With the advent of the digital economy,there has been a rapid proliferation of small-scale Internet data centers(SIDCs).By leveraging their spatiotemporal load regulation potential through data workload balancing,aggr...With the advent of the digital economy,there has been a rapid proliferation of small-scale Internet data centers(SIDCs).By leveraging their spatiotemporal load regulation potential through data workload balancing,aggregated SIDCs have emerged as promising demand response(DR)resources for future power distribution systems.This paper presents an innovative framework for assessing capacity value(CV)by aggregating SIDCs participating in DR programs(SIDC-DR).Initially,we delineate the concept of CV tailored for aggregated SIDC scenarios and establish a metric for the assessment.Considering the effects of the data load dynamics,equipment constraints,and user behavior,we developed a sophisticated DR model for aggregated SIDCs using a data network aggregation method.Unlike existing studies,the proposed model captures the uncertainties associated with end tenant decisions to opt into an SIDC-DR program by utilizing a novel uncertainty modeling approach called Z-number formulation.This approach accounts for both the uncertainty in user participation intentions and the reliability of basic information during the DR process,enabling high-resolution profiling of the SIDC-DR potential in the CV evaluation.Simulation results from numerical studies conducted on a modified IEEE-33 node distribution system confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach and highlighted the potential benefits of SIDC-DR utilization in the efficient operation of future power systems.展开更多
Internet data center buildings have great importance for maintaining the post-earthquake functionality of telecommunication networks.It is essential to maintain the functionality of internet data center buildings duri...Internet data center buildings have great importance for maintaining the post-earthquake functionality of telecommunication networks.It is essential to maintain the functionality of internet data center buildings during earthquakes or recover immediately after earthquakes,which is referred to as seismic resilience.In this study,a seismic resilience assessment framework based on the Chinese code GB/T 38591-2020 is introduced first.The seismic damage and post-earthquake repair of both structural components and non-structural components are considered in the resilience assessment framework.A method for post-earthquake functionality loss quantification is proposed based on damage state and functionality loss of component.The subsystem level and system level functionality loss can be obtained by an integration principle.The seismic resilience of a typical internet data center building was evaluated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.To enhance the seismic resilience level,different disaster mitigation techniques including the energy dissipation technology using buckling restrained braces and the base-isolation technology using lead-rubber bearings are adopted.The seismic resilience is quantified and the corresponding seismic resilience curves under different earthquake intensities are developed based on evaluation results.展开更多
