Background:Continuous care for children with enterostomy and their families has been gaining popularity in China.Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of continuous care for children with enterostomy and their familie...Background:Continuous care for children with enterostomy and their families has been gaining popularity in China.Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of continuous care for children with enterostomy and their families in China.Methods:The PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,EBSCO,CNKI,CBM,VIP,and WanFang were searched for clinical trials until December 30,2025.Two reviewers independently searched articles,evaluated quality and extracted data.This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA).Results:33 studies involving 2774 participants were included.The meta-analysis showed that continuous care strategy can significantly reduce the incidence of complications in children with enterostomy(OR=0.20,95%CI=0.16-0.26,p<0.001,I2=0%),effectively improve the family caregiver ability for enterostomy(MD=-10.34,95%CI=-13.82 to-6.85,p<0.001,I2=99%),shorten the time for family members to replace stoma bags(MD=-13.57,95%CI=-19.66 to-7.49,p<0.001,I2=100%),and alleviate negative emotions such as anxiety(SMD=-1.80,95%CI=-2.36 to-1.23,p<0.001,I2=92%)and depression(SMD=-1.54,95%CI=-2.04 to-1.04,p<0.001,I2=89%)in the families of the affected children.Conclusions:Continuous care can reduce complications of enterostomy in children,improve the family caregiver ability for enterostomy and alleviate negative emotions of family members such as anxiety and depression.展开更多
BACKGROUND Children with critical acute abdominal conditions often undergo intestinal stoma surgery.AIM To explore the impact of a visual mobile terminal-based extended care model on caregiver competence for children ...BACKGROUND Children with critical acute abdominal conditions often undergo intestinal stoma surgery.AIM To explore the impact of a visual mobile terminal-based extended care model on caregiver competence for children with enterostomies.METHODS One hundred twenty children with enterostomies and their caregivers in a children's hospital in Beijing were divided into a control group and a study group.The control group(60 cases)received traditional telephone follow-up for continuity of care,while the study group(60 cases)used a visualization mobile terminal-based care model.The incidence of stoma-related complications,caregiver burden scale,and competence scores of children with stoma were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The primary caregiver burden score in the study group(37.22±3.17)was significantly lower than that in the control group(80.00±4.47),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Additionally,the caregiving ability score of the study group(172.08±3.49)was significantly higher than that of the control group(117.55±4.28;P<0.05).The total incidence of complications in the study group(11.7%,7/60)was significantly lower compared to the control group(33.3%,20/60;χ2=8.086,P=0.004).CONCLUSION The visual mobile terminal-based care model reduces caregiver burden,improves home care ability,lowers the incidence of complications and readmission rates,and supports successful second-stage reduction surgery for children with enterostomies.展开更多
Hematopoietic cell transplantation(HCT)is the curative cornerstone for a wide spectrum of high-risk hematological malignancies and selected non-malignant disorders(1).As indications expand and survival improves,HCT su...Hematopoietic cell transplantation(HCT)is the curative cornerstone for a wide spectrum of high-risk hematological malignancies and selected non-malignant disorders(1).As indications expand and survival improves,HCT survivors increasingly face chronic complications,psychosocial distress,and long-term quality-of-life impairments that demand continuous,multidisciplinary management(2,3).However,the rapid evolution of transplantation contrasts sharply with the lag in specialized nursing capacity,credentialing,and governance systems in China.This commentary integrates national policy directives,recent workforce data,and clinical experience to examine current deficits,highlights the clinical value of nurse-led continuity-of-care,and proposes a sustainable framework for hematology specialist nurse-driven HCT care.展开更多
The aim of this study was to gain increased knowledge about nurses’ experiences of care transition of older patients from hospital to municipal health care, based on two research questions: How is nurses’ experience...The aim of this study was to gain increased knowledge about nurses’ experiences of care transition of older patients from hospital to municipal health care, based on two research questions: How is nurses’ experience continuity during care transition of older patients from hospital to municipal health care? How would nurses describe an optimal care transition? Nurses have a pivotal role during care transitions of older patients. More knowledge about their experiences is necessary to develop favorable improvements for this important period in the older patient’s treatment and care. The study has a qualitative explorative design with follow-up focus group interviews. Nurses (N = 30) working in hospital (n = 16) and municipal (n = 14) health care were organized in five mixed focus groups during the period October-January 2014/2015. The focus groups met twice, answering the research questions following a previously circulated semi-structured interview guide. The interview analysis was inspired by content analysis. The analysis resulted in the themes “Administrative demands challenge terms for collaboration” and “Essentials for nursing determine optimal care transitions for older patients”. Administrative demands may prevent nurses’ professional dialogue and collaboration across health care levels. Older patients’ best interests should be ensured through a collaborative relationship between hospital and municipal nurses, to form continuous care across health care levels. Clinical practice should be aware of essentials for nursing, which could influence and facilitate a more individualized and continuous transition for older patients.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the value of continuous care for patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH).Methods:A total of 80 patients with HICH who visited our hospital from January 2024 to December 2024 were...Objective:To analyze the value of continuous care for patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH).Methods:A total of 80 patients with HICH who visited our hospital from January 2024 to December 2024 were selected as samples and randomly divided into two groups.The observation group received continuous care,while the control group received routine care.The Functional Independence Measure(FIM),Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The FIM score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The SCL-90 score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of HICH complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of continuous care in HICH nursing can enhance patients’independent living skills outside the hospital,optimize their psychosocial adaptation,and is safe and efficient.展开更多
