One novel cobalt coordination polymer, {[Co（HTCB）（4,4＇btb）]＇HzO}n （1, H3TCB = 1,3,5-tris（4-carboxyphenyl）benzene, 4,4＇-btb = 4,4＇-bis（1,2,4-triazol-3-yl）biphenyl）, has been synthesized and characterized ...One novel cobalt coordination polymer, {[Co（HTCB）（4,4＇btb）]＇HzO}n （1, H3TCB = 1,3,5-tris（4-carboxyphenyl）benzene, 4,4＇-btb = 4,4＇-bis（1,2,4-triazol-3-yl）biphenyl）, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, powder X-ray diffraction （PXRD）, and thermogravimetric （TG） analyses. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 is a 2D 2-fold interpenetrated {44,62}-sql [Co（HTCB）（4,4＇-btb）] sheet based on the 1D [Co（HTCB）]n chains and 1D [Co（4,4＇-btb）]n chains. The crystal of 1 crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 9.529（12）, b = 13.914（16）, c = 14.906（17） A, V= 1903（4） A3, Z = 2, C45H34N6CoO71 Mr= 829.71, Dc = 1.448 g/cm3, F（000） = 858 andμ（MoKa） = 0.514 mm-1. The final R = 0.0655 and wR = 0.1136 for 6603 observed reflections with 1 〉 2a（/） and R = 0.1136 and wR = 0.1747 for all data.展开更多
A novel,porous and doubly interpenetrated MOF（FJU-29） was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR,TGA and X-ray single-crystal/powder diffraction.FJU-29 crystallizes in monoclinic,space group C2/c with a = 22.2890（7...A novel,porous and doubly interpenetrated MOF（FJU-29） was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR,TGA and X-ray single-crystal/powder diffraction.FJU-29 crystallizes in monoclinic,space group C2/c with a = 22.2890（7）,b = 10.9175（2）,c = 21.5601（7） ？,β = 112.908（4）o,V = 4832.7（3） ？~3,Z = 8,Mr = 450.26,D_c = 1.238 g/cm^3,F（000） = 1832,μ（CuKα） = 5.885 mm^（-1）,R = 0.0585 and wR = 0.1544 for 4789 observed reflections（I 〉 2s（I））,and R = 0.0726 and wR = 0.1627 for all data.FJU-29 possesses paddle-wheel {Co_2（COO）_4} clusters bridged by bi-pyrazolate naphthalene diimide ligands（H_2NDI） and H_2BDC to from a 3D framework with a pcu-topology.The desolvated FJU-29a shows the BET surface area of 560.44 m^2·g^（-1） accompanies with discriminating uptakes in CO_2 and N_2.The adsorption selectivity determined by ideal adsorbed solution theory（IAST） indicated that FJU-29 a has high CO_2/N_2（18/85） selectivity（75.5） at 296 K and 100 kPa.The relatively high selectivity further implies that FJU-29 a is a potential material for practical flue gas purification.展开更多
Interpenetrated polymer networks of chitosan (CHI), polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) were prepared by free radical polymerization. These hydrogels were either washed with double distilled water (CHI/PAA...Interpenetrated polymer networks of chitosan (CHI), polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) were prepared by free radical polymerization. These hydrogels were either washed with double distilled water (CHI/PAA/PAM) A or hydrolyzed with 1M sodium hydroxide (NaOH), (CHI/PAA/PAM) S. Both types of hydrogels were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, microstructural techniques and compressive mechanical testing. Finally, hydrogels were loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and release followed at different pHs. Infrared spectra analysis showed correspondence between hydrogels and monomer feed compositions. Hydrolyzed hydrogels, had increased water content and pH swelling dependence. Compression modulus of swelled hydrolyzed hydrogels decreased with increasing equilibrium water content. Higher BSA loadings were achieved on hydrolyzed hydrogels due to their high water content and porosity. Protein release from hydrogels was low (≤ 20% after 10 hours) at pH 1.2, but sustained release was observed at pH 6.8 and 7.4. The integrity of the protein released at 6.8 and 7.4 by hydrolyzed hydrogels was unaffected. The hydrogles showed no cytotoxic effects on human skin dermal fibroblasts as determined by MTT assay except for two compositions of (CHI/PAA/PAM) A samples, which after seven days presented a viability lower than 80% respect to the control.展开更多
A coordination polymer [Ni（pbc）2（H2O）]n（Hpbc = 3-pyrid-4-ylbenzoic acid） has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR and elemental analysis.The crystal is...A coordination polymer [Ni（pbc）2（H2O）]n（Hpbc = 3-pyrid-4-ylbenzoic acid） has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR and elemental analysis.The crystal is of monoclinic,space group C2/c with a=19.624（5）,b=12.029（5）,c=19.452（5）A,β=104.45（5）°,C24H18NiN2O5,Mr=473.11,V=4447（2）A^3,Dc=1.413 g/cm^3,F（000）=1952,μ = 0.91 cm^-1,Z = 8,the final R=0.0424 and wR=0.0871 for 3757 reflections with I〉2σ（I）.X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the pbc-ligands act as diconnectors to link two Ni（Ⅱ） centers and adopt two coordination modes of μ2-N,O and μ2-N,O,O to form infinite wavy nickel-carboxylate chains along the bc plane.The topological analysis of compound [Ni（pbc）2（H2O）]n reveals that it is a typical CdS framework.展开更多
A new three-dimensional（3D） coordination polymer, [Cd（L）2H2O]n·5nH2O 1 with 4-[（3-pyridyl）methylamino]benzoate acid（HL）, has been synthesized by slow evaporation solvent at room temperature, and structura...A new three-dimensional（3D） coordination polymer, [Cd（L）2H2O]n·5nH2O 1 with 4-[（3-pyridyl）methylamino]benzoate acid（HL）, has been synthesized by slow evaporation solvent at room temperature, and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, thermal analysis, fluorescence spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the tetragonal system, space group I-4, with a = 20.7937（16）, c = 13.515（2）, V = 5843.5（11） 3, C26H34CdN4O10, Mr = 674.97, Dc = 1.534 g/cm3, μ（MoKα） = 0.808 mm-1, F（000） = 2768, Z = 8, the final R = 0.0276 and wR = 0.0691 for 5323 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. The result of thermal analysis shows that 1 is stable under 290 ℃. Moreover, it exhibits blue photoluminescence at room temperature.展开更多
