In recent years,with the continuous advancement of technolo-gies such as artificial intelligence,neurobiology,and sensors,braincomputer interface(Bcl)technology has embraced opportunitiesfor rapid development The"...In recent years,with the continuous advancement of technolo-gies such as artificial intelligence,neurobiology,and sensors,braincomputer interface(Bcl)technology has embraced opportunitiesfor rapid development The"Guidelines for the Establishment ofNeurological Medical Service Price ltems(Trial)"recently issued bythe National Healthcare Security Administration specifically sets upseparate prospective items for new BCl technologies,which will un-doubtedly strongly facilitate the clinical application of BCl technologyas soon as possible,benefiting a broad range of patients.展开更多
Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the...Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the design of electroencephalography electrodes in fully implanted BCI systems,this study investigates the penetration and absorption characteristics of microwave signals in human brain tissue at different frequencies.Electromagnetic simulations are used to analyze the power density distribution and specific absorption rate(SAR)of signals at various frequen-cies.The results indicate that lower-frequency signals offer advantages in terms of power density and attenuation coeffi-cients.However,SAR-normalized analysis,which considers both power density and electromagnetic radiation hazards,shows that higher-frequency signals perform better at superficial to intermediate depths.Specifically,at a depth of 2 mm beneath the cortex,the power density of a 6.5 GHz signal is 247.83%higher than that of a 0.4 GHz signal.At a depth of 5 mm,the power density of a 3.5 GHz signal exceeds that of a 0.4 GHz signal by 224.16%.The findings suggest that 6.5 GHz is optimal for electrodes at a depth of 2 mm,3.5 GHz for 5 mm,2.45 GHz for depths of 15-20 mm,and 1.8 GHz for 25 mm.展开更多
Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain...Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain disease diagnosis and treatment,neurological rehabilitation,and mental health.However,BCI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns in clinical research.In this article,the authors investigate and discuss three aspects of BCI in medicine and healthcare:the state of international ethical governance,multidimensional ethical challenges pertaining to BCI in clinical research,and suggestive concerns for ethical review.Despite the great potential of frontier BCI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by itself and the complexities of clinical research and brain function have put forward new special fields for ethics in BCI.To ensure"responsible innovation"in BCI research in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system,along with special guidelines for cutting-edge BCI research in medicine,is suggested.展开更多
Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is con...Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BC...Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.展开更多
As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal...As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and dimensions.Conventional methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces.However,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal materials.From the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear surfaces.The relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is summarized.Starting from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be developed.It is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.展开更多
With the rapid development of wearable electronic skin technology, flexible strain sensors have shown great application prospects in the fields of human motion and physiological signal detection, medical diagnostics, ...With the rapid development of wearable electronic skin technology, flexible strain sensors have shown great application prospects in the fields of human motion and physiological signal detection, medical diagnostics, and human-computer interaction owing to their outstanding sensing performance. This paper reports a strain sensor with synergistic conductive network, consisting of stable carbon nanotube dispersion (CNT) layer and brittle MXene layer by dip-coating and electrostatic self-assembly method, and breathable three-dimensional (3D) flexible substrate of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibrous membrane prepared through electrospinning technology. The MXene/CNT@PDA-TPU (MC@p-TPU) flexible strain sensor had excellent air permeability, wide operating range (0–450 %), high sensitivity (Gauge Factor, GFmax = 8089.7), ultra-low detection limit (0.05 %), rapid response and recovery times (40 ms/60 ms), and excellent cycle stability and durability (10,000 cycles). Given its superior strain sensing capabilities, this sensor can be applied in physiological signals detection, human motion pattern recognition, and driving exoskeleton robots. In addition, MC@p-TPU fibrous membrane also exhibited excellent photothermal conversion performance and can be used as a wearable photo-heater, which has far-reaching application potential in the photothermal therapy of human joint diseases.展开更多
CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed gra...CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-CNT),graphite-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with distortion in CeO_(2),leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO_(2)-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO_(2))and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO_(2)).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.展开更多
