Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that occasionally inhabits the human gastrointestinal tracts.Gut-colonized K.pneumoniae may then metastasize to other organs and tissues,thus...Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that occasionally inhabits the human gastrointestinal tracts.Gut-colonized K.pneumoniae may then metastasize to other organs and tissues,thus causing severe infections.In this study,we identified three cpxA mutations in K.pneumoniae that experimentally evolved to show reduced adhesive ability.CpxA is a sensor histidine kinase that rendered reduced surface adhesion and gut colonization ability in K.pneumoniae.Interestingly,one experimentally gained CpxA mutant(L168del)also commonly occurs in nature.K.pneumoniae containing CpxA variants showed different colonization potentials through altered type 3 fimbriae expression.Lastly,we demonstrated that CpxA contributes to amino acid sensing,thus regulating the colonization of K.pneumoniae both on solid surfaces and in mouse intestines.The polymorphism of CpxA may help to broaden the environmental adaptation of the bacterium.These findings together reveal a Cpx-mediated regulation to diversify intestinal colonization in K.pneumoniae.展开更多
Background: The initial intestinal microbiota acquired from different sources has profound impacts on animal health and productivity. In modern poultry production practices, the source(s) of the establishing microbes ...Background: The initial intestinal microbiota acquired from different sources has profound impacts on animal health and productivity. In modern poultry production practices, the source(s) of the establishing microbes and their overall contribution during development of gastrointestinal tract communities are still unclear. Using fertilized eggs from two independent sources, we assessed the impact of eggshell-and environmental-associated microbial communities on the successional processes and bacterial community structure throughout the intestinal tract of chickens for up to 6 weeks post-hatch.Results: Culturing and sequencing techniques identified a viable, highly diverse population of anaerobic bacteria on the eggshell. The jejunal, ileal, and cecal microbial communities for the egg-only, environment-only, and conventionally raised birds generally displayed similar successional patterns characterized by increasing community richness and evenness over time, with strains of Enterococcus, Romboutsia, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae abundant for all three input groups in both trials. Bacterial community structures differed significantly based on trial and microbiota input with the exception of the egg-exposed and conventional birds in the jejunum at week 1 and the ileum at week 6. Cecal community structures were different based on trial and microbiota input source, and cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles at week 6 highlighted functional differences as well.Conclusion: We identified distinct intestinal microbial communities and differing cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles between birds exposed to the microbiota associated with either the eggshell or environment, and those of conventionally hatched birds. Our data suggest the eggshell plays an appreciable role in the development of the chicken intestinal microbiota, especially in the jejunum and ileum where the community structure of the eggshellonly birds was similar to the structure of conventionally hatched birds. Our data identify a complex interplay between the eggshell and environmental microbiota during establishment and succession within the chicken gut.Further studies should explore the ability of eggshell-and environment-derived microbes to shape the dynamics of succession and how these communities can be targeted through interventions to promote gut health and mitigate food-borne pathogen colonization in poultry.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the role of psychological nursing mode in the preoperative bowel clearing management of patients with colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction. Methods: a total of 100 patients with colorecta...Objective: to analyze the role of psychological nursing mode in the preoperative bowel clearing management of patients with colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction. Methods: a total of 100 patients with colorectal cancer complicated with intestinal obstruction admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to February 2021 were included in the randomized group. The control group received routine preoperative intestinal irrigation management and had no difference with the seamless nursing model group. For nursing model, complications were compared between the two groups. Results: the incidence of postoperative infection and bleeding in the seamless nursing model group was lower than that in the control group. Conclusion: the smooth nursing mode and effect of patients with colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction are accurate, can reduce complications, and is worthy of popularization and application.展开更多