A new Co（Ⅱ）-based coordination polymer, namely [Co（L）0.5（4,4?-bipy）0.5（H2 O）2]n（1,H4 L = 1,3-di（3?,5?-dicarboxylphenyl）benzene, 4,4?-bipy = 4,4?-bipyridine）, has been hydrothermally synthesized using the ...A new Co（Ⅱ）-based coordination polymer, namely [Co（L）0.5（4,4?-bipy）0.5（H2 O）2]n（1,H4 L = 1,3-di（3?,5?-dicarboxylphenyl）benzene, 4,4?-bipy = 4,4?-bipyridine）, has been hydrothermally synthesized using the mixed-ligands self-assembly strategy and further fully characterized. The crystal structure is of monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 18.9124（10）, b = 11.6150（5）, c =15.4380（6） ?, β = 110.989（5）°, V = 3166.2（2） ?3, C16 H13 CoNO6, Mr = 374.20, Z = 8, Dc = 1.570 g·cm–3, F（000） = 1496, μ = 1.116 mm–1, R = 0.0461 and wR = 0.1312 for 2328 observed reflections（I > 2s（I））. The crystal structure analysis revealed that 1 is a 4-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional（3D） framework with（3,4）-connected dmd-type topology. Moreover, the thermal stability and magnetic property of 1 were also investigated.展开更多
Two fascinating Zn（II）entangled coordination polymers,[Zn（eoba）(bbi)];·nH;O（1）and[Zn（boba）(bbi);];（2）,(bbi=1,1?-（1,4-butanediyl）-bis（imidazole）,H;eoba=4,4?-（ethane-1,2-diyldioxy）-dibenzoic acid,H;...Two fascinating Zn（II）entangled coordination polymers,[Zn（eoba）(bbi)];·nH;O（1）and[Zn（boba）(bbi);];（2）,(bbi=1,1?-（1,4-butanediyl）-bis（imidazole）,H;eoba=4,4?-（ethane-1,2-diyldioxy）-dibenzoic acid,H;boba=4,4?-（butane-1,4-diyldioxy）-dibenzoic acid),were obtained by hydrothermal technology and characterized by elemental analysis,infrared spectrum,thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.1 is a rare 2D→3D example with a 3-fold parallel interpenetration and polycatenaned architecture.2 features a scarce2D→2D example with a 3-fold parallel interpenetrating network which possesses polyrotaxane and polycatenane characters.Moreover,the luminescent properties of 1 and 2 have been discussed.展开更多
The reaction of Cd（NO_3）_2·4H_2O with 4,4？-dipyridylacetylene（4,4？-DPA） and 2-nitroterephthalic acid（2-NO_2-H_2BDC） in DMF/H_2O mixed solvent has afforded a compound {[Cd（2-NO_2-BDC）（4,4？-DPA）]·...The reaction of Cd（NO_3）_2·4H_2O with 4,4？-dipyridylacetylene（4,4？-DPA） and 2-nitroterephthalic acid（2-NO_2-H_2BDC） in DMF/H_2O mixed solvent has afforded a compound {[Cd（2-NO_2-BDC）（4,4？-DPA）]·（DMF）}_n（1）. Compound 1 has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis, and IR spectrum. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n, with a = 12.1488（3）, b = 14.6689（3）, c = 13.1615（3） ？, β = 111.809（3）o, V = 2177.63（9） ？~3, Z = 4, C_（23）H_（18）N_4O_7 Cd, M_r = 574.81, D_c = 1.753 g/cm^3, μ = 8.523 mm^（-1）, F（000） = 1152, the final R = 0.0411 and wR = 0.1064 for 3589 observed reflections with I 〉 2s（I）. In compound 1, the Cd（Ⅱ） ions are linked by the carboxylate groups of 2-NO_2-BDC ligands to give a two-dimensional layered structure based on the centrosymmetric dinuclear Cd_2（COO）_2 units, which are further connected by the 4,4？-DPA ligands to produce a three-dimensional framework with pcu topology. Careful examination revealed that compound 1 is a 2-fold interpenetrating framework. Furthermore, the gas adsorption properties of 1 for N_2 and CO_2 have also been investigated.展开更多
A novel cadmium（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Cd2（3-pa）4（4,4＇-bpy）（H2O）].3.08H2O 1 has been synthesized by pyridine-3-carboxylate （3-pall） and CdO with exo-bidentate rigid dipyridyl ligand 4,4＇-bipyridine （4,...A novel cadmium（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Cd2（3-pa）4（4,4＇-bpy）（H2O）].3.08H2O 1 has been synthesized by pyridine-3-carboxylate （3-pall） and CdO with exo-bidentate rigid dipyridyl ligand 4,4＇-bipyridine （4,4＇-bpy） by using a hydrothermal method, its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and its luminescent property was also documented. Complex 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pbcn with a = 21.4074（14）, b = 27.1119（18）, c = 12.3879（8） A, V = 7189.9（8） A3, Z = 8, C34H32.16Cd2N6O12.08, Mr= 942.85, Dc = 1.742 g/cms, p = 1.255 mm-1 and F（000） = 3766. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0353 and wR = 0.0891 for 6278 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. The most prominent structural feature is the mutual interpenetration of two identical 3-D open frameworks via filling the large void space, which gives a 2-fold interpenetrating architecture during the self-assembly process.展开更多
Two 3D 4-fold interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks, [Mn（L）（bpy）]n （1） and [Cu（HL）（bpy）]n （2）（H3L = 4,4＇,4＇＇-（benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tri（methyleneoxy）） tribenzoic acid, bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine）, we...Two 3D 4-fold interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks, [Mn（L）（bpy）]n （1） and [Cu（HL）（bpy）]n （2）（H3L = 4,4＇,4＇＇-（benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tri（methyleneoxy）） tribenzoic acid, bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine）, were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by element analyses, IR spectra, thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray powder diffraction and magnetic property studies. The single-crystal X-ray analyses revealed that 1 and 2 are homogeneous. 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group Cc with a = 26.794（2）, b = 11.6346（10）, c = 21.4614（18） ？, β = 91.570（2）°, V = 6687.9（10） A^3, Z = 8, Mr = 736.59, D = 1.463 g·cm^（-3）, μ = 0.458 mm^-1c, R（int） = 0.0524, F（000） = 3040, the final R = 0.0844 and wR = 0.2266 for 8092 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. 2 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group Cc with a = 27.609（12）, b = 11.126（10）, c = 21.490（9） ？, β = 92.131（2）°, V = 6597（5） A^3, Z = 8, Mr = 746.21, Dc = 1503 g·cm^（-3）, μ = 0.726 mm^-1, R（int） = 0.0542, F（000） = 3080, the final R =0.0681 and wR = 0.1831 for 6777 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. Two compounds are 3D [2＋2]-type 4-fold interpenetrated frameworks with（6^3）（6^9.8） hms topology. The magnetic study of compound 2 shows the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the Cu^Ⅱ ions in 2.展开更多
The title compound 1,4,7,10-tetrakis（2-（4-methoxyphenoxy）ethyl）-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane hydrobromide derivated from cyclen has been synthesized by 4-methoxyphenol via two steps and characterized by ^1H NMR ...The title compound 1,4,7,10-tetrakis（2-（4-methoxyphenoxy）ethyl）-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane hydrobromide derivated from cyclen has been synthesized by 4-methoxyphenol via two steps and characterized by ^1H NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group Pbcn with a = 17.3174（15）, b = 12.9891（11）, c = 19.3379（17） A, V = 4349.8（7） ？3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.304 g/cm3, Mr = 853.87, F（000） = 1808, μ = 1.001 mm^-1, Mo Ka radiation（λ = 0.71073 A）, R = 0.0467 and w R = 0.1045 for 2774 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray structural analysis reveals that the molecular structure of the title compound is stabilized by intramolecular C–H···O and C–H···Br hydrogen-bonding interactions, and a 3D 2-fold interpenetrated supramolecular framework is constructed by intermolecular C–H···O and C–H···Br hydrogen-bonding interactions.展开更多