Objective:To explore the significance of continuing care in improving self-care ability and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:A total of 60 COPD patients treated in o...Objective:To explore the significance of continuing care in improving self-care ability and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:A total of 60 COPD patients treated in our department between June 2023 and June 2024 were randomly divided into control and observation groups.The control group received routine care,while the observation group received additional continuing care.Self-care ability and quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results:After the intervention,the observation group demonstrated higher self-care ability and quality of life scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Continuing care for COPD patients has a positive impact on enhancing self-care ability and improving quality of life,making it worth recommending.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Pulse indicated continuous cardiac output(PiCCO)has largely replaced Swan-Ganz catheterization in shock patients.However,whether PiCCO monitoring can improve outcomes of shock patients,such as mortality,len...BACKGROUND:Pulse indicated continuous cardiac output(PiCCO)has largely replaced Swan-Ganz catheterization in shock patients.However,whether PiCCO monitoring can improve outcomes of shock patients,such as mortality,length of hospital stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,or laboratory parameters,remains unknown.METHODS:This retrospective cohort study included patients with shock in the intensive care unit(ICU)from January 2013 to January 2020.Patients were divided into PiCCO group and non-PiCCO group based on treatment with PiCCO monitoring or not.Demographic characteristics,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II scores,quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)scores,14-day mortality,and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)levels at 0,1,3 and 7 days after onset of shock,duration of mechanical ventilation,length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs were compiled and analyzed using propensity score matching(PSM).RESULTS:Real-world analysis of 1,583 ICU patients suff ering shock after propensity score matching revealed that 14-day mortality did not differ between PiCCO and non-PiCCO groups(36.2%vs.32.6%,P=0.343).Duration of mechanical ventilation,hospital stay,and hospitalization costs were also similar between the two groups(P>0.05).No diff erences in changes of NT-proBNP levels on days 0,1,3,and 7 as compared to baseline were noted between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The results of our real-world indicate that PiCCO monitoring may not shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation,length of hospital stay,or reduce hospitalization costs,nor will it bring survival benefi ts to ICU patients suff ering shock.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer predominantly affects the elderly,who face significant challenges due to high postoperative complications and stress.These challenges include co-morbidities,reduced physiological reserves,and...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer predominantly affects the elderly,who face significant challenges due to high postoperative complications and stress.These challenges include co-morbidities,reduced physiological reserves,and increased risks of infections and delayed healing.Traditional postoperative care often falls short in addressing these issues effectively.Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)principles have revolutionized surgical care by reducing stress and promoting recovery through a holistic approach.ERAS emphasizes preoperative optimization,intraoperative care,and postoperative rehabilitation tailored to patient needs.Despite its recog-nized benefits,the impact of continuity nursing care within the ERAS framework on elderly gastric cancer patients remains underexplored.This study examines the influence of ERAS-based continuity nursing care on postoperative satisfaction,inflammation,stress,and quality of life in elderly patients undergoing gastric cancer resection.AIM To investigate the effects of ERAS-based continuity nursing care on postoperative satisfaction,inflammation,stress,and quality of life in elderly gastric cancer pa-tients.METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 322 elderly patients who under-went gastric cancer resection between January 2020 and January 2022.Patients were assigned to a routine care group(n=156)or an ERAS-control(ERAS-C)group(n=166).Data collected included demographic information,inflammatory and stress markers,satisfaction scores using the patient satisfaction questionnaire-18,and quality of life measured using the European Organi-zation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 22-item quality of life questionnaire specific to gastric cancer.RESULTS The ERAS-C group exhibited significantly lower postoperative interleukin-6 levels than the routine care group(12.97±4.02 pg/mL vs 14.37±3.86 pg/mL;P=0.002).This finding indicates that the ERAS-C group experienced reduced inflammation.The ERAS-C group also had a higher cluster of differentiation(CD)4:CD8 ratio than the routine care group(2.34±0.35 vs 2.13±0.61;P<0.001),suggesting the former’s enhanced immune response.Postoperative stress markers,including norepinephrine,cortisol,and aldosterone,were significantly lower in the ERAS-C group than in the routine care group(P<0.05 for all).Compared with the routine care group,the ERAS-C group showed increased nursing satisfaction scores(80.36±7.24 vs 75.23±7.03;P<0.001)and improved quality of life indicators,such as reduced dysphagia and pain,(P<0.05).The ERAS-C group also experienced fewer complic-ations than the routine care group(5.42%vs 11.54%,P=0.048).CONCLUSION Continuity nursing care within the ERAS framework significantly enhances postoperative outcomes for elderly gastric cancer patients by reducing inflammation,stress,and complications while improving satisfaction and qua-lity of life.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effect of using continuity of care for elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)with unstable angina pectoris(UAP)and its impact on their quality of life.Methods:100 cases of elderly p...Objective:To analyze the effect of using continuity of care for elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)with unstable angina pectoris(UAP)and its impact on their quality of life.Methods:100 cases of elderly patients with CHD with UAP admitted to our hospital from March 2022 to March 2023 were selected and grouped into an observation group and a control group of 50 cases each according to the randomized number table method.The nursing effect and quality of life of the observation group(continuity nursing)and the control group(routine nursing)were compared.Results:The total effective rate of nursing care was 96.00%observation group and 80.00%for the control group,and the differences were significant(χ2=6.061,P<0.05).Patients in the observation group had fewer episodes(1.42±0.21)times/week and a shorter duration(5.46±0.39)min,which were better than the control group(t=3.465,2.973;P<0.05).The depression self-rating depression scale(SDS)score(42.16±6.64)and anxiety self-rating scale(SAS)score(32.26±7.35)in the observation group were lower and the quality of life was higher as compared to that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Continuous nursing care improved the nursing effect of elderly CHD with UAP patients,promoted the alleviation of UAP symptoms,improved patient mentality,and improved their quality of life.Hence,continuous nursing care possesses significant clinical application value.展开更多
