Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis,such as modifications in composition and activity,might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways,thereby promoti...Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis,such as modifications in composition and activity,might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways,thereby promoting susceptibility to lung diseases.The development and progression of lung cancer,as well as the effectiveness of immunotherapy are closely associated with gut flora and metabolites,which influence immunological and inflammatory responses.During abnormal proliferation,non-small cell lung cancer cells acquire more substances and energy by altering their own metabolic pathways.Glucose and amino acid metabolism reprogramming provide tumor cells with abundant ATP,carbon,and nitrogen sources,respectively,providing optimal conditions for tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and immune escape.This article reviews the relationship of immune response with gut flora and metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer,and discusses the potential mechanisms by which gut flora and metabolic reprogramming affect the occurrence,development,and immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer,in order to provide new ideas for precision treatment of lung cancer patients.展开更多
Background:Liver injury often occurs but with limited drugs.Chaenomeles has a potent hepatoprotective effect,while the ability of Chaenomeles speciosa and Chaenomeles sinensis to treat liver injury in rats is unexplor...Background:Liver injury often occurs but with limited drugs.Chaenomeles has a potent hepatoprotective effect,while the ability of Chaenomeles speciosa and Chaenomeles sinensis to treat liver injury in rats is unexplored.Methods:The study involved 30 rats divided into five groups:negative control(NC),model control(MC),positive control(PC),Chaenomeles speciosa-delivered(ZP),and Chaenomeles sinensis-delivered(GP).Fecal samples from all groups were collected 24 h post-modeling for intestinal flora analysis.All rats were collected serum and liver tissues for biochemical and histopathological examinations,among other experiments.Chaenomeles would be effective in CCl4-induced liver injury in rats by analyzing the efficacy and mechanism and examining the differences between Chaenomeles speciosa and Chaenomeles sinensis through oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis pathways.Then,we resolved the mechanism of action in the context of the intestinal flora.Results:The results showed that Chaenomeles intake improved the degree of CCl4-induced liver injury,decreased aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and alkaline phosphatase levels,and increased total protein and total bilirubin levels.Noteworthy,the glutathione level in the GP group surpassed that a 1.5-fold increase compared to the PC group.Chaenomeles speciosa could exert its efficacy by regulating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways,while Chaenomeles speciosa did so through the oxidative stress pathway.In addition,Chaenomeles are both able to modulate intestinal flora and change the ratio of flora.Chaenomeles speciosa could regulate probiotics and prevent liver injury by altering the distribution and ratio of intestinal flora.Specifically,Lactobacillaceae in the ZP group exhibited 10-fold higher abundance than the other groups.Chaenomeles speciosa increased the abundance of probiotic Clostridiales butyricum in diseased rats,while Chaenomeles sinensis increased the abundance of pathogenic Escherichia Shigella.Conclusion:This study suggests that Chaenomeles may be hepatoprotective by oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis pathways and modulating the composition and function of the intestinal flora.展开更多
BACKGROUND The intestinal flora(IF)has been linked to risks of non-communicable diseases,especially various cancers,stroke,and Alzheimer’s disease.However,many uncertainties of these associations during different sta...BACKGROUND The intestinal flora(IF)has been linked to risks of non-communicable diseases,especially various cancers,stroke,and Alzheimer’s disease.However,many uncertainties of these associations during different stages of growth,deve-lopment,and aging still exist.Therefore,further in-depth explorations are warranted.AIM To explore the associations of the human IF with disease risks during different stages of growth,development,and aging to achieve more accurate and con-vincing conclusions.METHODS Cohort,cross-sectional,case-control,and Mendelian randomization studies published in the PubMed and Web of Science databases until December 31,2023 were systematically reviewed to clarify the associations of the IF at the genus level with the risks of various non-communicable diseases,which were grouped in accordance with the 10^(th) revision of the International Classification of Diseases.RESULTS In total,57 studies were included to quantitatively examine the influence of the IF on the risks of 30 non-communicable diseases during different stages of growth,development,and aging.Population studies and Mendelian randomization studies confirmed positive associations of the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus with multiple sclerosis.CONCLUSION These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the roles of the IF and provide novel evidence for effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases.In the future,it will be necessary to explore a greater variety of research techniques to uncover the specific mechanisms by which gut microbiota trigger diseases and conduct in-depth studies on the temporal relationship between microbiota alterations and diseases,so as to clarify the causal relationship more accurately.展开更多
The gut microbiota and it’s metabolism are vital targets of probiotics regulating high fat-diet(HFD)induced hyperlipidemia,which can relieve the pressure caused by the striking growth of sub-health people.Pediococcus...The gut microbiota and it’s metabolism are vital targets of probiotics regulating high fat-diet(HFD)induced hyperlipidemia,which can relieve the pressure caused by the striking growth of sub-health people.Pediococcus pentosaceus PP04(PP04)could colonize in intestine to regulate gut microbiota and it’s metabolites directly,the rebalanced intestinal flora mediated by PP04 could facilitate the secretion of short chain fatty acids to control body weight gain,PP04 intervention also changed bile acid(BA)profiles and enhanced the ileal concentrations of antagonists including tauro-α/β-muricholic acid sodium salt and ursodeoxycholic acid to inhibit intestinal farnesoid X receptor/fibroblast growth factor 15(FXR/FGF15)signaling coupled with the activation of hepatic FXR/small heterodimer partners signaling,which accelerated the hepatic BA de novo synthesis and excretion with feces to eliminate HFD caused hyperlipemia effectively.This study provided important evidence regarding PP04 as dietary supplement to relieve hyperlipidemia by influencing BA enterohepatic circulation.展开更多
This study established a rapid extraction method for the 16S rRNA gene of intestinal flora.Combined with nextgeneration sequencing(NGS)technology,this method can be applied to intestinal microbial ecology analysis.The...This study established a rapid extraction method for the 16S rRNA gene of intestinal flora.Combined with nextgeneration sequencing(NGS)technology,this method can be applied to intestinal microbial ecology analysis.The fecal sample was mixed with lysis buffer,incubated at 90°C for 15 minutes,vortexed,and then centrifuged.The supernatant was collected,and specific primers were added for PCR amplification.The PCR products were purified,and index tags were established for the targets to obtain libraries.After library purification and quality inspection,the libraries could be loaded for sequencing.Under optimized conditions:when the number of PCR cycles was 25 and the initial amount of DNA for library construction was 12.5 ng,fewer chimeras were generated.The library size was 500-700 bp,and there were no primer dimers of approximately 120 bp.This method is rapid,accurate,and sensitive,and can be used for the analysis and detection of the 16S rRNA gene of intestinal flora.展开更多
Intestinal flora affects the maturation of the host immune system,serves as a biomarker and efficacy predictor in the immunotherapy of several cancers,and has an important role in the development of colorectal cancer(...Intestinal flora affects the maturation of the host immune system,serves as a biomarker and efficacy predictor in the immunotherapy of several cancers,and has an important role in the development of colorectal cancer(CRC).Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have shown satisfactory results in MSI-H/d MMR CRC but performed poorly in patients with MSS/p MMR CRC.In recent years an increasing number of studies have shown that intestinal flora has an important impact on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy in CRC patients.Preclinical and clinical evidence have suggested that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy can be improved by altering the composition of the intestinal flora in CRC.Herein,we summarize the studies related to the influence of intestinal flora on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy in CRC and discuss the potential underlying mechanism(s).We have focused on the impact of the intestinal flora on the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in CRC and how to better utilize the intestinal flora as an adjuvant to improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.In addition,we have provided a basis for the potential of the intestinal flora as a new treatment modality and indicator for determining patient prognosis.展开更多