The architectural design of electrodes offers new opportunities for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices(EESDs)by increasing surface area,thickness,and active materials mass loading while maintaining...The architectural design of electrodes offers new opportunities for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices(EESDs)by increasing surface area,thickness,and active materials mass loading while maintaining good ion diffusion through optimized electrode tortuosity.However,conventional thick electrodes increase ion diffusion length and cause larger ion concentration gradients,limiting reaction kinetics.We demonstrate a strategy for building interpenetrated structures that shortens ion diffusion length and reduces ion concentration inhomogeneity.This free-standing device structure also avoids short-circuiting without needing a separator.The feature size and number of interpenetrated units can be adjusted during printing to balance surface area and ion diffusion.Starting with a 3D-printed interpenetrated polymer substrate,we metallize it to make it conductive.This substrate has two individually addressable electrodes,allowing selective electrodeposition of energy storage materials.Using a Zn//MnO_(2)battery as a model system,the interpenetrated device outperforms conventional separate electrode configurations,improving volumetric energy density by 221%and exhibiting a higher capacity retention rate of 49%compared to 35%at temperatures from 20 to 0℃.Our study introduces a new EESD architecture applicable to Li-ion,Na-ion batteries,supercapacitors,etc.展开更多
Nickel foam(NF)-polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)interpenetrating phase composites(IPCs)were prepared via vacuum-assisted emulsion impregnation and free sintering.The effects of the pores per inch(PPI)of the NFs on the mi...Nickel foam(NF)-polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)interpenetrating phase composites(IPCs)were prepared via vacuum-assisted emulsion impregnation and free sintering.The effects of the pores per inch(PPI)of the NFs on the microstructure,mechanical properties,thermal conductivity,and tribological properties were investigated.The results indicated that the incorporation of a three-dimensional Ni skeleton inhibited heat accumulation at the friction interface,and the thermal conductivity and wear resistance of the composite significantly improved with increasing PPI.Compared with those of the PTFE matrix,the thermal conductivity of the 80 PPI NF-PTFE IPCs improved by~394%and the wear rate decreased by up to~66%.展开更多
A new coordination polymer,[Co_(2)(L)_(2)(4,4'-bipy)]_(n)·3nH_(2)O(1)based on 5-(3-methyl-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-tri-azol-4-yl)isophthalic acid(H_(2)L)and 4,4'-bipyridine(4,4'-bipy)has been hydrothermally ...A new coordination polymer,[Co_(2)(L)_(2)(4,4'-bipy)]_(n)·3nH_(2)O(1)based on 5-(3-methyl-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-tri-azol-4-yl)isophthalic acid(H_(2)L)and 4,4'-bipyridine(4,4'-bipy)has been hydrothermally synthesized and character-ized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,XRPD,IR,and elemental analysis.Temperature-dependent magnetic sus-ceptibility and thermal degradation for 1 were also studied.The asymmetric unit of compound 1 consists of two crystallographically independent Co(II)ion,two L^(2−)ligand,one 4,4'-bipy ligand,and three lattice water molecules.The 2D triangle networks were linked by the bridging 4,4'-bipy ligand to give rise to a 2-fold interpenetrated 3D architecture.The simplest cyclic motif of the 2D networks is a triangle ring consisting of three Co(II)cations and three L^(2−)ligands.So we can define Co(II)ions as 4-connected nodes and the L^(2−)ligands as 3-connected nodes.Thus,the 3D structure can be described as a 2-fold parallel interpenetrated ins InS 3,4-conn topology.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks are a sort of rapid development crystal solids,which have greatly attracted a large amount of attention in recent decades.The construction of 3D[Ni(bcp)(bpp)]n(namely complex 1)displays a rare...Metal-organic frameworks are a sort of rapid development crystal solids,which have greatly attracted a large amount of attention in recent decades.The construction of 3D[Ni(bcp)(bpp)]n(namely complex 1)displays a rare[3+3+3]nine-fold interpenetrated diamond topology,which can be successfully synthesized by a mixed strategy of 1,3-bis(4-carboxyphenoxy)propane(H2bcp)and 1,4-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine(bpp).The interpenetrated network may be ascribed to these flexible bridging linkers to facilitate the penetration degree.In addition,the resultant sample was adequately characterized by elemental analysis,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,and thermal gravimetric analysis.Furthermore,the as-synthesized sample can be used as catalysis for chemical fixation of CO2 and epoxide to carbonate.展开更多
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)reinforced copper(CNTs/Cu)is one of the most promising and extensively researched materials for replacing traditional Cu-based materials in high-load and high-current applications,particularly wi...Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)reinforced copper(CNTs/Cu)is one of the most promising and extensively researched materials for replacing traditional Cu-based materials in high-load and high-current applications,particularly within the aerospace industry.Amorphous carbon nanotubes(aCNTs)are a type of carbon nanotubes characterized by the presence of mesopores distributed across their amorphous sidewalls,facilitating connectivity between the hollow core and the external environment.Therefore,we propose utilizing aCNTs as a reinforcing agent for Cu.The mesoporous structure of aCNTs facilitates the interpenetration of Cu into the aCNTs,thereby maintaining the continuity of the matrix properties.Experimental results demonstrate that Cu effectively penetrates the mesoporous sidewalls of aCNTs.Both pure Cu and aCNTs-reinforced Cu exhibit comparable electrical conductivity,while the hardness of the aCNTs/Cu composite is significantly enhanced.Additionally,both the density and porosity of aCNTs/Cu are lower than those of pure Cu,and the introduction of aCNTs helps to reduce the sintering temperature.展开更多
