Probiotics are a kind of living microorganisms added into food or drug,which are beneficial to our health.Probiotics can regulate the balance of microecosystem in intestine.Recently,people have paid more attention to ...Probiotics are a kind of living microorganisms added into food or drug,which are beneficial to our health.Probiotics can regulate the balance of microecosystem in intestine.Recently,people have paid more attention to the effect on the intestinal microecology.This article mainly made a review on the mechanism and application of probiotics.展开更多
2'-Fucosyllactose(2'-FL)shows the potential to support intestinal health as a natural prebiotic that bridges the gap between infant formula feeding and breastfeeding.However,the effect and mechanism of 2'-...2'-Fucosyllactose(2'-FL)shows the potential to support intestinal health as a natural prebiotic that bridges the gap between infant formula feeding and breastfeeding.However,the effect and mechanism of 2'-FL in improving intestinal permeability are not clear.In this study,we constructed human microbiota-associated(HMA)mouse models by colonizing healthy infant feces in mice with antibiotic-depleted intestinal microbiota.The protective effect of 2'-FL on the intestinal permeability was explored using the HMA mouse models,and the combination of metagenomics was used to analyze the possible mechanisms by which the microorganisms reduced the intestinal permeability.The results showed that 2'-FL decreased the concentration of markers of intestinal permeability(enterotoxin and diamine oxidase(DAO))and increased the expression levels of tight junctions(occludin and claudin).Metagenomics revealed the enrichment of Bifidobacterium and increased the expression of glycoside hydrolases(GHs),including GH31,GH28,and GH5.In conclusion,2'-FL strengthened intestinal permeability function by improving microbiota composition to control the translocation of harmful substance.展开更多
Background The synchronized absorption of amino acids(AAs)and glucose in the gut is crucial for effective AA utilization and protein synthesis in the body.The study investigated how the starch digestion rate and AA le...Background The synchronized absorption of amino acids(AAs)and glucose in the gut is crucial for effective AA utilization and protein synthesis in the body.The study investigated how the starch digestion rate and AA levels impact intestinal AA digestion,transport and metabolism,breast muscle protein metabolism,and growth in grower broilers.A total of 72021-day-old healthy male Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly assigned to 12 treatments,each with 6 replicates of 10 birds.The treatments comprised 3 different starch[corn:control,cassava:rapidly digestible starch(RDS),and pea:slowly digestible starch(SDS)]with 4 different AA levels[based on standardized ileal digestible lysine(SID Lys),0.92%,1.02%(as the standard),1.12%and 1.22%].Results An interaction between dietary starch sources and SID Lys levels significantly affected breast muscle yield(P=0.033).RDS and SDS diets,or SID Lys levels of 0.92%,1.02%,or 1.22%,significantly decreased the breast muscle yield of broilers in contrast to the corn starch diet with 1.12%SID Lys(P=0.033).The SID Lys levels of 1.12%and 1.22%markedly improved body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG)from 22 to 42 days of age,and mRNA expression of y^(+)LAT1 and mTOR while reducing feed intake(FI)and feed/gain ratio(F/G)compared to the 0.92%SID Lys level(P<0.05).The SDS diet significantly decreased BW and BWG of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age,distal ileal starch digestibility,jejunal amylase and chymotrypsin activities,and mRNA expression of GLUT2 and y^(+)LAT1 compared to the corn starch diet(P<0.05).The RDS diet suppressed the breast muscle mass by down-regulating expression of mTOR,S6K1,and eIF4E and up-regulating expression of MuRF,CathepsinB,Atrogin-1,and M-calpain compared to the corn starch diet(P<0.05).Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the SDS diet significantly increased acetyl-CoA andα-ketoglutaric acid levels in the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle(P<0.05)but decreased the ileal digestibility of Lys,Tyr,Leu,Asp,Ser,Gly,Pro,Arg,Ile,and Val compared to the corn starch group(P<0.05).Conclusion The SDS diet impaired broiler growth by reducing intestinal starch digestibility,which inhibited intestinal AA and glucose absorption and utilization,increased AA oxidation for energy supply,and lowered the efficiency of protein synthesis.Although the RDS diet resulted in growth performance similar to the corn starch diet,it reduced breast muscle mass by inhibiting protein synthesis and promoting degradation.展开更多
Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)in broiler chickens leads to significant economic losses in poultry production.This study examined the inhibitory effects of usnic acid and tannic acid on coccidia,sporozoite,and Clost...Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)in broiler chickens leads to significant economic losses in poultry production.This study examined the inhibitory effects of usnic acid and tannic acid on coccidia,sporozoite,and Clostridium perfringens and assessed their influence on growth performance and intestinal health in NE-challenged broilers through in vitro and in vivo experiments.Methods The in vitro experiment included 5 treatment groups:the negative control(NC),2μmol/L diclazuril(DZ),30μmol/L usnic acid(UA),90μmol/L tannic acid(TA),and 15μmol/L usnic acid^(+)45μmol/L tannic acid(UTA)groups.The in vivo experiment involved 320 broilers divided into four groups:PC(NE-challenged),SA(500 mg/kg salinomycin premix^(+)NE-challenged),UA(300 mg/kg usnic acid^(+)NE-challenged),and UTA(300 mg/kg usnic acid^(+)500 mg/kg tannic acid^(+)NE-challenged)groups.Results In the in vitro study,the UA,TA,and UTA treatments significantly increased apoptosis in coccidian oocysts and sporozoites,lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.05),and disrupted the oocyst structure compared with those in the NC group.UA and TA had inhibitory effects on C.perfringens,with the strongest inhibition observed in the UTA group.The in vivo results demonstrated that the SA group presented significantly improved growth performance on d 13,21,and 28(P<0.05),whereas the UA and UTA groups presented improvements on d 13 and 21(P<0.05).The SA,UA,and UTA treatments reduced the intestinal lesion scores by d 28 and the fecal coccidian oocyst counts from d 19 to 21(P<0.05).Compared with the PC group,the UA and UTA groups presented lower intestinal sIgA levels and CD8^(+)cell percentages(P<0.05),with a trend toward a reduced CD3^(+)cell percentage(P=0.069).The SA,UA,and UTA treatments significantly reduced the serum diamine oxidase activity,crypt depth,and plateletderived growth factor levels in the intestinal mucosa while increasing the villus height to crypt depth ratio and number of goblet cells(P<0.05).The UTA treatment also significantly increased the acetate and butyrate concentrations in the cecum(P<0.05).With respect to the gut microbiota,significant changes inβdiversity in the ileum and cecum were observed in the SA,UA,and UTA groups,indicating that the microbial community compositions differed among the groups.Romboutsia dominated the SA group,Bacillales dominated the UA group,and Lactobacillales and Lachnospirales dominated the UTA group in the ileal microbiota.In the cecal microbiota,Lactobacillus,Butyricicoccus,and Blautia abundances were significantly elevated in the UTA group(P<0.05).Conclusion Usnic acid and tannic acid induce apoptosis in coccidia and sporozoites by lowering the mitochondrial membrane potential.Both usnic acid alone and in combination with tannic acid alleviate NE-induced adverse effects in broilers by modulating intestinal immunity,altering the microbial composition,and improving intestinal barrier function.Compared with usnic acid alone,the combination of usnic acid and tannic acid had superior effects,providing a promising basis for the development of effective feed additive combinations.展开更多