Diabetes comprises a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia stemming from various factors.Current diabetes management primarily focuses on blood glucose control,yet it is inherently progressive,nec...Diabetes comprises a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia stemming from various factors.Current diabetes management primarily focuses on blood glucose control,yet it is inherently progressive,necessitating increased reliance on exogenous blood glucose control methods over time.Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore novel intervention strategies addressing both diabetes and its complications.The human intestinal microbiota,often referred to as the"second genome",exhibits significant diversity and plays a pivotal role in insulin resistance,glucose and lipid metabolism,and inflammatory response.Notably,Li and Guo have elucidated the involvement of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and proposed a novel therapeutic approach targeting intestinal microbes.This advancement enhances our comprehension of the multifaceted and multi-target regulation of T2DM by intestinal microflora,thereby offering fresh avenues for understanding its pathogenesis and clinical management.This letter briefly summarizes the role of intestinal flora in T2DM based on findings from animal experiments and clinical studies.Additionally,it discusses the potential clinical applications and challenges associated with targeting intestinal flora as therapeutic interventions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intestinal flora disorder(IFD)poses a significant challenge after laparoscopic colonic surgery,and no standard criteria exists for its diagnosis and treatment.AIM To analyze the clinical features and risk f...BACKGROUND Intestinal flora disorder(IFD)poses a significant challenge after laparoscopic colonic surgery,and no standard criteria exists for its diagnosis and treatment.AIM To analyze the clinical features and risk factors of IFD.METHODS Patients with colon cancer receiving laparoscopic surgery were included using propensity-score-matching(PSM)methods.Based on the occurrence of IFD,patients were categorized into IFD and non-IFD groups.The clinical characteristics and treatment approaches for patients with IFD were analyzed.Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of IFD.RESULTS The IFD incidence after laparoscopic surgery was 9.0%(97 of 1073 patients).After PSM,97 and 194 patients were identified in the IFD and non-IFD groups,respectively.The most common symptoms of IFD were diarrhea and abdominal,typically occurring on post-operative days 3 and 4.All patients were managed conservatively,including modulation of the intestinal flora(90.7%),oral/intravenous application of vancomycin(74.2%),and insertion of a gastric/ileus tube for decompression(23.7%).Multivariate regression analysis identified that preoperative intestinal obstruction[odds ratio(OR)=2.79,95%CI:1.04–7.47,P=0.041]and post-operative antibiotics(OR=8.57,95%CI:3.31–23.49,P<0.001)were independent risk factors for IFD,whereas pre-operative parenteral nutrition(OR=0.12,95%CI:0.06–0.26,P<0.001)emerged as a protective factor.CONCLUSION A stepwise approach of probiotics,vancomycin,and decompression could be an alternative treatment for IFD.Special attention is warranted post-operatively for patients with pre-operative obstruction or early use of antibiotics.展开更多
Objective:In order to reveal the potential association between intestinal flora and atopic dermatitis with asthma,the study compares the changes in intestinal flora before and after treatment with antibiotics in child...Objective:In order to reveal the potential association between intestinal flora and atopic dermatitis with asthma,the study compares the changes in intestinal flora before and after treatment with antibiotics in children and explores the risk factors for the disease development in children.The differences between asthma-controlled children and healthy children were also analyzed to investigate whether there was a correlation between the level of control and intestinal flora in asthmatic children.Methods:367 children with atopic dermatitis and asthma were selected,and the control group was healthy children who did not have other skin diseases.Fecal samples were collected from healthy children and children with asthma,and the intestinal flora was tested at Beijing Nebula Medical Testing Laboratory Co.At the same time,50 children were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria to take amide antibiotics during hospitalization,and stool samples were collected before and after taking antibiotics.Results:The proportion of Gram-positive cocci increased and the proportion of Gram-positive bacilli decreased after the administration of antibiotics in children with atopic dermatitis and asthma(P<0.05),and no significant difference was shown in the gender and age of the children(P>0.05).The proportion of family history of atopic dermatitis with asthma was higher in the experimental group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The use of antibiotics in children with atopic dermatitis with asthma showed a positive correlation with changes in intestinal flora.The use of antibiotics may lead to changes in intestinal flora and increase the risk of atopic dermatitis with asthma.Antibiotic use in infancy and childhood is also recognized as a risk factor for atopic dermatitis with asthma.Therefore,the use of antibiotics should be minimized in preventing and treating atopic dermatitis with asthma.展开更多
Background: The Danshen-Honghua herb pair (DHHP) is a common modern Chinese medicine pair for activating blood circulation and resolving blood stasis. It has been used for centuries to treat cardiovascular and cerebro...Background: The Danshen-Honghua herb pair (DHHP) is a common modern Chinese medicine pair for activating blood circulation and resolving blood stasis. It has been used for centuries to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and is often found in some herbal compounds for treating cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of DHHP on the intestinal flora of rats with acute myocardial ischemia and its microbial transformation in vitro. Methods: In this study, we investigated the protective effect of DHHP on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial ischemia in rats based on metagenomic sequencing technology, and further characterized the in vitro metabolic transformation products of DHHP, so as to investigate its anti-myocardial ischemic efficacy material basis. Results: Pharmacodynamic results demonstrated that DHHP significantly ameliorated pathological changes and improved abnormal cardiac enzyme levels in acute myocardial ischemia rats. In addition, metagenomic analysis showed the efficacy of DHHP in ameliorating the isoproterenol-induced modifications of the intestinal flora in rats. Specifically, DHHP promoted the growth of the intestinal potential probiotics such as Lactobacillus while suppressing the pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia and Streptococcus. The in vitro metabolism results showed that the DHHP’s active components underwent primarily phase I metabolism through hydroxylation, decarboxylation, and dehydration inversions in the isolated intestinal flora of acute myocardial ischemia rats and in phase II through sulfation esterification and methylation reactions. Conclusion: The results suggest that there may be a bidirectional regulatory effect between DHHP and intestinal flora, which is important to explain the pharmacological mechanism of DHHP.展开更多
The aim of the experiment was to explore the feasibility of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris as feed in the production of laying hens. 100 g/kg, 200 g/kg, 300 g/kg of discarded nutrient medium of Cordy...The aim of the experiment was to explore the feasibility of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris as feed in the production of laying hens. 100 g/kg, 200 g/kg, 300 g/kg of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris were added to the basal diet of laying hens. The results showed that the optimal addition of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris in the diet of laying hens was 10%. According to the results of measuring the conventional indicators of eggs, the weight of eggs produced by laying hens fed with discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris was higher than that of laying hens fed with ordinary laying hens. The content of interleukin-1(IL-1) in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the concentration of IL-1 increased by 141.5 pg/mL, which indicated that the application of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris effectively improved the immunity of laying hens. The high-throughput analysis of the intestinal contents of the two groups of laying hens showed that the microbial population abundance of the intestinal tract of the experimental group was greater than that of control group, and the application of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris increased the diversity of bacteria in the intestinal tract of laying hens. In addition, the sensitivity of some pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract of chickens to drugs was also increased, thereby reducing the use of antibiotics. The secondary utilization of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris has great development and utilization prospects, which provided a scientific reference and basic theoretical basis for the development of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris as feed in the production of laying hens.展开更多