Matter conductivities are crucial physical properties that directly determine the engineering application value of materials.In reality,the majority of materials are multiphase composites.However,there is currently a ...Matter conductivities are crucial physical properties that directly determine the engineering application value of materials.In reality,the majority of materials are multiphase composites.However,there is currently a lack of theoretical models to accurately predict the conductivities of composite materials.In this study,we develop a unified mixed conductivity(UMC)model,achieving unity in three aspects:(1)a unified description and prediction for different conductivities,including elastic modulus,thermal conductivity,electrical conductivity,magnetic permeability,liquid permeability coefficient,and gas diffusion coefficient;(2)a unified-form governing equation for mixed conductivities of various composite structures,conforming to the Riccati equation;(3)a unified-form composite structure,i.e.,a three-dimensional multiphase interpenetrating cuboid structure,encompassing over a dozen of typical composite structures as its specific cases.The UMC model is applicable for predicting the conductivity across six different types of physical fields and over a dozen different composite structures,providing a broad range of applications.Therefore,the current study deepens our understanding of the conduction phenomena and offers a powerful theoretical tool for predicting the conductivities of composite materials and optimizing their structures,which holds significant scientific and engineering implications.展开更多
Weibel instability is a promising candidate mechanism for collisionless shock formation in astrophysical systems.Capturing the underlying physics of Weibel instability will help us to understand the astrophysical shoc...Weibel instability is a promising candidate mechanism for collisionless shock formation in astrophysical systems.Capturing the underlying physics of Weibel instability will help us to understand the astrophysical shock formation,magnetic field generation and amplification,particle acceleration,and so on.Laboratory astrophysics,provides a new way to study these microphysics in controlled conditions.At Shenguang-Ⅱlaser facility,the interpenetrating plasma flows are generated by eight laser beams irradiating a pair of opposing foils to mimic the supernova explosion and the ejecta sweeping up the surrounding medium.Evolution of collisionless interpenetrating plasma flows is observed using optical diagnostics.Filamentary structures appear in the interaction region and the associated magnetic strength is measured about 40 T.Theoretical analysis and simulations indicate that these characteristics are induced by nonlinear Weibel instability.展开更多
Customized design of well-defined cathode structures with abundant adsorption sites and rapid diffusion dynamics,holds great promise in filling capacity gap of carbonaceous cathodes towards high-performance Zn-ion hyb...Customized design of well-defined cathode structures with abundant adsorption sites and rapid diffusion dynamics,holds great promise in filling capacity gap of carbonaceous cathodes towards high-performance Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHC).Herein,we fabricate a series of dynamics-oriented hierarchical porous carbons derived from the unique organic-inorganic interpenetrating polymer networks.The interpenetrating polymer networks are obtained through physically knitting polyferric chloride(PFC)network into the highly crosslinked resorcinol-formaldehyde(RF)network.Instead of covalent bonding,physical interpenetrating force in such RF-PFC networks efficiently relieves the RF skeleton shrinkage upon pyrolysis.Meanwhile,the in-situ PFC network sacrifices as a structure-directing agent to suppress the macrophase separation,and correspondingly 3D hierarchical porous structure with plentiful ion-diffusion channels(pore volume of 1.35 cm^(3)/g)is generated in the representative HPC_(4) via nanospace occupation and swelling effect.Further removal of Fe fillers leaves behind a large accessible specific surface area of 1550 m^(2)/g for enhanced Zn-ion adsorption.When used as the cathode for ZHC,HPC_(4) demonstrates a remarkable electrochemical performance with a specific capacity of 215.1 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g and a high Zn^(2+)ion diffusion coefficient of 11.1×10^(-18)cm^(2)/s.The ZHC device yields 117.0 Wh/kg energy output at a power density of 272.1 W/kg,coupled with good cycle lifespan(100,000 cycles@10 A/g).This work inspires innovative insights to accelerate Zn diffusion dynamics by structure elaboration towards high-capacity cathode materials.展开更多
Mg alloys have the defects of low stiffness,low strength,and high coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE).The composites strategy and its architecture design are effective approaches to improve the comprehensive perform...Mg alloys have the defects of low stiffness,low strength,and high coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE).The composites strategy and its architecture design are effective approaches to improve the comprehensive performance of materials,but the processing difficulty,especially in ceramics forming,limits the control and innovation of material architecture.Here,combined with 3D printing and squeeze infiltration technology,two precisely controllable architectures of AZ91/Al_(2)O_(3)interpenetrating phase composites(IPC)with ceramic scaffold were prepared.The interface,properties and impact of different architecture on IPC performance were studied by experiments and finite element simulation.The metallurgical bonding of the interface was realized with the formation of MgAl_(2)O_(4)reaction layer.The IPC with 1 mm circular hole