between BAs and intestinal microbiota and their roles in regulating host metabolism, and probably the autophagic signaling pathway.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a chronic liver disorder that is increasing in prevalence with the worldwide epidemic of obesity. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The term NAFLD describes a spectrum of liver pathology ranges from simple steatosis to steatosis with inflammation nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and even cirrhosis. Metabolic syndrome and NAFLD also predict hepatocellular carcinoma. Many genetic and environmental factors have been suggested to contribute to the development of obesity and NAFLD, but the exact mechanisms are not known. Intestinal ecosystem contains trillions of microorganisms including bacteria, Archaea, yeasts and viruses. Several studies support the relationship between the intestinal microbial changes and obesity and also its complications, including insulin resistance and NAFLD. Given that the gut and liver are connected by the portal venous system, it makes the liver more vulnerable to translocation of bacteria, bacterial products, endotoxins or secreted cytokines. Altered intestinal microbiota(dysbiosis) may stimulate hepatic fat deposition through several mechanisms: regulation of gut permeability, increasing low-grade inflammation, modulation of dietary choline metabolism, regulation of bile acid metabolism and producing endogenous ethanol. Regulation of intestinal microbial ecosystem by diet modifications or by using probiotics and prebiotics as a treatment for obesity and its complications might be the issue of further investigations.
文摘Along with the rapid development of society, lifestyles and diets have gradually changed. Due to overwhelming material abundance, high fat, high sugar and high protein diets are common. Numerous studies have determined that diet and its impact on gut microbiota are closely related to obesity and metabolic diseases. Different dietary components affect gut microbiota, thus impacting gastrointestinal disease occurrence and development. A large number of related studies are progressing rapidly. Gut microbiota may be an important intermediate link, causing gastrointestinal diseases under the influence of changes in diet and genetic predisposition. To promote healthy gut microbiota and to prevent and cure gastrointestinal diseases, diets should be improved and supplemented with probiotics.
基金Supported by the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Key R&D Program of China,No.2018YFC1705402National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81770559 and No.81370500.
文摘BACKGROUND Dysbacteriosis may be a crucial environmental factor for ulcerative colitis(UC).Further study is required on microbiota alterations in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with UC for better clinical management and treatment.AIM To analyze the relationship between different clinical features and the intestinal microbiota,including bacteria and fungi,in Chinese patients with UC.METHODS Eligible inpatients were enrolled from January 1,2018 to June 30,2019,and stool and mucosa samples were collected.UC was diagnosed by endoscopy,pathology,Mayo Score,and Montreal classification.Gene amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer gene was used to detect the intestinal microbiota composition.Alpha diversity,principal component analysis,similarity analysis,and Metastats analysis were employed to evaluate differences among groups.RESULTS A total of 89 patients with UC and 33 non-inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)controls were enrolled.For bacterial analysis,72 stool and 48 mucosa samples were obtained from patients with UC and 21 stool and 12 mucosa samples were obtained from the controls.For fungal analysis,stool samples were obtained from 43 patients with UC and 15 controls.A significant difference existed between the fecal and mucosal bacteria of patients with UC.Theα-diversity of intestinal bacteria and the relative abundance of some families,such as Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae,decreased with the increasing severity of bowel inflammation,while Escherichia-Shigella showed the opposite trend.More intermicrobial correlations in UC in remission than in active patients were observed.The bacteriafungi correlations became single and uneven in patients with UC.CONCLUSION The intestinal bacteria flora of patients with UC differs significantly in terms of various sample types and disease activities.The intermicrobial correlations change in patients with UC compared with non-IBD controls.
文摘Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder. It is a multifactorial disorder. Intestinal microbiota may cause the pathogenesis of IBS by contributing to abnormal gastrointestinal motility, low-grade inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, communication in the gut-brain axis, and so on. Previous attempts to identify the intestinal microbiota composition in IBS patients have yielded inconsistent and occasionally contradictory results. This inconsistency may be due to the differences in the molecular techniques employed, the sample collection and handling methods, use of single samples that are not linked to fluctuating symptoms, or other factors such as patients’ diets and phenotypic characterizations. Despite these difficulties, previous studies found that the intestinal microbiota in some IBS patients was completely different from that in healthy controls, and there does appear to be a consistent theme of Firmicutes enrichment and reduced abundance of Bacteroides. Based on the differences in intestinal microbiota composition, many studies have addressed the roles of microbiota-targeted treatments, such as antibiotics and probiotics, in alleviating certain symptoms of IBS. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the associations between intestinal microbiota and IBS as well as the possible modes of action of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBS. Improving the current level of understanding of host-microbiota interactions in IBS is important not only for determining the role of intestinal microbiota in IBS pathogenesis but also for therapeutic modulation of the microbiota.