Objective:To clarify the specific mechanisms of action of raw Phellodendron chinense Schneid.(RPC)and saltwater-processed PC(SPC)in the treatment of rats with a kidney-yin deficiency pattern(KYDP).Methods:Healthy rats...Objective:To clarify the specific mechanisms of action of raw Phellodendron chinense Schneid.(RPC)and saltwater-processed PC(SPC)in the treatment of rats with a kidney-yin deficiency pattern(KYDP).Methods:Healthy rats were administered hydrocortisone to establish a KYDP model.The rats were divided into seven groups:blank control,model,positive control(Liuwei Dihuang pills),high-dose RPC,low-dose RPC,high-dose SPC,and low-dose SPC.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of cAMP,cGMP,TRH,TSH,T3,T4,IFN-g,TNF-a,and testosterone in the serum and the levels of Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase and Ca ^(2+)-Mg ^(2+)-ATPase in the liver.TRH mRNA expression in the rat hypo-thalamus was measured using RT-PCR.THRa1+2 protein expression in the hypothalamus of rats was measured using Western blot.Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression levels of FAS,FasL,and TSHR.Flow cytometry was used to determine CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T lymphocyte levels.Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology was used to evaluate the diversity of intestinal flora in KYDP rats.Results:The cAMP/cGMP ratio was significantly higher in the model group than in the blank control group(P=0.048).Compared with the model group,after administration,the levels of the above-mentioned serum and liver indexes decreased,except that of testosterone.The CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)ratio also decreased.Compared with the RPC group,the levels of T3,IFN-g,FAS,FasL,and TSHR in the SPC group decreased whereas that of testosterone increased.Additionally,immune function and intestinal flora diversity improved in the SPC group.SPC proved to be more effective in improving liver energy meta-bolism in KYDP rats than RPC.Conclusion:SPC had a better therapeutic effect on KYDP than RPC.The underlying mechanism of action may be related to improvements in liver energy metabolism,immune function,and intestinal flora diversity.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding compound probiotics on the growth performance and intestinal flora of Kunming mice.[Methods]Twelve healthy 2-week-old Kunming male mice with bo...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding compound probiotics on the growth performance and intestinal flora of Kunming mice.[Methods]Twelve healthy 2-week-old Kunming male mice with body weight of(11.09±0.43)g were selected.They were randomly divided into two treatment groups,namely blank control group(NC)and compound probiotics group(CB+LR+BS),with six mice in each group.The two groups were fed with commercial basal diet,and the compound probiotic experimental group was fed with basal diet supplemented with compound probiotics,in which the contents of Clostridium butyricum spores,Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacillus subtilis spores were 1×1010,1×1011 and 1×1010 CUF/kg,respectively.The body weight,feed intake and water intake of mice were counted every 4 d,and the experimental period was 13 d.On the 13 th day,the cecal contents of the mice were collected for analysis.[Results]There was no significant change in body weight and feed intake when compound probiotics were added to the diet.However,the addition of compound probiotics reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli,urease-negative Helicobacter typhlonius and Salmonella enterica,while increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Anaerostipes hadrus,and the contents of IgG and IgM increased significantly(P<0.05).[Conclusions]In summary,the addition of compound probiotics could significantly improve the structure of intestinal microbial flora,increase the quantity of beneficial bacteria,reduce the quantity of harmful bacteria,and improve the immune function of mice.展开更多
Colorectal cancer, as a common malignant tumor, has been increasing in incidence year by year and has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Meanwhile, researchers have found a close relationship between...Colorectal cancer, as a common malignant tumor, has been increasing in incidence year by year and has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Meanwhile, researchers have found a close relationship between dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and colorectal cancer, which has further triggered indepth exploration of the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of colorectal cancer. Studies have shown that there are specific microbial changes in colorectal cancer tissues, including enrichment or depletion of certain bacterial species, which may be associated with tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, gut microbiota has been found to be closely linked to tumor microenvironment, tumor immune response, chemotherapy drug metabolism, and other factors. In this context, it is imperative to study the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer. A comprehensive understanding of the interaction between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer is not only helpful in revealing novel mechanisms of colorectal cancer development, but also holds promise in providing new strategies and targets for early diagnosis, individualized treatment, and prevention of colorectal cancer. This review aims to thoroughly discuss the research progress of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer, including its compositional characteristics, its role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, and its potential clinical applications. The goal is to provide references and insights for further research in this field.展开更多
Naringin （1）, the highest-content flavanone glycoside in sour oranges, was incubated with human intestinal flora, and four biotransforrnation products （2-5） were obtained from the incubated mixture by chromatograp...Naringin （1）, the highest-content flavanone glycoside in sour oranges, was incubated with human intestinal flora, and four biotransforrnation products （2-5） were obtained from the incubated mixture by chromatographic methods. The chemical structures of the four products were elucidated as naringin-6＂acetate （2）, naringenin （3）, phloretic acid （4）, and phloroglucinol （5） on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Naringin-6＂-acetate was specifically formed by acetylation at C6-OH of glucosyl group of 1. The result obtained in the present research could account for the lower bioavailability of 1 after oral administration, suggesting that some biological properties of 1 in vivo may be mediated by its intestinal flora converted product 3. The biotransforrnation of 1 by intestinal flora leading to their systemic absorption deserves further attention and may provide valuable insights into pre-systemic drug metabolism, delivery or toxicity.展开更多
Objective:This study was done to determine the effects of different courses of moxibustion on a rat knee osteoarthritis(KOA)model,and explore the dose–effect relationship of moxibustion on KOA from the perspectives o...Objective:This study was done to determine the effects of different courses of moxibustion on a rat knee osteoarthritis(KOA)model,and explore the dose–effect relationship of moxibustion on KOA from the perspectives of intestinal flora and inflammatory factors.Methods:Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal,model,moxibustion for 2 weeks,moxibustion for 4 weeks and moxibustion for 6 weeks groups(n=5 each group).A KOA rat model was induced by monosodium iodoacetate,and moxibustion intervention was performed at the acupoints“Dubi”(ST35)and“Zusanli”(ST36),once every other day.Pathologic changes in the cartilage of rat knee joints were assessed after intervention,and fecal samples were subjected to 16 S r RNA high-throughput sequencing for microbial diversity analysis.Results:Damage to the knee articular cartilage was obvious in the model group,which also had increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors,decreased levels of anti-inflammatory factors,and intestinal flora disorders with decreased diversity.The degree of cartilage damage in the 4 and 6 weeks of moxibustion groups was significantly improved compared with the model group.The 4 and 6 weeks of moxibustion groups also demonstrated reduced levels of interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-a and increased levels of interleukin-10(P<0.05).Both the abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora were increased,approaching those of the normal group.Abundances of probiotics Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 increased,while that of the pathogenic bacteria Lachnospiraceae NK4 A136 group decreased(P<0.05).Although the abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4 A136 group decreased in the 2 weeks of moxibustion group compared with the model group(P<0.05),there was no statistically significant difference in serum inflammatory factors,flora species diversity or degree of pathological damage compared with the model group.Conclusion:Moxibustion treatment led to significant improvements in the intestinal flora and inflammatory factors of rats with KOA.Moxibustion treatment of 4 and 6 weeks led to better outcomes than the 2-week course.Moxibustion for 4 and 6 weeks can regulate intestinal flora dysfunction with increased probiotics and reduced pathogenic bacteria,reduce pro-inflammatory factors and increase antiinflammatory factors.No significant differences were seen between the effects of moxibustion for 4 weeks and 6 weeks.