scaffold(1C-IPC)exhibited significantly improved elastic modulus of 164 GPa,high compressive strength of 680 MPa,and good CTE of 12.91×10^(-6)K^(−1),which were 3.64 times,1.98 times and 55%of the Mg matrix,respectively.Their elastic modulus,compressive strength,and CTE were superior to the vast majority of Mg alloys and Mg based composites.The reinforcement and matrix were bicontinuous and interpenetrating each other,which played a critical role in ensuring the potent strengthening effect of the Al_(2)O_(3)reinforcement by efficient load transfer.Under the same volume fraction of reinforcements,compared to IPC with 1 mm hexagonal hole scaffold(1H-IPC),the elastic modulus and compressive strength of 1C-IPC increased by 15%and 28%,respectively,which was due to the reduced stress concentration and more uniform stress distribution of 1C-IPC.It shows great potential of architecture design in improving the performance of composites.This study provides architectural design strategy and feasible preparation method for the development of high performance materials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20873150)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2010BQ023)
文摘One novel cobalt coordination polymer, {[Co（HTCB）（4,4＇btb）]＇HzO}n （1, H3TCB = 1,3,5-tris（4-carboxyphenyl）benzene, 4,4＇-btb = 4,4＇-bis（1,2,4-triazol-3-yl）biphenyl）, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, powder X-ray diffraction （PXRD）, and thermogravimetric （TG） analyses. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 is a 2D 2-fold interpenetrated {44,62}-sql [Co（HTCB）（4,4＇-btb）] sheet based on the 1D [Co（HTCB）]n chains and 1D [Co（4,4＇-btb）]n chains. The crystal of 1 crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 9.529（12）, b = 13.914（16）, c = 14.906（17） A, V= 1903（4） A3, Z = 2, C45H34N6CoO71 Mr= 829.71, Dc = 1.448 g/cm3, F（000） = 858 andμ（MoKa） = 0.514 mm-1. The final R = 0.0655 and wR = 0.1136 for 6603 observed reflections with 1 〉 2a（/） and R = 0.1136 and wR = 0.1747 for all data.
基金Financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21273033,21673039 and 21573042)
文摘A novel,porous and doubly interpenetrated MOF（FJU-29） was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR,TGA and X-ray single-crystal/powder diffraction.FJU-29 crystallizes in monoclinic,space group C2/c with a = 22.2890（7）,b = 10.9175（2）,c = 21.5601（7） ？,β = 112.908（4）o,V = 4832.7（3） ？~3,Z = 8,Mr = 450.26,D_c = 1.238 g/cm^3,F（000） = 1832,μ（CuKα） = 5.885 mm^（-1）,R = 0.0585 and wR = 0.1544 for 4789 observed reflections（I 〉 2s（I））,and R = 0.0726 and wR = 0.1627 for all data.FJU-29 possesses paddle-wheel {Co_2（COO）_4} clusters bridged by bi-pyrazolate naphthalene diimide ligands（H_2NDI） and H_2BDC to from a 3D framework with a pcu-topology.The desolvated FJU-29a shows the BET surface area of 560.44 m^2·g^（-1） accompanies with discriminating uptakes in CO_2 and N_2.The adsorption selectivity determined by ideal adsorbed solution theory（IAST） indicated that FJU-29 a has high CO_2/N_2（18/85） selectivity（75.5） at 296 K and 100 kPa.The relatively high selectivity further implies that FJU-29 a is a potential material for practical flue gas purification.
文摘Interpenetrated polymer networks of chitosan (CHI), polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) were prepared by free radical polymerization. These hydrogels were either washed with double distilled water (CHI/PAA/PAM) A or hydrolyzed with 1M sodium hydroxide (NaOH), (CHI/PAA/PAM) S. Both types of hydrogels were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, microstructural techniques and compressive mechanical testing. Finally, hydrogels were loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and release followed at different pHs. Infrared spectra analysis showed correspondence between hydrogels and monomer feed compositions. Hydrolyzed hydrogels, had increased water content and pH swelling dependence. Compression modulus of swelled hydrolyzed hydrogels decreased with increasing equilibrium water content. Higher BSA loadings were achieved on hydrolyzed hydrogels due to their high water content and porosity. Protein release from hydrogels was low (≤ 20% after 10 hours) at pH 1.2, but sustained release was observed at pH 6.8 and 7.4. The integrity of the protein released at 6.8 and 7.4 by hydrolyzed hydrogels was unaffected. The hydrogles showed no cytotoxic effects on human skin dermal fibroblasts as determined by MTT assay except for two compositions of (CHI/PAA/PAM) A samples, which after seven days presented a viability lower than 80% respect to the control.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No Y2007F68)
文摘A coordination polymer [Ni（pbc）2（H2O）]n（Hpbc = 3-pyrid-4-ylbenzoic acid） has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR and elemental analysis.The crystal is of monoclinic,space group C2/c with a=19.624（5）,b=12.029（5）,c=19.452（5）A,β=104.45（5）°,C24H18NiN2O5,Mr=473.11,V=4447（2）A^3,Dc=1.413 g/cm^3,F（000）=1952,μ = 0.91 cm^-1,Z = 8,the final R=0.0424 and wR=0.0871 for 3757 reflections with I〉2σ（I）.X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the pbc-ligands act as diconnectors to link two Ni（Ⅱ） centers and adopt two coordination modes of μ2-N,O and μ2-N,O,O to form infinite wavy nickel-carboxylate chains along the bc plane.The topological analysis of compound [Ni（pbc）2（H2O）]n reveals that it is a typical CdS framework.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Provincial Science & Technology Department(201205080)the Science and Technology Research Projects of the Education Office of Jilin Province(No.2013.384)
文摘A new three-dimensional（3D） coordination polymer, [Cd（L）2H2O]n·5nH2O 1 with 4-[（3-pyridyl）methylamino]benzoate acid（HL）, has been synthesized by slow evaporation solvent at room temperature, and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, thermal analysis, fluorescence spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the tetragonal system, space group I-4, with a = 20.7937（16）, c = 13.515（2）, V = 5843.5（11） 3, C26H34CdN4O10, Mr = 674.97, Dc = 1.534 g/cm3, μ（MoKα） = 0.808 mm-1, F（000） = 2768, Z = 8, the final R = 0.0276 and wR = 0.0691 for 5323 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. The result of thermal analysis shows that 1 is stable under 290 ℃. Moreover, it exhibits blue photoluminescence at room temperature.