Background: Standards of Joint Commission International emphasize on the organizational performance level in basic functional domains including patient right, patient care, medical safety and infection control. These ...Background: Standards of Joint Commission International emphasize on the organizational performance level in basic functional domains including patient right, patient care, medical safety and infection control. These standards are focused on two principles: expectations of the actual organizational performance and assessment of organizational capabilities to provide high quality and safe health care services. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of improvement in Access to Care and Continuity of Care for patients (ACC) in teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 2012. Data collection was performed using author-designed questionnaire of “Access to Care and Continuity of Care patients” based on JCI standards (2013). A total of 171 questionnaires were sent to 26 hospitals and 154 (90%) questionnaires were successfully completed and used for data analysis. The questionnaire was reviewed by experts and the Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to be 0.967. The effects of the two variables of hospital type (general, specialty) and the number of beds on mean scores of ACC standards and each of its domains were analyzed using T-test or Mann-Whitney test depending on the distribution due to Kolmogorov-Smirnov test result. Results: In general, the mean of ACC standards was found comprehendible and applicable by 82.3 (SD = 11) of the respondents. The highest and lowest mean scores of ACC questions belonged to hospitals H21 (90 ± 6) and H14 (67 ± 12), respectively. There were not any significant effects of hospital type and the number of beds on the ACC scores. Conclusion: There was not any important effect of hospital type and bed numbers on ACC, although there was a 9%-15% possibility of improvement in accreditation scores of ACC standards in hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. A complete accreditation score in this domain didn’t seem achievable in these hospitals. However, it is proposed that future managerial planning of the studied hospitals lead to a complete accreditation score.展开更多
Background: Continuity of care is a distinguishing feature of primary care. Better continuity of care program showed a significant effect in controlling diabetes and it is complications. This study explores the effect...Background: Continuity of care is a distinguishing feature of primary care. Better continuity of care program showed a significant effect in controlling diabetes and it is complications. This study explores the effect of continuity of care on control of diabetes mellites in primary health care centres. Objectives: 1) To assess the effect of Continuity of care on controlling haemoglobin (Hb A1C) and fasting blood Sugar (FBS);2) To compare the control of Diabetes by using (Hb A1C and FBS) indices on same patient before and after application of chronic illness clinic;3) To identify the relation between age and gender affecting continuity of care in diabetic patient. Methods: It is a Prospective cohort study design. Included both gender and diabetic patient age above 24 years old. The data extracted from health care specialty center (HCSC) clinics in National guard hospital at Riyadh, through HCSC data base on three phases: 1) Phase 1: the data extracted of diabetic patients from October to November 2022 including MRN, diabetic patient, age, Hb A1C, Fasting blood glucose. 2) Phase 2: the same MRN extracted from phase 1 was extracted again retrospectively for six months from April to September 2022, to compare the indices before implanting the chronic illness clinic including Hb A1C, Fasting blood glucose. 3) Phase 3: prospectively from December 2022 to September 2023. Results: Among diabetic patients aged 60 years old and above showed better control of HbA1C and FBS comparing to these patients below age of 60 years old, with significant improvement of HbA1C after implanting chronic illness clinic. Conclusion: The significant improvement in the control of diabetic patients followed in primary health care centers reinforce the evidence of the importance of continuity of care.展开更多
BACKGROUND The emergency department plays a crucial role in providing acute care to patients.Nursing interventions in this setting are essential for improving the continuity of care,enhancing patients’self-care abili...BACKGROUND The emergency department plays a crucial role in providing acute care to patients.Nursing interventions in this setting are essential for improving the continuity of care,enhancing patients’self-care abilities,and reducing psychological symp-toms.AIM To evaluate the effect of nursing interventions in the emergency department on these indicators in an emergency department.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 120 patients admitted to the emergency department between January 2022 and May 2023.The patients were divided into two groups:The control group(conventional nursing intervention)and the observation group(conventional nursing intervention+emergency department nursing intervention).The two groups were compared regarding continuity of care,self-care ability,psychological symptoms,and satisfaction with care.RESULTS The emergency department nursing interventions significantly improved the continuity of care,enhanced patients’self-care abilities,and reduced psycho-logical symptoms such as anxiety and depression.CONCLUSION Nursing interventions in the emergency department positively impact continuity of care,self-care,and psychological symptoms.However,it is important to acknowledge the limitations of this study,including the small number of studies,variable methodological quality,and the heterogeneity of the study population.Future research should address these limitations and further explore the effects of different types of nursing interventions in the emergency department.Additionally,efforts should be made to enhance the application and evaluation of these interventions in clinical practice.展开更多
Purpose： This paper is a report about the concept analysis of continuity of care, to get further understanding of continuity of care. Methods： The Walker and Avant concept analysis approach was applied in this paper...Purpose： This paper is a report about the concept analysis of continuity of care, to get further understanding of continuity of care. Methods： The Walker and Avant concept analysis approach was applied in this paper. Results： The three attributes include： seamless transfer, flexible reaction and effective interaction. The antecedents were changed needs and patient centred care. In addition, the continuity of care had a significant effect on patients’ outcome, satisfaction and costs. Conclusions： This analysis provides nurses an understanding about continuity of care in both patient’s and care provider’s perspective. Continuity of care is a tailored services provided by care givers, which is an essential element of healthcare system.展开更多
Objective: To explore the impact of the WeChat platform continuity of care model based on the KAP (knowledge, attitudes, and practices) theory on the self-management of stroke patients with hypertension after discharg...Objective: To explore the impact of the WeChat platform continuity of care model based on the KAP (knowledge, attitudes, and practices) theory on the self-management of stroke patients with hypertension after discharge from the hospital. Methods: 62 stroke patients with hypertension discharged from the rehabilitation department of a tertiary A hospital in Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, from October 2022 to April 2023 were sampled by convenience sampling method. Patients discharged from Rehabilitation I were included in the control group, and conventional nursing care was used;while patients discharged from Rehabilitation II were included in the observation group, and WeChat platform continuity of nursing care model based on the KAP theory was implemented. The intervention effect of the two groups was compared. Results: After 4 and 12 weeks of intervention, the diastolic and systolic blood pressure of the patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05);after 12 weeks of intervention, the rate of medication adherence and the score of adherence to hypertension treatment in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of the WeChat platform continuity of care model based on KAP theory to stroke patients with hypertension can improve blood pressure, medication adherence rate, hypertension treatment adherence, and overall enhance the self-management level of these patients.展开更多
