Deep-time Earth research plays a pivotal role in deciphering the rates,patterns,and mechanisms of Earth's evolutionary processes throughout geological history,providing essential scientific foundations for climate...Deep-time Earth research plays a pivotal role in deciphering the rates,patterns,and mechanisms of Earth's evolutionary processes throughout geological history,providing essential scientific foundations for climate prediction,natural resource exploration,and sustainable planetary stewardship.To advance Deep-time Earth research in the era of big data and artificial intelligence,the International Union of Geological Sciences initiated the“Deeptime Digital Earth International Big Science Program”(DDE)in 2019.At the core of this ambitious program lies the development of geoscience knowledge graphs,serving as a transformative knowledge infrastructure that enables the integration,sharing,mining,and analysis of heterogeneous geoscience big data.The DDE knowledge graph initiative has made significant strides in three critical dimensions:(1)establishing a unified knowledge structure across geoscience disciplines that ensures consistent representation of geological entities and their interrelationships through standardized ontologies and semantic frameworks;(2)developing a robust and scalable software infrastructure capable of supporting both expert-driven and machine-assisted knowledge engineering for large-scale graph construction and management;(3)implementing a comprehensive three-tiered architecture encompassing basic,discipline-specific,and application-oriented knowledge graphs,spanning approximately 20 geoscience disciplines.Through its open knowledge framework and international collaborative network,this initiative has fostered multinational research collaborations,establishing a robust foundation for next-generation geoscience research while propelling the discipline toward FAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)data practices in deep-time Earth systems research.展开更多
Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards loca...Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards located along the belt and road bring great challenges to the success of BRI. In this framework, a 5-year international program was launched to address issues related to hazards assessment and disaster risk reduction(DRR). The first workshop of this program was held in Beijing with international experts from over 15 countries. Risk conditions on Belt and Road Countries(BRCs) have been shared and science and technology advancements on DRR have been disseminated during the workshop. Under this program, six task forces have been setup to carry out collaborative research works and three prioritized study areas have been established. This workshop announced the launching of this program which involved partners from different countries including Pakistan, Nepal, Russia, Italy, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka and Tajikistan. The program adopted the objectives of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and United Nation Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and was implemented to assess disaster risk in BRCs and to propose suitable measures for disaster control which can be appropriate both for an individual country and for specific sites. This paper deals with the outcomes of the workshop and points out opportunities for the near future international cooperation on this matter.展开更多
The Earth is buffered from the ferocious onslaught of the solar wind by a thin layer of matter known as the atmosphere and geospace.This layer absorbs energy from irradiance and outburst from the Sun,as well as from d...The Earth is buffered from the ferocious onslaught of the solar wind by a thin layer of matter known as the atmosphere and geospace.This layer absorbs energy from irradiance and outburst from the Sun,as well as from disasters,transient phenomena and anthropogenic emissions originated from Earth.Through complicated physics,the absorbed energy changes the atmospheric and geospace state and sometimes gets re-released to power extreme events such as space weather.Taking place globally,these complicated processes cannot be understood unless they are studied globally.The Chinese scientists have proposed the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP)to meet this demand.By operating nearly 1000 instruments encompassing all latitudes along with the 120°E–60°W longitudes,IMCP aims,for the first time,to construct comprehensive 3D data representation of the atmosphere and geospace on a global scale and empower interdisciplinary research to tackle key questions related to Earth’s environment and climate change.展开更多
Developing countries face a number of unique problems related to the hazards of chemicals. The WHO International Program on Chemical Safety may play a useful role by working jointly with Member Nations and such intern...Developing countries face a number of unique problems related to the hazards of chemicals. The WHO International Program on Chemical Safety may play a useful role by working jointly with Member Nations and such international organizations as FAO, UNEP. and ILO. (c)1990 Academic Press. Inc.展开更多
Based on the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP),the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP)aims to coordinate the deployment of a comprehensive ground-based monitoring network along the 120°E-60°W Great Merid...Based on the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP),the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP)aims to coordinate the deployment of a comprehensive ground-based monitoring network along the 120°E-60°W Great Meridian Circle to track the propagation and evolution of space weather events from the Sun to the Earth,as well as the imprints of other major natural and anthropic hazards on the ionosphere,the middle and upper atmosphere.Currently,we have completed the IMCP headquarters building in Beijing and established the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather in cooperation with Brazil.Meanwhile,the Chinese Meridian Project PhaseⅡand different components of the IMCP observation system are under construction.展开更多