基金supported by the grants from Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
文摘A new Co（Ⅱ）-based coordination polymer, namely [Co（L）0.5（4,4?-bipy）0.5（H2 O）2]n（1,H4 L = 1,3-di（3?,5?-dicarboxylphenyl）benzene, 4,4?-bipy = 4,4?-bipyridine）, has been hydrothermally synthesized using the mixed-ligands self-assembly strategy and further fully characterized. The crystal structure is of monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 18.9124（10）, b = 11.6150（5）, c =15.4380（6） ?, β = 110.989（5）°, V = 3166.2（2） ?3, C16 H13 CoNO6, Mr = 374.20, Z = 8, Dc = 1.570 g·cm–3, F（000） = 1496, μ = 1.116 mm–1, R = 0.0461 and wR = 0.1312 for 2328 observed reflections（I > 2s（I））. The crystal structure analysis revealed that 1 is a 4-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional（3D） framework with（3,4）-connected dmd-type topology. Moreover, the thermal stability and magnetic property of 1 were also investigated.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Development plan of Jilin Province(20150520006JH)Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jilin province(2016219,JJKH20180776KJ)Science and Technology Development plan of Siping City(2013055)
文摘Two fascinating Zn（II）entangled coordination polymers,[Zn（eoba）(bbi)];·nH;O（1）and[Zn（boba）(bbi);];（2）,(bbi=1,1?-（1,4-butanediyl）-bis（imidazole）,H;eoba=4,4?-（ethane-1,2-diyldioxy）-dibenzoic acid,H;boba=4,4?-（butane-1,4-diyldioxy）-dibenzoic acid),were obtained by hydrothermal technology and characterized by elemental analysis,infrared spectrum,thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.1 is a rare 2D→3D example with a 3-fold parallel interpenetration and polycatenaned architecture.2 features a scarce2D→2D example with a 3-fold parallel interpenetrating network which possesses polyrotaxane and polycatenane characters.Moreover,the luminescent properties of 1 and 2 have been discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21361011 and 21101081)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20151BAB203002)
文摘The reaction of Cd（NO_3）_2·4H_2O with 4,4？-dipyridylacetylene（4,4？-DPA） and 2-nitroterephthalic acid（2-NO_2-H_2BDC） in DMF/H_2O mixed solvent has afforded a compound {[Cd（2-NO_2-BDC）（4,4？-DPA）]·（DMF）}_n（1）. Compound 1 has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis, and IR spectrum. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n, with a = 12.1488（3）, b = 14.6689（3）, c = 13.1615（3） ？, β = 111.809（3）o, V = 2177.63（9） ？~3, Z = 4, C_（23）H_（18）N_4O_7 Cd, M_r = 574.81, D_c = 1.753 g/cm^3, μ = 8.523 mm^（-1）, F（000） = 1152, the final R = 0.0411 and wR = 0.1064 for 3589 observed reflections with I 〉 2s（I）. In compound 1, the Cd（Ⅱ） ions are linked by the carboxylate groups of 2-NO_2-BDC ligands to give a two-dimensional layered structure based on the centrosymmetric dinuclear Cd_2（COO）_2 units, which are further connected by the 4,4？-DPA ligands to produce a three-dimensional framework with pcu topology. Careful examination revealed that compound 1 is a 2-fold interpenetrating framework. Furthermore, the gas adsorption properties of 1 for N_2 and CO_2 have also been investigated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20771006)Education Committee of Anhui Province (KJ2008B005)
文摘A novel cadmium（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Cd2（3-pa）4（4,4＇-bpy）（H2O）].3.08H2O 1 has been synthesized by pyridine-3-carboxylate （3-pall） and CdO with exo-bidentate rigid dipyridyl ligand 4,4＇-bipyridine （4,4＇-bpy） by using a hydrothermal method, its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and its luminescent property was also documented. Complex 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pbcn with a = 21.4074（14）, b = 27.1119（18）, c = 12.3879（8） A, V = 7189.9（8） A3, Z = 8, C34H32.16Cd2N6O12.08, Mr= 942.85, Dc = 1.742 g/cms, p = 1.255 mm-1 and F（000） = 3766. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0353 and wR = 0.0891 for 6278 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. The most prominent structural feature is the mutual interpenetration of two identical 3-D open frameworks via filling the large void space, which gives a 2-fold interpenetrating architecture during the self-assembly process.
