Intrinsic optical changes that follow infundibular stalk stimulation of the neurointermediate lobe of the mouse pituitary gland exhibit three different phases that reflect three distinct physiological events.The first...Intrinsic optical changes that follow infundibular stalk stimulation of the neurointermediate lobe of the mouse pituitary gland exhibit three different phases that reflect three distinct physiological events.The first(E-wave)is the rapid light-scattering increase that is associated with a nerve terminal volume increase(mechanical spike),and that accompanies excitation of the neurohy-pophysial terminals by the invading action potential;the second(S-wave)is the slower light-scattering decrease that is tightly corelated with the secretion of the peptide hormones oxytocin and arginine vasopressin,and the third is the long duration response(R-wave)that reflects cell volume changes in the pars interrmedia.We have studied the E-wave and the S-wave in earlier publications.The R-wave,considered here,is sensitive to chloride replacement as wel as to blockade of chloride channels.By blocking GABAA reeptors(which are ligand gated chloride channels)with pharrmacological agents,and by applying GABA directly into the bathing solution,or evoking its release from GABAergic inputs,we have demonstrated that this long-duration optical response is sensitive to chloride movements and reflects GABA-induced changes in the intrinsic optical propertis of the pars intermedia.The full time course of this optical response takes mimutes and,therefore,has to embody some other process(or processes)related to the restoration of resting physiological chloride concentrations,following the opening and closing of GABA A-reeptor channels.Here we demonstrate that the shape of the R wave,the longlasting light-scattering signal,is indeed affected by the activity of GAT1,one of the sodium-and.chloridedependent GA BA transporters.展开更多
The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate the course book New Headway intermediate students’book.The teaching context of using this book will be described clearly before discussing the syllabus terms and types wh...The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate the course book New Headway intermediate students’book.The teaching context of using this book will be described clearly before discussing the syllabus terms and types which are related to the course book.In addition,the selection and ordering of elements in this course book will be analyzed,the problems and solutions of using this book in teaching context will also be discussed.展开更多
Frank L.Lewis (Life Fellow,IEEE) received the Ph.D.degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology.He is currently a member of the National Academy of Inventors and the Moncrief-O'Donnell Chair with The University...Frank L.Lewis (Life Fellow,IEEE) received the Ph.D.degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology.He is currently a member of the National Academy of Inventors and the Moncrief-O'Donnell Chair with The University of Texas at Arlington Research Institute.He is the author of seven U.S.patents,numerous journal special issues and journal articles,and 20 books.He received the Fulbright Research Award,the NSF Research Initiation Grant,the ASEE Terman Award,the International Neural Network Society Gabor Award,the U.K.Institute of Measurement and Control Honeywell Field Engineering Medal,the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society Neural Networks Pioneer Award,the AIAA Intelligent Systems Award,and the AACC Ragazzini Award.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries have been recognized as promising substitutes for current energy-storage technologies owing to their exceptional advantages in very high-energy density and excellent material sustainabi...Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries have been recognized as promising substitutes for current energy-storage technologies owing to their exceptional advantages in very high-energy density and excellent material sustainability.The cathode with high sulfur areal loading is vital for the practical applications of Li–S batteries with very high energy density.However,the high sulfur loading in an electrode results in poor rate and cycling performances of batteries in most cases.Herein,we used diameters of 5.0(D5)and 13.0(D13)mm to probe the effect of electrodes with different sizes on the rate and cycling performances under a high sulfur loading(4.5 mg cm^-2).The cell with D5 sulfur cathode exhibits better rate and cycling performances comparing with a large(D13)cathode.Both the high concentration of lithium polysulfides and corrosion of lithium metal anode impede rapid kinetics of sulfur redox reactions,which results in inferior battery performance of the Li–S cell with large diameter cathode.This work highlights the importance of rational matching of the large sulfur cathode with a high areal sulfur loading,carbon modified separators,organic electrolyte,and Li metal anode in a pouch cell,wherein the sulfur redox kinetics and lithium metal protection should be carefully considered under the flooded lithium polysulfide conditions in a working Li–S battery.展开更多
