Intermediate filaments(IFs)in human cells are the products of six distinct gene families,all sharing homology in a core rod domain.These IFs assemble into non-polar polymers,providing cytoplasmic and nuclear mechanica...Intermediate filaments(IFs)in human cells are the products of six distinct gene families,all sharing homology in a core rod domain.These IFs assemble into non-polar polymers,providing cytoplasmic and nuclear mechanical support.Recent research has revealed the active and dynamic properties of IFs and their binding partners.This regulation extends beyond cell mechanics to include migration,mechanotransduction,and tumor growth.Therefore,this comprehensive review aims to catalog all human IF genes and IF-associated proteins(IFAPs),detailing their names,sizes,functions,associated human diseases,relevant literature,and links to resources like UniProt and the Protein Atlas database.These links provide access to additional information such as protein structure,subcellular localization,disease-causing mutations,and pathology.Using this catalog,we will provide an overview of the current understanding of the biological functions of IFs and IFAPs.This overview is crucial for identifying gaps in their characterization and understanding IF-mediated mechanotransduction.Additionally,we will consider potential future research directions.展开更多
A series of true triaxial unloading tests are conducted on sandstone specimens with a single structural plane to investigate their mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics under different in situ stress states...A series of true triaxial unloading tests are conducted on sandstone specimens with a single structural plane to investigate their mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics under different in situ stress states.The experimental results indicate that the dip angle of structural plane(θ)and the intermediate principal stress(σ2)have an important influence on the peak strength,cracking mode,and rockburst severity.The peak strength exhibits a first increase and then decrease as a function ofσ2 for a constantθ.However,whenσ2 is constant,the maximum peak strength is obtained atθof 90°,and the minimum peak strength is obtained atθof 30°or 45°.For the case of an inclined structural plane,the crack type at the tips of structural plane transforms from a mix of wing and anti-wing cracks to wing cracks with an increase inσ2,while the crack type around the tips of structural plane is always anti-wing cracks for the vertical structural plane,accompanied by a series of tensile cracks besides.The specimens with structural plane do not undergo slabbing failure regardless ofθ,and always exhibit composite tensile-shear failure whatever theσ2 value is.With an increase inσ2 andθ,the intensity of the rockburst is consistent with the tendency of the peak strength.By analyzing the relationship between the cohesion(c),internal friction angle(φ),andθin sandstone specimens,we incorporateθinto the true triaxial unloading strength criterion,and propose a modified linear Mogi-Coulomb criterion.Moreover,the crack propagation mechanism at the tips of structural plane,and closure degree of the structural plane under true triaxial unloading conditions are also discussed and summarized.This study provides theoretical guidance for stability assessment of surrounding rocks containing geological structures in deep complex stress environments.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetes and its associated microvascular complications,such as nephropathy and retinopathy,significantly impact global health.These complications often begin in the prediabetic stage,emphasizing the import...BACKGROUND Diabetes and its associated microvascular complications,such as nephropathy and retinopathy,significantly impact global health.These complications often begin in the prediabetic stage,emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention.Inflammatory pathways are key contributors to these conditions,and recent research has identified members of the tumor necrosis factor(TNF)receptor superfamily as potential biomarkers.However,their association with renal and retinal dysfunction in individuals with intermediate hyperglycemia(IH)remains underexplored.The Early Prevention of Diabetes Complications(ePREDICE)trial provides a valuable cohort to investigate these associations and improve risk assessment strategies.AIM To identify inflammatory biomarkers associated with early renal and retinal dysfunction in individuals with IH.Specifically,we evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of TNF receptor superfamily members[TNF receptor 1(TNF-R1),TNF receptor 2(TNF-R2)],T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3(TIM-3)/HAVCR2,galectin-3,and interleukin-6(IL-6)in detecting kidney dysfunction and retinopathy in this high-risk population.By understanding their roles,we seek to enhance early screening methods and inform personalized intervention strategies.METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 967 individuals with IH from the ePREDICE trial was conducted.Participants underwent comprehensive anthropometric and biochemical assessments.Key inflammatory biomarkers,including TNF-R1,TNF-R2,TIM-3/HAVCR2,galectin-3,and IL-6,were quantified using immunoassays.Renal function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)and albuminuria,while retinopathy was evaluated through fundoscopic examination.Statistical analyses included adjusted mean comparisons,correlation studies,and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to assess biomarker diagnostic accuracy.RESULTS TNF-R1,TNF-R2,and TIM-3/HAVCR2 were significantly associated with reduced filtration function(eGFR<60 mL/minute/1.73 m^(2))and albuminuria,with area under the curve(AUC)values between 0.815 and 0.845.TIM-3/HAVCR2 emerged as the strongest predictor of retinopathy(AUC=0.737).Strong correlations(r>0.75)were observed among TNF-R1,TNF-R2,and TIM-3/HAVCR2,suggesting a coordinated role in inflammatory pathways.CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the potential of TNF receptor superfamily members as biomarkers for early-stage renal and retinal complications in individuals with IH.Their integration into clinical screening protocols could facilitate earlier detection,improving patient stratification and personalized management strategies.Further longitudinal studies are necessary to validate their predictive value and potential for guiding therapeutic interventions in IH and early diabetes management.展开更多
The deformation of Cu–20 wt.%Fe alloy wires leads to a significant improvement in mechanical properties and a decrease in electrical conductivity.Simultaneous improvements in strength and conductivity were achieved b...The deformation of Cu–20 wt.%Fe alloy wires leads to a significant improvement in mechanical properties and a decrease in electrical conductivity.Simultaneous improvements in strength and conductivity were achieved by intermediate annealing of drawn Cu–20 wt.%Fe wires.As the annealing temperature increased,the strength of Cu–20 wt.%Fe alloy wire decreased monotonically,but the electrical conductivity first increased and then decreased,reaching its peak value after annealing at 500℃.The decrease in strength is related to dislocation recovery and static recrystallization of Cu and Fe phases,and the increase in electrical conductivity mainly results from the aging precipitation of solid solution Fe.After annealing at 500℃,there was no obvious recrystallization of Cu phase,and many of the nano-Fe particles precipitated from Cu matrix.An annealing temperature of 600℃ induced the recrystallization of Cu matrix and an increase in Fe solid solubility,resulting in a decrease in strength and electrical conductivity.Subsequently,the wires annealed at 500℃ were drawn to 2 mm.Compared with those of the continuously drawn Cu–20 wt.%Fe alloy wires,the deformation ability,strength,and electrical conductivity of Cu–20 wt.%Fe alloy wires subjected to intermediate annealing treatment are significantly greater.This is mainly related to the sufficient precipitation of Fe in Cu matrix and the strengthening of refined Fe fibers parallel to the drawing direction.展开更多