BACKGROUND The development of slow transit constipation(STC)is associated with intestinal barrier damage.Huangqi decoction(HQD)is effective in treating STC,but me-chanisms are unclear.AIM To investigate whether HQD al...BACKGROUND The development of slow transit constipation(STC)is associated with intestinal barrier damage.Huangqi decoction(HQD)is effective in treating STC,but me-chanisms are unclear.AIM To investigate whether HQD alleviates STC by downregulating the nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)signaling pathway and restoring intestinal barrier function.METHODS KM mice were divided into control,model,and HQD treatment groups.Fresh colonic tissues were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial tra-nscriptome sequencing.The expressions of claudin-1,mucin 2,and NF-κB P65 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.In vitro experiments evaluated the effects of HQD on the LS174T cell line.RESULTS HQD improved intestinal motility,restored mucosal epithelium function and morphology.Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing data showed a reduction in goblet cells,decreased mucin 2 secretion,and activated apoptotic pathways in STC mice.The population of intestinal stem cells was reduced,and proliferation along with Wnt/β-catenin pathways were inhibited.STC also altered the distribution of intestinal cell states,increasing immune-associated Enterocyte_C3.Aberrant NF-κB pathway activation was noted across various cell types.After HQD treatment,NF-κB pathway activity was down-regulated,while cell proliferation pathways were up-regulated,alongside an increase in Enterocyte_C1 related to material transport.Immunocytochemical,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed NF-κB pathway activation in goblet cells of STC mice,with HQD inhibiting this aberrant activation.CONCLUSION STC involves intestinal mucosal barrier damage.HQD may treat STC by suppressing NF-κB signaling in epithelial cells,restoring intestinal epithelial cell function,and promoting mucosal barrier repair.展开更多
[Objective]To explore the protective effect of selenomethionine(Se-Met)on oxidative stress and intestinal barrier damage in mice infected with porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)and the potential regulatory mechanism.[Met...[Objective]To explore the protective effect of selenomethionine(Se-Met)on oxidative stress and intestinal barrier damage in mice infected with porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)and the potential regulatory mechanism.[Methods]Forty female C57 mice were randomly grouped as follows:control,Se-Met(0.3 mg/kg Se),PDCoV,and Se-Met+PDCoV(0.3 mg/kg Se).After being fed with or without Se-Met for 23 days,the mice in the PDCoV group and the Se-Met+PDCoV group were administrated with 300μL suspension of PDCoV HNZK-02-P5 strain(1×10^(6)TCID50)by gavage,while those in the other two groups were administered with the same volume of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium(DMEM).All the mice were observed daily for clinical signs,food intake,and body weight changes until day 28.At five days post-inoculation(dpi),intestinal tissues were collected and PDCoV titers were determined.Hematoxylin staining and eosin staining were used to monitor pathological changes in intestinal tissues.Oxidative stress-related indicators such as malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)were investigated.The level of ROS in the jejunum tissue was measured via a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)probe.Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the changes of small intestinal tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and Occludin).The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-10),intestinal tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and Occludin),and the Nrf2 signaling pathway-associated factors(Nrf2,HO-1,and NQO1)were determined by RT-qPCR.Western blotting was employed to assess the protein levels of factors related to the Nrf2 signaling pathway.[Results]The results of body weight,food intake,pathological examination,and viral RNA titers in different intestinal tissues revealed that Se-Met might increase the body weight,decrease viral titers in intestinal tissues,and attenuate PDCoV-induced structural damage of intestinal villi in PDCoV-infected mice.Se-Met attenuated PDCoV-induced inflammation by lowering the mRNA levels of major inflammatory cytokines,such as IL-1β,IL-6,and TNFαin the jejunum.Se-Met ameliorated PDCoV-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage by up-regulating the mRNA levels of ZO-1 and Occludin in the jejunum.Se-Met ameliorated PDCoV-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of ROS and MDA and increasing the levels of GSH-PX and SOD in the jejunum.Se-Met inhibited PDCoV-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.[Conclusion]Se-Met may attenuate the intestinal injury in mice infected with PDCoV by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway,which provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of PDCoV infection.展开更多
Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis,such as modifications in composition and activity,might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways,thereby promoti...Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis,such as modifications in composition and activity,might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways,thereby promoting susceptibility to lung diseases.The development and progression of lung cancer,as well as the effectiveness of immunotherapy are closely associated with gut flora and metabolites,which influence immunological and inflammatory responses.During abnormal proliferation,non-small cell lung cancer cells acquire more substances and energy by altering their own metabolic pathways.Glucose and amino acid metabolism reprogramming provide tumor cells with abundant ATP,carbon,and nitrogen sources,respectively,providing optimal conditions for tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and immune escape.This article reviews the relationship of immune response with gut flora and metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer,and discusses the potential mechanisms by which gut flora and metabolic reprogramming affect the occurrence,development,and immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer,in order to provide new ideas for precision treatment of lung cancer patients.展开更多
Lithopedion is a rare clinical situation characterised by the calcification of a foetus that has died during an ectopic pregnancy, usually in the abdominal cavity. It occurs in 1.5 to 2% of ectopic pregnancies. It can...Lithopedion is a rare clinical situation characterised by the calcification of a foetus that has died during an ectopic pregnancy, usually in the abdominal cavity. It occurs in 1.5 to 2% of ectopic pregnancies. It can be asymptomatic for several years. However, various complications can occur that lead to diagnosis. The authors report a case of lithopedion complicated by acute intestinal obstruction in a 24-year-old woman in her first pregnancy. This complication occurred after 12 months of amenorrhoea. A mass containing a calcified foetus was removed by laparotomy.展开更多
Intestinal transplantation(ITx)has emerged as a pivotal life-saving intervention for patients with irreversible intestinal failure unresponsive to conventional medical and nutritional therapies.Despite its growing cli...Intestinal transplantation(ITx)has emerged as a pivotal life-saving intervention for patients with irreversible intestinal failure unresponsive to conventional medical and nutritional therapies.Despite its growing clinical acceptance,ITx remains among the most immunologically complex and technically demanding procedures in the field of solid organ transplantation.This review comprehensively summarizes the historical evolution,clinical indications,and advancements in surgical techniques,with emphasis on innovations in vascular anastomosis,multivisceral transplantation,and ex vivo preservation.Special attention is given to the unique immunological challenges of ITx,including bidirectional immune responses-host-vs-graft and graft-vs-host disease-immune-microbiota interactions,and the distinct roles of key immune cells.Pediatric and adult recipients exhibit divergent etiologies,immune responses,and complication profiles,necessitating individualized approaches.Although novel immunotherapeutic strategies and bioengineering innovations have improved short-term outcomes,chronic rejection,graft dysfunction,and immunosuppressive toxicity remain significant barriers.Looking ahead,future directions should prioritize precision immunomodulation,microbiome-targeted therapies,and integrated platforms for gene editing,3D bioprinting,and immune monitoring.Through multidisciplinary collaboration and translational research,ITx is poised to evolve from a high-risk salvage therapy into a personalized,sustainable solution that enhances long-term survival and patient quality of life.展开更多