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a common disease in intensive care units,with high morbidity and mortality.Intestinal microecology plays a vital part in the development and progression of this disease,possibly because sepsis and...BACKGROUND Sepsis is a common disease in intensive care units,with high morbidity and mortality.Intestinal microecology plays a vital part in the development and progression of this disease,possibly because sepsis and its treatment cause specific changes in the composition of the intestinal flora.AIM To investigate the characteristics of intestinal flora disturbance in sepsis patients treated with antibiotics.METHODS In this prospective comparative study,we enrolled ten patients with sepsis(sepsis group),hospitalized in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the General Hospital,Ningxia Medical University,China(a class IIIa general hospital)from February 2017 to June 2017;ten patients without sepsis hospitalized in the same period(non-sepsis group)and ten healthy individuals(control group)were also enrolled.Fecal samples collected from the three groups were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the intestinal flora diversity,structure,and composition were determined.Additionally,the dynamics of the intestinal flora diversity,structure,and composition in sepsis patients were investigated via 16S rRNA gene sequencing of samples collected 0 d,3 d,and 7 d after admittance to the intensive care unit.Correlations between the serum levels of procalcitonin,endotoxin,diamine oxidase,and D-lactic acid and the intestinal flora composition of sepsis patients were also investigated.RESULTS Compared with the healthy control group,sepsis and non-sepsis patients showed reduced intestinal floraα-diversity and a distinct flora structure,with Firmicutes as the dominant phylum,and significantly decreased proportions of Bacteroidetes,as well as Prevotella and Lachnospira,among other genera.Of note,the proportion of Enterococcus was significantly increased in the intestinal tract of sepsis patients.Interestingly,theα-diversity in the sepsis group decreased gradually,from days 1 to 7 of treatment.However,pairwise comparisons showed that both the diversity and structure of the intestinal flora were not significantly different considering the three different time points studied.Curiously,the serum levels of procalcitonin,endotoxin,diamine oxidase,and D-lactic acid in sepsis patients correlated with the prevalence of various bacterial genera.For example,the prevalence of Ruminococcus was positively correlated with serum procalcitonin,endotoxins,and diamine oxidase;similarly,the prevalence of Roseburia was positively correlated with serum procalcitonin,endotoxins,and D-lactic acid.CONCLUSION Sepsis patients in intensive care units show dysbiosis,lasting for at least 1 wk.展开更多
Objective:In this study,we investigated the changes in peripheral blood inflammatory factors and intestinal flora in acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive individuals(...Objective:In this study,we investigated the changes in peripheral blood inflammatory factors and intestinal flora in acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive individuals(AIDS/HIV patients),and explored the relationships among intestinal flora,peripheral blood inflammatory factors,and CD4^+T lymphocytes.Methods:Thirty blood and stool samples from an AIDS group and a control group were collected.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the number of CD4^+T lymphocytes by a FACSCount automated instrument.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to determine the messenger RNA(mRNA)levels of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,and Enterococcus faecium.Correlations among intestinal flora,inflammatory factor levels,and CD4^+T lymphocyte values were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient.Results:The levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in the AIDS group were higher than those in the control group,while the number of CD4^+T lymphocytes was lower.The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the AIDS group were significantly lower than those in control group,while the amounts of E.coli,E.faecalis,and E.faecium were much higher.The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with the content of TNF-αand IL-6 and the CD4^+T lymphocyte count,while those correlations were reversed for E.coli,E.faecalis,and E.faecium.Conclusions:The intestinal microbiota of AIDS/HIV patients were disordered,and there was a correlation between the amount of intestinal flora and the number of CD4^+T lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-αand IL-6.展开更多
Objective We investigated changes in the intestinal flora of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP).Methods Between September 2019 and November 2019,stool samples from 14 children with MPP from The Fourth ...Objective We investigated changes in the intestinal flora of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP).Methods Between September 2019 and November 2019,stool samples from 14 children with MPP from The Fourth Hospital of Baotou city,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,were collected and divided into general treatment(AF)and probiotic(AFY)groups,according to the treatment of“combined Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Enterococcus,and Bacillus cereus tablets live”.Highthroughput 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify intestinal flora.Results Intestinal flora abundance and diversity in children with MPP were decreased.Both Shannon and Simpson indices were lower in the AF group when compared with healthy controls(P<.05).When compared with healthy controls,the proportion of Enterorhabdus was lower in the AF group,while the proportion of Lachnoclostridium was higher(P<0.05).The proportion of Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia was lower in the AFY group but Enterococcus,Lachnoclostridium,Roseburia,and Erysipelatoclostridium proportions were higher.The proportion of Escherichia coli-Shigella in the AFY group after treatment was decreased(P<0.05).Conclusions The intestinal flora of children with MPP is disturbed,manifested as decreased abundance and diversity,and decreased Bifidobacteria.Our probiotic mixture partly improved intestinal flora disorders.展开更多
Antibiotic exposure-induced dysbiosis of the intestinal flora increases the risk of developing allergic rhinitis.Hence,regulating the balance of intestinal flora may be useful for preventing and treating allergic rhin...Antibiotic exposure-induced dysbiosis of the intestinal flora increases the risk of developing allergic rhinitis.Hence,regulating the balance of intestinal flora may be useful for preventing and treating allergic rhinitis.However,the underlying mechanism is unclear.Dendrobium nobile(Shihu)exhibits anti-inflammatory and immune activities.Hence,in this study,we investigated the mechanism via which Shihu may improve allergic rhinitis.Mouse models of allergic rhinitis with intestinal flora dysbiosis(Model-D,antibiotics induce intestinal flora dysbiosis with ovalbumin-induced allergy)and normal intestinal flora with allergic rhinitis(Model-N,ovalbumin-induced allergy)were established.The effect of Shihu on intestinal flora and inflammation caused during allergic rhinitis were analyzed.Allergic symptoms,infiltration of hematoxylin and eosin in the lungs and nose,and the release of various factors[interleukin(IL)-2,IL-4,IFN-y,IL-6,IL-10,and IL-17]in the lungs were evaluated.The results indicate that intestinal flora dysbiosis exacerbated lung and nose inflammation in allergic rhinitis.However,treatment with the Shihu extract effectively reversed these symp-toms.Besides,the Shihu extract inhibited the PI3K/AXT/mTOR pathway and increased the level of Forkhead box protein in the lungs.Additionally,the Shihu extract reversed intestinal flora dysbiosis at the phylum and genus levels and improved regulator T cell differentiation.Furthermore,in the Model-D group,the Shihu extract inhibited the decrease in the diversity and abundance of the intestinal flora.Screening was performed to determine which intestinal flora was positively correlated with Treg differentiation using Spearman5 s correlation analysis.In conclusion,we showed that Shihu extract restored the balance in intestinal flora and ameliorated inflammation in the lungs of allergic rhinitis mice and predicted a therapeutic new approach using Traditional Chinese Medicine to improve allergic rhinitis.展开更多
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund Project of Education Department of Yunnan Province,China(No.2024Y386).