基金Supported by the Education Committee of Sichuan Province(12ZA090,13CZ0019 and 14ZB0220)Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institutes of High Education(LZJ14201)Sichuan University of Science and Engineering(Y2014018)
文摘Two 3D 4-fold interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks, [Mn（L）（bpy）]n （1） and [Cu（HL）（bpy）]n （2）（H3L = 4,4＇,4＇＇-（benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tri（methyleneoxy）） tribenzoic acid, bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine）, were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by element analyses, IR spectra, thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray powder diffraction and magnetic property studies. The single-crystal X-ray analyses revealed that 1 and 2 are homogeneous. 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group Cc with a = 26.794（2）, b = 11.6346（10）, c = 21.4614（18） ？, β = 91.570（2）°, V = 6687.9（10） A^3, Z = 8, Mr = 736.59, D = 1.463 g·cm^（-3）, μ = 0.458 mm^-1c, R（int） = 0.0524, F（000） = 3040, the final R = 0.0844 and wR = 0.2266 for 8092 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. 2 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group Cc with a = 27.609（12）, b = 11.126（10）, c = 21.490（9） ？, β = 92.131（2）°, V = 6597（5） A^3, Z = 8, Mr = 746.21, Dc = 1503 g·cm^（-3）, μ = 0.726 mm^-1, R（int） = 0.0542, F（000） = 3080, the final R =0.0681 and wR = 0.1831 for 6777 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. Two compounds are 3D [2＋2]-type 4-fold interpenetrated frameworks with（6^3）（6^9.8） hms topology. The magnetic study of compound 2 shows the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the Cu^Ⅱ ions in 2.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21572026 and 21002009)the Scientific and Technological Project of Changzhou(CE20135009)Changzhou University,Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center
文摘The title compound 1,4,7,10-tetrakis（2-（4-methoxyphenoxy）ethyl）-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane hydrobromide derivated from cyclen has been synthesized by 4-methoxyphenol via two steps and characterized by ^1H NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group Pbcn with a = 17.3174（15）, b = 12.9891（11）, c = 19.3379（17） A, V = 4349.8（7） ？3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.304 g/cm3, Mr = 853.87, F（000） = 1808, μ = 1.001 mm^-1, Mo Ka radiation（λ = 0.71073 A）, R = 0.0467 and w R = 0.1045 for 2774 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray structural analysis reveals that the molecular structure of the title compound is stabilized by intramolecular C–H···O and C–H···Br hydrogen-bonding interactions, and a 3D 2-fold interpenetrated supramolecular framework is constructed by intermolecular C–H···O and C–H···Br hydrogen-bonding interactions.
基金financial support from the Center for Coastal Climate Resilience of the University of California,Santa Cruz(UCSC)This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No.DE-AC52-07NA27344 and supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development award 23-SI-002.IM release number:LLNL-JRNL-862347。
文摘The architectural design of electrodes offers new opportunities for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices(EESDs)by increasing surface area,thickness,and active materials mass loading while maintaining good ion diffusion through optimized electrode tortuosity.However,conventional thick electrodes increase ion diffusion length and cause larger ion concentration gradients,limiting reaction kinetics.We demonstrate a strategy for building interpenetrated structures that shortens ion diffusion length and reduces ion concentration inhomogeneity.This free-standing device structure also avoids short-circuiting without needing a separator.The feature size and number of interpenetrated units can be adjusted during printing to balance surface area and ion diffusion.Starting with a 3D-printed interpenetrated polymer substrate,we metallize it to make it conductive.This substrate has two individually addressable electrodes,allowing selective electrodeposition of energy storage materials.Using a Zn//MnO_(2)battery as a model system,the interpenetrated device outperforms conventional separate electrode configurations,improving volumetric energy density by 221%and exhibiting a higher capacity retention rate of 49%compared to 35%at temperatures from 20 to 0℃.Our study introduces a new EESD architecture applicable to Li-ion,Na-ion batteries,supercapacitors,etc.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3708000).
文摘Nickel foam(NF)-polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)interpenetrating phase composites(IPCs)were prepared via vacuum-assisted emulsion impregnation and free sintering.The effects of the pores per inch(PPI)of the NFs on the microstructure,mechanical properties,thermal conductivity,and tribological properties were investigated.The results indicated that the incorporation of a three-dimensional Ni skeleton inhibited heat accumulation at the friction interface,and the thermal conductivity and wear resistance of the composite significantly improved with increasing PPI.Compared with those of the PTFE matrix,the thermal conductivity of the 80 PPI NF-PTFE IPCs improved by~394%and the wear rate decreased by up to~66%.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21071083 and 20771062).
文摘A new coordination polymer,[Co_(2)(L)_(2)(4,4'-bipy)]_(n)·3nH_(2)O(1)based on 5-(3-methyl-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-tri-azol-4-yl)isophthalic acid(H_(2)L)and 4,4'-bipyridine(4,4'-bipy)has been hydrothermally synthesized and character-ized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,XRPD,IR,and elemental analysis.Temperature-dependent magnetic sus-ceptibility and thermal degradation for 1 were also studied.The asymmetric unit of compound 1 consists of two crystallographically independent Co(II)ion,two L^(2−)ligand,one 4,4'-bipy ligand,and three lattice water molecules.The 2D triangle networks were linked by the bridging 4,4'-bipy ligand to give rise to a 2-fold interpenetrated 3D architecture.The simplest cyclic motif of the 2D networks is a triangle ring consisting of three Co(II)cations and three L^(2−)ligands.So we can define Co(II)ions as 4-connected nodes and the L^(2−)ligands as 3-connected nodes.Thus,the 3D structure can be described as a 2-fold parallel interpenetrated ins InS 3,4-conn topology.
文摘Metal-organic frameworks are a sort of rapid development crystal solids,which have greatly attracted a large amount of attention in recent decades.The construction of 3D[Ni(bcp)(bpp)]n(namely complex 1)displays a rare[3+3+3]nine-fold interpenetrated diamond topology,which can be successfully synthesized by a mixed strategy of 1,3-bis(4-carboxyphenoxy)propane(H2bcp)and 1,4-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine(bpp).The interpenetrated network may be ascribed to these flexible bridging linkers to facilitate the penetration degree.In addition,the resultant sample was adequately characterized by elemental analysis,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,and thermal gravimetric analysis.Furthermore,the as-synthesized sample can be used as catalysis for chemical fixation of CO2 and epoxide to carbonate.
文摘Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)reinforced copper(CNTs/Cu)is one of the most promising and extensively researched materials for replacing traditional Cu-based materials in high-load and high-current applications,particularly within the aerospace industry.Amorphous carbon nanotubes(aCNTs)are a type of carbon nanotubes characterized by the presence of mesopores distributed across their amorphous sidewalls,facilitating connectivity between the hollow core and the external environment.Therefore,we propose utilizing aCNTs as a reinforcing agent for Cu.The mesoporous structure of aCNTs facilitates the interpenetration of Cu into the aCNTs,thereby maintaining the continuity of the matrix properties.Experimental results demonstrate that Cu effectively penetrates the mesoporous sidewalls of aCNTs.Both pure Cu and aCNTs-reinforced Cu exhibit comparable electrical conductivity,while the hardness of the aCNTs/Cu composite is significantly enhanced.Additionally,both the density and porosity of aCNTs/Cu are lower than those of pure Cu,and the introduction of aCNTs helps to reduce the sintering temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.52322105,52321001,52130002,U22A20114,and 52371084)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2021192)+1 种基金the IMR Innovation Fund(No.2023-ZD01)the IMR Outstanding Scholar Position(No.E451A804).