Energy generation and consumption are the main aspects of social life due to the fact that modern people’s necessity for energy is a crucial ingredient for existence. Therefore, energy efficiency is regarded as the b...Energy generation and consumption are the main aspects of social life due to the fact that modern people’s necessity for energy is a crucial ingredient for existence. Therefore, energy efficiency is regarded as the best economical approach to provide safer and affordable energy for both utilities and consumers, through the enhancement of energy security and reduction of energy emissions. One of the problems of cloud computing service providers is the high rise in the cost of energy, efficiency together with carbon emission with regards to the running of their internet data centres (IDCs). In order to mitigate these issues, smart micro-grid was found to be suitable in increasing the energy efficiency, sustainability together with the reliability of electrical services for the IDCs. Therefore, this paper presents idea on how smart micro-grids can bring down the disturbing cost of energy, carbon emission by the IDCs with some level of energy efficiency all in an effort to attain green cloud computing services from the service providers. In specific term, we aim at achieving green information and communication technology (ICT) in the field of cloud computing in relations to energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness and carbon emission reduction from cloud data center’s perspective.展开更多
The development of cloud computing has accel-erated the worldwide growth of internet data centers(IDCs).While a large portion of the energy consumption generated by intense computation introduces greater operation exp...The development of cloud computing has accel-erated the worldwide growth of internet data centers(IDCs).While a large portion of the energy consumption generated by intense computation introduces greater operation expenditures to the IDC enterprises.To manage the overall costs and utilize resources to their fullest extent,this paper introduces the concept of spatio-temporal workload allocation among the geographically distributed IDCs within a cloud,with the guarantee of the workload completion time and the consideration of computing service delay penalties by introducing the cost of inconvenience.Apart from the effort of the workload migration,the spatio-temporal variance of the renewable energies in the data center microgrids(DMGs)is fully considered in this paper.What's more,as the power consumed by the IDCs are primarily converted into heat,the waste heat recovery process is embedded in each IDC to demonstrate the effectiveness of the repurposed heat,which can be used by the residential heating demand in the thermal system,for total cost reduction and energy usage efficiency in the whole operating system.Applying real-life data traces of the electricity price,renewable energies and heating demand,these extensive evaluations demonstrate that both spatial and temporal complementary attempts on the supply side and demand side,along with power and thermal complementary efforts,can significantly reduce the overall cost for the IDC enterprise.展开更多
随着城市中高耗能互联网数据中心(internet data center,IDC)接入数量的不断增多,如何搭建科学合理的算电同互动调度模式,在满足IDC高可靠用电需求的前提下充分发挥其灵活可调特性,助力自身节能降耗与电网安全稳定运行,是当前社会各界...随着城市中高耗能互联网数据中心(internet data center,IDC)接入数量的不断增多,如何搭建科学合理的算电同互动调度模式,在满足IDC高可靠用电需求的前提下充分发挥其灵活可调特性,助力自身节能降耗与电网安全稳定运行,是当前社会各界重点关注的问题。然而,当前算电协同研究在刻画算力网络可调特性以及设计算电协同调度交易机制方面存在不足。为此,文章提出考虑负载时空转移特性的IDC集群算电协同优化调度方法。首先,提出计及设备运行耦合特性的IDC集群资源可调特性建模方法,系统刻画了工作负载、空调和储能3类灵活性资源的时空调节特性;然后,提出融合需求响应与调频服务的IDC集群参与电网协同调度模式。一方面,利用配电系统运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)实时下发的配电节点边际电价(distribution locational marginal price,DLMP)引导IDC集群聚合商(data center aggregator,DCA)制定集群内算力负载迁移策略;另一方面,聚合集群中IDC闲置备用储能容量参与电力系统调频交易,发挥储能双向快速调节效益;接着,构建DCA-DSO协同优化的双层模型。最后,算例分析表明所提方法在提升调频收益、降低购电成本及促进绿电消纳方面具有显著效果,验证了模型与方法的有效性和工程适用性。展开更多
物联网(Internet of Things,IoT)技术是实现校园数据中心设备监控和管理的主要手段。数据中心设备检测方式过于传统、维护响应速度慢以及能耗管理不合理等问题,都会对数据中心的系统性运行产生一定影响。而基于物联网构建的智能监控系统...物联网(Internet of Things,IoT)技术是实现校园数据中心设备监控和管理的主要手段。数据中心设备检测方式过于传统、维护响应速度慢以及能耗管理不合理等问题,都会对数据中心的系统性运行产生一定影响。而基于物联网构建的智能监控系统,能够利用传感器实时采集数据,并通过大数据分析及人工智能等技术进行分析处理,将结果提供给运维人员作为参考。在此基础上,可对数据中心采取智能监控、远程运维、能耗优化以及故障预测等有效操作,进一步保障数据中心的正常运行。研究表明,基于物联网构建的智能监控系统,能够进一步提高数据中心运维管理效率,降低数据中心故障率及运维成本,达到节能降耗和提升安全性的效果。因此,采用物联网技术提高数据中心管理工作水平是必要的,也是当前智慧校园建设发展所需的解决方案之一。展开更多