Background Weaning stress-induced diarrhea is widely recognized as being associated with gut microbiota dysbio-sis.However,it has been challenging to clarify which specific intestinal microbiota and their metabolites ...Background Weaning stress-induced diarrhea is widely recognized as being associated with gut microbiota dysbio-sis.However,it has been challenging to clarify which specific intestinal microbiota and their metabolites play a crucial role in the antidiarrhea process of weaned piglets.Results In this study,we first observed that piglets with diarrhea exhibited a lower average daily gain and higher diarrhea score,and elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and D-lactate(D-LA)compared to healthy piglets.Subsequently,we analyzed the differences in intestinal microbial composition and metabolite levels between healthy and diarrheal weaned piglets.Diarrheal piglets demonstrated intestinal microbiota dysbiosis,characterized pri-marily by a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio,a deficiency of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus reuteri,and an increased abundance of Bacteroides sp.HF-5287 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.Functional pro-filing of the gut microbiota based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)data was performed,and the results showed that tryptophan metabolism was the most significantly inhibited pathway in piglets with diar-rhea.Most tryptophan metabolites were detected at lower concentrations in diarrheal piglets than in healthy piglets.Furthermore,we explored the effects of dietary indole-3-aldehyde(IAld),a key tryptophan metabolite,on intestinal development and gut barrier function in weaned piglets.Supplementation with 100 mg/kg IAld in the diet increased the small intestine index and improved intestinal barrier function by promoting intestinal stem cell(ISC)expansion in piglets.The promotion of ISC expansion by IAld was also confirmed in porcine intestinal organoids.Conclusions These findings revealed that intestinal microbial tryptophan metabolite IAld alleviates impaired intesti-nal development by promoting ISC expansion in weaned piglets.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),a chronic disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage,includes mainly Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.However,the cause of its onset remains unclear.The...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),a chronic disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage,includes mainly Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.However,the cause of its onset remains unclear.The pathogenesis of IBD is closely related to host genetic susceptibility,disorders of the intestinal flora,damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier,and abnormal intestinal mucosal immunity.On the basis of the progress in research on the structure of the intestinal microbiota involved in IBD,the influence of genetics on the intestinal barrier and intestinal microbiota;the metagenomics,metatranscriptomics,and metabolomics of the intestinal microbiota involved in IBD;and treatments such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation are important for the future treatment of IBD and the development of drugs for effective treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intestinal injury is the most common complication of sepsis,and the mitigation of intestinal damage is crucial for treating sepsis.AIM To examine the use of ozone-rich water and its action in preventing int...BACKGROUND Intestinal injury is the most common complication of sepsis,and the mitigation of intestinal damage is crucial for treating sepsis.AIM To examine the use of ozone-rich water and its action in preventing intestinal damage caused by sepsis.METHODS Through histological analysis,immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence assays,and Western blot detection,we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of ozone in mitigating intestinal injury during sepsis.Additionally,by conducting 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis on fecal samples,we identified alterations in the gut microbiota and specific metabolites in septic mice following ozone treatment.This comprehensive approach aims to further elucidate the mechanistic underpinnings of ozone therapy in alleviating sepsis-induced intestinal damage.RESULTS Our results demonstrate that ozonated water significantly ameliorates pathological damage in intestinal tissues,enhances the expression of tight junction proteins,and inhibits the polarization of intestinal macrophages,thereby reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines in intestinal tissues of cecal ligation and puncture-induced septic mice.16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that ozonated water increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis.Studies using broad-spectrum antibiotic-treated mice indicated that the protective effects of ozonated water on intestinal injury are dependent on the gut microbiota.Furthermore,metabolomic analysis identified an increase in the tryptophan metabolite DL-tryptophan in the ozonated water treatment group.This suggests that ozonated water protects against intestinal injury by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and suppressing necroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells.CONCLUSION Ozone protected against sepsis-induced intestinal injury through regulation of the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism,inhibiting necrotic apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.展开更多
Utilizing transporter-mediated drug delivery to achieve effective oral absorption emerges as a promising strategy.Researchers have been concentrated on discovering solutions to the issues of low solubility and poor pe...Utilizing transporter-mediated drug delivery to achieve effective oral absorption emerges as a promising strategy.Researchers have been concentrated on discovering solutions to the issues of low solubility and poor permeability of insoluble drugs,whereas,current reports have revealed that drug transporter proteins are abundantly expressed in the mucosa of intestinal epithelial cells,and that their mediated drug absorption effectively improved the bioavailability of orally administered drugs.There are two main categories based on the transporter mechanism,which include the family of ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters with efflux effects that reduce drug bioavailability and the family of solute carriers(SLC)transporters with uptake effects that promote drug absorption,respectively.Thus,we review studies of intestinal transporter-mediated delivery of drugs to enhance oral absorption,including the types of intestinal transporters,distribution characteristics,and strategies for enhancing oral absorption using transporter-mediated drug delivery systems are summarized,with the aim of providing important theoretical references for the development of intestinal-targeted delivery system.展开更多
BACKGROUND Recently,intestinal stenting combined with laparoscopic surgery has received increasing attention as a treatment option for acute intestinal obstruction.However,its safety and efficacy have not yet been est...BACKGROUND Recently,intestinal stenting combined with laparoscopic surgery has received increasing attention as a treatment option for acute intestinal obstruction.However,its safety and efficacy have not yet been established.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of combining intestinal stenting with laparoscopic surgery for the management of acute intestinal obstruction.METHODS Clinical data from 74 patients with colorectal cancer and acute intestinal obstruction,who were admitted to the emergency department of the authors’hospital between October 2023 and November 2024,were collected and analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical intervention:A control group(emergency open surgery,n=37)and a study group(intestinal stent implantation combined with laparoscopic surgery,n=37).Observation indicators included stent placement rate,obstruction relief rate,and stent-related complications.RESULTS Intestinal stent placement was 100%successful in the study group,all of whom experienced relief from obstruction while exhibiting a significantly lower rate of ostomy creation and a higher rate of primary anastomosis than in the control group,as well as less intraoperative blood loss,shorter time to flatus,and shorter hospital stay.The complication rate was 5.41%(2/37;bleeding and re-obstruction),with no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of operative duration or perioperative mortality.The overall complication rates were 5.41%(2/37)and 21.62%(8/37)in the intervention and control groups,respectively.Tumor recurrence and overall survival rates were 2.70%and 97.30%in the study group and 13.51%and 91.89%in the control group,respectively.CONCLUSION Intestinal stenting relieved acute obstructions,reduced the number of emergency surgeries,and supported laparoscopic procedures while improving primary anastomosis rates,minimizing ostomy occurrence,surgical trauma,and complications,and accelerating recovery.展开更多