Objective: to summarize and analyze the CT features of intestinal gas cyst of colon under the multi-plane reconstruction technique of MSCT, in order to improve the correct diagnosis rate of intestinal gas cyst of colo...Objective: to summarize and analyze the CT features of intestinal gas cyst of colon under the multi-plane reconstruction technique of MSCT, in order to improve the correct diagnosis rate of intestinal gas cyst of colon. Methods: the clinical and MSCT data of 8 patients with clinically diagnosed intestinal gas cyst of colon were retrospectively analyzed. Results: CT multiplanar reconstruction showed that 8 cases were of mixed type of colonic air cyst, of which 5 cases were subserous type and 3 cases were submucosal type. In the mixed type of intestinal gas cyst with subserosal type, 5 cases showed extraintestinal free gas and 1 case showed small amount of subdiaphragmatic free gas. All 8 cases showed no signs of peritonitis. Conclusion: the possibility of intestinal gas cyst should be considered when other diseases are excluded for abdominal pain with unknown causes. CT multiplanar reconstruction of colonic gas cyst showed that there were multiple cystic gas accumulation areas under the mucosa or serosa of the intestinal wall. The intestinal wall was clearly visible and accompanied by free pneumoperitoneum when the serosa was involved.展开更多
The present study described the enhancement of the nutritional values of wheat and rice crackers by adding cauliflowers. The results showed that 25% - 75% cauliflower replaced in crackers increased the consumer accept...The present study described the enhancement of the nutritional values of wheat and rice crackers by adding cauliflowers. The results showed that 25% - 75% cauliflower replaced in crackers increased the consumer acceptability, nutritional value, antioxidant activity, minerals, and anti-carcinogenic effect. Moreover, it also improved the functional properties and sensory quality. The results revealed that the raw samples of cauliflower recorded the highest value of moisture, ash, protein and fiber 89.29%, 7.68%, 19.04% and 10.18% on dry weight, respectively. The crackers formula of cauliflower: wheat 75%:25% and cauliflower: rice 75%:25% recorded the highest values in ash, protein, fat, and fiber. The data showed that increasing cauliflower percentage in crackers formula causing a parallel increase in all determined chemical composition. Cauliflower samples exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (92.94%). Also, crackers samples of cauliflower: wheat 75%:25% crackers, recorded 57.6% for antioxidant activity. The highest values of phenols and flavonoids for cauliflower cracker samples (cauliflower: wheat 75%:25% and cauliflower: rice 50%:50%) have increased up to (5.75 and 5.49) respectively. The results showed that the higher mineral content is the sulfur (635.96 mg/100g) in raw cauliflower, while (1.00 mg/100g, and 0.99 mg/100g sulfur content) in wheat and rice respectively. Moreover, the result found that as the cauliflower percentage increases, the minerals contents especially sulfur increase. Furthermore, the cauliflower displayed moderate activity for human hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer and intestinal epithelial barrier treatment, (IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">= 183.4 ± 6.8, 175.8 ± 7.1 and 207.2 ± 8.5 μg/mL, respectively). There were significant differences in the taste property;the highest degree of acceptance of the taste was obtained to crackers samples which were replaced with cauliflower more than the control.展开更多