This study investigates the shear mechanical responses and debonding failure mechanisms of anchoring systems comprising three anisotropic media and two anisotropic interfaces under controlled boundary conditions of co...This study investigates the shear mechanical responses and debonding failure mechanisms of anchoring systems comprising three anisotropic media and two anisotropic interfaces under controlled boundary conditions of constant normal load(F_(s)),constant normal stiffness(K),and shear rate(v).A systematic analysis of shear mechanical properties,the evolution of maximum principal strain field,and damage characteristics along shear failure surface is presented.Results from direct shear tests demonstrate that initial shear slip diminishes with increasing F_(s)and K,attributed to the normal constraint strengthening effect,while an increase in v enhances initial shear slip due to attenuated deformation coordination and stress transfer.As F_(s)increases from 7.5 to 120 kN,K from 0 to 12 MPa/mm,and v from 0.1 to 2 mm/min,the peak shear load increases by 210.32%and 80.16%with rising F_(s)and K,respectively,while decreases by 38.57%with increasing v.Correspondingly,the shear modulus exhibits,respectively,a 135.29%and 177.06%increase with rising F_(s)and K,and a 37.03%decrease with larger v.Initial shear dilation is identified as marking the formation of shear failure surface along anisotropic interfaces,resulting from the combined shear actions at the resin bolt interface,where resin undergoes shear by bolt surface protrusions,and the resin-rock interface,where mutual shear occurs between resin and rock.With increasing F_(s)and K and decreasing v,the location of the shear failure surface shifts from the resin-rock interface to the resin-bolt interface,accompanied by a transition in failure mode from tensile rupture of resin to shear off at the resin surface.展开更多
Although the existence of glass–glass interfaces(GGIs)enables improved ductility of metallic nanoglasses(NGs),the excess free volumes at GGIs would cause the NGs to have a much-reduced mechanical strength.Herein,entr...Although the existence of glass–glass interfaces(GGIs)enables improved ductility of metallic nanoglasses(NGs),the excess free volumes at GGIs would cause the NGs to have a much-reduced mechanical strength.Herein,entropy-stabilized GGIs have been in-vestigated in Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs,which have a large entropy of mixing(1.32R,where R is the gas constant)and could be in a new glass phase,different from that of glassy grain interiors.Through quantitatively determining the activation energy of glass transition sep-arately for the GGIs and glassy grain interiors,the excess free volumes at GGIs are found to be reduced in comparison with those in the glassy grain interiors.The thermodynamically stable GGIs could be associated with increasing entropy of mixing in the GGI regions,which stabilizes the atomic structures of GGIs and enhances the glass forming ability of Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs.The influences of entropy-stabilized GGIs on the mechanical properties of Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs are further investigated by nanoindentation and creep tests under tensile deformation,demonstrating that there are notable enhancements in the ductility and mechanical strength for Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs.This work contributes to an in-depth understanding on the GGI phase in NGs and offers an alternative method for strengthening NGs through GGI engineering.展开更多
Currently,carbon materials derived from biomass are widely sought after as electromagnetic absorbing(EMWA)materials owing to the unique structure,as well as the wide range of natural acquisition pathways,economic viab...Currently,carbon materials derived from biomass are widely sought after as electromagnetic absorbing(EMWA)materials owing to the unique structure,as well as the wide range of natural acquisition pathways,economic viability,and simple processing.However,due to the high dielectric properties,mismatched impedance and single attenuation mechanism,they cannot achieve efficient EMWA performance.Herein,the biomass carbon/Co/porous carbon magnetic composites with a layered gradient structure were fabricated by in-situ deposition of ZIF-67 on the lotus leaf base and then pyrolysis at high temperature.By adjusting the pyrolysis temperature,the sample obtained at 650℃ achieved a minimum reflection value(RLmin)of-34.2dB at a matching thickness of 2.6mm,and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 7.12GHz.The results indicate that this magnetic composite with a multi-sized layered gradient porous structure has a good electron transport network,a large number of heterogeneous interfaces,and dipole polarization centers,which are conducive to multiple reflection and scattering of microwaves,conduction loss,interface loss,magnetic loss,and impedance matching of materials.Therefore,this work provided a reference for optimizing the EMWA performance of carbon materials and designing a layered gradient porous magnetic composite with multi-sized structure.展开更多
Intracortical neural interfaces directly connect brain neurons with external devices to achieve high temporal resolution and spatially precise sampling of neural activity.When applied to freely moving animals,this tec...Intracortical neural interfaces directly connect brain neurons with external devices to achieve high temporal resolution and spatially precise sampling of neural activity.When applied to freely moving animals,this technology provides in-depth insight into the underlying neural mechanisms for their movement and cognition in real-world scenarios.However,the application of implanted devices in freely moving animals is limited by restrictions on their behavioral freedom and physiologic impact.In this paper,four technological directions for ideal implantable neural interface devices are analyzed:higher spatial density,improved biocompatibility,enhanced multimodal detection of electrical/neurotransmitter signals,and more effective neural modulation.Finally,we discuss how these technological developments have been applied to freely moving animals to provide better insight into neuroscience and clinical medicine.展开更多