Diet and nutrition significantly influence health, largely by regulating intestinalnutrient absorption. The intestinal epithelium, as the primary site for nutrientuptake, undergoes continuous renewal driven by precise...Diet and nutrition significantly influence health, largely by regulating intestinalnutrient absorption. The intestinal epithelium, as the primary site for nutrientuptake, undergoes continuous renewal driven by precise regulation of intestinalstem cells (ISCs). Nutrient sensing and metabolism are key determinants of ISCfate, making ISCs a central link between nutrient metabolism and the regulationof intestinal tissue renewal and homeostasis. Understanding how ISCs respond ormake adaptations to nutritional signals is therefore vital for maintaining intestinalhomeostasis. Recent studies have spotlighted the origin and identity of ISCs andbroadened our insight into the plasticity and function of ISCs under differentconditions. Mitochondria, the central hubs of energy production and metabolicsignals provided by dietary components and metabolic substrates, such as glucose,amino acids, and lipids, govern the intricate balance between self-renewal anddifferentiation of ISCs. This review highlights the importance of nutrient sensing,metabolic regulation, and mitochondrial function in the specification of ISC fate.A thorough understanding of these mechanisms paves the way for the developmentof stem cell-based therapy for the mucosal healing of gastrointestinaldiseases and diet intervention to foster body health.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)intestinal failure(IF)is rare and associated with poor outcomes.To our knowledge,the role of intestinal transplantation(ITx)as a rescue treatment for this complication has ne...BACKGROUND Post-pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)intestinal failure(IF)is rare and associated with poor outcomes.To our knowledge,the role of intestinal transplantation(ITx)as a rescue treatment for this complication has never been reported.CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old female with a benign neurilemmoma of the duodenum underwent PD.Her superior mesenteric vein(SMV)was injured during surgery and required reconstruction.She experienced SMV thrombosis and bowel gangrene requiring massive bowel resection.Consequently,she developed short gut syndrome and an enterocutaneous fistula,leading to prolonged hospitalization for wound care and total parenteral nutrition(TPN)support.She was referred to our hospital for ITx evaluation.Upon arrival,she had cholestasis due to IF-associated liver disease.After gastrointestinal(GI)reconstruction to restore GI continuity,she was eligible for multi-visceral transplantation(MVTx).The anticipated allograft included the stomach,small intestine,liver,pancreas,and duodenum.She found a suitable donor after two years of waiting.The MVTx procedure was straightforward with signs of immediate function.Enteral feeding was initiated on postoperative day(POD)7.TPN weaning was achieved on POD 28,and the patient was discharged on POD 69.Two years post-MVTx,she is healthy with excellent graft function.To our knowledge,this is the first case report on MVTx as the treatment for fatal post-PD complications and also the first reported case of ITx in Southeast Asia.CONCLUSION Post-PD IF is rare and lethal.Intestinal and MVTx might be a rescue treatment for IF after GI surgery in eligible patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rotavirus(RV),a primary cause of diarrhea-related mortality in 2021,has been shown to damage intestinal epithelial cells while upregulating intestinal stem cells(ISCs)activities.ISCs within the crypt niche ...BACKGROUND Rotavirus(RV),a primary cause of diarrhea-related mortality in 2021,has been shown to damage intestinal epithelial cells while upregulating intestinal stem cells(ISCs)activities.ISCs within the crypt niche drive the continuous self-renewal of intestinal epithelium,preserving its barrier functions.Paneth cells secrete antimicrobial peptide and signaling molecules within the intestine crypt,thereby playing a crucial role in intestinal immune defense and providing ISCs functional support.However,the regulatory function of Paneth cells under pathological conditions,such as RV infection,remains unclear.AIM To determine the impact of RV infection on Paneth cells and how Paneth cells regulate ISCs during intestinal injury repair.METHODS We constructed a reference genome for the RV enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus strain and reanalyzed published single-cell RNA sequencing data to investigate Paneth cell responses to RV-induced intestinal injury.We derived Paneth-ISC communication networks using CellChat,tracked ISC differentiation with pseudotime analysis,and validated our findings in leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5-enhanced green fluorescent protein-internal ribosomal entry site-Cre recombinase estrogen receptor variant 2 mice and organoids via immunofluorescence,flow cytometry,and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS We found that RV directly infects Paneth cells,leading to a reduction in mature Paneth cells and an increase in kallikrein 1-high immature Paneth cells.Paneth-ISC communication was significantly enhanced.In particular,the bone morphogenic protein 7(BMP7)-activin A receptor type 2B/BMP receptor type 1A-Smad pathway was upregulated post-infection,suggesting that Paneth cells suppress excessive ISC proliferation.Functional validation confirmed activation of this pathway.CONCLUSION Paneth cells regulate ISC proliferation during RV infection by activating BMP7 signaling,limiting excessive stem cell expansion and preserving crypt homeostasis for effective epithelial repair.展开更多
In a recent study published in Cell,Xie et al.1 unveiled the mechanisms by which the 500 million enteric neurons in the enteric nervous system(ENS)sense and respond to mechanical forces.Their research indicates that P...In a recent study published in Cell,Xie et al.1 unveiled the mechanisms by which the 500 million enteric neurons in the enteric nervous system(ENS)sense and respond to mechanical forces.Their research indicates that Piezo1+cholinergic excitatory neurons are key mechanosensors for detecting intestinal pressure and are crucial for maintaining normal gut motility and inflammatory homeostasis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Childhood intestinal lymphoma is characterized by its insidious onset and the absence of specific clinical symptoms.The thinner abdominal wall in children significantly aids in the ultrasound visualization ...BACKGROUND Childhood intestinal lymphoma is characterized by its insidious onset and the absence of specific clinical symptoms.The thinner abdominal wall in children significantly aids in the ultrasound visualization of the abdominal cavity and intestines.Although many typical cases of intestinal lymphoma can be diagnosed through ultrasound,physicians often either overlook these values or assume that ultrasound has limited diagnostic value for intestinal lymphoma.AIM To clarify the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma and classify its severity using ultrasound,as well as to correlate this with prognosis.METHODS The correlation between ultrasound diagnostic outcomes,laboratory indicators,and clinical prognosis was analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of ultrasound in assessing the severity of intestinal lymphoma and to provide new evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease in children.A retro-spective analysis was conducted on the sonographic images and case data of 28 children diagnosed with intestinal lymphoma and confirmed by surgical pathology.Additionally,we sought to determine the correlation between ultrasonic classification of lymphoma,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)values,pathological classification,and prognosis.RESULTS Ultrasound was utilized to categorize 28 cases of intestinal lymphoma into focal segmental(15 cases)and extensive(13 cases)types.Ultrasound classification and LDH levels were significantly correlated with prognosis(P<0.05),while pathological type,age,gender,and treatment modality showed no significant correlation(P>0.05).Among ultrasound manifestations,there was a significant difference in LDH levels between the segmental and extensive groups(P<0.05).The prognosis for children with extensive intestinal lymphoma was poorer than that for children with localized segmental intestinal lymphoma(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Ultrasound can be used in the diagnosis and classification of intestinal lymphoma in children.Extensive intestinal lymphoma is associated with significantly elevated LDH and poor prognosis.展开更多