Cyclic-di-GMP(c-di-GMP)is a ubiquitous signaling molecule in many microorganisms that orchestrates genetic regulation during the transition between a sessile and motile lifestyle.The intracellular levels of c-di-GMP a...Cyclic-di-GMP(c-di-GMP)is a ubiquitous signaling molecule in many microorganisms that orchestrates genetic regulation during the transition between a sessile and motile lifestyle.The intracellular levels of c-di-GMP are stringently monitored by two enzymes,diguanylate cyclases(DGCs)consisting of GGDEF domain and phosphodiesterases(PDEs)with EAL or HD-GYP domain.This study scanned the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917(EcN)genome for genes encoding for GGDEF and EAL domain-containing proteins.A total of 30 genes coding for proteins with canonical GGDEF,EAL,or both domains were identified.The expression of these genes in EcN during host intestinal cell colonization is yet to be characterized.Herein,the transcript levels of the 30 predicted genes implicated in c-di-GMP metabolism were analyzed in EcN during in vitro colonization of intestinal epithelial cells,Caco-2.The expression of two genes,dgcZ and sfaY,which play a vital role in the initial attachment to the cell surface and stress response,was highly up-regulated in EcN after 2 h of incubation with Caco-2 cells.Further,an affinity pull-down assay identified 53 c-di-GMP binding proteins.The in-depth genetic characterization will provide further insights into the c-di-GMP-mediated regulatory mechanisms during host colo-nization by the probiotic strains.展开更多
Endogenous H_(2)O_(2) production by intestinal cells and commensal lactic acid bacteria plays an important role in reducing pathogenic infection.Few reports have addressed the influence of catalase-mimetic gold nanopa...Endogenous H_(2)O_(2) production by intestinal cells and commensal lactic acid bacteria plays an important role in reducing pathogenic infection.Few reports have addressed the influence of catalase-mimetic gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)on intestinal barrier function against invading pathogens.In this study,citrate-and tannic acid-stabilized 5 nm-sized AuNPs were orally administered to C57BL/6 mice daily for 21 day before and during 6 day of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium(S.Typhimurium)exposure.High-throughput sequencing of fecal 16S rRNA revealed that AuNPs did not significantly alter gut microbiota diversity and community before S.Typhimurium challenge.Fecal bacterial enumeration with selective media during the 6-day S.Typhimurium challenge period unveiled that AuNPs markedly induced the increased Salmonella colonization and the decreased Lactobacillus abundance.AuNPs exacerbated S.Typhimuriuminduced food intake reduction,body weight loss,cecum/colon histopathological lesions,and mortality.In vitro growth kinetic and virulence assays demonstrated that AuNPs notably counteracted the H_(2)O_(2)-induced suppression of S.Typhimurium growth in liquid medium,migration on agar plate,and adhesion and invasion of Caco-2 cell monolayers.In comparison with AuNPs coated by tannic acid,citrate-coated AuNPs exerted significantly greater effects on S.Typhimurium-induced weight loss and mortality in vivo,as well as S.Typhimurium growth,migration,and invasion in the presence of H_(2)O_(2) in vitro,which correlated well with the superior catalase-mimetic activity of citrate-coated AuNPs than tannic acid-coated ones in serumsupplemented cell culture media according to the results of electron spin resonance oximetry.Overall,AuNPs may increase the risk of pathogenic Salmonella infection through catalytic decomposition of endogenous H_(2)O_(2).展开更多
基金partially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant no.2023YFC2308403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.32430002)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(Grant no.LRG25C010001)the Westlake University-Muyuan Joint Research Institute(Program no.WU2024MY001)the Westlake Center for Genome Editing(Program no.21200000A992410)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory Construction Project(2024ZY01026)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Grant no.2024SSYS0029)support from the Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine and the Westlake Education Foundation.
文摘Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that occasionally inhabits the human gastrointestinal tracts.Gut-colonized K.pneumoniae may then metastasize to other organs and tissues,thus causing severe infections.In this study,we identified three cpxA mutations in K.pneumoniae that experimentally evolved to show reduced adhesive ability.CpxA is a sensor histidine kinase that rendered reduced surface adhesion and gut colonization ability in K.pneumoniae.Interestingly,one experimentally gained CpxA mutant(L168del)also commonly occurs in nature.K.pneumoniae containing CpxA variants showed different colonization potentials through altered type 3 fimbriae expression.Lastly,we demonstrated that CpxA contributes to amino acid sensing,thus regulating the colonization of K.pneumoniae both on solid surfaces and in mouse intestines.The polymorphism of CpxA may help to broaden the environmental adaptation of the bacterium.These findings together reveal a Cpx-mediated regulation to diversify intestinal colonization in K.pneumoniae.