Quasi-solid-state electrolytes,which integrate the safety characteristics of inorganic materials,the flexibility of polymers,and the high ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes,represent a transitional solution for...Quasi-solid-state electrolytes,which integrate the safety characteristics of inorganic materials,the flexibility of polymers,and the high ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes,represent a transitional solution for high-energy-density lithium batteries.However,the mechanisms by which inorganic fillers enhance multiphase interfacial conduction remain inadequately understood.In this work,we synthesized composite quasi-solid-state electrolytes with high inorganic content to investigate interfacial phenomena and achieve enhanced electrode interface stability.Li_(1.3)Al_(0.3)Ti_(1.7)(PO_(4))_(3)particles,through surface anion anchoring,improve Li^(+)transference numbers and facilitate partial dissociation of solvated Li^(+)structures,resulting in superior ion transport kinetics that achieve an ionic conductivity of 0.51 mS cm^(−1)at room temperature.The high mass fraction of inorganic components additionally promotes the formation of more stable interfacial layers,enabling lithium-symmetric cells to operate without short-circuiting for 6000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2).Furthermore,this system demonstrates exceptional stability in 5 V-class lithium metal full cells,maintaining 80.5%capacity retention over 200 cycles at 0.5C.These findings guide the role of inorganic interfaces in composite electrolytes and demonstrate their potential for advancing high-voltage lithium battery technology.展开更多
Fracture(fault)reactivation can lead to dynamic geological hazards including earthquakes,rock collapses,landslides,and rock bursts.True triaxial compression tests were conducted to analyze the fracture reactivation pr...Fracture(fault)reactivation can lead to dynamic geological hazards including earthquakes,rock collapses,landslides,and rock bursts.True triaxial compression tests were conducted to analyze the fracture reactivation process under two different orientations of σ_(2),i.e.σ_(2) parallel to the fracture plane(Scheme 2)and σ_(2) cutting through the fracture plane(Scheme 3),under varying σ_(3) from 10 MPa to 40 MPa.The peak or fracture reactivation strength,deformation,failure mode,and post-peak mechanical behavior of intact(Scheme 1)and pre-fractured(Schemes 2 and 3)specimens were also compared.Results show that for intact specimens,the stress remains nearly constant in the residual sliding stage with no stick-slip,and the newly formed fracture surface only propagates along the σ_(2) direction when σ_(3) ranges from 10 MPa to 30 MPa,while it extends along both σ_(2) and σ_(3) directions when σ_(3) increases to 40 MPa;for the pre-fractured specimens,the fractures are usually reactivated under all the σ_(3) levels in Scheme 2,but fracture reactivation only occurs when σ_(3) is greater than 25 MPa in Scheme 3,below which new faulting traversing the original macro fracture occurs.In all the test schemes,both ε_(2) and ε_(3) experience an accumulative process of elongation,after which an abrupt change occurs at the point of the final failure;the degree of this change is dependent on the orientation of the new faulting or the slip direction of the original fracture,and it is generally more than 10 times larger in the slip direction of the original fracture than in the non-slip direction.Besides,the differential stress(peak stress)required for reactivation and the post-peak stress drop increase with increasing σ_(3).Post-peak stress drop and residual strength in Scheme 3 are generally greater than those in Scheme 2 at the same σ_(3) value.Our study clearly shows that intermediate principal stress orientation not only affects the fracture reactivation strength but also influences the slip deformation and failure modes.These new findings facilitate the mitigation of dynamic geological hazards associated with fracture and fault slip.展开更多
Addressing inadequate OH^(*)adsorption in Ru Co alloy catalysts is crucial for boosting intermediate coverage and redirecting the water-splitting pathway.Herein,the adaptive P sites were strategically incorporated to ...Addressing inadequate OH^(*)adsorption in Ru Co alloy catalysts is crucial for boosting intermediate coverage and redirecting the water-splitting pathway.Herein,the adaptive P sites were strategically incorporated to overcome the aforementioned challenge.The P sites,as potent OH^(*)adsorption centers,synergize with Co sites to promote water dissociation and enrich surrounding Ru sites with H*intermediates,thus triggering the Volmer-Tafel route for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Besides,during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),the surface of P-Ru Co was reconstructed into Ru-doped Co OOH with anchored PO_(4)^(3-).These PO_(4)^(3-)not only circumvent the intrinsic OH^(*)adsorption limitations of Ru-Co OOH in the adsorbate evolution mechanism(AEM)by rerouting to a more expeditious lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism(LOM)but also improve the coverage of key oxygen-containing intermediates,significantly accelerating OER kinetics.Consequently,the P-Ru Co demonstrates exceptional bifunctional performance,with overpotentials of 29 m V for HER and 222 m V for OER at 10 m A cm^(-2).Remarkably,the mass activities of PRu Co for HER(5.48 A mg^(-1))and OER(2.13 A mg^(-1))are 6.2 and 11.2 times higher than those of its commercial counterparts(Ru/C for HER and RuO_(2)for OER),respectively.When integrated into an anionexchange-membrane electrolyzer,this catalyst achieves ampere-level current densities of 1.32 A cm^(-2)for water electrolysis and 1.23 A cm^(-2)for seawater electrolysis at 2.1 V,with a 500-h durability.展开更多
Background:Intermediate-risk prostate cancer(IR-PC)represents a heterogeneous group requiring nuanced treatment approaches,and recent advancements in radiotherapy(RT),androgen deprivation therapy(ADT),and prostatespec...Background:Intermediate-risk prostate cancer(IR-PC)represents a heterogeneous group requiring nuanced treatment approaches,and recent advancements in radiotherapy(RT),androgen deprivation therapy(ADT),and prostatespecific membrane antigen positron emission tomography(PSMA-PET/CT)imaging have prompted growing interest in personalized,risk-adapted management strategies.This study by the Turkish Society for Radiation Oncology aims to examine radiation oncologists’practices in managing IR-PC,focusing on RT and imaging modalities to identify trends for personalized treatments.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Turkish radiation oncologists treating at least 50 prostate cancer(PC)cases annually.The 22-item questionnaire covered IR-PC management aspects such as risk stratification,imaging preferences,androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)use and duration,RT techniques,and treatment combinations.Anonymous responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:Thirty radiation oncologists participated,57%with over 20 years of experience.The median annual number of PC cases treated was 130.For risk stratification,43% followed the National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)guidelines,while 30%used the D’Amico classification.Imaging preferences revealed 47% favored PSMA-PET/CT.External beam RT was universally preferred,with 60% adopting ultra-hypofractionation.ADT was used by 97%,with 73% recommending it for unfavorable IR-PC cases.Short-term ADT(4–6 months)was the standard,administered concurrently with RT by 57%.Cardiovascular status influenced decisions for 97% of respondents,while 37% also considered patient age,preferences,and sexual health.Conclusions:This national survey demonstrates a shift toward personalized care in intermediate-risk prostate cancer in Turkey,marked by selective PSMA-PET/CT use,tailored ADT,and evolving radiotherapy practices.The findings underscore the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration—particularly between urologists and radiation oncologists—to optimize imaging integration and treatment outcomes.