Cleanliness control of advanced steels is of vital importance for quality control of the products.In order to understand and control the inclusion removal during refining process in molten steel,its motion behaviors a...Cleanliness control of advanced steels is of vital importance for quality control of the products.In order to understand and control the inclusion removal during refining process in molten steel,its motion behaviors at the multiple steel/gas/slag interfaces have attracted the attention much of metallurgical community.The recent development of the agglomeration of non-metallic inclusions at the steel/Ar and steel/slag interfaces has been summarized,and both the experimental as well as theoretical works have been surveyed.In terms of in situ observation of high-temperature interfacial phenomena in the molten steel,researchers utilized high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy to observe the movement of more types of inclusions at the interface,i.e.,the investigated inclusion is no longer limited to Al_(2)O_(3)-based inclusions but moves forward to rare earth oxides,MgO-based oxides,etc.In terms of theoretical models,especially the model of inclusions at the steel/slag interface,the recent development has overcome the limitations of the assumptions of Kralchevsky-Paunov model and verified the possible errors caused by the model assumptions by combining the water model and the physical model.Last but not least,the future work in this topic has been suggested,which could be in combination of thermal physical properties of steels and slag,as well as utilize the artificial intelligence-based methodology to implement a comprehensive inclusion motion behaviors during a comprehensive metallurgical process.展开更多
Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital element of the public healthcare system in China,^([1])providing an opportunity to respond to critical medical conditions and save people’s lives.^([2])The accessibility o...Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital element of the public healthcare system in China,^([1])providing an opportunity to respond to critical medical conditions and save people’s lives.^([2])The accessibility of EMS has received considerable attention in health and transport geography studies.^([3])One of the optimal gauges for evaluating the accessibility of EMS is the response time,which is defined as the time from receiving an emergency call to the arrival of an ambulance.^([4])Beijing has already reduced the response time to approximately12 min,and the next goal is to ensure that the response time across Beijing does not exceed 12 min (the information comes from the Beijing Emergency Medical Center).展开更多
Polymer binders possess significant potential in alleviating the volume expansion issues of silicon-based anodes,yet remain challenging due to insufficient interfacial interactions with individual components(Si,C,and ...Polymer binders possess significant potential in alleviating the volume expansion issues of silicon-based anodes,yet remain challenging due to insufficient interfacial interactions with individual components(Si,C,and Cu)of the anode.Herein,we report the synthesis of a stable three-dimensional network structure of the PAA-PEA(polyacrylic acid-polyether amines)polymer binder through intermolecular physicochemical dual cross-linking.By incorporating polar functional groups,the binder molecules not only form strong C-O-Si,N-Si,O=C-O-C,and O=C-O-Cu covalent bonds but also enhance non-covalent interactions with Si,C,and Cu,thereby improving adhesion between the binder and each interface of the anode.Furthermore,weak hydrogen bonds,acting as"sacrificial bonds",dissipate energy and disperse accumulated stress,improving the material flexibility.Due to the high mechanical stability of the framework,which combines both rigidity and flexibility and the coupling effect at the three interfaces,the movement and separation of electrode components are effectively restrained,significantly enhancing the cycling stability of silicon-graphite anodes.The PAA-PEA 2000 electrode exhibits a capacity retention of 78% after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1).This work provides insights into the mechanism of binders and guides the design of polymer binders for high-performance Si-based electrodes.展开更多
Electrical and thermal transport at two-dimensional(2D) interfaces is critical for semiconductor technology, yet their interplay remains unclear. We report a theoretical proposal to separate electronic and phononic co...Electrical and thermal transport at two-dimensional(2D) interfaces is critical for semiconductor technology, yet their interplay remains unclear. We report a theoretical proposal to separate electronic and phononic contributions to thermal conductance at 2D interfaces with graphene, which is validated by non-equilibrium Green's function calculations and molecular dynamics simulations for graphene–gold contacts. Our results reveal that while metal–graphene interfaces are transparent for both electrons and phonons, non-covalent graphene interfaces block electronic tunneling beyond two layers but not phonon transport. This suggests that the Wiedemann–Franz law can be experimentally tested by measuring transport across interfaces with varying graphene layers.展开更多