IP的语音传输(Voice over Internet Protocol,VoIP)技术是一种基于网络的语音技术,它可以将语音信号转换成数据流,并在互联网上传输。VoIP技术与Call Center的融合使用户在通话时能更加方便、快捷地使用互联网,节省时间和费用,实现语音...IP的语音传输(Voice over Internet Protocol,VoIP)技术是一种基于网络的语音技术,它可以将语音信号转换成数据流,并在互联网上传输。VoIP技术与Call Center的融合使用户在通话时能更加方便、快捷地使用互联网,节省时间和费用,实现语音信号与数据流的同时传输,提高通话质量和效率。同时,技术融合可以解决传统呼叫中心面临的一些挑战,如服务质量下降、成本上升等问题。展开更多
随着人工智能对算力需求的激增,数据中心(internet data center,IDC)作为数据处理与存储的机构,其能耗需求远超预期,使用新能源是其可持续发展的需要。然而,可再生能源具有出力不确定性,仅依靠数据中心参与需求响应难以实现消纳,可配置...随着人工智能对算力需求的激增,数据中心(internet data center,IDC)作为数据处理与存储的机构,其能耗需求远超预期,使用新能源是其可持续发展的需要。然而,可再生能源具有出力不确定性,仅依靠数据中心参与需求响应难以实现消纳,可配置储能提高系统灵活性。因此,本工作建立了以规划总成本最优为目标的数据中心与电池储能(battery energy storage,BES)协同规划两阶段鲁棒模型,为防止规划结果过于乐观,引入了储能寿命约束。同时针对在求解所建模型过程中,传统C&CG(column-and-constraint generation)算法存在难以平衡求解速度与精度间关系的问题,本工作提出了一种不精确列和生成约束算法i-C&CG(inexact column-and-constraint generation)进行求解。基于IEEE30节点与IEEE118节点算例系统进行优化解算,仿真结果表明,与仅配置单一储能相比,本工作所提模型储能年等效建设成本下降39785元,数据中心年等效建设成本下降289080元;且本工作所提算法与传统C&CG相比,采用0.18低精度下的i-C&CG,与采用0.16较高精度的C&CG相比较,i-C&CG最多可缩短3632 s的单次迭代求解所需时间,且最终计算结果的相对误差为0.46%,两者收敛间隙与相对最优间隙近似。展开更多
在当前数字化时代,互联网数据中心(internet data center,IDC)(以下简称“数据中心”)作为大型的电力消耗者已经成为电力网络中的重要组成部分。首先采用数据中心余热回收技术建立了数据中心等值热参数模型,并将其融入到微能源网中以实...在当前数字化时代,互联网数据中心(internet data center,IDC)(以下简称“数据中心”)作为大型的电力消耗者已经成为电力网络中的重要组成部分。首先采用数据中心余热回收技术建立了数据中心等值热参数模型,并将其融入到微能源网中以实现冷热电多能互补。其次对数据中心运行过程中所需制冷量与余热之间的复杂关系进行了深入分析,采用溴化锂吸收式制冷机和电制冷机来满足数据中心的冷负荷需求。为了更有效地应对批处理负荷在时间维度上的变化特性,制定了高度灵活的数据负荷分配策略,并建立了双层规划模型。使用场景削减的典型日选择方法以应对源荷不确定性,并引入基于Tent映射的灰狼优化算法(Tent mapping grey wolf optimization algorithm,TMGWO)和CPLEX进行联合求解。最后,通过对某含数据中心的微能源网系统进行仿真分析,数值计算结果表明所提出的方法能够有效提高系统的经济性和环保性。展开更多
随着云计算技术的快速发展,传统通信互联网数据中心(Internet Data Center,IDC)机房供电系统已难以满足其高可靠性、高效率、灵活性的需求。文章针对云计算数据中心的特点,提出了一种创新的通信IDC机房供电电源系统设计方案。该方案包...随着云计算技术的快速发展,传统通信互联网数据中心(Internet Data Center,IDC)机房供电系统已难以满足其高可靠性、高效率、灵活性的需求。文章针对云计算数据中心的特点,提出了一种创新的通信IDC机房供电电源系统设计方案。该方案包括主供电、备用电源和不间断电源(Uninterruptible Power Supply,UPS)3个模块,并在相应模块中集成了智能配电管理系统、云平台能量管理系统、智能UPS能效管理系统。该研究为云计算数据中心的稳定运行和可持续发展提供了有力支撑。展开更多
为了提升数据中心电源管理系统的响应速度与能效管理水平,以某互联网数据中心(Internet Data Center,IDC)机房改造项目为例,设计并实现了一套融合5G的智能IDC电源管理系统。通过构建感知层、网络层、平台层和应用层的分层架构,结合边缘...为了提升数据中心电源管理系统的响应速度与能效管理水平,以某互联网数据中心(Internet Data Center,IDC)机房改造项目为例,设计并实现了一套融合5G的智能IDC电源管理系统。通过构建感知层、网络层、平台层和应用层的分层架构,结合边缘计算与微服务技术,系统实现了能耗数据采集时间粒度、控制响应时延、平均故障发现时间、应急负载切换时间的大幅度缩短,同时在故障预警、应急调度等方面展现出显著优势。研究结果表明,该系统有效提升了电源管理的智能化、精细化与实时化水平,为绿色数据中心建设提供了可行路径。展开更多
全生命周期管理是现代工程技术领域中的重要管控理念。互联网数据中心(Internet Data Center,IDC)通信机房为数据与网络的核心枢纽,在进行机电安装时涉及供配电、环境控制、安全与布线等多系统的协同。基于此,分析全生命周期视角下IDC...全生命周期管理是现代工程技术领域中的重要管控理念。互联网数据中心(Internet Data Center,IDC)通信机房为数据与网络的核心枢纽,在进行机电安装时涉及供配电、环境控制、安全与布线等多系统的协同。基于此,分析全生命周期视角下IDC通信机房机电安装面临的复杂问题,研究电力系统安装与监控、环境控制系统安装、安全与网络系统安装、综合布线与设备布局的具体方法,并结合实际案例开展实证分析,旨在形成覆盖全流程的机电安装技术框架,为机房运行节能化和稳定化提供参考。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52177082in part by the Beijing Nova Program under Grant 20220484007.
文摘With the advent of the digital economy,there has been a rapid proliferation of small-scale Internet data centers(SIDCs).By leveraging their spatiotemporal load regulation potential through data workload balancing,aggregated SIDCs have emerged as promising demand response(DR)resources for future power distribution systems.This paper presents an innovative framework for assessing capacity value(CV)by aggregating SIDCs participating in DR programs(SIDC-DR).Initially,we delineate the concept of CV tailored for aggregated SIDC scenarios and establish a metric for the assessment.Considering the effects of the data load dynamics,equipment constraints,and user behavior,we developed a sophisticated DR model for