Arsenic,a known environmental carcinogen,disrupts intestinal homeostasis,posing a significant threat to human health.Mitigating its toxic effects is crucial,and this study explores the potential of swim bladder sulfat...Arsenic,a known environmental carcinogen,disrupts intestinal homeostasis,posing a significant threat to human health.Mitigating its toxic effects is crucial,and this study explores the potential of swim bladder sulfated glycosaminoglycan(SBSG)in achieving this.Our previous in vitro studies have shown that SBSG to ameliorate arsenic-induced damage in intestinal epithelial cells,but its in vivo effects remain elusive.The current investigation demonstrates that SBSG exhibits a beneficial prebiotic action in vivo,regulating gut microbiota,metabolites,and intestinal barrier function to counter arsenic's adverse effects.Specifically,SBSG regulates microbiota composition,suppressing pathogenic species like Alistipes and Candidatus_Saccharimonas while promoting beneficial ones such as Ruminococcus and Akkermansia.In the colon,SBSG fermentation enhances the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),leading to the upregulation of GPR43,GPR109A,and Olfr78 receptors.Additionally,SBSG strengthens the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression of Claudin-1,Occludin,and ZO-1,and enhances mucin gene expression(MUC-1 and MUC-2)to address chemical barrier disruptions.Immunologically,SBSG modulates the RORγt/Foxp3 pathway and the TLR4/My D88/NF-κB signaling cascade,regulating the immune barrier.These findings suggest that SBSG could be a promising prebiotic candidate for maintaining intestinal health and may serve as a dietary supplement or adjunct in heavy metal detoxification therapies.展开更多
文摘Probiotics are a kind of living microorganisms added into food or drug,which are beneficial to our health.Probiotics can regulate the balance of microecosystem in intestine.Recently,people have paid more attention to the effect on the intestinal microecology.This article mainly made a review on the mechanism and application of probiotics.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100402)National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(2022-Open subject-11)+1 种基金Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200271)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101919)。
文摘2'-Fucosyllactose(2'-FL)shows the potential to support intestinal health as a natural prebiotic that bridges the gap between infant formula feeding and breastfeeding.However,the effect and mechanism of 2'-FL in improving intestinal permeability are not clear.In this study,we constructed human microbiota-associated(HMA)mouse models by colonizing healthy infant feces in mice with antibiotic-depleted intestinal microbiota.The protective effect of 2'-FL on the intestinal permeability was explored using the HMA mouse models,and the combination of metagenomics was used to analyze the possible mechanisms by which the microorganisms reduced the intestinal permeability.The results showed that 2'-FL decreased the concentration of markers of intestinal permeability(enterotoxin and diamine oxidase(DAO))and increased the expression levels of tight junctions(occludin and claudin).Metagenomics revealed the enrichment of Bifidobacterium and increased the expression of glycoside hydrolases(GHs),including GH31,GH28,and GH5.In conclusion,2'-FL strengthened intestinal permeability function by improving microbiota composition to control the translocation of harmful substance.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1300404)。
文摘Background The synchronized absorption of amino acids(AAs)and glucose in the gut is crucial for effective AA utilization and protein synthesis in the body.The study investigated how the starch digestion rate and AA levels impact intestinal AA digestion,transport and metabolism,breast muscle protein metabolism,and growth in grower broilers.A total of 72021-day-old healthy male Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly assigned to 12 treatments,each with 6 replicates of 10 birds.The treatments comprised 3 different starch[corn:control,cassava:rapidly digestible starch(RDS),and pea:slowly digestible starch(SDS)]with 4 different AA levels[based on standardized ileal digestible lysine(SID Lys),0.92%,1.02%(as the standard),1.12%and 1.22%].Results An interaction between dietary starch sources and SID Lys levels significantly affected breast muscle yield(P=0.033).RDS and SDS diets,or SID Lys levels of 0.92%,1.02%,or 1.22%,significantly decreased the breast muscle yield of broilers in contrast to the corn starch diet with 1.12%SID Lys(P=0.033).The SID Lys levels of 1.12%and 1.22%markedly improved body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG)from 22 to 42 days of age,and mRNA expression of y^(+)LAT1 and mTOR while reducing feed intake(FI)and feed/gain ratio(F/G)compared to the 0.92%SID Lys level(P<0.05).The SDS diet significantly decreased BW and BWG of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age,distal ileal starch digestibility,jejunal amylase and chymotrypsin activities,and mRNA expression of GLUT2 and y^(+)LAT1 compared to the corn starch diet(P<0.05).The RDS diet suppressed the breast muscle mass by down-regulating expression of mTOR,S6K1,and eIF4E and up-regulating expression of MuRF,CathepsinB,Atrogin-1,and M-calpain compared to the corn starch diet(P<0.05).Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the SDS diet significantly increased acetyl-CoA andα-ketoglutaric acid levels in the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle(P<0.05)but decreased the ileal digestibility of Lys,Tyr,Leu,Asp,Ser,Gly,Pro,Arg,Ile,and Val compared to the corn starch group(P<0.05).Conclusion The SDS diet impaired broiler growth by reducing intestinal starch digestibility,which inhibited intestinal AA and glucose absorption and utilization,increased AA oxidation for energy supply,and lowered the efficiency of protein synthesis.Although the RDS diet resulted in growth performance similar to the corn starch diet,it reduced breast muscle mass by inhibiting protein synthesis and promoting degradation.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System Program(Project No.CARS-41-G04)。
文摘Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)in broiler chickens leads to significant economic losses in poultry production.This study examined the inhibitory effects of usnic acid and tannic acid on coccidia,sporozoite,and Clostridium perfringens and assessed their influence on growth performance and intestinal health in NE-challenged broilers through in vitro and in vivo experiments.Methods The in vitro experiment included 5 treatment groups:the negative control(NC),2μmol/L diclazuril(DZ),30μmol/L usnic acid(UA),90μmol/L tannic acid(TA),and 15μmol/L usnic acid^(+)45μmol/L tannic acid(UTA)groups.The in vivo experiment involved 320 broilers divided into four groups:PC(NE-challenged),SA(500 mg/kg salinomycin premix^(+)NE-challenged),UA(300 mg/kg usnic acid^(+)NE-challenged),and UTA(300 mg/kg usnic acid^(+)500 mg/kg tannic acid^(+)NE-challenged)groups.Results In the in vitro study,the UA,TA,and UTA treatments significantly increased apoptosis in coccidian oocysts and sporozoites,lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.05),and disrupted the oocyst structure compared with those in the NC group.UA and TA had inhibitory effects on C.perfringens,with the strongest inhibition observed in the UTA group.The in vivo results demonstrated that the SA group presented significantly improved growth performance on d 13,21,and 28(P<0.05),whereas the UA and UTA groups presented improvements on d 13 and 21(P<0.05).The SA,UA,and UTA treatments reduced the intestinal lesion scores by d 28 and the fecal coccidian oocyst counts from d 19 to 21(P<0.05).Compared with the PC group,the UA and UTA groups presented lower intestinal sIgA levels and CD8^(+)cell percentages(P<0.05),with a trend toward a reduced CD3^(+)cell percentage(P=0.069).The SA,UA,and UTA treatments significantly reduced the serum diamine oxidase activity,crypt depth,and plateletderived growth factor levels in the intestinal mucosa while increasing the villus height to crypt depth ratio and number of goblet cells(P<0.05).The UTA treatment also significantly increased the acetate and butyrate concentrations in the cecum(P<0.05).With respect to the gut microbiota,significant changes inβdiversity in the ileum and cecum were observed in the SA,UA,and UTA groups,indicating that the microbial community compositions differed among the groups.Romboutsia dominated the SA group,Bacillales dominated the UA group,and Lactobacillales and Lachnospirales dominated the UTA group in the ileal microbiota.In the cecal microbiota,Lactobacillus,Butyricicoccus,and Blautia abundances were significantly elevated in the UTA group(P<0.05).Conclusion Usnic acid and tannic acid induce apoptosis in coccidia and sporozoites by lowering the mitochondrial membrane potential.Both usnic acid alone and in combination with tannic acid alleviate NE-induced adverse effects in broilers by modulating intestinal immunity,altering the microbial composition,and improving intestinal barrier function.Compared with usnic acid alone,the combination of usnic acid and tannic acid had superior effects,providing a promising basis for the development of effective feed additive combinations.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.2022B1515020003the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82174369,No.82405397,No.82374442,and No.81973847+2 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF No.GZC20233247National Key Clinical Disciplineand the Program of Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases,No.2020B1111170004.
