Modulating the interface between the electron transport layer(ETL)and perovskite to minimize interfacial recombination is pivotal for developing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.Here,we introduce an ultra-t...Modulating the interface between the electron transport layer(ETL)and perovskite to minimize interfacial recombination is pivotal for developing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.Here,we introduce an ultra-thin ZrO_(2)insulating interface layer onto the inner surface of the mesoporous TiO_(2)ETL via the chemical bath deposition in the zirconium n-butoxide solution,which alters the interface characteristics between TiO_(2)and perovskite for the printable hole-conductor-free mesoscopic perovskite solar cells(p-MPSCs).The insulating ZrO_(2)interface layer reduces interface defects and suppresses interfacial non-radiative recombination.Furthermore,the ZrO_(2)interface layer improves the wettability of the mesoporous TiO_(2)ETL,which favors the crystallization of perovskite within the mesoporous scaffold.Meanwhile,the device performance presents thickness dependence on the interface layer.While increased thickness improves the open-circuit voltage,excessive thickness negatively impacts both the short-circuit current density and fill factor.Consequently,an improved power conversion efficiency of 19.9% was achieved for p-MPSCs with the ZrO_(2)interface layer at its optimized thickness.展开更多
The uncontrollable growth of Zn dendrites accompanied by side reactions severely impedes the industrialized process of zinc ion electrochemical energy storage devices.Herein,we propose a practical metalorganic complex...The uncontrollable growth of Zn dendrites accompanied by side reactions severely impedes the industrialized process of zinc ion electrochemical energy storage devices.Herein,we propose a practical metalorganic complex interface layer to manipulate the zinc ion flux and electric field intensity,enabling highly homogeneous zinc electrodeposition.The zinc-terephthalic acid complex(ZnPTA)with lower adsorption energy for zinc ion(-1.3 eV)builds a zincophilic interface favoring the ordered nucleation and growth of Zn.Moreover,the ZnPTA layer can serve as physical barrier to protect the newly deposited Zn from corrosion in the aqueous electrolyte.The modified Zn anode with the ZnPTA layer(ZnPTA@Zn)demonstrates excellent cycling stability more than 3000 h at 1 mA/cm^(2).Besides,the zinc-ion battery and zinc-ion hybrid capacitor using the ZnPTA@Zn electrode deliver outstanding cycle performance(up to 5500 cycles with high residual capacity ratio of 77.9%).This work provides a promising metal-organic complex interface design on enhancing the performance of Zn metal anode.展开更多
Organic solar cells(OSCs)have gained conspicuous progress during the past few decades due to the development of materials and upgrading of the device structure.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the single-junctio...Organic solar cells(OSCs)have gained conspicuous progress during the past few decades due to the development of materials and upgrading of the device structure.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the single-junction device had surpassed 19%.The cathode interface layer(CIL),by optimizing the connection between the active layer and the cathode electrode,has become a momentous part to strengthen the performances of the OSCs.Simultaneously,CIL is also indispensable to illustrating the working mechanism of OSCs and enhancing the stability of the OSCs.In this essay,hybrid CILs in OSCs have been summarized.Firstly,the advancement and operating mechanism of OSCs,and the effects and relevant design rules of CIL are briefly concluded;secondly,the significant influence of CIL on enhancing the stability and PCE of OSCs is presented;thirdly,the characteristics of organic hybrid CIL and organic-inorganic hybrid CIL are introduced.Finally,the conclusion and outlook of CIL are summarized.展开更多
In this work, graphene oxide(GO) nanosheets with surface modification by Tannic and Fe coordination complexes(TA-Fe) were incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) to prepare high constant but low loss polymer...In this work, graphene oxide(GO) nanosheets with surface modification by Tannic and Fe coordination complexes(TA-Fe) were incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) to prepare high constant but low loss polymer nanocomposites, and the effect of TA-Fe interlayer on dielectric properties of the GO@TA-Fe/PVDF nanocomposites was investigated. The results indicate that the dosage, mixing ratio, and reaction time of TA-Fe complexes have obvious influences on the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the TA-Fe interlayer significantly influences the electrical properties of GO@TA-Fe nanoparticles and their PVDF composites, and the GO@TA-Fe/PVDF composites exhibit superior dielectric properties compared with raw GO/PVDF. Dielectric losses of the GO@TA-Fe/PVDF are significantly suppressed to a rather low level owing to the presence of TA-Fe layer, which serves as an interlayer between the GO sheets, thus preventing them from direct contacting with each other. Additionally, the dynamic dielectric relaxation of the GO/PVDF and GO@TA-Fe/PVDF nanocomposites was investigated in terms of temperature.展开更多
Designing a durable lithium metal anode for solid state batteries requires a controllable and uniform deposition of lithium, and the metal lithium layer should maintain a good interface contact with solid state electr...Designing a durable lithium metal anode for solid state batteries requires a controllable and uniform deposition of lithium, and the metal lithium layer should maintain a good interface contact with solid state electrolyte during cycles. In this work, we construct a robust functional interface layer on the modified LiB electrode which considerably improves the electrochemical stability of lithium metal electrode in solid state batteries. It is found that the functional interface layer consisting of polydioxolane, polyiodide ion and Li TFSI effectively restrains the growth of lithium dendrites through the redox shuttle reaction of I-/I3-and maintains a good contact between lithium anode and solid electrolyte during cycles. Benefit from these two advantages, the modified Li-B anode exhibits a remarkable cyclic performance in comparison with those of the bare Li-B anode.展开更多