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to simulate and study the early moments of the reactive ballistics of a large caliber projectile fired from a gun,combining 0D and 2D axisymmetric Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)approaches.F...The aim of this paper is to simulate and study the early moments of the reactive ballistics of a large caliber projectile fired from a gun,combining 0D and 2D axisymmetric Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)approaches.First,the methodology is introduced with the development of an interior ballistics(IB)lumped parameter code(LPC),integrating an original image processing method for calculating the specific regression of propellant grains that compose the gun propellant.The ONERA CFD code CEDRE,equipped with a Dynamic Mesh Technique(DMT),is then used in conjunction with the developed LPC to build a dedicated methodology to calculate IB.First results obtained on the AGARD gun and 40 mm gun test cases are in a good agreement with the existing literature.CEDRE is also used to calculate inter-mediate ballistics(first milliseconds of free flight of the projectile)with a multispecies and reactive approach either starting from the gun muzzle plane or directly following IB.In the latter case,an inverse problem involving a Latin hypercube sampling method is used to find a gun propellant configuration that allows the projectile to reach a given exit velocity and base pressure when IB ends.The methodology developed in this work makes it possible to study the flame front of the intermediate flash and depressurization that occurs in a base bleed(BB)channel at the gun muzzle.Average pressure variations in the BB channel during depressurization are in good agreement with literature.展开更多
This study investigates the dynamical behavior of two parallel fluid-conveying pipes by developing a non-planar dynamical model of the two pipes coupled with an intermediate spring. A systematic analysis is conducted ...This study investigates the dynamical behavior of two parallel fluid-conveying pipes by developing a non-planar dynamical model of the two pipes coupled with an intermediate spring. A systematic analysis is conducted to evaluate the effects of spring parameters on the non-planar vibration characteristics and buckling behaviors of the coupled system. The nonlinear governing equations are derived with Hamilton's principle,subsequently discretized through Galerkin's method, and finally numerically solved by the Runge-Kutta algorithm. Based on the linearized equations, an eigenvalue analysis is performed to obtain the coupled frequencies, modal shapes, and critical flow velocities for buckling instability. Quantitative assessments further elucidate the effects of the spring position and stiffness coefficient on the coupled frequencies and critical flow velocities.Nonlinear dynamic analyses reveal the evolution of buckling patterns and bifurcation behaviors between the lateral displacements of the two pipes and the flow velocity. Numerical results indicate that the intermediate spring increases the susceptibility to buckling instability in the out-of-plane direction compared with the in-plane direction. Furthermore, synchronized lateral displacements emerge in both pipes when the flow velocity of one pipe exceeds the critical threshold. This work is expected to provide a theoretical foundation for the stability assessment and vibration analysis in coupled fluid-conveying pipe systems.展开更多
Sodium-sulfur and sodium-iodine batteries are attractive due to their low cost and high capacities.However,they suffer from polysulfide/polyiodide dissolution and fast capacity decay.To solve these issues,herein,an or...Sodium-sulfur and sodium-iodine batteries are attractive due to their low cost and high capacities.However,they suffer from polysulfide/polyiodide dissolution and fast capacity decay.To solve these issues,herein,an organic species-intercalated layered MoS_(2) with oxygen-dopant(Org-MoS_(2)) was designed for the iodine encapsulation.The chemically-bonded S^(2-) from the S-Mo-S layer can not only stabilize the in situ generated I^(+) intermediate to boost the redox kinetics and deep transformations of 2I^(-)←→I_(2)←→2I^(+),but also undergo the conversion of S^(2-)←→S^(δ-) in the high voltage range of 1.5-3.4 V without structural collapse and shuttle effect.That is owning to the I^(+)-induced local charge and the electron reservoir of multi-valent Mo,which facilitate effective charge transfer via alternate dipoles of I^(δ+)-^(δ-)S^(δ+)/^(δ-)O^(δ+)-^(δ-)Mo^(δ+)-^(δ-)S^(δ+) and promote the redox of I/S/Mo.Meanwhile,the incorporated organic species are transformed into an aromatic carbonaceous material with improved electron conductivity and thinner thickness in the cycling test accompanied by the exposure of more Mo-O-Mo linkages,resulting in an increasing ultrahigh capacity and outstanding long-term durability of Org-MoS_(2)@I_(2).展开更多
This paper investigates the free vibration and transient response of interconnected structures including double curved beams and intermediate straight beams,which are all constructed from functionally graded porous(FG...This paper investigates the free vibration and transient response of interconnected structures including double curved beams and intermediate straight beams,which are all constructed from functionally graded porous(FGP)materials.The strain potential and kinetic energies of each beam along with the work done by the external force are calculated.Additionally,a higher-order beam element is introduced to derive stiffness and mass matrices,along with the force vector.The curved and straight beams are discretized,and their assembled stiffness,mass matrices,and force vectors,are obtained.Continuity conditions at the joints are used to derive the total matrices of the entire structure.Subsequently,the natural frequencies and transient response of the system are determined.The accuracy of the mathematical model and the self-developed computer program is validated through the comparison of the obtained results with those of the existing literature and commercial software ANSYS,demonstrating excellent agreement.Furthermore,a comprehensive study is conducted to investigate the effects of various parameters on the free vibration and transient response of the considered structure.展开更多
Room and pillar mining is an underground mining method that utilizes natural pillar support to control rock mass behavior,ensuring mine stability and a safe mine environment.This study specifically documents the influ...Room and pillar mining is an underground mining method that utilizes natural pillar support to control rock mass behavior,ensuring mine stability and a safe mine environment.This study specifically documents the influence of the intermediate principal stress component on the pillar behavior.So far only classical failure criteria ignoring the influence of the intermediate principal stress component were used for underground pillar design.By using an extended Hoek-Brown failure criterion in comparison with the classical Hoek-Brown failure criterion,the influence of the intermediate principal stress component is documented by indicating those areas where the failure criterion is violated.This study demonstrates,that depending on the rock type,the intermediate principal stress component can have a significant effect.Ignoring this influence can lead to uneconomic pillar design and incorrect determination of the factor of safety.展开更多
By manipulating the distribution of surface electrons,defect engineering enables effective control over the adsorption energy between adsorbates and active sites in the CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Herein,we rep...By manipulating the distribution of surface electrons,defect engineering enables effective control over the adsorption energy between adsorbates and active sites in the CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Herein,we report a hollow indium oxide nanotube containing both oxygen vacancy and sulfur doping(V_o-Sx-In_(2)O_(3))for improved CO_(2)-to-HCOOH electroreduction and Zn-CO_(2)battery.The componential synergy significantly reduces the*OCHO formation barrier to expedite protonation process and creates a favorable electronic micro-environment for*HCOOH desorption.As a result,the CO_(2)RR performance of Vo-Sx-In_(2)O_(3)outperforms Pure-In_(2)O_(3)and V_o-In_(2)O_(3),where V_o-S53-In_(2)O_(3)exhibits a maximal HCOOH Faradaic efficiency of 92.4%at-1,2 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)in H-cell and above 92%over a wide window potential with high current density(119.1 mA cm^(-2)at-1.1 V vs.RHE)in flow cell.Furthermore,the rechargeable Zn-CO_(2)battery utilizing V_o-S53-In_(2)O_(3)as cathode shows a high power density of 2.29 mW cm^(-2)and a long-term stability during charge-discharge cycles.This work provides a valuable perspective to elucidate co-defective catalysts in regulating the intermediates for efficient CO_(2)RR.展开更多