Objective: to evaluate and analyze the application value of Internet-based continuous nursing management in patients with colorectal cancer after ostomy. Methods: a total of 70 patients who underwent colorectal cancer...Objective: to evaluate and analyze the application value of Internet-based continuous nursing management in patients with colorectal cancer after ostomy. Methods: a total of 70 patients who underwent colorectal cancer ostomy in our hospital from October 2019 to July 2021 were included. They were randomly divided into a study group and a control group with 35 cases in each group. All patients received colorectal cancer surgery. Routine nursing after oral surgery, the research group patients also carried out continuous nursing management based on the internet, and the two groups of patients were evaluated and compared on their emotional status before and after nursing, the ability of caregivers and patients after nursing, and the complication rate during nursing. Results: after nursing, the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group;the FCTI score of the caregivers in the study group was lower than that of the control group;the ESCA score of the patients was higher than that of the control group, and the complication rate was lower than that of the control group. The differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: internet-based continuous nursing management is of outstanding value in improving emotional status and self-care ability, improving the ability of caregivers, and reducing the risk of complications in patients with colorectal cancer after ostomy.展开更多
Objective:To explore the impact of a continuity of care model on negative emotions and self-efficacy in patients undergoing digestive endoscopic tumor resection.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 pat...Objective:To explore the impact of a continuity of care model on negative emotions and self-efficacy in patients undergoing digestive endoscopic tumor resection.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 patients who underwent digestive endoscopic tumor resection in the Gastroenterology Department of Baoying County People’s Hospital between October 2022 and October 2024.Patients were randomly divided into a control group(n=40)and an observation group(n=40)using a random number table.The control group received routine nursing care,while the observation group was additionally provided with continuity of care interventions.After two months of intervention,the negative emotions and self-efficacy of the two groups were compared and statistically analyzed.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in baseline data between the two groups(P>0.05).After two months of intervention,the observation group demonstrated significantly lower HAMD and HAMA scores compared to the control group(both P=0.000),and significantly higher GSES scores(P=0.000).Conclusion:Applying a continuity of care model to patients undergoing digestive endoscopic tumor resection can alleviate negative emotions,enhance self-efficacy,and improve self-care abilities.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effect of continuity of care in the cardiac intensive care unit(CICU)on improving cognitive function and psychological state in patients with heart failure(HF).Methods:A total of 112 chronic H...Objective:To analyze the effect of continuity of care in the cardiac intensive care unit(CICU)on improving cognitive function and psychological state in patients with heart failure(HF).Methods:A total of 112 chronic HF patients admitted to the CICU of Xuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from July 2022 to August 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using the red and blue ball method:a control group(n=56)and a study group(n=56).The control group received routine CICU nursing management,while the study group received routine CICU nursing combined with continuity of care management.Cognitive function(using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA),psychological state(using the Self-Rating Depression Scale,SDS,and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS),and quality of life(using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire,MLHFQ)were compared between the two groups.Results:After the intervention,the cognitive function scores of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The SDS and SAS scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group after the intervention(P<0.05).The quality of life in the study group was also significantly better than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:CICU continuity of care can effectively improve cognitive function and psychological state in patients with HF,while also enhancing their quality of life.展开更多
Medications are beneficial for curing or managing acute and chronic illnesses. Medications typically have positive outcomes, although older people are prone to drug-related problems. Community-dwelling seniors are at ...Medications are beneficial for curing or managing acute and chronic illnesses. Medications typically have positive outcomes, although older people are prone to drug-related problems. Community-dwelling seniors are at particularly high risk of polypharmacy, as they tend to receive many prescriptions over time and from different care providers. Continuing-care facility admission presents an excellent opportunity for a comprehensive medication review. A research study was conducted to describe and compare medications taken by community-dwelling seniors prior to and following admission to a continuing-care facility. This pilot project involved data being gathered from the charts of deceased residents, as required by a University Health Research Ethics Board, who had been cared for at one large local continuing-care facility. The facility administrators also approved this study, in part to evaluate their policy to conduct a medication review for all new residents within six weeks of entry. This study revealed a slight but statistically significant reduction in the number of medications following this review. Other issues such as medication interactions and required dosage changes were addressed by this medication review. Although this study was confined to one continuing-care facility and a small number of residents, the findings suggest medication reviews would be beneficial upon admission to all continuing-care facilities, and annually perhaps through other means for older persons living in the community.展开更多