Tantalum nitride(Ta_(3)N_(5))is a very promising photoanode material due to its narrow band gap(2.1 eV)and suitable band alignment for solar water splitting.However,it suffers from severe photocorrosion during water o...Tantalum nitride(Ta_(3)N_(5))is a very promising photoanode material due to its narrow band gap(2.1 eV)and suitable band alignment for solar water splitting.However,it suffers from severe photocorrosion during water oxidation.In this work,it was found that surface passivation by AlO_(x) and TiO_(x) layers results in dramatically different PEC performance of Ta_(3)N_(5) photoanode for water oxidation.The mechanism study indicates that the negative charges on AlO_(x) can generate additional field to promote separation of photogenerated charges,while the positive charges on TiO_(x) layer show the opposite effect.As a result,the Ta_(3)N_(5) based photoanode modified with AlO_(x) layer gives a high photocurrent of 12.5 mA cm^(-2) for 24 h at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE).Dynamic analysis implies that the hole extraction and transfer are significantly improved by the modification with the AlO_(x) layer.This work reveals the importance of the charges on surface passivation layer in interface engineering of photoelectrodes.展开更多
After interface layer was simulated by the magnetic nano-particles in the egg white phantom, high intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） at the same dosage was introduced to radiate the phantom in different depths to b...After interface layer was simulated by the magnetic nano-particles in the egg white phantom, high intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） at the same dosage was introduced to radiate the phantom in different depths to blow the acoustic interface layer to mimic ＂point＂ exposure. The results showed that the volumes of biological focal region （BFR） were enlarged when the acoustic focal region （AFR） is close with interface layer. This meant that the magnetic nano-particles enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of HIFU. When the distance of the AFR from the interface layer was 10 mm, the size and shape of the BFR were similar with those of the control group, but a larger lesion at the interface, which was harmful for treatment, was observed. When the distance of the AFR to the interface layer increased to 30 mm, the size and shape of the BFR were also similar to those of the control group. When the thickness of the interface layer diminished, the utility of enhancement decreased. Continuous increase of the safe area for treatment and decrease of the utility of enhancement were observed along with the abatement of the thickness of the interface layer展开更多
Polycrystalline diamond films have been synthesized on various substrates by hot filament CVD from the mixture gases of methane and hydrogen. The interface layers between CVD diamond films and substrates have been inv...Polycrystalline diamond films have been synthesized on various substrates by hot filament CVD from the mixture gases of methane and hydrogen. The interface layers between CVD diamond films and substrates have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, visible luminescence between 2.0～3.5eV of undoped and boron-doped CVD diamond films has also been studied by cathodoluminescence.展开更多
The average thickncss of the interface layer wrapped about sols usually is determined by fitling the Porod curve that shuws anegative deviation from Porod's law.In this paper we show.that it could also be determin...The average thickncss of the interface layer wrapped about sols usually is determined by fitling the Porod curve that shuws anegative deviation from Porod's law.In this paper we show.that it could also be determined by a new method that includes the ful-lowing steps;(1)determining the average radius R,of the sol particles ineluding intlerface layer from the small angle X-ray scat-lering data in which shows negalive deviation from Porod's law;(2)detemining the average rardius R2 of the sol particlks not in-cluding the interface layer from the seattering daia in which las been correeted the negative deviation from P'orod'a law;(3)thedifference AR Lelwcen R1 and R2,i.e,AR=R1-R2,is just the average thieknoss of thr intcrfuce layer wrapperd alunt swuls,By using tlhe:above methol,the average thickness of tie interface layer wrapped about SiO2 wols prepared under dilferent runli-tions were determined.展开更多
Recently,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs)has been substantially advanced by optimizing the acceptors and cathode interface layers(CILs).Perylene diimide(PDI)has been universally used in...Recently,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs)has been substantially advanced by optimizing the acceptors and cathode interface layers(CILs).Perylene diimide(PDI)has been universally used in acceptors and CILs for OSCs owing to its chemical and photothermal stability,structural tunability,and high electron mobility.Nevertheless,the high planarity of PDI tends to result in excessive aggregation,which suppresses the PCE of the OSCs.Notably,the bay-functionalization strategy of PDI can optimize the light absorption properties,charge transfer(CT),and aggregation behavior,which dramatically boost the PCE of OSCs.Here,a systematic summary of acceptors and CILs based on the bay-substitution of PDI is reviewed.First,the progress history and working principle of OSCs are reviewed,and the mechanisms of the acceptors and CILs,as well as the functional properties of the disparate positions of PDI,are elaborated.Second,the relationship between the performance and structure of the bay-modified PDI acceptors and CILs was discussed in depth.Finally,the conclusions and outlooks of acceptors and CILs for bay-substituted PDI are presented.This review provides valuable insights for optimizing the performance of OSCs by modifying the PDI in bay regions.