The formation of oligomeric hydrogen peroxide triggered by Criegee intermediate maybe contributes significantly to the formation and growth of secondary organic aerosol(SOA).However,to date,the reactivity of C2 Criege...The formation of oligomeric hydrogen peroxide triggered by Criegee intermediate maybe contributes significantly to the formation and growth of secondary organic aerosol(SOA).However,to date,the reactivity of C2 Criegee intermediates(CH_(3)CHOO)in areas contaminated with acidic gas remains poorly understood.Herein,high-level quantum chemical calculations and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics(BOMD)simulations are used to explore the reaction of CH_(3)CHOO and H_(2)SO_(4)both in the gas phase and at the airwater interface.In the gas phase,the addition reaction of CH_(3)CHOO with H_(2)SO_(4)to generate CH_(3)HC(OOH)OSO_(3)H(HPES)is near-barrierless,regardless of the presence of water molecules.BOMD simulations showthat the reaction at the air-water interface is even faster than that in the gas phase.Further calculations reveal that the HPES has a tendency to aggregate with sulfuric acids,ammonias,and water molecules to form stable clusters,meanwhile the oligomerization reaction of CH_(3)CHOO with HPES in the gas phase is both thermochemically and kinetically favored.Also,it is noted that the interfacial HPES−ion can attract H_(2)SO_(4),NH_(3),(COOH)_(2)and HNO_(3)for particle formation from the gas phase to the water surface.Thus,the results of this work not only elucidate the high atmospheric reactivity of C2 Criegee intermediates in polluted regions,but also deepen our understanding of the formation process of atmospheric SOA induced by Criegee intermediates.展开更多
The dimensional and temporal distribution of Antarctic Intermediate Water(AAIW)and North Pacifi c Intermediate Water(NPIW)in the Philippine Sea were explored using Argo profi les and gridded Argo data.As the salinity ...The dimensional and temporal distribution of Antarctic Intermediate Water(AAIW)and North Pacifi c Intermediate Water(NPIW)in the Philippine Sea were explored using Argo profi les and gridded Argo data.As the salinity minimum of intermediate water from mid-high latitude of the southern and northern hemisphere of the Pacifi c Ocean,the properties of AAIW and NPIW merge at about 10°N with diff erent properties in the Philippine Sea.The core of AAIW is located below 600 dbar with potential density of 27≤σθ≤27.3 kg/m 3 and salinity of 34.5≤S≤34.55.The core of NPIW is located between 300–700 dbar with potential density of 26.2≤σθ≤27 kg/m 3 and salinity of 34≤S≤34.4.The volume of AAIW and NPIW during January 2004 to December 2017 is negatively correlated.The time series of AAIW and NPIW is dominated by signifi cant periods of 6 and 8 months,respectively.The variations of AAIW and NPIW are mainly aff ected by volume transport through a 130°E section by the North Equatorial Current(NEC)and North Equatorial Undercurrent(NEUC).展开更多
Static corrections using the conventional method are basically conducted in two steps, the weathering correction followed by the correction from the top of the sub-weathering to the unified datum. However, the convent...Static corrections using the conventional method are basically conducted in two steps, the weathering correction followed by the correction from the top of the sub-weathering to the unified datum. However, the conventional method fails to well deal with statics problems in case the top of the sub-weathering is sharply undulated and the lateral velocity of the sub-weathering varies significantly. This brings us to the introduction of a smooth intermediate reference datum （IRD） located under the top of the sub-weathering, which helps to further increase the accuracy of statics based on the weathering corrections, and ensures the imaging quality. Good results based on the IRD technique have been achieved in the complex areas in western China. This paper discusses the IRD functions, its application requirements, and selection of related parameters. Some typical sections for comparison are also given in this paper.展开更多
CO2 selective reduction to CO with H2 over a CeO2-supported nano-Au catalyst at atmospheric pres- sure was investigated. A high CO2 conversion, approaching the thermodynamic equilibrium value, and nearly 100% CO selec...CO2 selective reduction to CO with H2 over a CeO2-supported nano-Au catalyst at atmospheric pres- sure was investigated. A high CO2 conversion, approaching the thermodynamic equilibrium value, and nearly 100% CO selectivity were obtained. The surface formate intermediates generated during the reverse water-gas shift reaction at 400 ℃ were identified using in situ diffuse-reflectance infra- red Fourier-transform spectroscopy. The formate consumption to give CO and H20, determined using mass spectrometry, indicated that the reaction proceeded via an associative formate mecha- nism; this contributes to the high Au/CeO2 catalytic activity at low temperatures.展开更多
The enamines, iminium ions, and oxazolidinones are thought to be the key intermediates in the proline-catalyzed reactions of aldehydes or ketones, but there is an extensive contro- versy about their roles. Here, the c...The enamines, iminium ions, and oxazolidinones are thought to be the key intermediates in the proline-catalyzed reactions of aldehydes or ketones, but there is an extensive contro- versy about their roles. Here, the corresponding transition states connecting any two of the three kinds of species are located at the wB97XD/6-311＋＋G＊＊ level of theory. The calcula- tions demonstrate that the oxazolidinones are the predominant species in both the gas phase and solvents; there exists tautomeric equilibrium among these species and the equilibriums are controlled by the employed solvents and temperature in the reaction. These results demonstrate that the concentration and role of the mentioned species are controlled by the employed solvent and temperature. A new reaction pathway is presented herein for the trans- formation between iminium ions and oxazolidinones through iminium ion-water complex and oxazolidinone-water complex. The calculations demonstrate that the rate-limiting step in proline-catalyzed Mannich reaction between acetaldehyde/keteones and N-Boc imines is the formation of the C-C bond rather than the intermediates tautomerization. These calculations rationalize the available experimental observations and can be valuable in optimizing the experimental conditions of asymmetric organic-catalyzed reactions of aldehydes or ketones.展开更多
Based on the different hydrophobicities of the intermediates of proteins the various conformational intermediates of the refolding of a-amylase originally denatured with 8.0 mol/L urea solution were separated with hi...Based on the different hydrophobicities of the intermediates of proteins the various conformational intermediates of the refolding of a-amylase originally denatured with 8.0 mol/L urea solution were separated with high performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography(HPHIC). Compared to the separation of the same intermediates with weak anion exchange chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography the result obtained with HPHIC is the best It would be expected that HPHIC may be a strongly potential tool to separate intermediates of some proteins which cannot be, or cannot completely be refolded by HPHIC.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32070777 to F.N.).