Financial intemal control in higher vocational olleges is an important means to ensure the stable development of school finance.However,in practice,it was found that there are problems such as insufficient internal su...Financial intemal control in higher vocational olleges is an important means to ensure the stable development of school finance.However,in practice,it was found that there are problems such as insufficient internal supervision,imperfect internal control system,and imperfect risk prevention mechanism.Therefore,this article aims to discuss the relevant overview,existing problems,and specific strategies of financial intermal control in higher vocational colleges to provide a reference for the improvement of financial internal control in higher vocational colleges.展开更多
As China moves forward with the in-troduction of the Global Governance Initiative(GGI)it is encountering criti cism from Washington that it aims to change the intermational system mcrely to suit itsclf.This raises the...As China moves forward with the in-troduction of the Global Governance Initiative(GGI)it is encountering criti cism from Washington that it aims to change the intermational system mcrely to suit itsclf.This raises the question of whcther China should bc labeled a"revisionist state"or whether it's pursu-ing a mor inclusive and equitable global order.cne that upholds the spirit ard principles of key institutions in the existing global governance system,including the United Nations.The GGI focuses on the direction,principles and pathways for reforming the global govemance system.展开更多
Chlorophyl fluorescence transient from initial to maximum fluorescence （“P”step） throughout two intermedi-ate steps （“J”and“I”） （JIP-test） is considered a reliable early quantitative indicator of stress in...Chlorophyl fluorescence transient from initial to maximum fluorescence （“P”step） throughout two intermedi-ate steps （“J”and“I”） （JIP-test） is considered a reliable early quantitative indicator of stress in plants. The JIP-test is particularly useful for crop plants when applied in variable field environments. The aim of the present study was to conduct a quantitative trait loci （QTL） analysis for nine JIP-test parameters in maize during flowering in four field environ-ments differing in weather conditions. QTL analysis and identification of putative candidate genes might help to explain the genetic relationship between photosynthesis and different field scenarios in maize plants. The JIP-test param-eters were analyzed in the intermated B73 ？ Mo17 （IBM） maize population of 205 recombinant inbred lines. A set of 2,178 molecular markers across the whole maize genome was used for QTL analysis revealing 10 significant QTLs for seven JIP-test parameters, of which five were co-localized when combined＆amp;nbsp;over the four environments indicating polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy. Our results demonstrate that QTL analysis of chlorophyl fluorescence parameters was capable of detecting one pleiotropic locus on chromosome 7, coinciding with the gene gst23 that may be associated with efficient photosynthe-sis under different field scenarios.展开更多
文摘Intrinsic optical changes that follow infundibular stalk stimulation of the neurointermediate lobe of the mouse pituitary gland exhibit three different phases that reflect three distinct physiological events.The first(E-wave)is the rapid light-scattering increase that is associated with a nerve terminal volume increase(mechanical spike),and that accompanies excitation of the neurohy-pophysial terminals by the invading action potential;the second(S-wave)is the slower light-scattering decrease that is tightly corelated with the secretion of the peptide hormones oxytocin and arginine vasopressin,and the third is the long duration response(R-wave)that reflects cell volume changes in the pars interrmedia.We have studied the E-wave and the S-wave in earlier publications.The R-wave,considered here,is sensitive to chloride replacement as wel as to blockade of chloride channels.By blocking GABAA reeptors(which are ligand gated chloride channels)with pharrmacological agents,and by applying GABA directly into the bathing solution,or evoking its release from GABAergic inputs,we have demonstrated that this long-duration optical response is sensitive to chloride movements and reflects GABA-induced changes in the intrinsic optical propertis of the pars intermedia.The full time course of this optical response takes mimutes and,therefore,has to embody some other process(or processes)related to the restoration of resting physiological chloride concentrations,following the opening and closing of GABA A-reeptor channels.Here we demonstrate that the shape of the R wave,the longlasting light-scattering signal,is indeed affected by the activity of GAT1,one of the sodium-and.chloridedependent GA BA transporters.
文摘The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate the course book New Headway intermediate students’book.The teaching context of using this book will be described clearly before discussing the syllabus terms and types which are related to the course book.In addition,the selection and ordering of elements in this course book will be analyzed,the problems and solutions of using this book in teaching context will also be discussed.