文摘BACKGROUND The development of slow transit constipation(STC)is associated with intestinal barrier damage.Huangqi decoction(HQD)is effective in treating STC,but me-chanisms are unclear.AIM To investigate whether HQD alleviates STC by downregulating the nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)signaling pathway and restoring intestinal barrier function.METHODS KM mice were divided into control,model,and HQD treatment groups.Fresh colonic tissues were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial tra-nscriptome sequencing.The expressions of claudin-1,mucin 2,and NF-κB P65 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.In vitro experiments evaluated the effects of HQD on the LS174T cell line.RESULTS HQD improved intestinal motility,restored mucosal epithelium function and morphology.Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing data showed a reduction in goblet cells,decreased mucin 2 secretion,and activated apoptotic pathways in STC mice.The population of intestinal stem cells was reduced,and proliferation along with Wnt/β-catenin pathways were inhibited.STC also altered the distribution of intestinal cell states,increasing immune-associated Enterocyte_C3.Aberrant NF-κB pathway activation was noted across various cell types.After HQD treatment,NF-κB pathway activity was down-regulated,while cell proliferation pathways were up-regulated,alongside an increase in Enterocyte_C1 related to material transport.Immunocytochemical,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry analyses confirmed NF-κB pathway activation in goblet cells of STC mice,with HQD inhibiting this aberrant activation.CONCLUSION STC involves intestinal mucosal barrier damage.HQD may treat STC by suppressing NF-κB signaling in epithelial cells,restoring intestinal epithelial cell function,and promoting mucosal barrier repair.
文摘[Objective]To explore the protective effect of selenomethionine(Se-Met)on oxidative stress and intestinal barrier damage in mice infected with porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)and the potential regulatory mechanism.[Methods]Forty female C57 mice were randomly grouped as follows:control,Se-Met(0.3 mg/kg Se),PDCoV,and Se-Met+PDCoV(0.3 mg/kg Se).After being fed with or without Se-Met for 23 days,the mice in the PDCoV group and the Se-Met+PDCoV group were administrated with 300μL suspension of PDCoV HNZK-02-P5 strain(1×10^(6)TCID50)by gavage,while those in the other two groups were administered with the same volume of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium(DMEM).All the mice were observed daily for clinical signs,food intake,and body weight changes until day 28.At five days post-inoculation(dpi),intestinal tissues were collected and PDCoV titers were determined.Hematoxylin staining and eosin staining were used to monitor pathological changes in intestinal tissues.Oxidative stress-related indicators such as malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)were investigated.The level of ROS in the jejunum tissue was measured via a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)probe.Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the changes of small intestinal tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and Occludin).The mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-10),intestinal tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and Occludin),and the Nrf2 signaling pathway-associated factors(Nrf2,HO-1,and NQO1)were determined by RT-qPCR.Western blotting was employed to assess the protein levels of factors related to the Nrf2 signaling pathway.[Results]The results of body weight,food intake,pathological examination,and viral RNA titers in different intestinal tissues revealed that Se-Met might increase the body weight,decrease viral titers in intestinal tissues,and attenuate PDCoV-induced structural damage of intestinal villi in PDCoV-infected mice.Se-Met attenuated PDCoV-induced inflammation by lowering the mRNA levels of major inflammatory cytokines,such as IL-1β,IL-6,and TNFαin the jejunum.Se-Met ameliorated PDCoV-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage by up-regulating the mRNA levels of ZO-1 and Occludin in the jejunum.Se-Met ameliorated PDCoV-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of ROS and MDA and increasing the levels of GSH-PX and SOD in the jejunum.Se-Met inhibited PDCoV-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.[Conclusion]Se-Met may attenuate the intestinal injury in mice infected with PDCoV by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway,which provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of PDCoV infection.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund Project of Education Department of Yunnan Province,China(No.2024Y386).
文摘Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis,such as modifications in composition and activity,might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways,thereby promoting susceptibility to lung diseases.The development and progression of lung cancer,as well as the effectiveness of immunotherapy are closely associated with gut flora and metabolites,which influence immunological and inflammatory responses.During abnormal proliferation,non-small cell lung cancer cells acquire more substances and energy by altering their own metabolic pathways.Glucose and amino acid metabolism reprogramming provide tumor cells with abundant ATP,carbon,and nitrogen sources,respectively,providing optimal conditions for tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and immune escape.This article reviews the relationship of immune response with gut flora and metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer,and discusses the potential mechanisms by which gut flora and metabolic reprogramming affect the occurrence,development,and immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer,in order to provide new ideas for precision treatment of lung cancer patients.
文摘Lithopedion is a rare clinical situation characterised by the calcification of a foetus that has died during an ectopic pregnancy, usually in the abdominal cavity. It occurs in 1.5 to 2% of ectopic pregnancies. It can be asymptomatic for several years. However, various complications can occur that lead to diagnosis. The authors report a case of lithopedion complicated by acute intestinal obstruction in a 24-year-old woman in her first pregnancy. This complication occurred after 12 months of amenorrhoea. A mass containing a calcified foetus was removed by laparotomy.
基金Supported by Guangdong Provincial Medical Research Fund General Program,No.B2025209Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Project,No.2025A03J3269.
文摘Intestinal transplantation(ITx)has emerged as a pivotal life-saving intervention for patients with irreversible intestinal failure unresponsive to conventional medical and nutritional therapies.Despite its growing clinical acceptance,ITx remains among the most immunologically complex and technically demanding procedures in the field of solid organ transplantation.This review comprehensively summarizes the historical evolution,clinical indications,and advancements in surgical techniques,with emphasis on innovations in vascular anastomosis,multivisceral transplantation,and ex vivo preservation.Special attention is given to the unique immunological challenges of ITx,including bidirectional immune responses-host-vs-graft and graft-vs-host disease-immune-microbiota interactions,and the distinct roles of key immune cells.Pediatric and adult recipients exhibit divergent etiologies,immune responses,and complication profiles,necessitating individualized approaches.Although novel immunotherapeutic strategies and bioengineering innovations have improved short-term outcomes,chronic rejection,graft dysfunction,and immunosuppressive toxicity remain significant barriers.Looking ahead,future directions should prioritize precision immunomodulation,microbiome-targeted therapies,and integrated platforms for gene editing,3D bioprinting,and immune monitoring.Through multidisciplinary collaboration and translational research,ITx is poised to evolve from a high-risk salvage therapy into a personalized,sustainable solution that enhances long-term survival and patient quality of life.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372830 and 31972528).