文摘Intermediate filaments(IFs)in human cells are the products of six distinct gene families,all sharing homology in a core rod domain.These IFs assemble into non-polar polymers,providing cytoplasmic and nuclear mechanical support.Recent research has revealed the active and dynamic properties of IFs and their binding partners.This regulation extends beyond cell mechanics to include migration,mechanotransduction,and tumor growth.Therefore,this comprehensive review aims to catalog all human IF genes and IF-associated proteins(IFAPs),detailing their names,sizes,functions,associated human diseases,relevant literature,and links to resources like UniProt and the Protein Atlas database.These links provide access to additional information such as protein structure,subcellular localization,disease-causing mutations,and pathology.Using this catalog,we will provide an overview of the current understanding of the biological functions of IFs and IFAPs.This overview is crucial for identifying gaps in their characterization and understanding IF-mediated mechanotransduction.Additionally,we will consider potential future research directions.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52004143 and 52374095)the open fund for the Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines (Grant No.SKLMRDPC21KF06).
文摘A series of true triaxial unloading tests are conducted on sandstone specimens with a single structural plane to investigate their mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics under different in situ stress states.The experimental results indicate that the dip angle of structural plane(θ)and the intermediate principal stress(σ2)have an important influence on the peak strength,cracking mode,and rockburst severity.The peak strength exhibits a first increase and then decrease as a function ofσ2 for a constantθ.However,whenσ2 is constant,the maximum peak strength is obtained atθof 90°,and the minimum peak strength is obtained atθof 30°or 45°.For the case of an inclined structural plane,the crack type at the tips of structural plane transforms from a mix of wing and anti-wing cracks to wing cracks with an increase inσ2,while the crack type around the tips of structural plane is always anti-wing cracks for the vertical structural plane,accompanied by a series of tensile cracks besides.The specimens with structural plane do not undergo slabbing failure regardless ofθ,and always exhibit composite tensile-shear failure whatever theσ2 value is.With an increase inσ2 andθ,the intensity of the rockburst is consistent with the tendency of the peak strength.By analyzing the relationship between the cohesion(c),internal friction angle(φ),andθin sandstone specimens,we incorporateθinto the true triaxial unloading strength criterion,and propose a modified linear Mogi-Coulomb criterion.Moreover,the crack propagation mechanism at the tips of structural plane,and closure degree of the structural plane under true triaxial unloading conditions are also discussed and summarized.This study provides theoretical guidance for stability assessment of surrounding rocks containing geological structures in deep complex stress environments.
基金Supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ(ISCⅢ)Through the Project Co-Funded by the European Union,No.PI20-00487,No.PI23-00119 and No.PI24-01630.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetes and its associated microvascular complications,such as nephropathy and retinopathy,significantly impact global health.These complications often begin in the prediabetic stage,emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention.Inflammatory pathways are key contributors to these conditions,and recent research has identified members of the tumor necrosis factor(TNF)receptor superfamily as potential biomarkers.However,their association with renal and retinal dysfunction in individuals with intermediate hyperglycemia(IH)remains underexplored.The Early Prevention of Diabetes Complications(ePREDICE)trial provides a valuable cohort to investigate these associations and improve risk assessment strategies.AIM To identify inflammatory biomarkers associated with early renal and retinal dysfunction in individuals with IH.Specifically,we evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of TNF receptor superfamily members[TNF receptor 1(TNF-R1),TNF receptor 2(TNF-R2)],T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3(TIM-3)/HAVCR2,galectin-3,and interleukin-6(IL-6)in detecting kidney dysfunction and retinopathy in this high-risk population.By understanding their roles,we seek to enhance early screening methods and inform personalized intervention strategies.METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 967 individuals with IH from the ePREDICE trial was conducted.Participants underwent comprehensive anthropometric and biochemical assessments.Key inflammatory biomarkers,including TNF-R1,TNF-R2,TIM-3/HAVCR2,galectin-3,and IL-6,were quantified using immunoassays.Renal function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)and albuminuria,while retinopathy was evaluated through fundoscopic examination.Statistical analyses included adjusted mean comparisons,correlation studies,and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to assess biomarker diagnostic accuracy.RESULTS TNF-R1,TNF-R2,and TIM-3/HAVCR2 were significantly associated with reduced filtration function(eGFR<60 mL/minute/1.73 m^(2))and albuminuria,with area under the curve(AUC)values between 0.815 and 0.845.TIM-3/HAVCR2 emerged as the strongest predictor of retinopathy(AUC=0.737).Strong correlations(r>0.75)were observed among TNF-R1,TNF-R2,and TIM-3/HAVCR2,suggesting a coordinated role in inflammatory pathways.CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the potential of TNF receptor superfamily members as biomarkers for early-stage renal and retinal complications in individuals with IH.Their integration into clinical screening protocols could facilitate earlier detection,improving patient stratification and personalized management strategies.Further longitudinal studies are necessary to validate their predictive value and potential for guiding therapeutic interventions in IH and early diabetes management.
基金support provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52405364 and 52171110)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent+3 种基金JITRI Advanced Materials R&D Co.Ltdsupport by European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program(857470)European Regional Development Fund via the Foundation for Polish Science International Research Agenda PLUS program(MAB PLUS/2018/8)The publication was created within the framework of the project of the Minister of Science and Higher Education,Support for the Activities of Centres of Excellence established in Poland under Horizon 2020,under contract No.MEiN/2023/DIR/3795.