aggregated SIDCs using a data network aggregation method.Unlike existing studies,the proposed model captures the uncertainties associated with end tenant decisions to opt into an SIDC-DR program by utilizing a novel uncertainty modeling approach called Z-number formulation.This approach accounts for both the uncertainty in user participation intentions and the reliability of basic information during the DR process,enabling high-resolution profiling of the SIDC-DR potential in the CV evaluation.Simulation results from numerical studies conducted on a modified IEEE-33 node distribution system confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach and highlighted the potential benefits of SIDC-DR utilization in the efficient operation of future power systems.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Plan,China(2019YFE0112700)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701937)+2 种基金National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(52125806)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51908519)Shuimu Tsinghua Scholar Program(2021SM005)。
文摘Internet data center buildings have great importance for maintaining the post-earthquake functionality of telecommunication networks.It is essential to maintain the functionality of internet data center buildings during earthquakes or recover immediately after earthquakes,which is referred to as seismic resilience.In this study,a seismic resilience assessment framework based on the Chinese code GB/T 38591-2020 is introduced first.The seismic damage and post-earthquake repair of both structural components and non-structural components are considered in the resilience assessment framework.A method for post-earthquake functionality loss quantification is proposed based on damage state and functionality loss of component.The subsystem level and system level functionality loss can be obtained by an integration principle.The seismic resilience of a typical internet data center building was evaluated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.To enhance the seismic resilience level,different disaster mitigation techniques including the energy dissipation technology using buckling restrained braces and the base-isolation technology using lead-rubber bearings are adopted.The seismic resilience is quantified and the corresponding seismic resilience curves under different earthquake intensities are developed based on evaluation results.
文摘Energy generation and consumption are the main aspects of social life due to the fact that modern people’s necessity for energy is a crucial ingredient for existence. Therefore, energy efficiency is regarded as the best economical approach to provide safer and affordable energy for both utilities and consumers, through the enhancement of energy security and reduction of energy emissions. One of the problems of cloud computing service providers is the high rise in the cost of energy, efficiency together with carbon emission with regards to the running of their internet data centres (IDCs). In order to mitigate these issues, smart micro-grid was found to be suitable in increasing the energy efficiency, sustainability together with the reliability of electrical services for the IDCs. Therefore, this paper presents idea on how smart micro-grids can bring down the disturbing cost of energy, carbon emission by the IDCs with some level of energy efficiency all in an effort to attain green cloud computing services from the service providers. In specific term, we aim at achieving green information and communication technology (ICT) in the field of cloud computing in relations to energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness and carbon emission reduction from cloud data center’s perspective.