Bionic interfaces exhibit multiscale features with various functions that reduce energy consumption and produce renewable resources to support life,triggering them an emerging area of technological revolution in many ...Bionic interfaces exhibit multiscale features with various functions that reduce energy consumption and produce renewable resources to support life,triggering them an emerging area of technological revolution in many disciplines.To improve the design and fabrication flexibility,additive manufacturing(AM)technology has been attempted to achieve multiscale structures and reconstruct biological functions at interfaces.Emerging AM of bionic interfaces has led to substantial advancements in renewable energy applications in recent years,but some challenges remain to be overcome.This review first presents a basic understanding of bionic mechanisms and typical manufacturing techniques especially AM.Subsequently,it emphasizes the latest progress of the bionic interfaces and AM on various renewable energy applications,such as those for wetting-controlled surfaces,energy harvesting,water treatment,batteries,and catalysts.Finally,it discusses some challenges and provides insights on how bionic interfaces and AM provide innovative solutions for next-generation renewable energy applications.展开更多
The functions,applications,developments and current application mode of IDS3.x system are generally introduced in this paper.Then the development mode of spacecraft based on IDS3.x system is described.The existing pro...The functions,applications,developments and current application mode of IDS3.x system are generally introduced in this paper.Then the development mode of spacecraft based on IDS3.x system is described.The existing problems especially the information redundancy of mechanical interface and their effects are pointed out.A new solution is proposed by developing 3D-IDS system.The central functions of 3D-IDS system are shown in this study.A new application mode of 3D-IDS system is explored and described by showing how to fill in,countersign and apply with 3D-IDS file.The 2D drawing and sketch are removed from 3D-IDS system to avoid information redundancy of mechanical interface.The consistency between 3D model and the parameters of IDS file can be guaranteed by the interface tool.The efficiency of filling in,countersigning and applying,has been improved significantly,which greatly promotes the coordination and total efficiency of spacecraft system design departments and unit design departments.展开更多
Depression is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and can profoundly impact their lives.However,the early detection of depression is often hindered by the timeconsuming diagnostic process and the absence of objec...Depression is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and can profoundly impact their lives.However,the early detection of depression is often hindered by the timeconsuming diagnostic process and the absence of objective biomarkers.In this study,we propose a novel approach for depression detection based on an affective brain-computer interface(aBCI)and the resting-state electroencephalogram(EEG).By fusing EEG features associated with both emotional and resting states,our method captures comprehensive depression-related information.The final depression detection model,derived through decision fusion with multiple independent models,further enhances detection efficacy.Our experiments involved 40 adolescents with depression and 40 matched controls.The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 86.54%on cross-validation and 88.20%on the independent test set,demonstrating the efficiency of multi-modal fusion.In addition,further analysis revealed distinct brain activity patterns between the two groups across different modalities.These findings hold promise for new directions in depression detection and intervention.展开更多
Moisture-enabled electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a promising sustainable energy harvesting technology,comparable to photovoltaics,thermoelectrics,and triboelectrics[1].MEGs generate electricity by converting...Moisture-enabled electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a promising sustainable energy harvesting technology,comparable to photovoltaics,thermoelectrics,and triboelectrics[1].MEGs generate electricity by converting the chemical potential of moisture into electric energy through interactions with hygroscopic materials and nanostructured interfaces.Unlike solar or thermal harvesters,MEGs operate continuously by utilizing ubiquitous atmospheric moisture,granting them unique spatial and temporal adaptability.Despite nearly a decade of progress and the exploration of diverse material systems for MEG,the overall output power remains significantly limited due to inherently low charge carrier concentrations and restricted ion diffusion fluxes[2].As a result,standalone MEG devices often deliver low and unstable output,limiting practical applications.To enhance performance and versatility,recent efforts have explored hybridization of MEG with other ambient energy sources such as triboelectric or thermoelectric effects.展开更多
文摘In recent years,with the continuous advancement of technolo-gies such as artificial intelligence,neurobiology,and sensors,braincomputer interface(Bcl)technology has embraced opportunitiesfor rapid development The"Guidelines for the Establishment ofNeurological Medical Service Price ltems(Trial)"recently issued bythe National Healthcare Security Administration specifically sets upseparate prospective items for new BCl technologies,which will un-doubtedly strongly facilitate the clinical application of BCl technologyas soon as possible,benefiting a broad range of patients.