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)are regarded as strong contenders in secondary battery systems due to their high safety and abundant resources.However,the cycling performance of the Zn anode and the overall performa...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)are regarded as strong contenders in secondary battery systems due to their high safety and abundant resources.However,the cycling performance of the Zn anode and the overall performance of the cells have often been hindered by the formation of Zn dendrites and the occurrence of parasitic side reactions.In this paper,a surface electron reconfiguration strategy is proposed to optimize the adsorption energy and migration energy of Zn^(2+)for a better Zn^(2+)deposition/stripping process by adjusting the electronic structure of ceric dioxide(CeO_(2))artificial interface layer with copper atoms(Cu)doped.Both experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Cu_(2)Ce_(7)Ox interface facilitates rapid transport of Zn^(2+)due to the optimized electronic structure and appropriate electron density,leading to a highly reversible and stable Zn anode.Consequently,the Cu_(2)Ce_(7)Ox@Zn symmetric cell exhibits an overpotential of only 24 mV after stable cycling for over 1600 h at a current density of 1 mA/cm^(2)and a capacity of 1 mAh/cm^(2).Additionally,the cycle life of Cu/Zn asymmetric cells exceeds 2500 h,with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%.This paper provides a novel approach to the artificial interface layer strategy,offering new insights for improving the performance of ZMBs.展开更多
Modern communication systems call for high performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials capable of mitigating microwaves over a wide frequency band. The synergistic effect of structure and component regulatio...Modern communication systems call for high performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials capable of mitigating microwaves over a wide frequency band. The synergistic effect of structure and component regulation on the electromagnetic wave absorption capacity of materials is considered. In this paper, a new type of three-dimensional porous carbon matrix composite is reported utilizing a reasonable design of surface impedance matching. Specifically, a thin layer of densely arranged Fe-Cr oxide particles is deposited on the surface of porous carbon via thermal reduction to prepare the Fe-Cr-O@PC composites. The effect of Cr doping on the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the composites and the underlying attenuation mechanism have been uncovered. Consequently, outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption performance has been achieved in the composite, primarily contributed by the enhanced dielectric loss upon Cr doping. Accordingly, an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.08 GHz is achieved at a thickness of 1.4 mm, with a minimum reflection loss value of −52.71 dB. This work not only provides inspiration for the development of novel absorbers with superior performance but also holds significant potential for further advancement and practical application.展开更多
By inserting a thin highly doped crystalline silicon layer between the base region and amorphous silicon layer in an interdigitated back-contact （IBC） silicon solar cell, a new passivation layer is investigated. The...By inserting a thin highly doped crystalline silicon layer between the base region and amorphous silicon layer in an interdigitated back-contact （IBC） silicon solar cell, a new passivation layer is investigated. The passivation layer performance is characterized by numerical simulations. Moreover, the dependence of the output parameters of the solar cell on the additional layer parameters （doping concentration and thickness） is studied. By optimizing the additional passivation layer in terms of doping concentration and thickness, the power conversion efficiency could be improved by a factor of 2.5%, open circuit voltage is increased by 30 mV and the fill factor of the solar cell by 7.4%. The performance enhancement is achieved due to the decrease of recombination rate, a decrease in solar cell resistivity and improvement of field effect passivation at heterojunction interface. The above-mentioned results are compared with reported results of the same conventional interdigitated back-contact silicon solar cell structure. Furthermore, the effect of a-Si：H/c-Si interface defect density on IBC silicon solar cell parameters with a new passivation layer is studied. The additional passivation layer also reduces the sensitivity of output parameter of solar cell to interface defect density.展开更多
Lithium manganese oxide （LiMn2O4） is a principal cathode material for high power and high energy density electrochemical storage on account of its low cost, non-toxicity, and ease of preparation relative to other ca...Lithium manganese oxide （LiMn2O4） is a principal cathode material for high power and high energy density electrochemical storage on account of its low cost, non-toxicity, and ease of preparation relative to other cathode materials. However, there are well-documented problems with capacity fade of lithium ion batteries containing LiMn2O4. Experimental observations indicate that the manganese content of the electrolyte increases as an electrochemical cell containing LiMn2O4 ages, suggesting that active material loss by dissolution of divalent manganese from the LiMn2O4 surface is the primary reason for reduced cell life in LiMn2O4 batteries. To improve the retention of manganese in the active material, it is key to understand the reactions that occur at the cathode surface. Although a thin layer of electrolyte decomposition products is known to form at the cathode surface, the speciation and reaction mechanisms of Mn^2＋ in this interface layer are not yet well understood. To bridge this knowledge gap, reactive force field （ReaxFF） based molecular dynamics was applied to investigate the reactions occurring at the LiMn2O4 cathode surface and the mechanisms that lead to manganese dissolution. The ReaxFFMD simulations reveal that the cathode-electrolyte interface layer is composed of oxida- tion products of electrolyte solvent molecules including aldehydes, esters, alcohols, polycarbonates, and organic radicals. The oxidation reaction pathways for the electro- lyre solvent molecules involve the formation of surface hydroxyl species that react with exposed manganese atoms on the cathode surface. The presence of hydrogen fluoride （HF） induces formation of inorganic metal fluorides and surface hydroxyl species. Reaction products predicted by ReaxFF-based MD are in agreement with experimentally identified cathode-electrolyte interface compounds. An overall cathode-electrolyte interface reaction scheme is proposed based on the molecular simulation results.展开更多