基金This work was supported in part by the Support Project by the Ministry of Science and Technology of State Grid Corporation of China under Grant SGBJDK00KJJS1900085the World Bank China Renewable Energy Development Project Management Office.
文摘The development of cloud computing has accel-erated the worldwide growth of internet data centers(IDCs).While a large portion of the energy consumption generated by intense computation introduces greater operation expenditures to the IDC enterprises.To manage the overall costs and utilize resources to their fullest extent,this paper introduces the concept of spatio-temporal workload allocation among the geographically distributed IDCs within a cloud,with the guarantee of the workload completion time and the consideration of computing service delay penalties by introducing the cost of inconvenience.Apart from the effort of the workload migration,the spatio-temporal variance of the renewable energies in the data center microgrids(DMGs)is fully considered in this paper.What's more,as the power consumed by the IDCs are primarily converted into heat,the waste heat recovery process is embedded in each IDC to demonstrate the effectiveness of the repurposed heat,which can be used by the residential heating demand in the thermal system,for total cost reduction and energy usage efficiency in the whole operating system.Applying real-life data traces of the electricity price,renewable energies and heating demand,these extensive evaluations demonstrate that both spatial and temporal complementary attempts on the supply side and demand side,along with power and thermal complementary efforts,can significantly reduce the overall cost for the IDC enterprise.
文摘随着城市中高耗能互联网数据中心(internet data center,IDC)接入数量的不断增多,如何搭建科学合理的算电同互动调度模式,在满足IDC高可靠用电需求的前提下充分发挥其灵活可调特性,助力自身节能降耗与电网安全稳定运行,是当前社会各界重点关注的问题。然而,当前算电协同研究在刻画算力网络可调特性以及设计算电协同调度交易机制方面存在不足。为此,文章提出考虑负载时空转移特性的IDC集群算电协同优化调度方法。首先,提出计及设备运行耦合特性的IDC集群资源可调特性建模方法,系统刻画了工作负载、空调和储能3类灵活性资源的时空调节特性;然后,提出融合需求响应与调频服务的IDC集群参与电网协同调度模式。一方面,利用配电系统运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)实时下发的配电节点边际电价(distribution locational marginal price,DLMP)引导IDC集群聚合商(data center aggregator,DCA)制定集群内算力负载迁移策略;另一方面,聚合集群中IDC闲置备用储能容量参与电力系统调频交易,发挥储能双向快速调节效益;接着,构建DCA-DSO协同优化的双层模型。最后,算例分析表明所提方法在提升调频收益、降低购电成本及促进绿电消纳方面具有显著效果,验证了模型与方法的有效性和工程适用性。