文摘Matter conductivities are crucial physical properties that directly determine the engineering application value of materials.In reality,the majority of materials are multiphase composites.However,there is currently a lack of theoretical models to accurately predict the conductivities of composite materials.In this study,we develop a unified mixed conductivity(UMC)model,achieving unity in three aspects:(1)a unified description and prediction for different conductivities,including elastic modulus,thermal conductivity,electrical conductivity,magnetic permeability,liquid permeability coefficient,and gas diffusion coefficient;(2)a unified-form governing equation for mixed conductivities of various composite structures,conforming to the Riccati equation;(3)a unified-form composite structure,i.e.,a three-dimensional multiphase interpenetrating cuboid structure,encompassing over a dozen of typical composite structures as its specific cases.The UMC model is applicable for predicting the conductivity across six different types of physical fields and over a dozen different composite structures,providing a broad range of applications.Therefore,the current study deepens our understanding of the conduction phenomena and offers a powerful theoretical tool for predicting the conductivities of composite materials and optimizing their structures,which holds significant scientific and engineering implications.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1603200 and 2022YFA1603204)the Fund from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Interdisciplinary Team(Grant No.JCTD2022-05)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11873061 and 12473099)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDA25030500,XDA25010100,and XDA25030200)。
文摘Weibel instability is a promising candidate mechanism for collisionless shock formation in astrophysical systems.Capturing the underlying physics of Weibel instability will help us to understand the astrophysical shock formation,magnetic field generation and amplification,particle acceleration,and so on.Laboratory astrophysics,provides a new way to study these microphysics in controlled conditions.At Shenguang-Ⅱlaser facility,the interpenetrating plasma flows are generated by eight laser beams irradiating a pair of opposing foils to mimic the supernova explosion and the ejecta sweeping up the surrounding medium.Evolution of collisionless interpenetrating plasma flows is observed using optical diagnostics.Filamentary structures appear in the interaction region and the associated magnetic strength is measured about 40 T.Theoretical analysis and simulations indicate that these characteristics are induced by nonlinear Weibel instability.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22272118,22172111,21905207,and 22309134)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.22ZR1464100,20ZR1460300,and 19DZ2271500)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712402)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.23YF1449200)Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Project(No.2022C01182)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.22120210529 and 2023-3-YB-07)。
文摘Customized design of well-defined cathode structures with abundant adsorption sites and rapid diffusion dynamics,holds great promise in filling capacity gap of carbonaceous cathodes towards high-performance Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHC).Herein,we fabricate a series of dynamics-oriented hierarchical porous carbons derived from the unique organic-inorganic interpenetrating polymer networks.The interpenetrating polymer networks are obtained through physically knitting polyferric chloride(PFC)network into the highly crosslinked resorcinol-formaldehyde(RF)network.Instead of covalent bonding,physical interpenetrating force in such RF-PFC networks efficiently relieves the RF skeleton shrinkage upon pyrolysis.Meanwhile,the in-situ PFC network sacrifices as a structure-directing agent to suppress the macrophase separation,and correspondingly 3D hierarchical porous structure with plentiful ion-diffusion channels(pore volume of 1.35 cm^(3)/g)is generated in the representative HPC_(4) via nanospace occupation and swelling effect.Further removal of Fe fillers leaves behind a large accessible specific surface area of 1550 m^(2)/g for enhanced Zn-ion adsorption.When used as the cathode for ZHC,HPC_(4) demonstrates a remarkable electrochemical performance with a specific capacity of 215.1 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g and a high Zn^(2+)ion diffusion coefficient of 11.1×10^(-18)cm^(2)/s.The ZHC device yields 117.0 Wh/kg energy output at a power density of 272.1 W/kg,coupled with good cycle lifespan(100,000 cycles@10 A/g).This work inspires innovative insights to accelerate Zn diffusion dynamics by structure elaboration towards high-capacity cathode materials.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3708400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52305158)+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2022QNRC001)the Science Innovation Foundation of Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology(No.USCAST2021-18).
文摘Mg alloys have the defects of low stiffness,low strength,and high coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE).The composites strategy and its architecture design are effective approaches to improve the comprehensive performance of materials,but the processing difficulty,especially in ceramics forming,limits the control and innovation of material architecture.Here,combined with 3D printing and squeeze infiltration technology,two precisely controllable architectures of AZ91/Al_(2)O_(3)interpenetrating phase composites(IPC)with ceramic scaffold were prepared.The interface,properties and impact of different architecture on IPC performance were studied by experiments and finite element simulation.The metallurgical bonding of the interface was realized with the formation of MgAl_(2)O_(4)reaction layer.The IPC with 1 mm circular hole scaffold(1C-IPC)exhibited significantly improved elastic modulus of 164 GPa,high compressive strength of 680 MPa,and good CTE of 12.91×10^(-6)K^(−1),which were 3.64 times,1.98 times and 55%of the Mg matrix,respectively.Their elastic modulus,compressive strength,and CTE were superior to the vast majority of Mg alloys and Mg based composites.The reinforcement and matrix were bicontinuous and interpenetrating each other,which played a critical role in ensuring the potent strengthening effect of the Al_(2)O_(3)reinforcement by efficient load transfer.Under the same volume fraction of reinforcements,compared to IPC with 1 mm hexagonal hole scaffold(1H-IPC),the elastic modulus and compressive strength of 1C-IPC increased by 15%and 28%,respectively,which was due to the reduced stress concentration and more uniform stress distribution of 1C-IPC.It shows great potential of architecture design in improving the performance of composites.This study provides architectural design strategy and feasible preparation method for the development of high performance materials.