文摘Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis,such as modifications in composition and activity,might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways,thereby promoting susceptibility to lung diseases.The development and progression of lung cancer,as well as the effectiveness of immunotherapy are closely associated with gut flora and metabolites,which influence immunological and inflammatory responses.During abnormal proliferation,non-small cell lung cancer cells acquire more substances and energy by altering their own metabolic pathways.Glucose and amino acid metabolism reprogramming provide tumor cells with abundant ATP,carbon,and nitrogen sources,respectively,providing optimal conditions for tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and immune escape.This article reviews the relationship of immune response with gut flora and metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer,and discusses the potential mechanisms by which gut flora and metabolic reprogramming affect the occurrence,development,and immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer,in order to provide new ideas for precision treatment of lung cancer patients.
基金supported by the Key Project at the Central Government Level(No.2060302),the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYYCXTD-D-202005),and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.8187295682173929).
文摘Background:Liver injury often occurs but with limited drugs.Chaenomeles has a potent hepatoprotective effect,while the ability of Chaenomeles speciosa and Chaenomeles sinensis to treat liver injury in rats is unexplored.Methods:The study involved 30 rats divided into five groups:negative control(NC),model control(MC),positive control(PC),Chaenomeles speciosa-delivered(ZP),and Chaenomeles sinensis-delivered(GP).Fecal samples from all groups were collected 24 h post-modeling for intestinal flora analysis.All rats were collected serum and liver tissues for biochemical and histopathological examinations,among other experiments.Chaenomeles would be effective in CCl4-induced liver injury in rats by analyzing the efficacy and mechanism and examining the differences between Chaenomeles speciosa and Chaenomeles sinensis through oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis pathways.Then,we resolved the mechanism of action in the context of the intestinal flora.Results:The results showed that Chaenomeles intake improved the degree of CCl4-induced liver injury,decreased aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and alkaline phosphatase levels,and increased total protein and total bilirubin levels.Noteworthy,the glutathione level in the GP group surpassed that a 1.5-fold increase compared to the PC group.Chaenomeles speciosa could exert its efficacy by regulating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways,while Chaenomeles speciosa did so through the oxidative stress pathway.In addition,Chaenomeles are both able to modulate intestinal flora and change the ratio of flora.Chaenomeles speciosa could regulate probiotics and prevent liver injury by altering the distribution and ratio of intestinal flora.Specifically,Lactobacillaceae in the ZP group exhibited 10-fold higher abundance than the other groups.Chaenomeles speciosa increased the abundance of probiotic Clostridiales butyricum in diseased rats,while Chaenomeles sinensis increased the abundance of pathogenic Escherichia Shigella.Conclusion:This study suggests that Chaenomeles may be hepatoprotective by oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis pathways and modulating the composition and function of the intestinal flora.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81903398the Research Start-Up Fund for the Introduction of Talents of Sichuan University,No.YJ2021112+4 种基金Medical Youth Innovation Research Project of Sichuan Province,No.Q21016Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan,No.2023NSFSC1927“From 0 to 1”Innovation Project,Sichuan University,No.2023SCUH0026Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department 2023 Central Guide Local Project,No.2023ZYD0097Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of Tobacco Industry,No.20202309BC530.
文摘BACKGROUND The intestinal flora(IF)has been linked to risks of non-communicable diseases,especially various cancers,stroke,and Alzheimer’s disease.However,many uncertainties of these associations during different stages of growth,deve-lopment,and aging still exist.Therefore,further in-depth explorations are warranted.AIM To explore the associations of the human IF with disease risks during different stages of growth,development,and aging to achieve more accurate and con-vincing conclusions.METHODS Cohort,cross-sectional,case-control,and Mendelian randomization studies published in the PubMed and Web of Science databases until December 31,2023 were systematically reviewed to clarify the associations of the IF at the genus level with the risks of various non-communicable diseases,which were grouped in accordance with the 10^(th) revision of the International Classification of Diseases.RESULTS In total,57 studies were included to quantitatively examine the influence of the IF on the risks of 30 non-communicable diseases during different stages of growth,development,and aging.Population studies and Mendelian randomization studies confirmed positive associations of the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus with multiple sclerosis.CONCLUSION These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the roles of the IF and provide novel evidence for effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases.In the future,it will be necessary to explore a greater variety of research techniques to uncover the specific mechanisms by which gut microbiota trigger diseases and conduct in-depth studies on the temporal relationship between microbiota alterations and diseases,so as to clarify the causal relationship more accurately.
基金supported by the Jilin Province Science and Technology Plan Project(20230402032GH)the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Project(20220508115RC).
文摘The gut microbiota and it’s metabolism are vital targets of probiotics regulating high fat-diet(HFD)induced hyperlipidemia,which can relieve the pressure caused by the striking growth of sub-health people.Pediococcus pentosaceus PP04(PP04)could colonize in intestine to regulate gut microbiota and it’s metabolites directly,the rebalanced intestinal flora mediated by PP04 could facilitate the secretion of short chain fatty acids to control body weight gain,PP04 intervention also changed bile acid(BA)profiles and enhanced the ileal concentrations of antagonists including tauro-α/β-muricholic acid sodium salt and ursodeoxycholic acid to inhibit intestinal farnesoid X receptor/fibroblast growth factor 15(FXR/FGF15)signaling coupled with the activation of hepatic FXR/small heterodimer partners signaling,which accelerated the hepatic BA de novo synthesis and excretion with feces to eliminate HFD caused hyperlipemia effectively.This study provided important evidence regarding PP04 as dietary supplement to relieve hyperlipidemia by influencing BA enterohepatic circulation.
文摘This study established a rapid extraction method for the 16S rRNA gene of intestinal flora.Combined with nextgeneration sequencing(NGS)technology,this method can be applied to intestinal microbial ecology analysis.The fecal sample was mixed with lysis buffer,incubated at 90°C for 15 minutes,vortexed,and then centrifuged.The supernatant was collected,and specific primers were added for PCR amplification.The PCR products were purified,and index tags were established for the targets to obtain libraries.After library purification and quality inspection,the libraries could be loaded for sequencing.Under optimized conditions:when the number of PCR cycles was 25 and the initial amount of DNA for library construction was 12.5 ng,fewer chimeras were generated.The library size was 500-700 bp,and there were no primer dimers of approximately 120 bp.This method is rapid,accurate,and sensitive,and can be used for the analysis and detection of the 16S rRNA gene of intestinal flora.