基金supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) funds。
文摘Background: The initial intestinal microbiota acquired from different sources has profound impacts on animal health and productivity. In modern poultry production practices, the source(s) of the establishing microbes and their overall contribution during development of gastrointestinal tract communities are still unclear. Using fertilized eggs from two independent sources, we assessed the impact of eggshell-and environmental-associated microbial communities on the successional processes and bacterial community structure throughout the intestinal tract of chickens for up to 6 weeks post-hatch.Results: Culturing and sequencing techniques identified a viable, highly diverse population of anaerobic bacteria on the eggshell. The jejunal, ileal, and cecal microbial communities for the egg-only, environment-only, and conventionally raised birds generally displayed similar successional patterns characterized by increasing community richness and evenness over time, with strains of Enterococcus, Romboutsia, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae abundant for all three input groups in both trials. Bacterial community structures differed significantly based on trial and microbiota input with the exception of the egg-exposed and conventional birds in the jejunum at week 1 and the ileum at week 6. Cecal community structures were different based on trial and microbiota input source, and cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles at week 6 highlighted functional differences as well.Conclusion: We identified distinct intestinal microbial communities and differing cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles between birds exposed to the microbiota associated with either the eggshell or environment, and those of conventionally hatched birds. Our data suggest the eggshell plays an appreciable role in the development of the chicken intestinal microbiota, especially in the jejunum and ileum where the community structure of the eggshellonly birds was similar to the structure of conventionally hatched birds. Our data identify a complex interplay between the eggshell and environmental microbiota during establishment and succession within the chicken gut.Further studies should explore the ability of eggshell-and environment-derived microbes to shape the dynamics of succession and how these communities can be targeted through interventions to promote gut health and mitigate food-borne pathogen colonization in poultry.
文摘Objective: to analyze the role of psychological nursing mode in the preoperative bowel clearing management of patients with colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction. Methods: a total of 100 patients with colorectal cancer complicated with intestinal obstruction admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to February 2021 were included in the randomized group. The control group received routine preoperative intestinal irrigation management and had no difference with the seamless nursing model group. For nursing model, complications were compared between the two groups. Results: the incidence of postoperative infection and bleeding in the seamless nursing model group was lower than that in the control group. Conclusion: the smooth nursing mode and effect of patients with colorectal cancer and intestinal obstruction are accurate, can reduce complications, and is worthy of popularization and application.
文摘Objective: to summarize and analyze the CT features of intestinal gas cyst of colon under the multi-plane reconstruction technique of MSCT, in order to improve the correct diagnosis rate of intestinal gas cyst of colon. Methods: the clinical and MSCT data of 8 patients with clinically diagnosed intestinal gas cyst of colon were retrospectively analyzed. Results: CT multiplanar reconstruction showed that 8 cases were of mixed type of colonic air cyst, of which 5 cases were subserous type and 3 cases were submucosal type. In the mixed type of intestinal gas cyst with subserosal type, 5 cases showed extraintestinal free gas and 1 case showed small amount of subdiaphragmatic free gas. All 8 cases showed no signs of peritonitis. Conclusion: the possibility of intestinal gas cyst should be considered when other diseases are excluded for abdominal pain with unknown causes. CT multiplanar reconstruction of colonic gas cyst showed that there were multiple cystic gas accumulation areas under the mucosa or serosa of the intestinal wall. The intestinal wall was clearly visible and accompanied by free pneumoperitoneum when the serosa was involved.
文摘The present study described the enhancement of the nutritional values of wheat and rice crackers by adding cauliflowers. The results showed that 25% - 75% cauliflower replaced in crackers increased the consumer acceptability, nutritional value, antioxidant activity, minerals, and anti-carcinogenic effect. Moreover, it also improved the functional properties and sensory quality. The results revealed that the raw samples of cauliflower recorded the highest value of moisture, ash, protein and fiber 89.29%, 7.68%, 19.04% and 10.18% on dry weight, respectively. The crackers formula of cauliflower: wheat 75%:25% and cauliflower: rice 75%:25% recorded the highest values in ash, protein, fat, and fiber. The data showed that increasing cauliflower percentage in crackers formula causing a parallel increase in all determined chemical composition. Cauliflower samples exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (92.94%). Also, crackers samples of cauliflower: wheat 75%:25% crackers, recorded 57.6% for antioxidant activity. The highest values of phenols and flavonoids for cauliflower cracker samples (cauliflower: wheat 75%:25% and cauliflower: rice 50%:50%) have increased up to (5.75 and 5.49) respectively. The results showed that the higher mineral content is the sulfur (635.96 mg/100g) in raw cauliflower, while (1.00 mg/100g, and 0.99 mg/100g sulfur content) in wheat and rice respectively. Moreover, the result found that as the cauliflower percentage increases, the minerals contents especially sulfur increase. Furthermore, the cauliflower displayed moderate activity for human hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer and intestinal epithelial barrier treatment, (IC</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">50</span></sub></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">= 183.4 ± 6.8, 175.8 ± 7.1 and 207.2 ± 8.5 μg/mL, respectively). There were significant differences in the taste property;the highest degree of acceptance of the taste was obtained to crackers samples which were replaced with cauliflower more than the control.
