Coxsackievirus A10(CVA10)is one of the major causative agents of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD).To investigate the epidemiological characteristics as well as genetic features of CVA10 currently circulating in Shang...Coxsackievirus A10(CVA10)is one of the major causative agents of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD).To investigate the epidemiological characteristics as well as genetic features of CVA10 currently circulating in Shanghai,China,we collected a total of 9,952 sporadic HFMD cases from January 2016 to December 2020.In the past five years,CVA10 was the fourth prevalent causatives associated with HFMD in Shanghai and the overall positive rate was 2.78%.The annual distribution experienced significant fluctuations over the past five years.In addition to entire VP1 sequencing,complete genome sequencing and recombination analysis of CVA10 isolates in Shanghai were further performed.A total of 64 near complete genomes and 11 entire VP1 sequences in this study combined with reference sequences publicly available were integrated into phylogenetic analysis.The CVA10sequences in this study mainly belonged to genogroup C and presented 91%-100%nucleotide identity with other Chinese isolates based on VP1 region.For the first time,our study reported the appearance of CVA10 genogroup D in Chinese mainland,which had led to large-scale outbreaks in Europe previously.The recombination analysis showed the recombination break point located between 5,100 nt and 6,700 nt,which suggesting intertypic recombination with CVA16 genogroup D.To conclusion,CVA10 genogroup C was the predominant genogroup in Shanghai during 2016-2020.CVA10 recombinant genogroup D was firstly reported in circulating in Chinese mainland.Continuous surveillance is needed to better understand the evolution relationships and transmission pathways of CVA10 to help to guide disease control and prevention.展开更多
Nonmagnetic impurity scattering is known to shift up the Ginzburg-Landau parameter k of a superconductor.In this case,when the system is initially in type I,it can change its magnetic response,crossing the intertype d...Nonmagnetic impurity scattering is known to shift up the Ginzburg-Landau parameter k of a superconductor.In this case,when the system is initially in type I,it can change its magnetic response,crossing the intertype domain with k~1 between the two standard superconductivity types and arriving at type II.In the present work we demonstrate that the impact of disorder can be much more profound in the presence of the multiband structure of the charge carrier states.In particular,when the band diffusivities differ from each other,the intertype domain tends to expand significantly,including points with k>>1 that belong to deep type-Ⅱ in conventional single-band superconductors.Our finding sheds light on the nontrivial disorder effect and significantly complements earlier results on the enlargement of the intertype domain in clean multiband superconductors.展开更多
基金supported by Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant no:19YF1441500)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(Grant no:20184Y0101)Three-Year Action Plan of Shanghai Public Health System Construction(Grant no:GWV-2,GWV10.1-XK03)。
文摘Coxsackievirus A10(CVA10)is one of the major causative agents of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD).To investigate the epidemiological characteristics as well as genetic features of CVA10 currently circulating in Shanghai,China,we collected a total of 9,952 sporadic HFMD cases from January 2016 to December 2020.In the past five years,CVA10 was the fourth prevalent causatives associated with HFMD in Shanghai and the overall positive rate was 2.78%.The annual distribution experienced significant fluctuations over the past five years.In addition to entire VP1 sequencing,complete genome sequencing and recombination analysis of CVA10 isolates in Shanghai were further performed.A total of 64 near complete genomes and 11 entire VP1 sequences in this study combined with reference sequences publicly available were integrated into phylogenetic analysis.The CVA10sequences in this study mainly belonged to genogroup C and presented 91%-100%nucleotide identity with other Chinese isolates based on VP1 region.For the first time,our study reported the appearance of CVA10 genogroup D in Chinese mainland,which had led to large-scale outbreaks in Europe previously.The recombination analysis showed the recombination break point located between 5,100 nt and 6,700 nt,which suggesting intertypic recombination with CVA16 genogroup D.To conclusion,CVA10 genogroup C was the predominant genogroup in Shanghai during 2016-2020.CVA10 recombinant genogroup D was firstly reported in circulating in Chinese mainland.Continuous surveillance is needed to better understand the evolution relationships and transmission pathways of CVA10 to help to guide disease control and prevention.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Basic Research Program of the HSE University used to obtain the extended Ginzburg-Landau theory for strongly disordered superconductors.A.A.Sh.and A.V.V.thank the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(Project FSMG-2023-0014)the Russian Science Foundation(Grant No.23-7230004)for the support that helped to perform investigations of the intertype domain phase diagram.
文摘Nonmagnetic impurity scattering is known to shift up the Ginzburg-Landau parameter k of a superconductor.In this case,when the system is initially in type I,it can change its magnetic response,crossing the intertype domain with k~1 between the two standard superconductivity types and arriving at type II.In the present work we demonstrate that the impact of disorder can be much more profound in the presence of the multiband structure of the charge carrier states.In particular,when the band diffusivities differ from each other,the intertype domain tends to expand significantly,including points with k>>1 that belong to deep type-Ⅱ in conventional single-band superconductors.Our finding sheds light on the nontrivial disorder effect and significantly complements earlier results on the enlargement of the intertype domain in clean multiband superconductors.