基金supported by grants from National Cancer Center Climbing Fund(Grant No.NCC201916B03)Provincial-ministerial Co-construction Project of Henan Province Science and Technology Key Point Tackling Plan(Grant No.SBGJ202102064)Henan Provincial Scientific and Technological Project(Grant Nos.222102310363 and 222102310677)。
文摘Intestinal flora affects the maturation of the host immune system,serves as a biomarker and efficacy predictor in the immunotherapy of several cancers,and has an important role in the development of colorectal cancer(CRC).Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have shown satisfactory results in MSI-H/d MMR CRC but performed poorly in patients with MSS/p MMR CRC.In recent years an increasing number of studies have shown that intestinal flora has an important impact on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy in CRC patients.Preclinical and clinical evidence have suggested that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy can be improved by altering the composition of the intestinal flora in CRC.Herein,we summarize the studies related to the influence of intestinal flora on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy in CRC and discuss the potential underlying mechanism(s).We have focused on the impact of the intestinal flora on the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in CRC and how to better utilize the intestinal flora as an adjuvant to improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.In addition,we have provided a basis for the potential of the intestinal flora as a new treatment modality and indicator for determining patient prognosis.
文摘Diabetes comprises a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia stemming from various factors.Current diabetes management primarily focuses on blood glucose control,yet it is inherently progressive,necessitating increased reliance on exogenous blood glucose control methods over time.Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore novel intervention strategies addressing both diabetes and its complications.The human intestinal microbiota,often referred to as the"second genome",exhibits significant diversity and plays a pivotal role in insulin resistance,glucose and lipid metabolism,and inflammatory response.Notably,Li and Guo have elucidated the involvement of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and proposed a novel therapeutic approach targeting intestinal microbes.This advancement enhances our comprehension of the multifaceted and multi-target regulation of T2DM by intestinal microflora,thereby offering fresh avenues for understanding its pathogenesis and clinical management.This letter briefly summarizes the role of intestinal flora in T2DM based on findings from animal experiments and clinical studies.Additionally,it discusses the potential clinical applications and challenges associated with targeting intestinal flora as therapeutic interventions.
基金The National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,No.2022-PUMCH-C-005.
文摘BACKGROUND Intestinal flora disorder(IFD)poses a significant challenge after laparoscopic colonic surgery,and no standard criteria exists for its diagnosis and treatment.AIM To analyze the clinical features and risk factors of IFD.METHODS Patients with colon cancer receiving laparoscopic surgery were included using propensity-score-matching(PSM)methods.Based on the occurrence of IFD,patients were categorized into IFD and non-IFD groups.The clinical characteristics and treatment approaches for patients with IFD were analyzed.Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of IFD.RESULTS The IFD incidence after laparoscopic surgery was 9.0%(97 of 1073 patients).After PSM,97 and 194 patients were identified in the IFD and non-IFD groups,respectively.The most common symptoms of IFD were diarrhea and abdominal,typically occurring on post-operative days 3 and 4.All patients were managed conservatively,including modulation of the intestinal flora(90.7%),oral/intravenous application of vancomycin(74.2%),and insertion of a gastric/ileus tube for decompression(23.7%).Multivariate regression analysis identified that preoperative intestinal obstruction[odds ratio(OR)=2.79,95%CI:1.04–7.47,P=0.041]and post-operative antibiotics(OR=8.57,95%CI:3.31–23.49,P<0.001)were independent risk factors for IFD,whereas pre-operative parenteral nutrition(OR=0.12,95%CI:0.06–0.26,P<0.001)emerged as a protective factor.CONCLUSION A stepwise approach of probiotics,vancomycin,and decompression could be an alternative treatment for IFD.Special attention is warranted post-operatively for patients with pre-operative obstruction or early use of antibiotics.
文摘Objective:In order to reveal the potential association between intestinal flora and atopic dermatitis with asthma,the study compares the changes in intestinal flora before and after treatment with antibiotics in children and explores the risk factors for the disease development in children.The differences between asthma-controlled children and healthy children were also analyzed to investigate whether there was a correlation between the level of control and intestinal flora in asthmatic children.Methods:367 children with atopic dermatitis and asthma were selected,and the control group was healthy children who did not have other skin diseases.Fecal samples were collected from healthy children and children with asthma,and the intestinal flora was tested at Beijing Nebula Medical Testing Laboratory Co.At the same time,50 children were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria to take amide antibiotics during hospitalization,and stool samples were collected before and after taking antibiotics.Results:The proportion of Gram-positive cocci increased and the proportion of Gram-positive bacilli decreased after the administration of antibiotics in children with atopic dermatitis and asthma(P<0.05),and no significant difference was shown in the gender and age of the children(P>0.05).The proportion of family history of atopic dermatitis with asthma was higher in the experimental group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The use of antibiotics in children with atopic dermatitis with asthma showed a positive correlation with changes in intestinal flora.The use of antibiotics may lead to changes in intestinal flora and increase the risk of atopic dermatitis with asthma.Antibiotic use in infancy and childhood is also recognized as a risk factor for atopic dermatitis with asthma.Therefore,the use of antibiotics should be minimized in preventing and treating atopic dermatitis with asthma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(CN)(No.81974544).
文摘Background: The Danshen-Honghua herb pair (DHHP) is a common modern Chinese medicine pair for activating blood circulation and resolving blood stasis. It has been used for centuries to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and is often found in some herbal compounds for treating cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of DHHP on the intestinal flora of rats with acute myocardial ischemia and its microbial transformation in vitro. Methods: In this study, we investigated the protective effect of DHHP on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial ischemia in rats based on metagenomic sequencing technology, and further characterized the in vitro metabolic transformation products of DHHP, so as to investigate its anti-myocardial ischemic efficacy material basis. Results: Pharmacodynamic results demonstrated that DHHP significantly ameliorated pathological changes and improved abnormal cardiac enzyme levels in acute myocardial ischemia rats. In addition, metagenomic analysis showed the efficacy of DHHP in ameliorating the isoproterenol-induced modifications of the intestinal flora in rats. Specifically, DHHP promoted the growth of the intestinal potential probiotics such as Lactobacillus while suppressing the pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia and Streptococcus. The in vitro metabolism results showed that the DHHP’s active components underwent primarily phase I metabolism through hydroxylation, decarboxylation, and dehydration inversions in the isolated intestinal flora of acute myocardial ischemia rats and in phase II through sulfation esterification and methylation reactions. Conclusion: The results suggest that there may be a bidirectional regulatory effect between DHHP and intestinal flora, which is important to explain the pharmacological mechanism of DHHP.
基金Project supported by Key Project of Education Department of Liaoning Province(LJKZZ20220116)Surface Project of Science and Technology Department of Liaoning Province(2023-MS-251).