In 2024,the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP)completed its construction,deploying 282 instruments across 31 stations.This achievement not only provides a robust foundation but also serves as a reference template for the I...In 2024,the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP)completed its construction,deploying 282 instruments across 31 stations.This achievement not only provides a robust foundation but also serves as a reference template for the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP).The IMCP aims to integrate and establish a comprehensive network of ground-based monitoring stations designed to track the propagation of space weather events from the Sun to Earth.Additionally,it monitors various disturbances generated within the Earth system that impact geospace.Over the past two years,significant progress has been made on the IMCP.In particular,the second phase of construction for the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather has been completed,and the North Pole and Southeast Asia networks are under active construction.The 2024 IMCP joint observation campaign was successfully conducted.To facilitate these developments,the scientific program committee of IMCP was established,following the success of 2023 IMCP workshop and the space weather school,which was co-hosted with the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization(APSCO)and sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics(SCOSTEP).Preparations are now underway for the 2024 workshop in collaboration with the National Institute for Space Research(INPE)in Brazil.展开更多
Many high schools in the northeastern United States have suffered from declining enrollment due to a declining population of school-age children in the region.Administrators,counselors and teachers perceive many impac...Many high schools in the northeastern United States have suffered from declining enrollment due to a declining population of school-age children in the region.Administrators,counselors and teachers perceive many impacts of the implementation of an international student program at a rural high school.This qualitative case study reveals that the rural high school’s unique nature impacts international student programs,international students influence both school culture and programming,and international students suffer from isolation.School leaders would benefit from considerations in the form of professional development both prior to implementation of an international student program and ongoing throughout its duration.It is important for schools to find ways to respectfully honor student cultures and optimize learning experiences.School leaders would be wise to determine desired size of international student programs and make efforts accordingly to achieve that size for optimal effectiveness for the benefit of both host and international students.Implications and recommendations for future research include further exploration of the perceived experiences of European and Chinese international students,understanding the unique nature of rural high schools and international student experiences,and examination of school practices.展开更多
Supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, the East Asia regional meeting of the international program on rice biotechnology was held in CNRRI Nov 5—8 1996. About 76 delegates from home and abroad attended the meeting ...Supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, the East Asia regional meeting of the international program on rice biotechnology was held in CNRRI Nov 5—8 1996. About 76 delegates from home and abroad attended the meeting and more than 80 papers were presented or posted. The objective of the meeting was to review the status of rice biotechnology since 1995 and to promote the international collaborative activities. The topic involved anther culture, gene isolation and characterization, transfer and expression of foreign genes, etc.展开更多
In today's global society,people from multiple cultural backgrounds often communicate with foreign friends on a daily basis,making it increasingly important to respect and understand cultural differences.For examp...In today's global society,people from multiple cultural backgrounds often communicate with foreign friends on a daily basis,making it increasingly important to respect and understand cultural differences.For example,students who join international exchange programs may find that simple gestures considered polite in one culture,such as bowing or handshakes,might be impolite or confusing in another.展开更多
When repairing nerves with adhesives, most researchers place glue directly on the nerve stumps, but this method does not fix the nerve ends well and allows glue to easily invade the nerve ends. In this study, we estab...When repairing nerves with adhesives, most researchers place glue directly on the nerve stumps, but this method does not fix the nerve ends well and allows glue to easily invade the nerve ends. In this study, we established a rat model of completely transected sciatic nerve injury and re- paired it using a modified 1 cm-length conduit with inner diameter of 1.5 mm. Each end of the cylindrical conduit contains a short linear channel, while the enclosed central tube protects the nerve ends well Nerves were repaired with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate and suture, which complement the function of the modified conduit. The results demonstrated that for the same conduit, the av- erage operation time using the adhesive method was much shorter than with the suture method. No significant differences were found between the two groups in sciatic function index, motor evoked potential latency, motor evoked potential amplitude, muscular recovery rate, number of medullated nerve fibers, axon diameter, or medullary sheath thickness. Thus, the adhesive method for repairing nerves using a modified conduit is feasible and effective, and reduces the operation time while providing an equivalent repair effect.展开更多
Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development (EE&ESD) have been widely accepted as an effective educational method to contribute to capacity development and processes of change in developing c...Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development (EE&ESD) have been widely accepted as an effective educational method to contribute to capacity development and processes of change in developing countries. This paper takes SIDA supported EE&ESD in formal educationadvanced international training program, China as an example. By analyzing and reflecting its orientation, implementation, outcomes and evaluation, experiences and lessons learned are expected to help improve the sorts of international cooperation capacity building programs both from international and also Chinese perspectives.展开更多
The two topics of the article seem to have absolutely nothing to do with each other and,as can be expected in a contribution in honor and memory of Prof.Fritz Ackermann,they are linked in his person.Vision-based Navig...The two topics of the article seem to have absolutely nothing to do with each other and,as can be expected in a contribution in honor and memory of Prof.Fritz Ackermann,they are linked in his person.Vision-based Navigation was the focus of the doctoral thesis written by the author,the 29th and last PhD thesis supervised by Prof.Ackermann.The International Master’s Program Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics,which the author established with colleagues at Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences(HfT Stuttgart)in 1999,was a consequence of Prof.Ackermann’s benevolent promotion of international knowledge transfer in teaching.Both topics are reflected in this article;they provide further splashes of color in Prof.Ackermann’s oeuvre.展开更多
In Chile, the study of international relations is very limited both in the number of programs and in its scope. Furthermore, it is still a country where international relations are under the umbrella of political scie...In Chile, the study of international relations is very limited both in the number of programs and in its scope. Furthermore, it is still a country where international relations are under the umbrella of political science and political science itself is heavily influenced by the study of the law. This paper looks at the development of international relations both as a tool for training diplomats and as a topic of study within political science in Chile. It does so within the framework of the social sciences. Using interviews as a complimentary tool of research, it concludes that, along with a marked influence of economics in the study of social sciences in Chile, the country＇s political and social history has shaped the advent of social sciences at the undergraduate level and has dwarfed the growth and contents of both political science and international studies, in spite of the country＇s successful embrace of globalization.展开更多
Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures,space systems and space flight:solar activity,earthquakes,atmospheric...Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures,space systems and space flight:solar activity,earthquakes,atmospheric and climatic disturbances,changes in the geomagnetic field,fluctuations of the global electric circuit.Monitoring and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21st century.Though diverse,these hazards share one feature in common:they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment:its ionosphere,middle and upper atmosphere(IMUA).The objective of the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP),a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences(CAS),is to deploy,integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these imprints.In this article,we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E-60°W great meridian circle,which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations,possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E-150°W meridians to capture longitude variations.Then,starting from the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP)network and using it as a template,we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E-60°W great circle running across China,Australia and the Americas.展开更多