Background： The world is facing increasing pressure with the continuous growth of the older population. Older patients are usually discharged with complex medical problems, high stress and vulnerability, and these fa...Background： The world is facing increasing pressure with the continuous growth of the older population. Older patients are usually discharged with complex medical problems, high stress and vulnerability, and these factors place the elderly at risk for poor outcomes. Purpose： The present review summarizes a method for providing appropriate and affordable health services by nursing professionals to meet older patient＇s health care needs during their transitional period which is defined as a period from discharge after hospitalization for a major disorder to recovery in a home setting. Summary： Older patients with chronic diseases need seamless health care during a transitional period-a highly stressful and vulnerable period for them. Nurse professionals can conduct decent discharge planning to assist older patients with transitional problems through continuous healthcare. This review summarized the need of continuing care for older patients during the transitional period, the definition of discharge planning, the conceptual framework of discharge planning, and the professionals involved in discharge planning. It also highlighted the problems of discharge planning and follow-up intervention implementation in the mainland of China. Clinical implications： Inadequate discharge planning and follow-up were leading factors associ- ated with the readmission of discharged older patients. Further nursing-led discharge planning should be reinforced in China.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus affects people worldwide,and management of its acute complications or treatment-related adverse events is particularly important in critically ill patients.Previous reports have confirmed that hyperg...Diabetes mellitus affects people worldwide,and management of its acute complications or treatment-related adverse events is particularly important in critically ill patients.Previous reports have confirmed that hyperglycemia can increase the risk of mortality in patients cared in the intensive care unit(ICU).In addition,severe and multiple hypoglycemia increases the risk of mortality when using insulin or intensive antidiabetic therapy.The innovation of continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)may help to alert medical caregivers with regard to the development of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia,which may decrease the potential complications in patients in the ICU.The major limitation of CGM is the measurement of interstitial glucose levels rather than real-time blood glucose levels;thus,there will be a delay in the treatment of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in patients.Recently,the European Union approved a state-of-art artificial intelligence directed loop system coordinated by CGM and a continuous insulin pump for diabetes control,which may provide a practical way to prevent acute adverse glycemic events related to antidiabetic therapy in critically ill patients.In this mini-review paper,we describe the application of CGM to patients in the ICU and summarize the pros and cons of CGM.展开更多
文摘Background:Continuous care for children with enterostomy and their families has been gaining popularity in China.Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of continuous care for children with enterostomy and their families in China.Methods:The PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,EBSCO,CNKI,CBM,VIP,and WanFang were searched for clinical trials until December 30,2025.Two reviewers independently searched articles,evaluated quality and extracted data.This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA).Results:33 studies involving 2774 participants were included.The meta-analysis showed that continuous care strategy can significantly reduce the incidence of complications in children with enterostomy(OR=0.20,95%CI=0.16-0.26,p<0.001,I2=0%),effectively improve the family caregiver ability for enterostomy(MD=-10.34,95%CI=-13.82 to-6.85,p<0.001,I2=99%),shorten the time for family members to replace stoma bags(MD=-13.57,95%CI=-19.66 to-7.49,p<0.001,I2=100%),and alleviate negative emotions such as anxiety(SMD=-1.80,95%CI=-2.36 to-1.23,p<0.001,I2=92%)and depression(SMD=-1.54,95%CI=-2.04 to-1.04,p<0.001,I2=89%)in the families of the affected children.Conclusions:Continuous care can reduce complications of enterostomy in children,improve the family caregiver ability for enterostomy and alleviate negative emotions of family members such as anxiety and depression.
基金Supported by Project of the Health Bureau of the Logistics and Security Department of the Central Military Commission,No.145BHQ090003076XMilitary Family Planning Special Fund,No.21JSZ18.
文摘BACKGROUND Children with critical acute abdominal conditions often undergo intestinal stoma surgery.AIM To explore the impact of a visual mobile terminal-based extended care model on caregiver competence for children with enterostomies.METHODS One hundred twenty children with enterostomies and their caregivers in a children's hospital in Beijing were divided into a control group and a study group.The control group(60 cases)received traditional telephone follow-up for continuity of care,while the study group(60 cases)used a visualization mobile terminal-based care model.The incidence of stoma-related complications,caregiver burden scale,and competence scores of children with stoma were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The primary caregiver burden score in the study group(37.22±3.17)was significantly lower than that in the control group(80.00±4.47),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Additionally,the caregiving ability score of the study group(172.08±3.49)was significantly higher than that of the control group(117.55±4.28;P<0.05).The total incidence of complications in the study group(11.7%,7/60)was significantly lower compared to the control group(33.3%,20/60;χ2=8.086,P=0.004).CONCLUSION The visual mobile terminal-based care model reduces caregiver burden,improves home care ability,lowers the incidence of complications and readmission rates,and supports successful second-stage reduction surgery for children with enterostomies.
文摘Hematopoietic cell transplantation(HCT)is the curative cornerstone for a wide spectrum of high-risk hematological malignancies and selected non-malignant disorders(1).As indications expand and survival improves,HCT survivors increasingly face chronic complications,psychosocial distress,and long-term quality-of-life impairments that demand continuous,multidisciplinary management(2,3).However,the rapid evolution of transplantation contrasts sharply with the lag in specialized nursing capacity,credentialing,and governance systems in China.This commentary integrates national policy directives,recent workforce data,and clinical experience to examine current deficits,highlights the clinical value of nurse-led continuity-of-care,and proposes a sustainable framework for hematology specialist nurse-driven HCT care.
文摘The aim of this study was to gain increased knowledge about nurses’ experiences of care transition of older patients from hospital to municipal health care, based on two research questions: How is nurses’ experience continuity during care transition of older patients from hospital to municipal health care? How would nurses describe an optimal care transition? Nurses have a pivotal role during care transitions of older patients. More knowledge about their experiences is necessary to develop favorable improvements for this important period in the older patient’s treatment and care. The study has a qualitative explorative design with follow-up focus group interviews. Nurses (N = 30) working in hospital (n = 16) and municipal (n = 14) health care were organized in five mixed focus groups during the period October-January 2014/2015. The focus groups met twice, answering the research questions following a previously circulated semi-structured interview guide. The interview analysis was inspired by content analysis. The analysis resulted in the themes “Administrative demands challenge terms for collaboration” and “Essentials for nursing determine optimal care transitions for older patients”. Administrative demands may prevent nurses’ professional dialogue and collaboration across health care levels. Older patients’ best interests should be ensured through a collaborative relationship between hospital and municipal nurses, to form continuous care across health care levels. Clinical practice should be aware of essentials for nursing, which could influence and facilitate a more individualized and continuous transition for older patients.