文摘The aim of the experiment was to explore the feasibility of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris as feed in the production of laying hens. 100 g/kg, 200 g/kg, 300 g/kg of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris were added to the basal diet of laying hens. The results showed that the optimal addition of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris in the diet of laying hens was 10%. According to the results of measuring the conventional indicators of eggs, the weight of eggs produced by laying hens fed with discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris was higher than that of laying hens fed with ordinary laying hens. The content of interleukin-1(IL-1) in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the concentration of IL-1 increased by 141.5 pg/mL, which indicated that the application of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris effectively improved the immunity of laying hens. The high-throughput analysis of the intestinal contents of the two groups of laying hens showed that the microbial population abundance of the intestinal tract of the experimental group was greater than that of control group, and the application of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris increased the diversity of bacteria in the intestinal tract of laying hens. In addition, the sensitivity of some pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract of chickens to drugs was also increased, thereby reducing the use of antibiotics. The secondary utilization of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris has great development and utilization prospects, which provided a scientific reference and basic theoretical basis for the development of discarded nutrient medium of Cordyceps militaris as feed in the production of laying hens.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Youth(81903801)the National Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2022-MS-287)the Shenyang Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project(RC210192),and the Project of Educational Department of Liaoning Province(JYTCB-024).
文摘Objective:To clarify the specific mechanisms of action of raw Phellodendron chinense Schneid.(RPC)and saltwater-processed PC(SPC)in the treatment of rats with a kidney-yin deficiency pattern(KYDP).Methods:Healthy rats were administered hydrocortisone to establish a KYDP model.The rats were divided into seven groups:blank control,model,positive control(Liuwei Dihuang pills),high-dose RPC,low-dose RPC,high-dose SPC,and low-dose SPC.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of cAMP,cGMP,TRH,TSH,T3,T4,IFN-g,TNF-a,and testosterone in the serum and the levels of Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase and Ca ^(2+)-Mg ^(2+)-ATPase in the liver.TRH mRNA expression in the rat hypo-thalamus was measured using RT-PCR.THRa1+2 protein expression in the hypothalamus of rats was measured using Western blot.Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression levels of FAS,FasL,and TSHR.Flow cytometry was used to determine CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T lymphocyte levels.Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology was used to evaluate the diversity of intestinal flora in KYDP rats.Results:The cAMP/cGMP ratio was significantly higher in the model group than in the blank control group(P=0.048).Compared with the model group,after administration,the levels of the above-mentioned serum and liver indexes decreased,except that of testosterone.The CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)ratio also decreased.Compared with the RPC group,the levels of T3,IFN-g,FAS,FasL,and TSHR in the SPC group decreased whereas that of testosterone increased.Additionally,immune function and intestinal flora diversity improved in the SPC group.SPC proved to be more effective in improving liver energy meta-bolism in KYDP rats than RPC.Conclusion:SPC had a better therapeutic effect on KYDP than RPC.The underlying mechanism of action may be related to improvements in liver energy metabolism,immune function,and intestinal flora diversity.
基金Supported by China National University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Program(S202310553010)2023 Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology(14).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding compound probiotics on the growth performance and intestinal flora of Kunming mice.[Methods]Twelve healthy 2-week-old Kunming male mice with body weight of(11.09±0.43)g were selected.They were randomly divided into two treatment groups,namely blank control group(NC)and compound probiotics group(CB+LR+BS),with six mice in each group.The two groups were fed with commercial basal diet,and the compound probiotic experimental group was fed with basal diet supplemented with compound probiotics,in which the contents of Clostridium butyricum spores,Lactobacillus reuteri and Bacillus subtilis spores were 1×1010,1×1011 and 1×1010 CUF/kg,respectively.The body weight,feed intake and water intake of mice were counted every 4 d,and the experimental period was 13 d.On the 13 th day,the cecal contents of the mice were collected for analysis.[Results]There was no significant change in body weight and feed intake when compound probiotics were added to the diet.However,the addition of compound probiotics reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli,urease-negative Helicobacter typhlonius and Salmonella enterica,while increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Anaerostipes hadrus,and the contents of IgG and IgM increased significantly(P<0.05).[Conclusions]In summary,the addition of compound probiotics could significantly improve the structure of intestinal microbial flora,increase the quantity of beneficial bacteria,reduce the quantity of harmful bacteria,and improve the immune function of mice.
文摘Colorectal cancer, as a common malignant tumor, has been increasing in incidence year by year and has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Meanwhile, researchers have found a close relationship between dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and colorectal cancer, which has further triggered indepth exploration of the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of colorectal cancer. Studies have shown that there are specific microbial changes in colorectal cancer tissues, including enrichment or depletion of certain bacterial species, which may be associated with tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, gut microbiota has been found to be closely linked to tumor microenvironment, tumor immune response, chemotherapy drug metabolism, and other factors. In this context, it is imperative to study the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer. A comprehensive understanding of the interaction between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer is not only helpful in revealing novel mechanisms of colorectal cancer development, but also holds promise in providing new strategies and targets for early diagnosis, individualized treatment, and prevention of colorectal cancer. This review aims to thoroughly discuss the research progress of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer, including its compositional characteristics, its role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, and its potential clinical applications. The goal is to provide references and insights for further research in this field.
基金National Sciences and Technology Program of China (Grant No. 2011BAI07B08)"Major New Medicine Project" in Mega-projects of Science Research of China (Grant No. 2009ZX09301-010)
文摘Naringin （1）, the highest-content flavanone glycoside in sour oranges, was incubated with human intestinal flora, and four biotransforrnation products （2-5） were obtained from the incubated mixture by chromatographic methods. The chemical structures of the four products were elucidated as naringin-6＂acetate （2）, naringenin （3）, phloretic acid （4）, and phloroglucinol （5） on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Naringin-6＂-acetate was specifically formed by acetylation at C6-OH of glucosyl group of 1. The result obtained in the present research could account for the lower bioavailability of 1 after oral administration, suggesting that some biological properties of 1 in vivo may be mediated by its intestinal flora converted product 3. The biotransforrnation of 1 by intestinal flora leading to their systemic absorption deserves further attention and may provide valuable insights into pre-systemic drug metabolism, delivery or toxicity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81173342,81473773)Postgraduate Innovation Funding Project(No.XCXZZBS2021017)。
文摘Objective:This study was done to determine the effects of different courses of moxibustion on a rat knee osteoarthritis(KOA)model,and explore the dose–effect relationship of moxibustion on KOA from the perspectives of intestinal flora and inflammatory factors.Methods:Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal,model,moxibustion for 2 weeks,moxibustion for 4 weeks and moxibustion for 6 weeks groups(n=5 each group).A KOA rat model was induced by monosodium iodoacetate,and moxibustion intervention was performed at the acupoints“Dubi”(ST35)and“Zusanli”(ST36),once every other day.Pathologic changes in the cartilage of rat knee joints were assessed after intervention,and fecal samples were subjected to 16 S r RNA high-throughput sequencing for microbial diversity analysis.Results:Damage to the knee articular cartilage was obvious in the model group,which also had increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors,decreased levels of anti-inflammatory factors,and intestinal flora disorders with decreased diversity.The degree of cartilage damage in the 4 and 6 weeks of moxibustion groups was significantly improved compared with the model group.The 4 and 6 weeks of moxibustion groups also demonstrated reduced levels of interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-a and increased levels of interleukin-10(P<0.05).Both the abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora were increased,approaching those of the normal group.Abundances of probiotics Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 increased,while that of the pathogenic bacteria Lachnospiraceae NK4 A136 group decreased(P<0.05).Although the abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4 A136 group decreased in the 2 weeks of moxibustion group compared with the model group(P<0.05),there was no statistically significant difference in serum inflammatory factors,flora species diversity or degree of pathological damage compared with the model group.Conclusion:Moxibustion treatment led to significant improvements in the intestinal flora and inflammatory factors of rats with KOA.Moxibustion treatment of 4 and 6 weeks led to better outcomes than the 2-week course.Moxibustion for 4 and 6 weeks can regulate intestinal flora dysfunction with increased probiotics and reduced pathogenic bacteria,reduce pro-inflammatory factors and increase antiinflammatory factors.No significant differences were seen between the effects of moxibustion for 4 weeks and 6 weeks.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFD0400605.