Purpose:The Canadian university where this study took place has established an international exchange program in teacher education with a large Chinese university.This study was designed to examine how the internation...Purpose:The Canadian university where this study took place has established an international exchange program in teacher education with a large Chinese university.This study was designed to examine how the international exchange program influenced Chinese science teacher candidates'understanding of science education and how such learning impacted their teaching in China.Design/Approach/Methods:The study adopted a qualitative research design with interview and reflective journal as the main approaches for data collection.Findings:Participants greatly appreciated the opportunity of exchange.They reported an improved understanding of Canadian school education and its science curriculum and pedagogy,which changed many aspects of their original values about the relationship between the teacher and students,classroom environment,and so on.Although they faced many constraints to implement what they learned from the exchange in Chinese science classrooms,what they learned had never been forgotten.Participants tried to apply them here and there at the level they could control.Originality/Value:There are many reported studies in the literature about Chinese international students on Western campuses.However,research on Chinese students who participate in international exchange programs is very rare.The findings of this study can inform policymakers and education practitioners about student international exchange programs and benefit future exchange participants.展开更多
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDB0740000National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFB3904200,No.2022YFF0711601+1 种基金Key Project of Innovation LREIS,No.PI009National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42471503。
文摘Deep-time Earth research plays a pivotal role in deciphering the rates,patterns,and mechanisms of Earth's evolutionary processes throughout geological history,providing essential scientific foundations for climate prediction,natural resource exploration,and sustainable planetary stewardship.To advance Deep-time Earth research in the era of big data and artificial intelligence,the International Union of Geological Sciences initiated the“Deeptime Digital Earth International Big Science Program”(DDE)in 2019.At the core of this ambitious program lies the development of geoscience knowledge graphs,serving as a transformative knowledge infrastructure that enables the integration,sharing,mining,and analysis of heterogeneous geoscience big data.The DDE knowledge graph initiative has made significant strides in three critical dimensions:(1)establishing a unified knowledge structure across geoscience disciplines that ensures consistent representation of geological entities and their interrelationships through standardized ontologies and semantic frameworks;(2)developing a robust and scalable software infrastructure capable of supporting both expert-driven and machine-assisted knowledge engineering for large-scale graph construction and management;(3)implementing a comprehensive three-tiered architecture encompassing basic,discipline-specific,and application-oriented knowledge graphs,spanning approximately 20 geoscience disciplines.Through its open knowledge framework and international collaborative network,this initiative has fostered multinational research collaborations,establishing a robust foundation for next-generation geoscience research while propelling the discipline toward FAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)data practices in deep-time Earth systems research.
基金supported by the International partnership program (Grant No.131551KYSB20160002)National Natural Science Foundation Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project (Grant No.41520104002)Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Science (Grant No.KFJSTS-ZDTP-015)
文摘Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards located along the belt and road bring great challenges to the success of BRI. In this framework, a 5-year international program was launched to address issues related to hazards assessment and disaster risk reduction(DRR). The first workshop of this program was held in Beijing with international experts from over 15 countries. Risk conditions on Belt and Road Countries(BRCs) have been shared and science and technology advancements on DRR have been disseminated during the workshop. Under this program, six task forces have been setup to carry out collaborative research works and three prioritized study areas have been established. This workshop announced the launching of this program which involved partners from different countries including Pakistan, Nepal, Russia, Italy, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka and Tajikistan. The program adopted the objectives of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and United Nation Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and was implemented to assess disaster risk in BRCs and to propose suitable measures for disaster control which can be appropriate both for an individual country and for specific sites. This paper deals with the outcomes of the workshop and points out opportunities for the near future international cooperation on this matter.
基金Supported by Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z181100002918001)。
文摘The Earth is buffered from the ferocious onslaught of the solar wind by a thin layer of matter known as the atmosphere and geospace.This layer absorbs energy from irradiance and outburst from the Sun,as well as from disasters,transient phenomena and anthropogenic emissions originated from Earth.Through complicated physics,the absorbed energy changes the atmospheric and geospace state and sometimes gets re-released to power extreme events such as space weather.Taking place globally,these complicated processes cannot be understood unless they are studied globally.The Chinese scientists have proposed the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP)to meet this demand.By operating nearly 1000 instruments encompassing all latitudes along with the 120°E–60°W longitudes,IMCP aims,for the first time,to construct comprehensive 3D data representation of the atmosphere and geospace on a global scale and empower interdisciplinary research to tackle key questions related to Earth’s environment and climate change.