文摘The deformation of Cu–20 wt.%Fe alloy wires leads to a significant improvement in mechanical properties and a decrease in electrical conductivity.Simultaneous improvements in strength and conductivity were achieved by intermediate annealing of drawn Cu–20 wt.%Fe wires.As the annealing temperature increased,the strength of Cu–20 wt.%Fe alloy wire decreased monotonically,but the electrical conductivity first increased and then decreased,reaching its peak value after annealing at 500℃.The decrease in strength is related to dislocation recovery and static recrystallization of Cu and Fe phases,and the increase in electrical conductivity mainly results from the aging precipitation of solid solution Fe.After annealing at 500℃,there was no obvious recrystallization of Cu phase,and many of the nano-Fe particles precipitated from Cu matrix.An annealing temperature of 600℃ induced the recrystallization of Cu matrix and an increase in Fe solid solubility,resulting in a decrease in strength and electrical conductivity.Subsequently,the wires annealed at 500℃ were drawn to 2 mm.Compared with those of the continuously drawn Cu–20 wt.%Fe alloy wires,the deformation ability,strength,and electrical conductivity of Cu–20 wt.%Fe alloy wires subjected to intermediate annealing treatment are significantly greater.This is mainly related to the sufficient precipitation of Fe in Cu matrix and the strengthening of refined Fe fibers parallel to the drawing direction.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.2024ZDSYS2),China.
文摘Quasi-solid-state electrolytes,which integrate the safety characteristics of inorganic materials,the flexibility of polymers,and the high ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes,represent a transitional solution for high-energy-density lithium batteries.However,the mechanisms by which inorganic fillers enhance multiphase interfacial conduction remain inadequately understood.In this work,we synthesized composite quasi-solid-state electrolytes with high inorganic content to investigate interfacial phenomena and achieve enhanced electrode interface stability.Li_(1.3)Al_(0.3)Ti_(1.7)(PO_(4))_(3)particles,through surface anion anchoring,improve Li^(+)transference numbers and facilitate partial dissociation of solvated Li^(+)structures,resulting in superior ion transport kinetics that achieve an ionic conductivity of 0.51 mS cm^(−1)at room temperature.The high mass fraction of inorganic components additionally promotes the formation of more stable interfacial layers,enabling lithium-symmetric cells to operate without short-circuiting for 6000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2).Furthermore,this system demonstrates exceptional stability in 5 V-class lithium metal full cells,maintaining 80.5%capacity retention over 200 cycles at 0.5C.These findings guide the role of inorganic interfaces in composite electrolytes and demonstrate their potential for advancing high-voltage lithium battery technology.
基金funding support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42272334)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0137200)the Taishan Scholars Program(Grant No.2019RKB01083).
文摘Fracture(fault)reactivation can lead to dynamic geological hazards including earthquakes,rock collapses,landslides,and rock bursts.True triaxial compression tests were conducted to analyze the fracture reactivation process under two different orientations of σ_(2),i.e.σ_(2) parallel to the fracture plane(Scheme 2)and σ_(2) cutting through the fracture plane(Scheme 3),under varying σ_(3) from 10 MPa to 40 MPa.The peak or fracture reactivation strength,deformation,failure mode,and post-peak mechanical behavior of intact(Scheme 1)and pre-fractured(Schemes 2 and 3)specimens were also compared.Results show that for intact specimens,the stress remains nearly constant in the residual sliding stage with no stick-slip,and the newly formed fracture surface only propagates along the σ_(2) direction when σ_(3) ranges from 10 MPa to 30 MPa,while it extends along both σ_(2) and σ_(3) directions when σ_(3) increases to 40 MPa;for the pre-fractured specimens,the fractures are usually reactivated under all the σ_(3) levels in Scheme 2,but fracture reactivation only occurs when σ_(3) is greater than 25 MPa in Scheme 3,below which new faulting traversing the original macro fracture occurs.In all the test schemes,both ε_(2) and ε_(3) experience an accumulative process of elongation,after which an abrupt change occurs at the point of the final failure;the degree of this change is dependent on the orientation of the new faulting or the slip direction of the original fracture,and it is generally more than 10 times larger in the slip direction of the original fracture than in the non-slip direction.Besides,the differential stress(peak stress)required for reactivation and the post-peak stress drop increase with increasing σ_(3).Post-peak stress drop and residual strength in Scheme 3 are generally greater than those in Scheme 2 at the same σ_(3) value.Our study clearly shows that intermediate principal stress orientation not only affects the fracture reactivation strength but also influences the slip deformation and failure modes.These new findings facilitate the mitigation of dynamic geological hazards associated with fracture and fault slip.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52301279 and 51901115)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2023MB122 and ZR2019PEM001)+1 种基金the Outstanding Youth Innovation Team of Universities in Shandong Province(2024KJH067)the Innovation fund project for graduate student of China University of Petroleum(East China)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.23CX04010A)。
文摘Addressing inadequate OH^(*)adsorption in Ru Co alloy catalysts is crucial for boosting intermediate coverage and redirecting the water-splitting pathway.Herein,the adaptive P sites were strategically incorporated to overcome the aforementioned challenge.The P sites,as potent OH^(*)adsorption centers,synergize with Co sites to promote water dissociation and enrich surrounding Ru sites with H*intermediates,thus triggering the Volmer-Tafel route for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Besides,during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),the surface of P-Ru Co was reconstructed into Ru-doped Co OOH with anchored PO_(4)^(3-).These PO_(4)^(3-)not only circumvent the intrinsic OH^(*)adsorption limitations of Ru-Co OOH in the adsorbate evolution mechanism(AEM)by rerouting to a more expeditious lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism(LOM)but also improve the coverage of key oxygen-containing intermediates,significantly accelerating OER kinetics.Consequently,the P-Ru Co demonstrates exceptional bifunctional performance,with overpotentials of 29 m V for HER and 222 m V for OER at 10 m A cm^(-2).Remarkably,the mass activities of PRu Co for HER(5.48 A mg^(-1))and OER(2.13 A mg^(-1))are 6.2 and 11.2 times higher than those of its commercial counterparts(Ru/C for HER and RuO_(2)for OER),respectively.When integrated into an anionexchange-membrane electrolyzer,this catalyst achieves ampere-level current densities of 1.32 A cm^(-2)for water electrolysis and 1.23 A cm^(-2)for seawater electrolysis at 2.1 V,with a 500-h durability.
文摘Background:Intermediate-risk prostate cancer(IR-PC)represents a heterogeneous group requiring nuanced treatment approaches,and recent advancements in radiotherapy(RT),androgen deprivation therapy(ADT),and prostatespecific membrane antigen positron emission tomography(PSMA-PET/CT)imaging have prompted growing interest in personalized,risk-adapted management strategies.This study by the Turkish Society for Radiation Oncology aims to examine radiation oncologists’practices in managing IR-PC,focusing on RT and imaging modalities to identify trends for personalized treatments.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Turkish radiation oncologists treating at least 50 prostate cancer(PC)cases annually.The 22-item questionnaire covered IR-PC management aspects such as risk stratification,imaging preferences,androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)use and duration,RT techniques,and treatment combinations.Anonymous responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:Thirty radiation oncologists participated,57%with over 20 years of experience.The median annual number of PC cases treated was 130.For risk stratification,43% followed the National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)guidelines,while 30%used the D’Amico classification.Imaging preferences revealed 47% favored PSMA-PET/CT.External beam RT was universally preferred,with 60% adopting ultra-hypofractionation.ADT was used by 97%,with 73% recommending it for unfavorable IR-PC cases.Short-term ADT(4–6 months)was the standard,administered concurrently with RT by 57%.Cardiovascular status influenced decisions for 97% of respondents,while 37% also considered patient age,preferences,and sexual health.Conclusions:This national survey demonstrates a shift toward personalized care in intermediate-risk prostate cancer in Turkey,marked by selective PSMA-PET/CT use,tailored ADT,and evolving radiotherapy practices.The findings underscore the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration—particularly between urologists and radiation oncologists—to optimize imaging integration and treatment outcomes.