The interaction of MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based and MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractories with X70 molten steel was studied by immersion experiments at 1560℃.The effects of immersion time(30 and 60 min)on the contents of tot...The interaction of MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based and MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractories with X70 molten steel was studied by immersion experiments at 1560℃.The effects of immersion time(30 and 60 min)on the contents of total oxygen(TO),Al,Nb,Si,Mn,and Cr as well as the composition,number density,and size distribution of inclusions in the molten steel were investigated.The influence of the penetration and erosion degree of the molten steel to the refractory on the steel-refractory interface layer was analyzed.The results show that,at 1560℃,the MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory can better control the contents of TO and the composition of molten steel compared with the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractory.The TO content is only 16×10^(-4) wt.%in the molten steel after reacted with the Mg0-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory at the end point of refining,4 accounting for 11.5%of that reacted with the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractory(139×10^(-4) wt.%).The number density of inclusions is only 14 mm^(-2),and the average size ofinclusions is only 1.31μm,with thelargest proportion of inclusions in 1-2μm(70%).The Al_(2)O_(3)-MnS-CaO complex inclusions in the original steel changed to complex inclusions dominated by Cr-Nb-Mn-S-O and MgO.Al_(2)O_(3),corresponding to the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based and MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractories,respectively.The MgO.Al_(2)O_(3) layer was formed at the reaction interface between MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory and molten steel,which is helpful to restrict the erosion of refractories and the pollution of molten steel.The damage mechanism of the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractory is mainly permeation and chemical reaction,while the damage of the MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory is mainlyscouring erosion.展开更多
This paper presents two uniformly convergent numerical schemes for the two dimensional steady state discrete ordinates transport equation in the diffusive regime,which is valid up to the boundary and interface layers....This paper presents two uniformly convergent numerical schemes for the two dimensional steady state discrete ordinates transport equation in the diffusive regime,which is valid up to the boundary and interface layers.A five-point nodecentered and a four-point cell-centered tailored finite point schemes(TFPS)are introduced.The schemes first approximate the scattering coefficients and sources by piecewise constant functions and then use special solutions to the constant coefficient equation as local basis functions to formulate a discrete linear system.Numerically,both methods can not only capture the diffusion limit,but also exhibit uniform convergence in the diffusive regime,even with boundary layers.Numerical results show that the five-point scheme has first-order accuracy and the four-point scheme has second-order accuracy,uniformly with respect to the mean free path.Therefore a relatively coarse grid can be used to capture the two dimensional boundary and interface layers.展开更多
The ceramic filter in continuous casting tundish can effectively improve the cleanliness of high-performance steel by regulating tundish flow field to promote the removal of inclusions and adsorbing or blocking fine i...The ceramic filter in continuous casting tundish can effectively improve the cleanliness of high-performance steel by regulating tundish flow field to promote the removal of inclusions and adsorbing or blocking fine inclusions in the molten steel into the mold.The interaction between microporous magnesia refractories used as tundish filter and molten interstitial-free(IF)steel at 1873 K was investigated to reveal the formation mechanism of their interface layer and its effect on steel cleanliness by laboratory research and thermodynamic calculations.The results show that the magnesium–aluminum spinel layer at the interface between the molten IF steel and the microporous magnesia refractories is formed mainly by the reaction of MgO in the refractory with the[Al]and[O]in the molten steel,significantly reducing the total O content,the size and amount of inclusions of the molten steel.In addition,the interparticle phases of microporous magnesia refractories at high temperature can adsorb Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) inclusions in the molten steel into interparticle channels of the refractories to form high melting point spinel,impeding the further penetration of the molten steel.As a result,the consecutive interface layer of high melting point spinel between microporous magnesia refractories and molten steel can improve the cleanliness of the molten steel by adsorbing inclusions in the molten steel and avoid the direct dissolution of refractories of the tundish ceramic filter immersed in the molten steel,increasing their service life.展开更多