基金The Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Protection and Operation Control in 2022(No.SGNR0000KJJS2302150).
文摘Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the design of electroencephalography electrodes in fully implanted BCI systems,this study investigates the penetration and absorption characteristics of microwave signals in human brain tissue at different frequencies.Electromagnetic simulations are used to analyze the power density distribution and specific absorption rate(SAR)of signals at various frequen-cies.The results indicate that lower-frequency signals offer advantages in terms of power density and attenuation coeffi-cients.However,SAR-normalized analysis,which considers both power density and electromagnetic radiation hazards,shows that higher-frequency signals perform better at superficial to intermediate depths.Specifically,at a depth of 2 mm beneath the cortex,the power density of a 6.5 GHz signal is 247.83%higher than that of a 0.4 GHz signal.At a depth of 5 mm,the power density of a 3.5 GHz signal exceeds that of a 0.4 GHz signal by 224.16%.The findings suggest that 6.5 GHz is optimal for electrodes at a depth of 2 mm,3.5 GHz for 5 mm,2.45 GHz for depths of 15-20 mm,and 1.8 GHz for 25 mm.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Tech-nology of the People's Republic of China(2021ZD0201900),Project 5(2021ZD0201905).
文摘Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain disease diagnosis and treatment,neurological rehabilitation,and mental health.However,BCI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns in clinical research.In this article,the authors investigate and discuss three aspects of BCI in medicine and healthcare:the state of international ethical governance,multidimensional ethical challenges pertaining to BCI in clinical research,and suggestive concerns for ethical review.Despite the great potential of frontier BCI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by itself and the complexities of clinical research and brain function have put forward new special fields for ethics in BCI.To ensure"responsible innovation"in BCI research in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system,along with special guidelines for cutting-edge BCI research in medicine,is suggested.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377026 and No.52301192)Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202103057)+4 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number(No.GZB20240327)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCXZG-202400275)Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(No.QDBSH20240102023)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M751563)the Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution(Research and Innovation Team of Structural-Functional Polymer Composites).
文摘Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200602)the National Science Fund for Excellent Overseas Scholars(0401260011)+3 种基金the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences(c02022088)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program(20JCZDJC00810)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202798)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1404200).
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0121300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374376)the Introduction Plan for High-end Foreign Experts(No.G2023105001L)。
文摘As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and dimensions.Conventional methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces.However,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal materials.From the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear surfaces.The relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is summarized.Starting from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be developed.It is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373093 and 12072325)the Outstanding Youth Fund of Henan Province(No.242300421062)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFA0706802)the 111 project(No.D18023).
文摘With the rapid development of wearable electronic skin technology, flexible strain sensors have shown great application prospects in the fields of human motion and physiological signal detection, medical diagnostics, and human-computer interaction owing to their outstanding sensing performance. This paper reports a strain sensor with synergistic conductive network, consisting of stable carbon nanotube dispersion (CNT) layer and brittle MXene layer by dip-coating and electrostatic self-assembly method, and breathable three-dimensional (3D) flexible substrate of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibrous membrane prepared through electrospinning technology. The MXene/CNT@PDA-TPU (MC@p-TPU) flexible strain sensor had excellent air permeability, wide operating range (0–450 %), high sensitivity (Gauge Factor, GFmax = 8089.7), ultra-low detection limit (0.05 %), rapid response and recovery times (40 ms/60 ms), and excellent cycle stability and durability (10,000 cycles). Given its superior strain sensing capabilities, this sensor can be applied in physiological signals detection, human motion pattern recognition, and driving exoskeleton robots. In addition, MC@p-TPU fibrous membrane also exhibited excellent photothermal conversion performance and can be used as a wearable photo-heater, which has far-reaching application potential in the photothermal therapy of human joint diseases.