基金the French Defense Innovation Agency (AID)the French Procurement Agency for Armament (DGA)ONERA's scientific direction for funding and supporting the present work
文摘The aim of this paper is to simulate and study the early moments of the reactive ballistics of a large caliber projectile fired from a gun,combining 0D and 2D axisymmetric Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)approaches.First,the methodology is introduced with the development of an interior ballistics(IB)lumped parameter code(LPC),integrating an original image processing method for calculating the specific regression of propellant grains that compose the gun propellant.The ONERA CFD code CEDRE,equipped with a Dynamic Mesh Technique(DMT),is then used in conjunction with the developed LPC to build a dedicated methodology to calculate IB.First results obtained on the AGARD gun and 40 mm gun test cases are in a good agreement with the existing literature.CEDRE is also used to calculate inter-mediate ballistics(first milliseconds of free flight of the projectile)with a multispecies and reactive approach either starting from the gun muzzle plane or directly following IB.In the latter case,an inverse problem involving a Latin hypercube sampling method is used to find a gun propellant configuration that allows the projectile to reach a given exit velocity and base pressure when IB ends.The methodology developed in this work makes it possible to study the flame front of the intermediate flash and depressurization that occurs in a base bleed(BB)channel at the gun muzzle.Average pressure variations in the BB channel during depressurization are in good agreement with literature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12325201,12272140,and 12322201)。
文摘This study investigates the dynamical behavior of two parallel fluid-conveying pipes by developing a non-planar dynamical model of the two pipes coupled with an intermediate spring. A systematic analysis is conducted to evaluate the effects of spring parameters on the non-planar vibration characteristics and buckling behaviors of the coupled system. The nonlinear governing equations are derived with Hamilton's principle,subsequently discretized through Galerkin's method, and finally numerically solved by the Runge-Kutta algorithm. Based on the linearized equations, an eigenvalue analysis is performed to obtain the coupled frequencies, modal shapes, and critical flow velocities for buckling instability. Quantitative assessments further elucidate the effects of the spring position and stiffness coefficient on the coupled frequencies and critical flow velocities.Nonlinear dynamic analyses reveal the evolution of buckling patterns and bifurcation behaviors between the lateral displacements of the two pipes and the flow velocity. Numerical results indicate that the intermediate spring increases the susceptibility to buckling instability in the out-of-plane direction compared with the in-plane direction. Furthermore, synchronized lateral displacements emerge in both pipes when the flow velocity of one pipe exceeds the critical threshold. This work is expected to provide a theoretical foundation for the stability assessment and vibration analysis in coupled fluid-conveying pipe systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22171030 and 21771028)the Large-Scale Instrument and Equipment Open Foundation in Chongqing University (202303150030)。
文摘Sodium-sulfur and sodium-iodine batteries are attractive due to their low cost and high capacities.However,they suffer from polysulfide/polyiodide dissolution and fast capacity decay.To solve these issues,herein,an organic species-intercalated layered MoS_(2) with oxygen-dopant(Org-MoS_(2)) was designed for the iodine encapsulation.The chemically-bonded S^(2-) from the S-Mo-S layer can not only stabilize the in situ generated I^(+) intermediate to boost the redox kinetics and deep transformations of 2I^(-)←→I_(2)←→2I^(+),but also undergo the conversion of S^(2-)←→S^(δ-) in the high voltage range of 1.5-3.4 V without structural collapse and shuttle effect.That is owning to the I^(+)-induced local charge and the electron reservoir of multi-valent Mo,which facilitate effective charge transfer via alternate dipoles of I^(δ+)-^(δ-)S^(δ+)/^(δ-)O^(δ+)-^(δ-)Mo^(δ+)-^(δ-)S^(δ+) and promote the redox of I/S/Mo.Meanwhile,the incorporated organic species are transformed into an aromatic carbonaceous material with improved electron conductivity and thinner thickness in the cycling test accompanied by the exposure of more Mo-O-Mo linkages,resulting in an increasing ultrahigh capacity and outstanding long-term durability of Org-MoS_(2)@I_(2).
文摘This paper investigates the free vibration and transient response of interconnected structures including double curved beams and intermediate straight beams,which are all constructed from functionally graded porous(FGP)materials.The strain potential and kinetic energies of each beam along with the work done by the external force are calculated.Additionally,a higher-order beam element is introduced to derive stiffness and mass matrices,along with the force vector.The curved and straight beams are discretized,and their assembled stiffness,mass matrices,and force vectors,are obtained.Continuity conditions at the joints are used to derive the total matrices of the entire structure.Subsequently,the natural frequencies and transient response of the system are determined.The accuracy of the mathematical model and the self-developed computer program is validated through the comparison of the obtained results with those of the existing literature and commercial software ANSYS,demonstrating excellent agreement.Furthermore,a comprehensive study is conducted to investigate the effects of various parameters on the free vibration and transient response of the considered structure.
文摘Room and pillar mining is an underground mining method that utilizes natural pillar support to control rock mass behavior,ensuring mine stability and a safe mine environment.This study specifically documents the influence of the intermediate principal stress component on the pillar behavior.So far only classical failure criteria ignoring the influence of the intermediate principal stress component were used for underground pillar design.By using an extended Hoek-Brown failure criterion in comparison with the classical Hoek-Brown failure criterion,the influence of the intermediate principal stress component is documented by indicating those areas where the failure criterion is violated.This study demonstrates,that depending on the rock type,the intermediate principal stress component can have a significant effect.Ignoring this influence can lead to uneconomic pillar design and incorrect determination of the factor of safety.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22120230104).