Thermal conduetances between Cu and graphene covered carbon nanotubes （gCNTs） are calculated by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the thermal conductance is about ten times larger than that of Cu...Thermal conduetances between Cu and graphene covered carbon nanotubes （gCNTs） are calculated by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the thermal conductance is about ten times larger than that of Cu- CNT interface. The enhanced thermal conductance is due to the larger contact area introduced by the graphene layer and the stronger thermal transfer ability of the Cu-gCNT interface. From the linear increasing thermal conductance with the increasing total contact area, an effective contact area of such an interface can be defined.展开更多
The ineluctable introduction of lithium salt to polymer solid-state electrolytes incurs a compromise between strength,ionic conductivity,and thickness.Here,we propose Al_(2)O_(3)-coated polyimide(AO/PI)porous film as ...The ineluctable introduction of lithium salt to polymer solid-state electrolytes incurs a compromise between strength,ionic conductivity,and thickness.Here,we propose Al_(2)O_(3)-coated polyimide(AO/PI)porous film as a high-strength substrate to support fast-ion-conducting polymer-in-salt(PIS)solid-state electrolytes,aiming to suppress lithium dendrite growth and improve full-cell performance.The Al_(2)O_(3)coating layer not only refines the wettability of polyimide porous film to PIS,but also performs as a high modulus protective layer to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.The resulting PI/AO@PIS exhibits a small thickness of only 35μm with an outstanding tensile strength of 11.3 MPa and Young's modulus of 537.6 MPa.In addition,the PI/AO@PIS delivers a high ionic conductivity of 0.1 m S/cm at 25°C.As a result,the PI/AO@PIS enables symmetric Li cells to achieve exceptional cyclability for over 1000 h at 0.1 m A/cm2without noticeable lithium dendrite formation.Moreover,the PI/AO@PIS-based LiFePO4||Li full cells demonstrate outstanding rate performance(125.7 m Ah/g at 5 C)and impressive cycling stability(96.1%capacity retention at 1 C after 200 cycles).This work highlights the efficacy of enhancing the mechanical properties of polymer matrices and extending cell performance through the incorporation of a dense inorganic interface layer.展开更多
Perovskite-based photovoltaic materials have been attracting attention for their strikingly improved performance at converting sunlight into electricity.The beneficial and unique optoelectronic characteristics of pero...Perovskite-based photovoltaic materials have been attracting attention for their strikingly improved performance at converting sunlight into electricity.The beneficial and unique optoelectronic characteristics of perovskite structures enable researchers to achieve an incredibly remarkable power conversion efficiency.Flexible hybrid perovskite photovoltaics promise emerging applications in a myriad of optoelectronic and wearable/portable device applications owing to their inherent intriguing physicochemical and photophysical properties which enabled researchers to take forward advanced research in this growing field.Flexible perovskite photovoltaics have attracted significant attention owing to their fascinating material properties with combined merits of high efficiency,light-weight,flexibility,semitransparency,compatibility towards roll-to-roll printing,and large-area mass-scale production.Flexible perovskite-based solar cells comprise of 4 key components that include a flexible substrate,semi-transparent bottom contact electrode,perovskite(light absorber layer)and charge transport(electron/hole)layers and top(usually metal)electrode.Among these components,interfacial layers and contact electrodes play a pivotal role in influencing the overall photovoltaic performance.In this comprehensive review article,we focus on the current developments and latest progress achieved in perovskite photovoltaics concerning the charge selective transport layers/electrodes toward the fabrication of highly stable,efficient flexible devices.As a concluding remark,we briefly summarize the highlights of the review article and make recommendations for future outlook and investigation with perspectives on the perovskite-based optoelectronic functional devices that can be potentially utilized in smart wearable and portable devices.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22439001,52172198,51902117)supported by the Innovation Fund of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronicsthe Analytical and Testing Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST)for performing various characterizations。
文摘Modulating the interface between the electron transport layer(ETL)and perovskite to minimize interfacial recombination is pivotal for developing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.Here,we introduce an ultra-thin ZrO_(2)insulating interface layer onto the inner surface of the mesoporous TiO_(2)ETL via the chemical bath deposition in the zirconium n-butoxide solution,which alters the interface characteristics between TiO_(2)and perovskite for the printable hole-conductor-free mesoscopic perovskite solar cells(p-MPSCs).The insulating ZrO_(2)interface layer reduces interface defects and suppresses interfacial non-radiative recombination.Furthermore,the ZrO_(2)interface layer improves the wettability of the mesoporous TiO_(2)ETL,which favors the crystallization of perovskite within the mesoporous scaffold.Meanwhile,the device performance presents thickness dependence on the interface layer.While increased thickness improves the open-circuit voltage,excessive thickness negatively impacts both the short-circuit current density and fill factor.Consequently,an improved power conversion efficiency of 19.9% was achieved for p-MPSCs with the ZrO_(2)interface layer at its optimized thickness.