文摘CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-CNT),graphite-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with distortion in CeO_(2),leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO_(2)-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO_(2))and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO_(2)).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.
基金Projects(52174092,42472338,51904290)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BK20220157)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(2022YCPY0202)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘This study investigates the shear mechanical responses and debonding failure mechanisms of anchoring systems comprising three anisotropic media and two anisotropic interfaces under controlled boundary conditions of constant normal load(F_(s)),constant normal stiffness(K),and shear rate(v).A systematic analysis of shear mechanical properties,the evolution of maximum principal strain field,and damage characteristics along shear failure surface is presented.Results from direct shear tests demonstrate that initial shear slip diminishes with increasing F_(s)and K,attributed to the normal constraint strengthening effect,while an increase in v enhances initial shear slip due to attenuated deformation coordination and stress transfer.As F_(s)increases from 7.5 to 120 kN,K from 0 to 12 MPa/mm,and v from 0.1 to 2 mm/min,the peak shear load increases by 210.32%and 80.16%with rising F_(s)and K,respectively,while decreases by 38.57%with increasing v.Correspondingly,the shear modulus exhibits,respectively,a 135.29%and 177.06%increase with rising F_(s)and K,and a 37.03%decrease with larger v.Initial shear dilation is identified as marking the formation of shear failure surface along anisotropic interfaces,resulting from the combined shear actions at the resin bolt interface,where resin undergoes shear by bolt surface protrusions,and the resin-rock interface,where mutual shear occurs between resin and rock.With increasing F_(s)and K and decreasing v,the location of the shear failure surface shifts from the resin-rock interface to the resin-bolt interface,accompanied by a transition in failure mode from tensile rupture of resin to shear off at the resin surface.
基金This work has been endorsed by the Chengdu Guangming Paite Precious Metal Co.,Ltd.,the CDGM Glass Co.,Ltd.,China,and the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(No.15233823).
文摘Although the existence of glass–glass interfaces(GGIs)enables improved ductility of metallic nanoglasses(NGs),the excess free volumes at GGIs would cause the NGs to have a much-reduced mechanical strength.Herein,entropy-stabilized GGIs have been in-vestigated in Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs,which have a large entropy of mixing(1.32R,where R is the gas constant)and could be in a new glass phase,different from that of glassy grain interiors.Through quantitatively determining the activation energy of glass transition sep-arately for the GGIs and glassy grain interiors,the excess free volumes at GGIs are found to be reduced in comparison with those in the glassy grain interiors.The thermodynamically stable GGIs could be associated with increasing entropy of mixing in the GGI regions,which stabilizes the atomic structures of GGIs and enhances the glass forming ability of Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs.The influences of entropy-stabilized GGIs on the mechanical properties of Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs are further investigated by nanoindentation and creep tests under tensile deformation,demonstrating that there are notable enhancements in the ductility and mechanical strength for Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs.This work contributes to an in-depth understanding on the GGI phase in NGs and offers an alternative method for strengthening NGs through GGI engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21667019,22066017,and 52173267)the Aviation Science Foundation of China(No.2017ZF56020).