基金funded by the Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),New Delhi to SJ under the SERBNational Post-Doctoral Fellowship(N-PDF)Scheme(File No.PDF/2019/002852).
文摘Cyclic-di-GMP(c-di-GMP)is a ubiquitous signaling molecule in many microorganisms that orchestrates genetic regulation during the transition between a sessile and motile lifestyle.The intracellular levels of c-di-GMP are stringently monitored by two enzymes,diguanylate cyclases(DGCs)consisting of GGDEF domain and phosphodiesterases(PDEs)with EAL or HD-GYP domain.This study scanned the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917(EcN)genome for genes encoding for GGDEF and EAL domain-containing proteins.A total of 30 genes coding for proteins with canonical GGDEF,EAL,or both domains were identified.The expression of these genes in EcN during host intestinal cell colonization is yet to be characterized.Herein,the transcript levels of the 30 predicted genes implicated in c-di-GMP metabolism were analyzed in EcN during in vitro colonization of intestinal epithelial cells,Caco-2.The expression of two genes,dgcZ and sfaY,which play a vital role in the initial attachment to the cell surface and stress response,was highly up-regulated in EcN after 2 h of incubation with Caco-2 cells.Further,an affinity pull-down assay identified 53 c-di-GMP binding proteins.The in-depth genetic characterization will provide further insights into the c-di-GMP-mediated regulatory mechanisms during host colo-nization by the probiotic strains.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82003444)Hainan Province’s Key Research and Development Project(No.ZDYF2024XDNY191)+3 种基金Major Science and Technology Project of Haikou City(No.2023-001)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Sanya City(No.2022KJCX59)Yantai Development Zone Science and Technology Leading Talent Project(No.2021RC014)Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province(No.2022CXGC020414).
文摘Endogenous H_(2)O_(2) production by intestinal cells and commensal lactic acid bacteria plays an important role in reducing pathogenic infection.Few reports have addressed the influence of catalase-mimetic gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)on intestinal barrier function against invading pathogens.In this study,citrate-and tannic acid-stabilized 5 nm-sized AuNPs were orally administered to C57BL/6 mice daily for 21 day before and during 6 day of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium(S.Typhimurium)exposure.High-throughput sequencing of fecal 16S rRNA revealed that AuNPs did not significantly alter gut microbiota diversity and community before S.Typhimurium challenge.Fecal bacterial enumeration with selective media during the 6-day S.Typhimurium challenge period unveiled that AuNPs markedly induced the increased Salmonella colonization and the decreased Lactobacillus abundance.AuNPs exacerbated S.Typhimuriuminduced food intake reduction,body weight loss,cecum/colon histopathological lesions,and mortality.In vitro growth kinetic and virulence assays demonstrated that AuNPs notably counteracted the H_(2)O_(2)-induced suppression of S.Typhimurium growth in liquid medium,migration on agar plate,and adhesion and invasion of Caco-2 cell monolayers.In comparison with AuNPs coated by tannic acid,citrate-coated AuNPs exerted significantly greater effects on S.Typhimurium-induced weight loss and mortality in vivo,as well as S.Typhimurium growth,migration,and invasion in the presence of H_(2)O_(2) in vitro,which correlated well with the superior catalase-mimetic activity of citrate-coated AuNPs than tannic acid-coated ones in serumsupplemented cell culture media according to the results of electron spin resonance oximetry.Overall,AuNPs may increase the risk of pathogenic Salmonella infection through catalytic decomposition of endogenous H_(2)O_(2).