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘The uncontrollable growth of Zn dendrites accompanied by side reactions severely impedes the industrialized process of zinc ion electrochemical energy storage devices.Herein,we propose a practical metalorganic complex interface layer to manipulate the zinc ion flux and electric field intensity,enabling highly homogeneous zinc electrodeposition.The zinc-terephthalic acid complex(ZnPTA)with lower adsorption energy for zinc ion(-1.3 eV)builds a zincophilic interface favoring the ordered nucleation and growth of Zn.Moreover,the ZnPTA layer can serve as physical barrier to protect the newly deposited Zn from corrosion in the aqueous electrolyte.The modified Zn anode with the ZnPTA layer(ZnPTA@Zn)demonstrates excellent cycling stability more than 3000 h at 1 mA/cm^(2).Besides,the zinc-ion battery and zinc-ion hybrid capacitor using the ZnPTA@Zn electrode deliver outstanding cycle performance(up to 5500 cycles with high residual capacity ratio of 77.9%).This work provides a promising metal-organic complex interface design on enhancing the performance of Zn metal anode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52263017,21965023,52173170,51973087,and22065025)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangxi Province(20212ACB214009)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20212ACB203010,20224BAB214007 and20212BAB204052)the Training Project of High-level and Highskilled Leading Talents of Jiangxi Province(2023)the Thousand Talents Plan of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2019201004 and jxsq2020101068)。
文摘Organic solar cells(OSCs)have gained conspicuous progress during the past few decades due to the development of materials and upgrading of the device structure.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the single-junction device had surpassed 19%.The cathode interface layer(CIL),by optimizing the connection between the active layer and the cathode electrode,has become a momentous part to strengthen the performances of the OSCs.Simultaneously,CIL is also indispensable to illustrating the working mechanism of OSCs and enhancing the stability of the OSCs.In this essay,hybrid CILs in OSCs have been summarized.Firstly,the advancement and operating mechanism of OSCs,and the effects and relevant design rules of CIL are briefly concluded;secondly,the significant influence of CIL on enhancing the stability and PCE of OSCs is presented;thirdly,the characteristics of organic hybrid CIL and organic-inorganic hybrid CIL are introduced.Finally,the conclusion and outlook of CIL are summarized.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51577154,21373158 and21073139)the Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application,Ministry of Education,Harbin University of Science and Technology(No.KF20151111)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2016JM5014)the fellowship provided by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)
文摘In this work, graphene oxide(GO) nanosheets with surface modification by Tannic and Fe coordination complexes(TA-Fe) were incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) to prepare high constant but low loss polymer nanocomposites, and the effect of TA-Fe interlayer on dielectric properties of the GO@TA-Fe/PVDF nanocomposites was investigated. The results indicate that the dosage, mixing ratio, and reaction time of TA-Fe complexes have obvious influences on the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the TA-Fe interlayer significantly influences the electrical properties of GO@TA-Fe nanoparticles and their PVDF composites, and the GO@TA-Fe/PVDF composites exhibit superior dielectric properties compared with raw GO/PVDF. Dielectric losses of the GO@TA-Fe/PVDF are significantly suppressed to a rather low level owing to the presence of TA-Fe layer, which serves as an interlayer between the GO sheets, thus preventing them from direct contacting with each other. Additionally, the dynamic dielectric relaxation of the GO/PVDF and GO@TA-Fe/PVDF nanocomposites was investigated in terms of temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 21805113)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NO. 11618410 and NO. 11619103)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (NO. 2019M653271)。
文摘Designing a durable lithium metal anode for solid state batteries requires a controllable and uniform deposition of lithium, and the metal lithium layer should maintain a good interface contact with solid state electrolyte during cycles. In this work, we construct a robust functional interface layer on the modified LiB electrode which considerably improves the electrochemical stability of lithium metal electrode in solid state batteries. It is found that the functional interface layer consisting of polydioxolane, polyiodide ion and Li TFSI effectively restrains the growth of lithium dendrites through the redox shuttle reaction of I-/I3-and maintains a good contact between lithium anode and solid electrolyte during cycles. Benefit from these two advantages, the modified Li-B anode exhibits a remarkable cyclic performance in comparison with those of the bare Li-B anode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21573230,21761142018)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB 17000000).
文摘Tantalum nitride(Ta_(3)N_(5))is a very promising photoanode material due to its narrow band gap(2.1 eV)and suitable band alignment for solar water splitting.However,it suffers from severe photocorrosion during water oxidation.In this work,it was found that surface passivation by AlO_(x) and TiO_(x) layers results in dramatically different PEC performance of Ta_(3)N_(5) photoanode for water oxidation.The mechanism study indicates that the negative charges on AlO_(x) can generate additional field to promote separation of photogenerated charges,while the positive charges on TiO_(x) layer show the opposite effect.As a result,the Ta_(3)N_(5) based photoanode modified with AlO_(x) layer gives a high photocurrent of 12.5 mA cm^(-2) for 24 h at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE).Dynamic analysis implies that the hole extraction and transfer are significantly improved by the modification with the AlO_(x) layer.This work reveals the importance of the charges on surface passivation layer in interface engineering of photoelectrodes.