文摘Currently,carbon materials derived from biomass are widely sought after as electromagnetic absorbing(EMWA)materials owing to the unique structure,as well as the wide range of natural acquisition pathways,economic viability,and simple processing.However,due to the high dielectric properties,mismatched impedance and single attenuation mechanism,they cannot achieve efficient EMWA performance.Herein,the biomass carbon/Co/porous carbon magnetic composites with a layered gradient structure were fabricated by in-situ deposition of ZIF-67 on the lotus leaf base and then pyrolysis at high temperature.By adjusting the pyrolysis temperature,the sample obtained at 650℃ achieved a minimum reflection value(RLmin)of-34.2dB at a matching thickness of 2.6mm,and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 7.12GHz.The results indicate that this magnetic composite with a multi-sized layered gradient porous structure has a good electron transport network,a large number of heterogeneous interfaces,and dipole polarization centers,which are conducive to multiple reflection and scattering of microwaves,conduction loss,interface loss,magnetic loss,and impedance matching of materials.Therefore,this work provided a reference for optimizing the EMWA performance of carbon materials and designing a layered gradient porous magnetic composite with multi-sized structure.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62121003,T2293730,T2293731,61960206012,62333020,and 62171434)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2402501 and 2022YFB3205602)the Major Program of Scientific and Technical Innovation 2030(2021ZD02016030)。
文摘Intracortical neural interfaces directly connect brain neurons with external devices to achieve high temporal resolution and spatially precise sampling of neural activity.When applied to freely moving animals,this technology provides in-depth insight into the underlying neural mechanisms for their movement and cognition in real-world scenarios.However,the application of implanted devices in freely moving animals is limited by restrictions on their behavioral freedom and physiologic impact.In this paper,four technological directions for ideal implantable neural interface devices are analyzed:higher spatial density,improved biocompatibility,enhanced multimodal detection of electrical/neurotransmitter signals,and more effective neural modulation.Finally,we discuss how these technological developments have been applied to freely moving animals to provide better insight into neuroscience and clinical medicine.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52074179)for the financial supportNational Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB3713705)is also acknowledged.
文摘Cleanliness control of advanced steels is of vital importance for quality control of the products.In order to understand and control the inclusion removal during refining process in molten steel,its motion behaviors at the multiple steel/gas/slag interfaces have attracted the attention much of metallurgical community.The recent development of the agglomeration of non-metallic inclusions at the steel/Ar and steel/slag interfaces has been summarized,and both the experimental as well as theoretical works have been surveyed.In terms of in situ observation of high-temperature interfacial phenomena in the molten steel,researchers utilized high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy to observe the movement of more types of inclusions at the interface,i.e.,the investigated inclusion is no longer limited to Al_(2)O_(3)-based inclusions but moves forward to rare earth oxides,MgO-based oxides,etc.In terms of theoretical models,especially the model of inclusions at the steel/slag interface,the recent development has overcome the limitations of the assumptions of Kralchevsky-Paunov model and verified the possible errors caused by the model assumptions by combining the water model and the physical model.Last but not least,the future work in this topic has been suggested,which could be in combination of thermal physical properties of steels and slag,as well as utilize the artificial intelligence-based methodology to implement a comprehensive inclusion motion behaviors during a comprehensive metallurgical process.
基金supported by National Key Research & Development Program of China (2022YFC3006201)。
文摘Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital element of the public healthcare system in China,^([1])providing an opportunity to respond to critical medical conditions and save people’s lives.^([2])The accessibility of EMS has received considerable attention in health and transport geography studies.^([3])One of the optimal gauges for evaluating the accessibility of EMS is the response time,which is defined as the time from receiving an emergency call to the arrival of an ambulance.^([4])Beijing has already reduced the response time to approximately12 min,and the next goal is to ensure that the response time across Beijing does not exceed 12 min (the information comes from the Beijing Emergency Medical Center).
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 21878299]。
文摘Polymer binders possess significant potential in alleviating the volume expansion issues of silicon-based anodes,yet remain challenging due to insufficient interfacial interactions with individual components(Si,C,and Cu)of the anode.Herein,we report the synthesis of a stable three-dimensional network structure of the PAA-PEA(polyacrylic acid-polyether amines)polymer binder through intermolecular physicochemical dual cross-linking.By incorporating polar functional groups,the binder molecules not only form strong C-O-Si,N-Si,O=C-O-C,and O=C-O-Cu covalent bonds but also enhance non-covalent interactions with Si,C,and Cu,thereby improving adhesion between the binder and each interface of the anode.Furthermore,weak hydrogen bonds,acting as"sacrificial bonds",dissipate energy and disperse accumulated stress,improving the material flexibility.Due to the high mechanical stability of the framework,which combines both rigidity and flexibility and the coupling effect at the three interfaces,the movement and separation of electrode components are effectively restrained,significantly enhancing the cycling stability of silicon-graphite anodes.The PAA-PEA 2000 electrode exhibits a capacity retention of 78% after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1).This work provides insights into the mechanism of binders and guides the design of polymer binders for high-performance Si-based electrodes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12425201 and 52090032)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1205400)。
文摘Electrical and thermal transport at two-dimensional(2D) interfaces is critical for semiconductor technology, yet their interplay remains unclear. We report a theoretical proposal to separate electronic and phononic contributions to thermal conductance at 2D interfaces with graphene, which is validated by non-equilibrium Green's function calculations and molecular dynamics simulations for graphene–gold contacts. Our results reveal that while metal–graphene interfaces are transparent for both electrons and phonons, non-covalent graphene interfaces block electronic tunneling beyond two layers but not phonon transport. This suggests that the Wiedemann–Franz law can be experimentally tested by measuring transport across interfaces with varying graphene layers.