文摘Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an intestinal functional disorder with the highest prevalence in the industrialized world. The intestinal microbiota (IM) plays a role in the pathogenesis of IBS and is not merely a consequence of this disorder. Previous research efforts have not revealed unequivocal microbiological signatures of IBS, and the experimental results are contradictory. The experimental methodologies adopted to investigate the complex intestinal ecosystem drastically impact the quality and significance of the results. Therefore, to consider the methodological aspects of the research on IM in IBS, we reviewed 29 relevant original research articles identified through a PubMed search using three combinations of keywords: “irritable bowel syndrome + microflora”, “irritable bowel syndrome + microbiota” and “irritable bowel syndrome + microbiome”. For each study, we reviewed the quality and significance of the scientific evidence obtained with respect to the experimental method adopted. The data obtained from each study were compared with all considered publications to identify potential inconsistencies and explain contradictory results. The analytical revision of the studies referenced in the present review has contributed to the identification of microbial groups whose relative abundance significantly alters IBS, suggesting that these microbial groups could be IM signatures for this syndrome. The identification of microbial biomarkers in the IM can be advantageous for the development of new diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of different subtypes of IBS.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:nos.32000082 and 31625025Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2022M713405+1 种基金R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,Grant/Award Number:KM202212448002the 111 Project,Grant/Award Number:B16044。
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which includes Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),has emerged as a global disease with high incidence,long duration,devastating clinical symptoms,and low curability(relapsing immune response and barrier function defects).Mounting studies have been performed to investigate its pathogenesis to provide an ever-expanding arsenal of therapeutic options,while the precise etiology of IBD is not completely understood yet.Recent advances in highthroughput sequencing methods and animal models have provided new insights into the association between intestinal microbiota and IBD.In general,dysbiosis characterized by an imbalanced microbiota has been widely recognized as a pathology of IBD.However,intestinal microbiota alterations represent the cause or result of IBD process remains unclear.Therefore,more evidences are needed to identify the precise role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBD.Herein,this review aims to outline the current knowledge of commonly used,chemically induced,and infectious mouse models,gut microbiota alteration and how it contributes to IBD,and dysregulated metabolite production links to IBD pathogenesis.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500501)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(R2020PY-JG009,202106TD)the Project of Swine Innovation Team in Guangdong Modern Agricultural Research System(2021KJ126)。
文摘Background:Previous studies had shown that short-term acute heat stress(HS)affected the host’s metabolism and intestinal microbiota independent of feed intake(FI)reduction,and long-term calorie restriction caused intestinal morphological injuries and gut microbial alterations.However,research on the effects of constant chronic HS on intestinal microbial composition and the roles of FI reduction played in is limited.This study aimed to investigate the effects of 7-day constant chronic HS on the composition of intestinal microbes in growing-finishing pigs,and its relationship with pigs’performance,intestinal morphology,and ileal immune response.Twenty-four growingfinishing pigs(Duroc×Large White×Landrace,30±1 kg body weight)were randomly assigned to three treatments(n=8),1)thermal neutral(TN)conditions(25±1℃)with ad libitum FI,2)HS conditions(35±1℃)with ad libitum FI,3)pair-fed(PF)with HS under TN conditions to discriminate the confounding effects of dissimilar FI,and the FI was the previous day’s average FI of HS.The small intestinal segments(duodenum,jejunum,and ileum)and feces were collected on d 8.Results:Results indicated that HS drastically declined(P<0.05)average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)(about 61%)in comparison with TN,and caused hyperpyrexia,meanwhile PF caused hypothermia.Morphological observation by light and electron microscopes showed that both HS and PF treatment decreased(P<0.05)the villus and microvillus height compared with TN.Additionally,HS increased(P<0.05)protein expression of heat shock protein 70 in the duodenum,jejunum,and ileum.Furthermore,the expression of tight junction protein zonula occluden-1(ZO-1)in the duodenum and ileum,and Occludin in the ileum were enhanced(P<0.05)compared with TN and PF.Moreover,HS significantly enhanced(P<0.05)the mRNA relative expression of inflammatory cytokines(TLR-2,TLR-4,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-6,IL-8,PG1–5,β-defensin 2(pBD-2)),mucins(mucin-1 and mucin-2)and P65 protein level in the ileal mucosa tissue.Intestinal microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing showed lower(P<0.10)αdiversity in both HS and PF,and a separated cluster ofβdiversity among groups.Compared with TN,HS but not PF mainly reduced(FDR<0.05)Bacteroidetes(phylum),Bacteroidia(class)and elevated the proportions of Proteobacteria(phylum,FDR<0.05),Bacillales(order,FDR<0.05),Planococcaceae(family,FDR<0.05),Kurthia(genus,FDR<0.05),Streptococcaceae(family,FDR<0.10)and Streptococcus(genus,FDR<0.10).Notably,Lactobacillales(order)was decreased(FDR<0.05)by PF alone.Furthermore,the Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the microbes prevalent in HS were positively(P<0.05)associated with intestinal morphological injuries indicators and ileal immune response parameters,and the microbes reduced in HS were negatively(P<0.05)with the performance data.Conclusions:Intestinal morphological injuries and ileal immune response caused by constant chronic HS independent of FI showed close connections with alterations in intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31472312,41306152,31402283)the Qingdao Innovation Talents Program(No.13-CX-16)+2 种基金the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2014BAD08B09)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System(No.CARS-48)the Project for International S&T Cooperation Program of China(No.2014DFA31030)
文摘The present study sampled the intestinal content of healthy and unhealthy Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.),the ambient water of unhealthy fish,and the biofilter material in the recirculating aquaculture system(RAS)to understand differences in the intestinal microbiota.The V4--V5 regions of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes in the samples were analyzed by MiSeq high-throughput sequencing.The fish were adults with no differences in body length or weight.Representative members of the intestinal microbiota were identified.The intestinal microbiota of the healthy fish included Proteobacteria(44.33%),Actinobacteria(17.89%),Baeteroidetes(15.25%),and Firmicutes(9.11%),among which the families Mierococcaceae and Oxalobacteraceae and genera Sphingomonas,Streptomyces,Pedobacter,Janthinobacterium,Burkholderia,and Balneimonas were most abundant.Proteobacteria(70.46%),Bacteroidetes(7.59%),and Firmicutes(7.55%)dominated the microbiota of unhealthy fish,and Chloroflexi(2.71%),and Aliivibrio and Vibrio as well as genera in the family Aeromonadaceae were most strongly represented.Overall,the intestinal hindgut microbiota differed between healthy and unhealthy fish.This study offers a useful tool for monitoring the health status of fish and for screening the utility of probiotics by studying the intestinal microbiota.