文摘Background Weaning stress-induced diarrhea is widely recognized as being associated with gut microbiota dysbio-sis.However,it has been challenging to clarify which specific intestinal microbiota and their metabolites play a crucial role in the antidiarrhea process of weaned piglets.Results In this study,we first observed that piglets with diarrhea exhibited a lower average daily gain and higher diarrhea score,and elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and D-lactate(D-LA)compared to healthy piglets.Subsequently,we analyzed the differences in intestinal microbial composition and metabolite levels between healthy and diarrheal weaned piglets.Diarrheal piglets demonstrated intestinal microbiota dysbiosis,characterized pri-marily by a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio,a deficiency of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus reuteri,and an increased abundance of Bacteroides sp.HF-5287 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.Functional pro-filing of the gut microbiota based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)data was performed,and the results showed that tryptophan metabolism was the most significantly inhibited pathway in piglets with diar-rhea.Most tryptophan metabolites were detected at lower concentrations in diarrheal piglets than in healthy piglets.Furthermore,we explored the effects of dietary indole-3-aldehyde(IAld),a key tryptophan metabolite,on intestinal development and gut barrier function in weaned piglets.Supplementation with 100 mg/kg IAld in the diet increased the small intestine index and improved intestinal barrier function by promoting intestinal stem cell(ISC)expansion in piglets.The promotion of ISC expansion by IAld was also confirmed in porcine intestinal organoids.Conclusions These findings revealed that intestinal microbial tryptophan metabolite IAld alleviates impaired intesti-nal development by promoting ISC expansion in weaned piglets.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82574996Shaanxi Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Innovation Talent Plan Project,No.TZKN-CXRC-16+3 种基金Project of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.SZYKJCYC-2025-JC-010Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Plan Project-Social Development Field,No.2025SF-YBXM-498the“Nursery Cultivation Plan”Project of Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine and Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2025-04the Fifth Batch of Outstanding Clinical Talents in Traditional Chinese Medicine Project of Shaanxi Province.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),a chronic disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage,includes mainly Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.However,the cause of its onset remains unclear.The pathogenesis of IBD is closely related to host genetic susceptibility,disorders of the intestinal flora,damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier,and abnormal intestinal mucosal immunity.On the basis of the progress in research on the structure of the intestinal microbiota involved in IBD,the influence of genetics on the intestinal barrier and intestinal microbiota;the metagenomics,metatranscriptomics,and metabolomics of the intestinal microbiota involved in IBD;and treatments such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation are important for the future treatment of IBD and the development of drugs for effective treatment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81971814Pudong New Area Health Talent Training Program,No.2025PDWSYCBJ-04Shanghai’s 2023“Technology Innovation Action Plan”Medical Innovation Research Project,No.23Y11908300。
文摘BACKGROUND Intestinal injury is the most common complication of sepsis,and the mitigation of intestinal damage is crucial for treating sepsis.AIM To examine the use of ozone-rich water and its action in preventing intestinal damage caused by sepsis.METHODS Through histological analysis,immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence assays,and Western blot detection,we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of ozone in mitigating intestinal injury during sepsis.Additionally,by conducting 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis on fecal samples,we identified alterations in the gut microbiota and specific metabolites in septic mice following ozone treatment.This comprehensive approach aims to further elucidate the mechanistic underpinnings of ozone therapy in alleviating sepsis-induced intestinal damage.RESULTS Our results demonstrate that ozonated water significantly ameliorates pathological damage in intestinal tissues,enhances the expression of tight junction proteins,and inhibits the polarization of intestinal macrophages,thereby reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines in intestinal tissues of cecal ligation and puncture-induced septic mice.16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that ozonated water increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis.Studies using broad-spectrum antibiotic-treated mice indicated that the protective effects of ozonated water on intestinal injury are dependent on the gut microbiota.Furthermore,metabolomic analysis identified an increase in the tryptophan metabolite DL-tryptophan in the ozonated water treatment group.This suggests that ozonated water protects against intestinal injury by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and suppressing necroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells.CONCLUSION Ozone protected against sepsis-induced intestinal injury through regulation of the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism,inhibiting necrotic apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82304730)the Project of Academic and Technical Leaders in Major Disciplines in Jiangxi Province(No.20212BCJL23060)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20232BAB216128)the Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(No.GJJ2200977)the Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Team Development Program(Nos.CXTD-22004,CXTD-22008)the PhD Startup Foundation of Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine(No.23KYQDZJ02).
文摘Utilizing transporter-mediated drug delivery to achieve effective oral absorption emerges as a promising strategy.Researchers have been concentrated on discovering solutions to the issues of low solubility and poor permeability of insoluble drugs,whereas,current reports have revealed that drug transporter proteins are abundantly expressed in the mucosa of intestinal epithelial cells,and that their mediated drug absorption effectively improved the bioavailability of orally administered drugs.There are two main categories based on the transporter mechanism,which include the family of ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters with efflux effects that reduce drug bioavailability and the family of solute carriers(SLC)transporters with uptake effects that promote drug absorption,respectively.Thus,we review studies of intestinal transporter-mediated delivery of drugs to enhance oral absorption,including the types of intestinal transporters,distribution characteristics,and strategies for enhancing oral absorption using transporter-mediated drug delivery systems are summarized,with the aim of providing important theoretical references for the development of intestinal-targeted delivery system.
文摘BACKGROUND Recently,intestinal stenting combined with laparoscopic surgery has received increasing attention as a treatment option for acute intestinal obstruction.However,its safety and efficacy have not yet been established.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of combining intestinal stenting with laparoscopic surgery for the management of acute intestinal obstruction.METHODS Clinical data from 74 patients with colorectal cancer and acute intestinal obstruction,who were admitted to the emergency department of the authors’hospital between October 2023 and November 2024,were collected and analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical intervention:A control group(emergency open surgery,n=37)and a study group(intestinal stent implantation combined with laparoscopic surgery,n=37).Observation indicators included stent placement rate,obstruction relief rate,and stent-related complications.RESULTS Intestinal stent placement was 100%successful in the study group,all of whom experienced relief from obstruction while exhibiting a significantly lower rate of ostomy creation and a higher rate of primary anastomosis than in the control group,as well as less intraoperative blood loss,shorter time to flatus,and shorter hospital stay.The complication rate was 5.41%(2/37;bleeding and re-obstruction),with no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of operative duration or perioperative mortality.The overall complication rates were 5.41%(2/37)and 21.62%(8/37)in the intervention and control groups,respectively.Tumor recurrence and overall survival rates were 2.70%and 97.30%in the study group and 13.51%and 91.89%in the control group,respectively.CONCLUSION Intestinal stenting relieved acute obstructions,reduced the number of emergency surgeries,and supported laparoscopic procedures while improving primary anastomosis rates,minimizing ostomy occurrence,surgical trauma,and complications,and accelerating recovery.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2022YFF1203300National Key Research and Development Program,No.2023YFC2307001China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2023TQ0125 and No.2024M751031.
文摘Diet and nutrition significantly influence health, largely by regulating intestinalnutrient absorption. The intestinal epithelium, as the primary site for nutrientuptake, undergoes continuous renewal driven by precise regulation of intestinalstem cells (ISCs). Nutrient sensing and metabolism are key determinants of ISCfate, making ISCs a central link between nutrient metabolism and the regulationof intestinal tissue renewal and homeostasis. Understanding how ISCs respond ormake adaptations to nutritional signals is therefore vital for maintaining intestinalhomeostasis. Recent studies have spotlighted the origin and identity of ISCs andbroadened our insight into the plasticity and function of ISCs under differentconditions. Mitochondria, the central hubs of energy production and metabolicsignals provided by dietary components and metabolic substrates, such as glucose,amino acids, and lipids, govern the intricate balance between self-renewal anddifferentiation of ISCs. This review highlights the importance of nutrient sensing,metabolic regulation, and mitochondrial function in the specification of ISC fate.A thorough understanding of these mechanisms paves the way for the developmentof stem cell-based therapy for the mucosal healing of gastrointestinaldiseases and diet intervention to foster body health.