基金supported by the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Plan Project 2023B1212120008Shenzhen Science and Technology Program JCYJ20220818101204010+1 种基金RGC Theme-based Research Scheme AoE/M-402/20Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission via the Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Materials Engineering Research Center.
文摘Bionic interfaces exhibit multiscale features with various functions that reduce energy consumption and produce renewable resources to support life,triggering them an emerging area of technological revolution in many disciplines.To improve the design and fabrication flexibility,additive manufacturing(AM)technology has been attempted to achieve multiscale structures and reconstruct biological functions at interfaces.Emerging AM of bionic interfaces has led to substantial advancements in renewable energy applications in recent years,but some challenges remain to be overcome.This review first presents a basic understanding of bionic mechanisms and typical manufacturing techniques especially AM.Subsequently,it emphasizes the latest progress of the bionic interfaces and AM on various renewable energy applications,such as those for wetting-controlled surfaces,energy harvesting,water treatment,batteries,and catalysts.Finally,it discusses some challenges and provides insights on how bionic interfaces and AM provide innovative solutions for next-generation renewable energy applications.
文摘The functions,applications,developments and current application mode of IDS3.x system are generally introduced in this paper.Then the development mode of spacecraft based on IDS3.x system is described.The existing problems especially the information redundancy of mechanical interface and their effects are pointed out.A new solution is proposed by developing 3D-IDS system.The central functions of 3D-IDS system are shown in this study.A new application mode of 3D-IDS system is explored and described by showing how to fill in,countersign and apply with 3D-IDS file.The 2D drawing and sketch are removed from 3D-IDS system to avoid information redundancy of mechanical interface.The consistency between 3D model and the parameters of IDS file can be guaranteed by the interface tool.The efficiency of filling in,countersigning and applying,has been improved significantly,which greatly promotes the coordination and total efficiency of spacecraft system design departments and unit design departments.
基金supported by the STI 2030 Major Projects(2022ZD0211700)the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province,China(2018B030339001)+2 种基金the Key Realm R&D Program of Guangzhou,China(202007030007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82371538)The authors gratefully acknowledge the approval granted by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University for this study involving human participants,with the approval ID(2021)No.071.
文摘Depression is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and can profoundly impact their lives.However,the early detection of depression is often hindered by the timeconsuming diagnostic process and the absence of objective biomarkers.In this study,we propose a novel approach for depression detection based on an affective brain-computer interface(aBCI)and the resting-state electroencephalogram(EEG).By fusing EEG features associated with both emotional and resting states,our method captures comprehensive depression-related information.The final depression detection model,derived through decision fusion with multiple independent models,further enhances detection efficacy.Our experiments involved 40 adolescents with depression and 40 matched controls.The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 86.54%on cross-validation and 88.20%on the independent test set,demonstrating the efficiency of multi-modal fusion.In addition,further analysis revealed distinct brain activity patterns between the two groups across different modalities.These findings hold promise for new directions in depression detection and intervention.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22205165).
文摘Moisture-enabled electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a promising sustainable energy harvesting technology,comparable to photovoltaics,thermoelectrics,and triboelectrics[1].MEGs generate electricity by converting the chemical potential of moisture into electric energy through interactions with hygroscopic materials and nanostructured interfaces.Unlike solar or thermal harvesters,MEGs operate continuously by utilizing ubiquitous atmospheric moisture,granting them unique spatial and temporal adaptability.Despite nearly a decade of progress and the exploration of diverse material systems for MEG,the overall output power remains significantly limited due to inherently low charge carrier concentrations and restricted ion diffusion fluxes[2].As a result,standalone MEG devices often deliver low and unstable output,limiting practical applications.To enhance performance and versatility,recent efforts have explored hybridization of MEG with other ambient energy sources such as triboelectric or thermoelectric effects.