文摘Objective:To analyze the value of continuous care for patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH).Methods:A total of 80 patients with HICH who visited our hospital from January 2024 to December 2024 were selected as samples and randomly divided into two groups.The observation group received continuous care,while the control group received routine care.The Functional Independence Measure(FIM),Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The FIM score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The SCL-90 score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of HICH complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of continuous care in HICH nursing can enhance patients’independent living skills outside the hospital,optimize their psychosocial adaptation,and is safe and efficient.
基金Baoding Science and Technology Bureau Project“Study on the Impact of Continuing Care on Self-Care Ability and Quality of Life in COPD Patients”(Project No.2441ZF276)。
文摘Objective:To explore the significance of continuing care in improving self-care ability and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:A total of 60 COPD patients treated in our department between June 2023 and June 2024 were randomly divided into control and observation groups.The control group received routine care,while the observation group received additional continuing care.Self-care ability and quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results:After the intervention,the observation group demonstrated higher self-care ability and quality of life scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Continuing care for COPD patients has a positive impact on enhancing self-care ability and improving quality of life,making it worth recommending.
文摘BACKGROUND:Pulse indicated continuous cardiac output(PiCCO)has largely replaced Swan-Ganz catheterization in shock patients.However,whether PiCCO monitoring can improve outcomes of shock patients,such as mortality,length of hospital stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,or laboratory parameters,remains unknown.METHODS:This retrospective cohort study included patients with shock in the intensive care unit(ICU)from January 2013 to January 2020.Patients were divided into PiCCO group and non-PiCCO group based on treatment with PiCCO monitoring or not.Demographic characteristics,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II scores,quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)scores,14-day mortality,and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)levels at 0,1,3 and 7 days after onset of shock,duration of mechanical ventilation,length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs were compiled and analyzed using propensity score matching(PSM).RESULTS:Real-world analysis of 1,583 ICU patients suff ering shock after propensity score matching revealed that 14-day mortality did not differ between PiCCO and non-PiCCO groups(36.2%vs.32.6%,P=0.343).Duration of mechanical ventilation,hospital stay,and hospitalization costs were also similar between the two groups(P>0.05).No diff erences in changes of NT-proBNP levels on days 0,1,3,and 7 as compared to baseline were noted between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The results of our real-world indicate that PiCCO monitoring may not shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation,length of hospital stay,or reduce hospitalization costs,nor will it bring survival benefi ts to ICU patients suff ering shock.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer predominantly affects the elderly,who face significant challenges due to high postoperative complications and stress.These challenges include co-morbidities,reduced physiological reserves,and increased risks of infections and delayed healing.Traditional postoperative care often falls short in addressing these issues effectively.Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)principles have revolutionized surgical care by reducing stress and promoting recovery through a holistic approach.ERAS emphasizes preoperative optimization,intraoperative care,and postoperative rehabilitation tailored to patient needs.Despite its recog-nized benefits,the impact of continuity nursing care within the ERAS framework on elderly gastric cancer patients remains underexplored.This study examines the influence of ERAS-based continuity nursing care on postoperative satisfaction,inflammation,stress,and quality of life in elderly patients undergoing gastric cancer resection.AIM To investigate the effects of ERAS-based continuity nursing care on postoperative satisfaction,inflammation,stress,and quality of life in elderly gastric cancer pa-tients.METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 322 elderly patients who under-went gastric cancer resection between January 2020 and January 2022.Patients were assigned to a routine care group(n=156)or an ERAS-control(ERAS-C)group(n=166).Data collected included demographic information,inflammatory and stress markers,satisfaction scores using the patient satisfaction questionnaire-18,and quality of life measured using the European Organi-zation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 22-item quality of life questionnaire specific to gastric cancer.RESULTS The ERAS-C group exhibited significantly lower postoperative interleukin-6 levels than the routine care group(12.97±4.02 pg/mL vs 14.37±3.86 pg/mL;P=0.002).This finding indicates that the ERAS-C group experienced reduced inflammation.The ERAS-C group also had a higher cluster of differentiation(CD)4:CD8 ratio than the routine care group(2.34±0.35 vs 2.13±0.61;P<0.001),suggesting the former’s enhanced immune response.Postoperative stress markers,including norepinephrine,cortisol,and aldosterone,were significantly lower in the ERAS-C group than in the routine care group(P<0.05 for all).Compared with the routine care group,the ERAS-C group showed increased nursing satisfaction scores(80.36±7.24 vs 75.23±7.03;P<0.001)and improved quality of life indicators,such as reduced dysphagia and pain,(P<0.05).The ERAS-C group also experienced fewer complic-ations than the routine care group(5.42%vs 11.54%,P=0.048).CONCLUSION Continuity nursing care within the ERAS framework significantly enhances postoperative outcomes for elderly gastric cancer patients by reducing inflammation,stress,and complications while improving satisfaction and qua-lity of life.
文摘Objective:To analyze the effect of using continuity of care for elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)with unstable angina pectoris(UAP)and its impact on their quality of life.Methods:100 cases of elderly patients with CHD with UAP admitted to our hospital from March 2022 to March 2023 were selected and grouped into an observation group and a control group of 50 cases each according to the randomized number table method.The nursing effect and quality of life of the observation group(continuity nursing)and the control group(routine nursing)were compared.Results:The total effective rate of nursing care was 96.00%observation group and 80.00%for the control group,and the differences were significant(χ2=6.061,P<0.05).Patients in the observation group had fewer episodes(1.42±0.21)times/week and a shorter duration(5.46±0.39)min,which were better than the control group(t=3.465,2.973;P<0.05).The depression self-rating depression scale(SDS)score(42.16±6.64)and anxiety self-rating scale(SAS)score(32.26±7.35)in the observation group were lower and the quality of life was higher as compared to that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Continuous nursing care improved the nursing effect of elderly CHD with UAP patients,promoted the alleviation of UAP symptoms,improved patient mentality,and improved their quality of life.Hence,continuous nursing care possesses significant clinical application value.