基金the Development Plan for Innovation Teams of Ministry of Education (2005-33)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30471653)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (2006BA5020)
文摘After interface layer was simulated by the magnetic nano-particles in the egg white phantom, high intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） at the same dosage was introduced to radiate the phantom in different depths to blow the acoustic interface layer to mimic ＂point＂ exposure. The results showed that the volumes of biological focal region （BFR） were enlarged when the acoustic focal region （AFR） is close with interface layer. This meant that the magnetic nano-particles enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of HIFU. When the distance of the AFR from the interface layer was 10 mm, the size and shape of the BFR were similar with those of the control group, but a larger lesion at the interface, which was harmful for treatment, was observed. When the distance of the AFR to the interface layer increased to 30 mm, the size and shape of the BFR were also similar to those of the control group. When the thickness of the interface layer diminished, the utility of enhancement decreased. Continuous increase of the safe area for treatment and decrease of the utility of enhancement were observed along with the abatement of the thickness of the interface layer
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Polycrystalline diamond films have been synthesized on various substrates by hot filament CVD from the mixture gases of methane and hydrogen. The interface layers between CVD diamond films and substrates have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, visible luminescence between 2.0～3.5eV of undoped and boron-doped CVD diamond films has also been studied by cathodoluminescence.
文摘The average thickncss of the interface layer wrapped about sols usually is determined by fitling the Porod curve that shuws anegative deviation from Porod's law.In this paper we show.that it could also be determined by a new method that includes the ful-lowing steps;(1)determining the average radius R,of the sol particles ineluding intlerface layer from the small angle X-ray scat-lering data in which shows negalive deviation from Porod's law;(2)detemining the average rardius R2 of the sol particlks not in-cluding the interface layer from the seattering daia in which las been correeted the negative deviation from P'orod'a law;(3)thedifference AR Lelwcen R1 and R2,i.e,AR=R1-R2,is just the average thieknoss of thr intcrfuce layer wrapperd alunt swuls,By using tlhe:above methol,the average thickness of tie interface layer wrapped about SiO2 wols prepared under dilferent runli-tions were determined.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52263017,52173170,22369013,22169013)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20242BAB26057,20224BAB214007,20224ACB218004,20232BAB203046)+1 种基金Start-up Funds for Doctoral Research of Yuzhang Normal University(0001845002)Training Project of High-level and High-skilled Leading Talents of Jiangxi Province(2023)
文摘Recently,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs)has been substantially advanced by optimizing the acceptors and cathode interface layers(CILs).Perylene diimide(PDI)has been universally used in acceptors and CILs for OSCs owing to its chemical and photothermal stability,structural tunability,and high electron mobility.Nevertheless,the high planarity of PDI tends to result in excessive aggregation,which suppresses the PCE of the OSCs.Notably,the bay-functionalization strategy of PDI can optimize the light absorption properties,charge transfer(CT),and aggregation behavior,which dramatically boost the PCE of OSCs.Here,a systematic summary of acceptors and CILs based on the bay-substitution of PDI is reviewed.First,the progress history and working principle of OSCs are reviewed,and the mechanisms of the acceptors and CILs,as well as the functional properties of the disparate positions of PDI,are elaborated.Second,the relationship between the performance and structure of the bay-modified PDI acceptors and CILs was discussed in depth.Finally,the conclusions and outlooks of acceptors and CILs for bay-substituted PDI are presented.This review provides valuable insights for optimizing the performance of OSCs by modifying the PDI in bay regions.
基金supported by the Fujian Province Super 100 Talents Programthe Pilot Group Program of the Research Fund for International Senior Scientists(No.22250710676)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22409029)the Fuzhou University Testing Fund of Precious Apparatus(Nos.2024T004 and 2024T005)the Scientific Research Fund for Fuzhou University(Nos.511336 and 511346).