文摘物联网(Internet of Things,IoT)技术是实现校园数据中心设备监控和管理的主要手段。数据中心设备检测方式过于传统、维护响应速度慢以及能耗管理不合理等问题,都会对数据中心的系统性运行产生一定影响。而基于物联网构建的智能监控系统,能够利用传感器实时采集数据,并通过大数据分析及人工智能等技术进行分析处理,将结果提供给运维人员作为参考。在此基础上,可对数据中心采取智能监控、远程运维、能耗优化以及故障预测等有效操作,进一步保障数据中心的正常运行。研究表明,基于物联网构建的智能监控系统,能够进一步提高数据中心运维管理效率,降低数据中心故障率及运维成本,达到节能降耗和提升安全性的效果。因此,采用物联网技术提高数据中心管理工作水平是必要的,也是当前智慧校园建设发展所需的解决方案之一。
文摘IP的语音传输(Voice over Internet Protocol,VoIP)技术是一种基于网络的语音技术,它可以将语音信号转换成数据流,并在互联网上传输。VoIP技术与Call Center的融合使用户在通话时能更加方便、快捷地使用互联网,节省时间和费用,实现语音信号与数据流的同时传输,提高通话质量和效率。同时,技术融合可以解决传统呼叫中心面临的一些挑战,如服务质量下降、成本上升等问题。
文摘随着人工智能对算力需求的激增,数据中心(internet data center,IDC)作为数据处理与存储的机构,其能耗需求远超预期,使用新能源是其可持续发展的需要。然而,可再生能源具有出力不确定性,仅依靠数据中心参与需求响应难以实现消纳,可配置储能提高系统灵活性。因此,本工作建立了以规划总成本最优为目标的数据中心与电池储能(battery energy storage,BES)协同规划两阶段鲁棒模型,为防止规划结果过于乐观,引入了储能寿命约束。同时针对在求解所建模型过程中,传统C&CG(column-and-constraint generation)算法存在难以平衡求解速度与精度间关系的问题,本工作提出了一种不精确列和生成约束算法i-C&CG(inexact column-and-constraint generation)进行求解。基于IEEE30节点与IEEE118节点算例系统进行优化解算,仿真结果表明,与仅配置单一储能相比,本工作所提模型储能年等效建设成本下降39785元,数据中心年等效建设成本下降289080元;且本工作所提算法与传统C&CG相比,采用0.18低精度下的i-C&CG,与采用0.16较高精度的C&CG相比较,i-C&CG最多可缩短3632 s的单次迭代求解所需时间,且最终计算结果的相对误差为0.46%,两者收敛间隙与相对最优间隙近似。
文摘在当前数字化时代,互联网数据中心(internet data center,IDC)(以下简称“数据中心”)作为大型的电力消耗者已经成为电力网络中的重要组成部分。首先采用数据中心余热回收技术建立了数据中心等值热参数模型,并将其融入到微能源网中以实现冷热电多能互补。其次对数据中心运行过程中所需制冷量与余热之间的复杂关系进行了深入分析,采用溴化锂吸收式制冷机和电制冷机来满足数据中心的冷负荷需求。为了更有效地应对批处理负荷在时间维度上的变化特性,制定了高度灵活的数据负荷分配策略,并建立了双层规划模型。使用场景削减的典型日选择方法以应对源荷不确定性,并引入基于Tent映射的灰狼优化算法(Tent mapping grey wolf optimization algorithm,TMGWO)和CPLEX进行联合求解。最后,通过对某含数据中心的微能源网系统进行仿真分析,数值计算结果表明所提出的方法能够有效提高系统的经济性和环保性。
文摘随着云计算技术的快速发展,传统通信互联网数据中心(Internet Data Center,IDC)机房供电系统已难以满足其高可靠性、高效率、灵活性的需求。文章针对云计算数据中心的特点,提出了一种创新的通信IDC机房供电电源系统设计方案。该方案包括主供电、备用电源和不间断电源(Uninterruptible Power Supply,UPS)3个模块,并在相应模块中集成了智能配电管理系统、云平台能量管理系统、智能UPS能效管理系统。该研究为云计算数据中心的稳定运行和可持续发展提供了有力支撑。
文摘为了提升数据中心电源管理系统的响应速度与能效管理水平,以某互联网数据中心(Internet Data Center,IDC)机房改造项目为例,设计并实现了一套融合5G的智能IDC电源管理系统。通过构建感知层、网络层、平台层和应用层的分层架构,结合边缘计算与微服务技术,系统实现了能耗数据采集时间粒度、控制响应时延、平均故障发现时间、应急负载切换时间的大幅度缩短,同时在故障预警、应急调度等方面展现出显著优势。研究结果表明,该系统有效提升了电源管理的智能化、精细化与实时化水平,为绿色数据中心建设提供了可行路径。
文摘全生命周期管理是现代工程技术领域中的重要管控理念。互联网数据中心(Internet Data Center,IDC)通信机房为数据与网络的核心枢纽,在进行机电安装时涉及供配电、环境控制、安全与布线等多系统的协同。基于此,分析全生命周期视角下IDC通信机房机电安装面临的复杂问题,研究电力系统安装与监控、环境控制系统安装、安全与网络系统安装、综合布线与设备布局的具体方法,并结合实际案例开展实证分析,旨在形成覆盖全流程的机电安装技术框架,为机房运行节能化和稳定化提供参考。