文摘BACKGROUND Sepsis is a common disease in intensive care units,with high morbidity and mortality.Intestinal microecology plays a vital part in the development and progression of this disease,possibly because sepsis and its treatment cause specific changes in the composition of the intestinal flora.AIM To investigate the characteristics of intestinal flora disturbance in sepsis patients treated with antibiotics.METHODS In this prospective comparative study,we enrolled ten patients with sepsis(sepsis group),hospitalized in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the General Hospital,Ningxia Medical University,China(a class IIIa general hospital)from February 2017 to June 2017;ten patients without sepsis hospitalized in the same period(non-sepsis group)and ten healthy individuals(control group)were also enrolled.Fecal samples collected from the three groups were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the intestinal flora diversity,structure,and composition were determined.Additionally,the dynamics of the intestinal flora diversity,structure,and composition in sepsis patients were investigated via 16S rRNA gene sequencing of samples collected 0 d,3 d,and 7 d after admittance to the intensive care unit.Correlations between the serum levels of procalcitonin,endotoxin,diamine oxidase,and D-lactic acid and the intestinal flora composition of sepsis patients were also investigated.RESULTS Compared with the healthy control group,sepsis and non-sepsis patients showed reduced intestinal floraα-diversity and a distinct flora structure,with Firmicutes as the dominant phylum,and significantly decreased proportions of Bacteroidetes,as well as Prevotella and Lachnospira,among other genera.Of note,the proportion of Enterococcus was significantly increased in the intestinal tract of sepsis patients.Interestingly,theα-diversity in the sepsis group decreased gradually,from days 1 to 7 of treatment.However,pairwise comparisons showed that both the diversity and structure of the intestinal flora were not significantly different considering the three different time points studied.Curiously,the serum levels of procalcitonin,endotoxin,diamine oxidase,and D-lactic acid in sepsis patients correlated with the prevalence of various bacterial genera.For example,the prevalence of Ruminococcus was positively correlated with serum procalcitonin,endotoxins,and diamine oxidase;similarly,the prevalence of Roseburia was positively correlated with serum procalcitonin,endotoxins,and D-lactic acid.CONCLUSION Sepsis patients in intensive care units show dysbiosis,lasting for at least 1 wk.
文摘Objective:In this study,we investigated the changes in peripheral blood inflammatory factors and intestinal flora in acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive individuals(AIDS/HIV patients),and explored the relationships among intestinal flora,peripheral blood inflammatory factors,and CD4^+T lymphocytes.Methods:Thirty blood and stool samples from an AIDS group and a control group were collected.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the number of CD4^+T lymphocytes by a FACSCount automated instrument.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to determine the messenger RNA(mRNA)levels of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,and Enterococcus faecium.Correlations among intestinal flora,inflammatory factor levels,and CD4^+T lymphocyte values were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient.Results:The levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in the AIDS group were higher than those in the control group,while the number of CD4^+T lymphocytes was lower.The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the AIDS group were significantly lower than those in control group,while the amounts of E.coli,E.faecalis,and E.faecium were much higher.The amounts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with the content of TNF-αand IL-6 and the CD4^+T lymphocyte count,while those correlations were reversed for E.coli,E.faecalis,and E.faecium.Conclusions:The intestinal microbiota of AIDS/HIV patients were disordered,and there was a correlation between the amount of intestinal flora and the number of CD4^+T lymphocytes and the levels of TNF-αand IL-6.
文摘Objective We investigated changes in the intestinal flora of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP).Methods Between September 2019 and November 2019,stool samples from 14 children with MPP from The Fourth Hospital of Baotou city,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,were collected and divided into general treatment(AF)and probiotic(AFY)groups,according to the treatment of“combined Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Enterococcus,and Bacillus cereus tablets live”.Highthroughput 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify intestinal flora.Results Intestinal flora abundance and diversity in children with MPP were decreased.Both Shannon and Simpson indices were lower in the AF group when compared with healthy controls(P<.05).When compared with healthy controls,the proportion of Enterorhabdus was lower in the AF group,while the proportion of Lachnoclostridium was higher(P<0.05).The proportion of Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia was lower in the AFY group but Enterococcus,Lachnoclostridium,Roseburia,and Erysipelatoclostridium proportions were higher.The proportion of Escherichia coli-Shigella in the AFY group after treatment was decreased(P<0.05).Conclusions The intestinal flora of children with MPP is disturbed,manifested as decreased abundance and diversity,and decreased Bifidobacteria.Our probiotic mixture partly improved intestinal flora disorders.
基金This work was supported by the Shenzhen Key Discipline of Medicine(2020-2024)(SZXK039)Science and Technology Development Special Fund of Shenzhen Longgang District(LGKC YL WS2019000749 and LGKC YLWS2019000846)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M683137).
文摘Antibiotic exposure-induced dysbiosis of the intestinal flora increases the risk of developing allergic rhinitis.Hence,regulating the balance of intestinal flora may be useful for preventing and treating allergic rhinitis.However,the underlying mechanism is unclear.Dendrobium nobile(Shihu)exhibits anti-inflammatory and immune activities.Hence,in this study,we investigated the mechanism via which Shihu may improve allergic rhinitis.Mouse models of allergic rhinitis with intestinal flora dysbiosis(Model-D,antibiotics induce intestinal flora dysbiosis with ovalbumin-induced allergy)and normal intestinal flora with allergic rhinitis(Model-N,ovalbumin-induced allergy)were established.The effect of Shihu on intestinal flora and inflammation caused during allergic rhinitis were analyzed.Allergic symptoms,infiltration of hematoxylin and eosin in the lungs and nose,and the release of various factors[interleukin(IL)-2,IL-4,IFN-y,IL-6,IL-10,and IL-17]in the lungs were evaluated.The results indicate that intestinal flora dysbiosis exacerbated lung and nose inflammation in allergic rhinitis.However,treatment with the Shihu extract effectively reversed these symp-toms.Besides,the Shihu extract inhibited the PI3K/AXT/mTOR pathway and increased the level of Forkhead box protein in the lungs.Additionally,the Shihu extract reversed intestinal flora dysbiosis at the phylum and genus levels and improved regulator T cell differentiation.Furthermore,in the Model-D group,the Shihu extract inhibited the decrease in the diversity and abundance of the intestinal flora.Screening was performed to determine which intestinal flora was positively correlated with Treg differentiation using Spearman5 s correlation analysis.In conclusion,we showed that Shihu extract restored the balance in intestinal flora and ameliorated inflammation in the lungs of allergic rhinitis mice and predicted a therapeutic new approach using Traditional Chinese Medicine to improve allergic rhinitis.