文摘Background: Standards of Joint Commission International emphasize on the organizational performance level in basic functional domains including patient right, patient care, medical safety and infection control. These standards are focused on two principles: expectations of the actual organizational performance and assessment of organizational capabilities to provide high quality and safe health care services. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of improvement in Access to Care and Continuity of Care for patients (ACC) in teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 2012. Data collection was performed using author-designed questionnaire of “Access to Care and Continuity of Care patients” based on JCI standards (2013). A total of 171 questionnaires were sent to 26 hospitals and 154 (90%) questionnaires were successfully completed and used for data analysis. The questionnaire was reviewed by experts and the Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to be 0.967. The effects of the two variables of hospital type (general, specialty) and the number of beds on mean scores of ACC standards and each of its domains were analyzed using T-test or Mann-Whitney test depending on the distribution due to Kolmogorov-Smirnov test result. Results: In general, the mean of ACC standards was found comprehendible and applicable by 82.3 (SD = 11) of the respondents. The highest and lowest mean scores of ACC questions belonged to hospitals H21 (90 ± 6) and H14 (67 ± 12), respectively. There were not any significant effects of hospital type and the number of beds on the ACC scores. Conclusion: There was not any important effect of hospital type and bed numbers on ACC, although there was a 9%-15% possibility of improvement in accreditation scores of ACC standards in hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. A complete accreditation score in this domain didn’t seem achievable in these hospitals. However, it is proposed that future managerial planning of the studied hospitals lead to a complete accreditation score.
文摘Background: Continuity of care is a distinguishing feature of primary care. Better continuity of care program showed a significant effect in controlling diabetes and it is complications. This study explores the effect of continuity of care on control of diabetes mellites in primary health care centres. Objectives: 1) To assess the effect of Continuity of care on controlling haemoglobin (Hb A1C) and fasting blood Sugar (FBS);2) To compare the control of Diabetes by using (Hb A1C and FBS) indices on same patient before and after application of chronic illness clinic;3) To identify the relation between age and gender affecting continuity of care in diabetic patient. Methods: It is a Prospective cohort study design. Included both gender and diabetic patient age above 24 years old. The data extracted from health care specialty center (HCSC) clinics in National guard hospital at Riyadh, through HCSC data base on three phases: 1) Phase 1: the data extracted of diabetic patients from October to November 2022 including MRN, diabetic patient, age, Hb A1C, Fasting blood glucose. 2) Phase 2: the same MRN extracted from phase 1 was extracted again retrospectively for six months from April to September 2022, to compare the indices before implanting the chronic illness clinic including Hb A1C, Fasting blood glucose. 3) Phase 3: prospectively from December 2022 to September 2023. Results: Among diabetic patients aged 60 years old and above showed better control of HbA1C and FBS comparing to these patients below age of 60 years old, with significant improvement of HbA1C after implanting chronic illness clinic. Conclusion: The significant improvement in the control of diabetic patients followed in primary health care centers reinforce the evidence of the importance of continuity of care.
基金This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University.
文摘BACKGROUND The emergency department plays a crucial role in providing acute care to patients.Nursing interventions in this setting are essential for improving the continuity of care,enhancing patients’self-care abilities,and reducing psychological symp-toms.AIM To evaluate the effect of nursing interventions in the emergency department on these indicators in an emergency department.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 120 patients admitted to the emergency department between January 2022 and May 2023.The patients were divided into two groups:The control group(conventional nursing intervention)and the observation group(conventional nursing intervention+emergency department nursing intervention).The two groups were compared regarding continuity of care,self-care ability,psychological symptoms,and satisfaction with care.RESULTS The emergency department nursing interventions significantly improved the continuity of care,enhanced patients’self-care abilities,and reduced psycho-logical symptoms such as anxiety and depression.CONCLUSION Nursing interventions in the emergency department positively impact continuity of care,self-care,and psychological symptoms.However,it is important to acknowledge the limitations of this study,including the small number of studies,variable methodological quality,and the heterogeneity of the study population.Future research should address these limitations and further explore the effects of different types of nursing interventions in the emergency department.Additionally,efforts should be made to enhance the application and evaluation of these interventions in clinical practice.
文摘Purpose： This paper is a report about the concept analysis of continuity of care, to get further understanding of continuity of care. Methods： The Walker and Avant concept analysis approach was applied in this paper. Results： The three attributes include： seamless transfer, flexible reaction and effective interaction. The antecedents were changed needs and patient centred care. In addition, the continuity of care had a significant effect on patients’ outcome, satisfaction and costs. Conclusions： This analysis provides nurses an understanding about continuity of care in both patient’s and care provider’s perspective. Continuity of care is a tailored services provided by care givers, which is an essential element of healthcare system.
文摘Objective: To explore the impact of the WeChat platform continuity of care model based on the KAP (knowledge, attitudes, and practices) theory on the self-management of stroke patients with hypertension after discharge from the hospital. Methods: 62 stroke patients with hypertension discharged from the rehabilitation department of a tertiary A hospital in Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, from October 2022 to April 2023 were sampled by convenience sampling method. Patients discharged from Rehabilitation I were included in the control group, and conventional nursing care was used;while patients discharged from Rehabilitation II were included in the observation group, and WeChat platform continuity of nursing care model based on the KAP theory was implemented. The intervention effect of the two groups was compared. Results: After 4 and 12 weeks of intervention, the diastolic and systolic blood pressure of the patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05);after 12 weeks of intervention, the rate of medication adherence and the score of adherence to hypertension treatment in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of the WeChat platform continuity of care model based on KAP theory to stroke patients with hypertension can improve blood pressure, medication adherence rate, hypertension treatment adherence, and overall enhance the self-management level of these patients.