文摘By manipulating the distribution of surface electrons,defect engineering enables effective control over the adsorption energy between adsorbates and active sites in the CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Herein,we report a hollow indium oxide nanotube containing both oxygen vacancy and sulfur doping(V_o-Sx-In_(2)O_(3))for improved CO_(2)-to-HCOOH electroreduction and Zn-CO_(2)battery.The componential synergy significantly reduces the*OCHO formation barrier to expedite protonation process and creates a favorable electronic micro-environment for*HCOOH desorption.As a result,the CO_(2)RR performance of Vo-Sx-In_(2)O_(3)outperforms Pure-In_(2)O_(3)and V_o-In_(2)O_(3),where V_o-S53-In_(2)O_(3)exhibits a maximal HCOOH Faradaic efficiency of 92.4%at-1,2 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)in H-cell and above 92%over a wide window potential with high current density(119.1 mA cm^(-2)at-1.1 V vs.RHE)in flow cell.Furthermore,the rechargeable Zn-CO_(2)battery utilizing V_o-S53-In_(2)O_(3)as cathode shows a high power density of 2.29 mW cm^(-2)and a long-term stability during charge-discharge cycles.This work provides a valuable perspective to elucidate co-defective catalysts in regulating the intermediates for efficient CO_(2)RR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22073059 and 22203052)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2022JM-060)+1 种基金the Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(No.23JC023)the Key Cultivation Project of Shaanxi University of Technology(No.SLG2101)。
文摘The formation of oligomeric hydrogen peroxide triggered by Criegee intermediate maybe contributes significantly to the formation and growth of secondary organic aerosol(SOA).However,to date,the reactivity of C2 Criegee intermediates(CH_(3)CHOO)in areas contaminated with acidic gas remains poorly understood.Herein,high-level quantum chemical calculations and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics(BOMD)simulations are used to explore the reaction of CH_(3)CHOO and H_(2)SO_(4)both in the gas phase and at the airwater interface.In the gas phase,the addition reaction of CH_(3)CHOO with H_(2)SO_(4)to generate CH_(3)HC(OOH)OSO_(3)H(HPES)is near-barrierless,regardless of the presence of water molecules.BOMD simulations showthat the reaction at the air-water interface is even faster than that in the gas phase.Further calculations reveal that the HPES has a tendency to aggregate with sulfuric acids,ammonias,and water molecules to form stable clusters,meanwhile the oligomerization reaction of CH_(3)CHOO with HPES in the gas phase is both thermochemically and kinetically favored.Also,it is noted that the interfacial HPES−ion can attract H_(2)SO_(4),NH_(3),(COOH)_(2)and HNO_(3)for particle formation from the gas phase to the water surface.Thus,the results of this work not only elucidate the high atmospheric reactivity of C2 Criegee intermediates in polluted regions,but also deepen our understanding of the formation process of atmospheric SOA induced by Criegee intermediates.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC1401702)the National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction(No.GASI-IPOVAI-01-01)+3 种基金the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(No.41730534)the NSFC Innovative Group Grant(No.41421005)the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(No.U1406401)ZANG Nan and WANG Fan.Janet SPRINTALL was supported by NOAA’s Climate Program Offi ce,Climate Variability and Predictability Program(No.NA17OAR4310257)。
文摘The dimensional and temporal distribution of Antarctic Intermediate Water(AAIW)and North Pacifi c Intermediate Water(NPIW)in the Philippine Sea were explored using Argo profi les and gridded Argo data.As the salinity minimum of intermediate water from mid-high latitude of the southern and northern hemisphere of the Pacifi c Ocean,the properties of AAIW and NPIW merge at about 10°N with diff erent properties in the Philippine Sea.The core of AAIW is located below 600 dbar with potential density of 27≤σθ≤27.3 kg/m 3 and salinity of 34.5≤S≤34.55.The core of NPIW is located between 300–700 dbar with potential density of 26.2≤σθ≤27 kg/m 3 and salinity of 34≤S≤34.4.The volume of AAIW and NPIW during January 2004 to December 2017 is negatively correlated.The time series of AAIW and NPIW is dominated by signifi cant periods of 6 and 8 months,respectively.The variations of AAIW and NPIW are mainly aff ected by volume transport through a 130°E section by the North Equatorial Current(NEC)and North Equatorial Undercurrent(NEUC).
文摘Static corrections using the conventional method are basically conducted in two steps, the weathering correction followed by the correction from the top of the sub-weathering to the unified datum. However, the conventional method fails to well deal with statics problems in case the top of the sub-weathering is sharply undulated and the lateral velocity of the sub-weathering varies significantly. This brings us to the introduction of a smooth intermediate reference datum （IRD） located under the top of the sub-weathering, which helps to further increase the accuracy of statics based on the weathering corrections, and ensures the imaging quality. Good results based on the IRD technique have been achieved in the complex areas in western China. This paper discusses the IRD functions, its application requirements, and selection of related parameters. Some typical sections for comparison are also given in this paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11475041, 11175036, 21373037)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DUT16QY49)~~
文摘CO2 selective reduction to CO with H2 over a CeO2-supported nano-Au catalyst at atmospheric pres- sure was investigated. A high CO2 conversion, approaching the thermodynamic equilibrium value, and nearly 100% CO selectivity were obtained. The surface formate intermediates generated during the reverse water-gas shift reaction at 400 ℃ were identified using in situ diffuse-reflectance infra- red Fourier-transform spectroscopy. The formate consumption to give CO and H20, determined using mass spectrometry, indicated that the reaction proceeded via an associative formate mecha- nism; this contributes to the high Au/CeO2 catalytic activity at low temperatures.
文摘The enamines, iminium ions, and oxazolidinones are thought to be the key intermediates in the proline-catalyzed reactions of aldehydes or ketones, but there is an extensive contro- versy about their roles. Here, the corresponding transition states connecting any two of the three kinds of species are located at the wB97XD/6-311＋＋G＊＊ level of theory. The calcula- tions demonstrate that the oxazolidinones are the predominant species in both the gas phase and solvents; there exists tautomeric equilibrium among these species and the equilibriums are controlled by the employed solvents and temperature in the reaction. These results demonstrate that the concentration and role of the mentioned species are controlled by the employed solvent and temperature. A new reaction pathway is presented herein for the trans- formation between iminium ions and oxazolidinones through iminium ion-water complex and oxazolidinone-water complex. The calculations demonstrate that the rate-limiting step in proline-catalyzed Mannich reaction between acetaldehyde/keteones and N-Boc imines is the formation of the C-C bond rather than the intermediates tautomerization. These calculations rationalize the available experimental observations and can be valuable in optimizing the experimental conditions of asymmetric organic-catalyzed reactions of aldehydes or ketones.
文摘Based on the different hydrophobicities of the intermediates of proteins the various conformational intermediates of the refolding of a-amylase originally denatured with 8.0 mol/L urea solution were separated with high performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography(HPHIC). Compared to the separation of the same intermediates with weak anion exchange chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography the result obtained with HPHIC is the best It would be expected that HPHIC may be a strongly potential tool to separate intermediates of some proteins which cannot be, or cannot completely be refolded by HPHIC.