文摘Frank L.Lewis (Life Fellow,IEEE) received the Ph.D.degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology.He is currently a member of the National Academy of Inventors and the Moncrief-O'Donnell Chair with The University of Texas at Arlington Research Institute.He is the author of seven U.S.patents,numerous journal special issues and journal articles,and 20 books.He received the Fulbright Research Award,the NSF Research Initiation Grant,the ASEE Terman Award,the International Neural Network Society Gabor Award,the U.K.Institute of Measurement and Control Honeywell Field Engineering Medal,the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society Neural Networks Pioneer Award,the AIAA Intelligent Systems Award,and the AACC Ragazzini Award.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFA0202500 and 2016YFA0200102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776019,21805162,51772069,and U1801257)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630165)Beijing Key Research and Development Plan(Z181100004518001)
文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries have been recognized as promising substitutes for current energy-storage technologies owing to their exceptional advantages in very high-energy density and excellent material sustainability.The cathode with high sulfur areal loading is vital for the practical applications of Li–S batteries with very high energy density.However,the high sulfur loading in an electrode results in poor rate and cycling performances of batteries in most cases.Herein,we used diameters of 5.0(D5)and 13.0(D13)mm to probe the effect of electrodes with different sizes on the rate and cycling performances under a high sulfur loading(4.5 mg cm^-2).The cell with D5 sulfur cathode exhibits better rate and cycling performances comparing with a large(D13)cathode.Both the high concentration of lithium polysulfides and corrosion of lithium metal anode impede rapid kinetics of sulfur redox reactions,which results in inferior battery performance of the Li–S cell with large diameter cathode.This work highlights the importance of rational matching of the large sulfur cathode with a high areal sulfur loading,carbon modified separators,organic electrolyte,and Li metal anode in a pouch cell,wherein the sulfur redox kinetics and lithium metal protection should be carefully considered under the flooded lithium polysulfide conditions in a working Li–S battery.
文摘Financial intemal control in higher vocational olleges is an important means to ensure the stable development of school finance.However,in practice,it was found that there are problems such as insufficient internal supervision,imperfect internal control system,and imperfect risk prevention mechanism.Therefore,this article aims to discuss the relevant overview,existing problems,and specific strategies of financial intermal control in higher vocational colleges to provide a reference for the improvement of financial internal control in higher vocational colleges.
文摘As China moves forward with the in-troduction of the Global Governance Initiative(GGI)it is encountering criti cism from Washington that it aims to change the intermational system mcrely to suit itsclf.This raises the question of whcther China should bc labeled a"revisionist state"or whether it's pursu-ing a mor inclusive and equitable global order.cne that upholds the spirit ard principles of key institutions in the existing global governance system,including the United Nations.The GGI focuses on the direction,principles and pathways for reforming the global govemance system.
基金supported by research grants 073-0731674-1673,073-0731674-0841 and 073‐0730463-0203 from Ministry of Science,Education and Sports,Republic of Croatia
文摘Chlorophyl fluorescence transient from initial to maximum fluorescence （“P”step） throughout two intermedi-ate steps （“J”and“I”） （JIP-test） is considered a reliable early quantitative indicator of stress in plants. The JIP-test is particularly useful for crop plants when applied in variable field environments. The aim of the present study was to conduct a quantitative trait loci （QTL） analysis for nine JIP-test parameters in maize during flowering in four field environ-ments differing in weather conditions. QTL analysis and identification of putative candidate genes might help to explain the genetic relationship between photosynthesis and different field scenarios in maize plants. The JIP-test param-eters were analyzed in the intermated B73 ？ Mo17 （IBM） maize population of 205 recombinant inbred lines. A set of 2,178 molecular markers across the whole maize genome was used for QTL analysis revealing 10 significant QTLs for seven JIP-test parameters, of which five were co-localized when combined＆amp;nbsp;over the four environments indicating polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy. Our results demonstrate that QTL analysis of chlorophyl fluorescence parameters was capable of detecting one pleiotropic locus on chromosome 7, coinciding with the gene gst23 that may be associated with efficient photosynthe-sis under different field scenarios.