文摘Developing countries face a number of unique problems related to the hazards of chemicals. The WHO International Program on Chemical Safety may play a useful role by working jointly with Member Nations and such international organizations as FAO, UNEP. and ILO. (c)1990 Academic Press. Inc.
基金Supported by the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(183311KYSB20200003)。
文摘Based on the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP),the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP)aims to coordinate the deployment of a comprehensive ground-based monitoring network along the 120°E-60°W Great Meridian Circle to track the propagation and evolution of space weather events from the Sun to the Earth,as well as the imprints of other major natural and anthropic hazards on the ionosphere,the middle and upper atmosphere.Currently,we have completed the IMCP headquarters building in Beijing and established the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather in cooperation with Brazil.Meanwhile,the Chinese Meridian Project PhaseⅡand different components of the IMCP observation system are under construction.
基金Supported by International Meridian Circle Program Headquarters,China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather(Y42347A99S)。
文摘In 2024,the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP)completed its construction,deploying 282 instruments across 31 stations.This achievement not only provides a robust foundation but also serves as a reference template for the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP).The IMCP aims to integrate and establish a comprehensive network of ground-based monitoring stations designed to track the propagation of space weather events from the Sun to Earth.Additionally,it monitors various disturbances generated within the Earth system that impact geospace.Over the past two years,significant progress has been made on the IMCP.In particular,the second phase of construction for the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather has been completed,and the North Pole and Southeast Asia networks are under active construction.The 2024 IMCP joint observation campaign was successfully conducted.To facilitate these developments,the scientific program committee of IMCP was established,following the success of 2023 IMCP workshop and the space weather school,which was co-hosted with the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization(APSCO)and sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics(SCOSTEP).Preparations are now underway for the 2024 workshop in collaboration with the National Institute for Space Research(INPE)in Brazil.
文摘Many high schools in the northeastern United States have suffered from declining enrollment due to a declining population of school-age children in the region.Administrators,counselors and teachers perceive many impacts of the implementation of an international student program at a rural high school.This qualitative case study reveals that the rural high school’s unique nature impacts international student programs,international students influence both school culture and programming,and international students suffer from isolation.School leaders would benefit from considerations in the form of professional development both prior to implementation of an international student program and ongoing throughout its duration.It is important for schools to find ways to respectfully honor student cultures and optimize learning experiences.School leaders would be wise to determine desired size of international student programs and make efforts accordingly to achieve that size for optimal effectiveness for the benefit of both host and international students.Implications and recommendations for future research include further exploration of the perceived experiences of European and Chinese international students,understanding the unique nature of rural high schools and international student experiences,and examination of school practices.
文摘Supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, the East Asia regional meeting of the international program on rice biotechnology was held in CNRRI Nov 5—8 1996. About 76 delegates from home and abroad attended the meeting and more than 80 papers were presented or posted. The objective of the meeting was to review the status of rice biotechnology since 1995 and to promote the international collaborative activities. The topic involved anther culture, gene isolation and characterization, transfer and expression of foreign genes, etc.
文摘In today's global society,people from multiple cultural backgrounds often communicate with foreign friends on a daily basis,making it increasingly important to respect and understand cultural differences.For example,students who join international exchange programs may find that simple gestures considered polite in one culture,such as bowing or handshakes,might be impolite or confusing in another.
基金supported by the International Technology Cooperation Program,No.S2014ZR0393
文摘When repairing nerves with adhesives, most researchers place glue directly on the nerve stumps, but this method does not fix the nerve ends well and allows glue to easily invade the nerve ends. In this study, we established a rat model of completely transected sciatic nerve injury and re- paired it using a modified 1 cm-length conduit with inner diameter of 1.5 mm. Each end of the cylindrical conduit contains a short linear channel, while the enclosed central tube protects the nerve ends well Nerves were repaired with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate and suture, which complement the function of the modified conduit. The results demonstrated that for the same conduit, the av- erage operation time using the adhesive method was much shorter than with the suture method. No significant differences were found between the two groups in sciatic function index, motor evoked potential latency, motor evoked potential amplitude, muscular recovery rate, number of medullated nerve fibers, axon diameter, or medullary sheath thickness. Thus, the adhesive method for repairing nerves using a modified conduit is feasible and effective, and reduces the operation time while providing an equivalent repair effect.