文摘Objective: to evaluate and analyze the application value of Internet-based continuous nursing management in patients with colorectal cancer after ostomy. Methods: a total of 70 patients who underwent colorectal cancer ostomy in our hospital from October 2019 to July 2021 were included. They were randomly divided into a study group and a control group with 35 cases in each group. All patients received colorectal cancer surgery. Routine nursing after oral surgery, the research group patients also carried out continuous nursing management based on the internet, and the two groups of patients were evaluated and compared on their emotional status before and after nursing, the ability of caregivers and patients after nursing, and the complication rate during nursing. Results: after nursing, the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group;the FCTI score of the caregivers in the study group was lower than that of the control group;the ESCA score of the patients was higher than that of the control group, and the complication rate was lower than that of the control group. The differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: internet-based continuous nursing management is of outstanding value in improving emotional status and self-care ability, improving the ability of caregivers, and reducing the risk of complications in patients with colorectal cancer after ostomy.
文摘Objective:To explore the impact of a continuity of care model on negative emotions and self-efficacy in patients undergoing digestive endoscopic tumor resection.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 patients who underwent digestive endoscopic tumor resection in the Gastroenterology Department of Baoying County People’s Hospital between October 2022 and October 2024.Patients were randomly divided into a control group(n=40)and an observation group(n=40)using a random number table.The control group received routine nursing care,while the observation group was additionally provided with continuity of care interventions.After two months of intervention,the negative emotions and self-efficacy of the two groups were compared and statistically analyzed.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in baseline data between the two groups(P>0.05).After two months of intervention,the observation group demonstrated significantly lower HAMD and HAMA scores compared to the control group(both P=0.000),and significantly higher GSES scores(P=0.000).Conclusion:Applying a continuity of care model to patients undergoing digestive endoscopic tumor resection can alleviate negative emotions,enhance self-efficacy,and improve self-care abilities.
文摘Objective:To analyze the effect of continuity of care in the cardiac intensive care unit(CICU)on improving cognitive function and psychological state in patients with heart failure(HF).Methods:A total of 112 chronic HF patients admitted to the CICU of Xuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from July 2022 to August 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using the red and blue ball method:a control group(n=56)and a study group(n=56).The control group received routine CICU nursing management,while the study group received routine CICU nursing combined with continuity of care management.Cognitive function(using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA),psychological state(using the Self-Rating Depression Scale,SDS,and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS),and quality of life(using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire,MLHFQ)were compared between the two groups.Results:After the intervention,the cognitive function scores of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The SDS and SAS scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group after the intervention(P<0.05).The quality of life in the study group was also significantly better than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:CICU continuity of care can effectively improve cognitive function and psychological state in patients with HF,while also enhancing their quality of life.
文摘Medications are beneficial for curing or managing acute and chronic illnesses. Medications typically have positive outcomes, although older people are prone to drug-related problems. Community-dwelling seniors are at particularly high risk of polypharmacy, as they tend to receive many prescriptions over time and from different care providers. Continuing-care facility admission presents an excellent opportunity for a comprehensive medication review. A research study was conducted to describe and compare medications taken by community-dwelling seniors prior to and following admission to a continuing-care facility. This pilot project involved data being gathered from the charts of deceased residents, as required by a University Health Research Ethics Board, who had been cared for at one large local continuing-care facility. The facility administrators also approved this study, in part to evaluate their policy to conduct a medication review for all new residents within six weeks of entry. This study revealed a slight but statistically significant reduction in the number of medications following this review. Other issues such as medication interactions and required dosage changes were addressed by this medication review. Although this study was confined to one continuing-care facility and a small number of residents, the findings suggest medication reviews would be beneficial upon admission to all continuing-care facilities, and annually perhaps through other means for older persons living in the community.
文摘Background： The world is facing increasing pressure with the continuous growth of the older population. Older patients are usually discharged with complex medical problems, high stress and vulnerability, and these factors place the elderly at risk for poor outcomes. Purpose： The present review summarizes a method for providing appropriate and affordable health services by nursing professionals to meet older patient＇s health care needs during their transitional period which is defined as a period from discharge after hospitalization for a major disorder to recovery in a home setting. Summary： Older patients with chronic diseases need seamless health care during a transitional period-a highly stressful and vulnerable period for them. Nurse professionals can conduct decent discharge planning to assist older patients with transitional problems through continuous healthcare. This review summarized the need of continuing care for older patients during the transitional period, the definition of discharge planning, the conceptual framework of discharge planning, and the professionals involved in discharge planning. It also highlighted the problems of discharge planning and follow-up intervention implementation in the mainland of China. Clinical implications： Inadequate discharge planning and follow-up were leading factors associ- ated with the readmission of discharged older patients. Further nursing-led discharge planning should be reinforced in China.
文摘Diabetes mellitus affects people worldwide,and management of its acute complications or treatment-related adverse events is particularly important in critically ill patients.Previous reports have confirmed that hyperglycemia can increase the risk of mortality in patients cared in the intensive care unit(ICU).In addition,severe and multiple hypoglycemia increases the risk of mortality when using insulin or intensive antidiabetic therapy.The innovation of continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)may help to alert medical caregivers with regard to the development of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia,which may decrease the potential complications in patients in the ICU.The major limitation of CGM is the measurement of interstitial glucose levels rather than real-time blood glucose levels;thus,there will be a delay in the treatment of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in patients.Recently,the European Union approved a state-of-art artificial intelligence directed loop system coordinated by CGM and a continuous insulin pump for diabetes control,which may provide a practical way to prevent acute adverse glycemic events related to antidiabetic therapy in critically ill patients.In this mini-review paper,we describe the application of CGM to patients in the ICU and summarize the pros and cons of CGM.