文摘BACKGROUND Post-pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)intestinal failure(IF)is rare and associated with poor outcomes.To our knowledge,the role of intestinal transplantation(ITx)as a rescue treatment for this complication has never been reported.CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old female with a benign neurilemmoma of the duodenum underwent PD.Her superior mesenteric vein(SMV)was injured during surgery and required reconstruction.She experienced SMV thrombosis and bowel gangrene requiring massive bowel resection.Consequently,she developed short gut syndrome and an enterocutaneous fistula,leading to prolonged hospitalization for wound care and total parenteral nutrition(TPN)support.She was referred to our hospital for ITx evaluation.Upon arrival,she had cholestasis due to IF-associated liver disease.After gastrointestinal(GI)reconstruction to restore GI continuity,she was eligible for multi-visceral transplantation(MVTx).The anticipated allograft included the stomach,small intestine,liver,pancreas,and duodenum.She found a suitable donor after two years of waiting.The MVTx procedure was straightforward with signs of immediate function.Enteral feeding was initiated on postoperative day(POD)7.TPN weaning was achieved on POD 28,and the patient was discharged on POD 69.Two years post-MVTx,she is healthy with excellent graft function.To our knowledge,this is the first case report on MVTx as the treatment for fatal post-PD complications and also the first reported case of ITx in Southeast Asia.CONCLUSION Post-PD IF is rare and lethal.Intestinal and MVTx might be a rescue treatment for IF after GI surgery in eligible patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Rotavirus(RV),a primary cause of diarrhea-related mortality in 2021,has been shown to damage intestinal epithelial cells while upregulating intestinal stem cells(ISCs)activities.ISCs within the crypt niche drive the continuous self-renewal of intestinal epithelium,preserving its barrier functions.Paneth cells secrete antimicrobial peptide and signaling molecules within the intestine crypt,thereby playing a crucial role in intestinal immune defense and providing ISCs functional support.However,the regulatory function of Paneth cells under pathological conditions,such as RV infection,remains unclear.AIM To determine the impact of RV infection on Paneth cells and how Paneth cells regulate ISCs during intestinal injury repair.METHODS We constructed a reference genome for the RV enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus strain and reanalyzed published single-cell RNA sequencing data to investigate Paneth cell responses to RV-induced intestinal injury.We derived Paneth-ISC communication networks using CellChat,tracked ISC differentiation with pseudotime analysis,and validated our findings in leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5-enhanced green fluorescent protein-internal ribosomal entry site-Cre recombinase estrogen receptor variant 2 mice and organoids via immunofluorescence,flow cytometry,and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS We found that RV directly infects Paneth cells,leading to a reduction in mature Paneth cells and an increase in kallikrein 1-high immature Paneth cells.Paneth-ISC communication was significantly enhanced.In particular,the bone morphogenic protein 7(BMP7)-activin A receptor type 2B/BMP receptor type 1A-Smad pathway was upregulated post-infection,suggesting that Paneth cells suppress excessive ISC proliferation.Functional validation confirmed activation of this pathway.CONCLUSION Paneth cells regulate ISC proliferation during RV infection by activating BMP7 signaling,limiting excessive stem cell expansion and preserving crypt homeostasis for effective epithelial repair.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Y24H160082)the Medical Interdisciplinary Innovation Program 2024,Zhejiang University School of Medicine.
文摘In a recent study published in Cell,Xie et al.1 unveiled the mechanisms by which the 500 million enteric neurons in the enteric nervous system(ENS)sense and respond to mechanical forces.Their research indicates that Piezo1+cholinergic excitatory neurons are key mechanosensors for detecting intestinal pressure and are crucial for maintaining normal gut motility and inflammatory homeostasis.
基金Supported by the Fujian Province Science and Technology Innovation Joint Fund Project,No.2021Y9188。
文摘BACKGROUND Childhood intestinal lymphoma is characterized by its insidious onset and the absence of specific clinical symptoms.The thinner abdominal wall in children significantly aids in the ultrasound visualization of the abdominal cavity and intestines.Although many typical cases of intestinal lymphoma can be diagnosed through ultrasound,physicians often either overlook these values or assume that ultrasound has limited diagnostic value for intestinal lymphoma.AIM To clarify the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma and classify its severity using ultrasound,as well as to correlate this with prognosis.METHODS The correlation between ultrasound diagnostic outcomes,laboratory indicators,and clinical prognosis was analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of ultrasound in assessing the severity of intestinal lymphoma and to provide new evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease in children.A retro-spective analysis was conducted on the sonographic images and case data of 28 children diagnosed with intestinal lymphoma and confirmed by surgical pathology.Additionally,we sought to determine the correlation between ultrasonic classification of lymphoma,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)values,pathological classification,and prognosis.RESULTS Ultrasound was utilized to categorize 28 cases of intestinal lymphoma into focal segmental(15 cases)and extensive(13 cases)types.Ultrasound classification and LDH levels were significantly correlated with prognosis(P<0.05),while pathological type,age,gender,and treatment modality showed no significant correlation(P>0.05).Among ultrasound manifestations,there was a significant difference in LDH levels between the segmental and extensive groups(P<0.05).The prognosis for children with extensive intestinal lymphoma was poorer than that for children with localized segmental intestinal lymphoma(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Ultrasound can be used in the diagnosis and classification of intestinal lymphoma in children.Extensive intestinal lymphoma is associated with significantly elevated LDH and poor prognosis.
基金supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(GJHZ20240218114715029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972163)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515010005)Special funds for universities in Guangdong Province in the key areas of biomedicine and health(2023ZDZX2025)the Innovative Team Program of High Education of Guangdong Province(2021KCXTD021)。
文摘Arsenic,a known environmental carcinogen,disrupts intestinal homeostasis,posing a significant threat to human health.Mitigating its toxic effects is crucial,and this study explores the potential of swim bladder sulfated glycosaminoglycan(SBSG)in achieving this.Our previous in vitro studies have shown that SBSG to ameliorate arsenic-induced damage in intestinal epithelial cells,but its in vivo effects remain elusive.The current investigation demonstrates that SBSG exhibits a beneficial prebiotic action in vivo,regulating gut microbiota,metabolites,and intestinal barrier function to counter arsenic's adverse effects.Specifically,SBSG regulates microbiota composition,suppressing pathogenic species like Alistipes and Candidatus_Saccharimonas while promoting beneficial ones such as Ruminococcus and Akkermansia.In the colon,SBSG fermentation enhances the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),leading to the upregulation of GPR43,GPR109A,and Olfr78 receptors.Additionally,SBSG strengthens the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression of Claudin-1,Occludin,and ZO-1,and enhances mucin gene expression(MUC-1 and MUC-2)to address chemical barrier disruptions.Immunologically,SBSG modulates the RORγt/Foxp3 pathway and the TLR4/My D88/NF-κB signaling cascade,regulating the immune barrier.These findings suggest that SBSG could be a promising prebiotic candidate for maintaining intestinal health and may serve as a dietary supplement or adjunct in heavy metal detoxification therapies.