文摘Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development (EE&ESD) have been widely accepted as an effective educational method to contribute to capacity development and processes of change in developing countries. This paper takes SIDA supported EE&ESD in formal educationadvanced international training program, China as an example. By analyzing and reflecting its orientation, implementation, outcomes and evaluation, experiences and lessons learned are expected to help improve the sorts of international cooperation capacity building programs both from international and also Chinese perspectives.
文摘The two topics of the article seem to have absolutely nothing to do with each other and,as can be expected in a contribution in honor and memory of Prof.Fritz Ackermann,they are linked in his person.Vision-based Navigation was the focus of the doctoral thesis written by the author,the 29th and last PhD thesis supervised by Prof.Ackermann.The International Master’s Program Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics,which the author established with colleagues at Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences(HfT Stuttgart)in 1999,was a consequence of Prof.Ackermann’s benevolent promotion of international knowledge transfer in teaching.Both topics are reflected in this article;they provide further splashes of color in Prof.Ackermann’s oeuvre.
文摘In Chile, the study of international relations is very limited both in the number of programs and in its scope. Furthermore, it is still a country where international relations are under the umbrella of political science and political science itself is heavily influenced by the study of the law. This paper looks at the development of international relations both as a tool for training diplomats and as a topic of study within political science in Chile. It does so within the framework of the social sciences. Using interviews as a complimentary tool of research, it concludes that, along with a marked influence of economics in the study of social sciences in Chile, the country＇s political and social history has shaped the advent of social sciences at the undergraduate level and has dwarfed the growth and contents of both political science and international studies, in spite of the country＇s successful embrace of globalization.
基金This work was supported by the International PartnershipProgram of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.183311KYSB20200003)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.Z181100002918001).
文摘Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures,space systems and space flight:solar activity,earthquakes,atmospheric and climatic disturbances,changes in the geomagnetic field,fluctuations of the global electric circuit.Monitoring and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21st century.Though diverse,these hazards share one feature in common:they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment:its ionosphere,middle and upper atmosphere(IMUA).The objective of the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP),a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences(CAS),is to deploy,integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these imprints.In this article,we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E-60°W great meridian circle,which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations,possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E-150°W meridians to capture longitude variations.Then,starting from the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP)network and using it as a template,we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E-60°W great circle running across China,Australia and the Americas.
基金The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research,authorship,and/or publication of this article:We gratefully acknowledge the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada(SSHRC)for its financial support of Canada-China partnership grant program on reciprocal learning in teacher education and school education(No.895-2012-1011).
文摘Purpose:The Canadian university where this study took place has established an international exchange program in teacher education with a large Chinese university.This study was designed to examine how the international exchange program influenced Chinese science teacher candidates'understanding of science education and how such learning impacted their teaching in China.Design/Approach/Methods:The study adopted a qualitative research design with interview and reflective journal as the main approaches for data collection.Findings:Participants greatly appreciated the opportunity of exchange.They reported an improved understanding of Canadian school education and its science curriculum and pedagogy,which changed many aspects of their original values about the relationship between the teacher and students,classroom environment,and so on.Although they faced many constraints to implement what they learned from the exchange in Chinese science classrooms,what they learned had never been forgotten.Participants tried to apply them here and there at the level they could control.Originality/Value:There are many reported studies in the literature about Chinese international students on Western campuses.However,research on Chinese students who participate in international exchange programs is very rare.The findings of this study can inform policymakers and education practitioners about student international exchange programs and benefit future exchange participants.