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)are regarded as strong contenders in secondary battery systems due to their high safety and abundant resources.However,the cycling performance of the Zn anode and the overall performance of the cells have often been hindered by the formation of Zn dendrites and the occurrence of parasitic side reactions.In this paper,a surface electron reconfiguration strategy is proposed to optimize the adsorption energy and migration energy of Zn^(2+)for a better Zn^(2+)deposition/stripping process by adjusting the electronic structure of ceric dioxide(CeO_(2))artificial interface layer with copper atoms(Cu)doped.Both experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Cu_(2)Ce_(7)Ox interface facilitates rapid transport of Zn^(2+)due to the optimized electronic structure and appropriate electron density,leading to a highly reversible and stable Zn anode.Consequently,the Cu_(2)Ce_(7)Ox@Zn symmetric cell exhibits an overpotential of only 24 mV after stable cycling for over 1600 h at a current density of 1 mA/cm^(2)and a capacity of 1 mAh/cm^(2).Additionally,the cycle life of Cu/Zn asymmetric cells exceeds 2500 h,with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%.This paper provides a novel approach to the artificial interface layer strategy,offering new insights for improving the performance of ZMBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52301192)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20240327)+5 种基金Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCX-ZG-202400275)Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(No.QDBSH20240102023)China Postdoctoral Foundation(No.2024M751563)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei province(No.2024AFB460)the Scientific Research Foundation for Ph.Ds,Hubei University of Automotive Technology(No.BK202304).Guiding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.P2021-023).The Outstanding Young Scientific & Technological Innovation Team Plan of Colleges and Universities in Hubei Province(No.T201518).The Independent Innovation Projects of the Hubei Longzhong Laboratory(No.2022ZZ-30)the Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution(Research and Innovation Team of Structural-Functional Polymer Composites).
文摘Modern communication systems call for high performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials capable of mitigating microwaves over a wide frequency band. The synergistic effect of structure and component regulation on the electromagnetic wave absorption capacity of materials is considered. In this paper, a new type of three-dimensional porous carbon matrix composite is reported utilizing a reasonable design of surface impedance matching. Specifically, a thin layer of densely arranged Fe-Cr oxide particles is deposited on the surface of porous carbon via thermal reduction to prepare the Fe-Cr-O@PC composites. The effect of Cr doping on the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the composites and the underlying attenuation mechanism have been uncovered. Consequently, outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption performance has been achieved in the composite, primarily contributed by the enhanced dielectric loss upon Cr doping. Accordingly, an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.08 GHz is achieved at a thickness of 1.4 mm, with a minimum reflection loss value of −52.71 dB. This work not only provides inspiration for the development of novel absorbers with superior performance but also holds significant potential for further advancement and practical application.
文摘By inserting a thin highly doped crystalline silicon layer between the base region and amorphous silicon layer in an interdigitated back-contact （IBC） silicon solar cell, a new passivation layer is investigated. The passivation layer performance is characterized by numerical simulations. Moreover, the dependence of the output parameters of the solar cell on the additional layer parameters （doping concentration and thickness） is studied. By optimizing the additional passivation layer in terms of doping concentration and thickness, the power conversion efficiency could be improved by a factor of 2.5%, open circuit voltage is increased by 30 mV and the fill factor of the solar cell by 7.4%. The performance enhancement is achieved due to the decrease of recombination rate, a decrease in solar cell resistivity and improvement of field effect passivation at heterojunction interface. The above-mentioned results are compared with reported results of the same conventional interdigitated back-contact silicon solar cell structure. Furthermore, the effect of a-Si：H/c-Si interface defect density on IBC silicon solar cell parameters with a new passivation layer is studied. The additional passivation layer also reduces the sensitivity of output parameter of solar cell to interface defect density.
文摘Lithium manganese oxide （LiMn2O4） is a principal cathode material for high power and high energy density electrochemical storage on account of its low cost, non-toxicity, and ease of preparation relative to other cathode materials. However, there are well-documented problems with capacity fade of lithium ion batteries containing LiMn2O4. Experimental observations indicate that the manganese content of the electrolyte increases as an electrochemical cell containing LiMn2O4 ages, suggesting that active material loss by dissolution of divalent manganese from the LiMn2O4 surface is the primary reason for reduced cell life in LiMn2O4 batteries. To improve the retention of manganese in the active material, it is key to understand the reactions that occur at the cathode surface. Although a thin layer of electrolyte decomposition products is known to form at the cathode surface, the speciation and reaction mechanisms of Mn^2＋ in this interface layer are not yet well understood. To bridge this knowledge gap, reactive force field （ReaxFF） based molecular dynamics was applied to investigate the reactions occurring at the LiMn2O4 cathode surface and the mechanisms that lead to manganese dissolution. The ReaxFFMD simulations reveal that the cathode-electrolyte interface layer is composed of oxida- tion products of electrolyte solvent molecules including aldehydes, esters, alcohols, polycarbonates, and organic radicals. The oxidation reaction pathways for the electro- lyre solvent molecules involve the formation of surface hydroxyl species that react with exposed manganese atoms on the cathode surface. The presence of hydrogen fluoride （HF） induces formation of inorganic metal fluorides and surface hydroxyl species. Reaction products predicted by ReaxFF-based MD are in agreement with experimentally identified cathode-electrolyte interface compounds. An overall cathode-electrolyte interface reaction scheme is proposed based on the molecular simulation results.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1860205 and 52204352)Youth Project of Hubei Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2022CFB593)+1 种基金Key R&D Project of Hubei Province(Grant No.2022BAA021)Guiding Project of Scientific Research Plan of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.B2022019).
文摘The interaction of MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based and MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractories with X70 molten steel was studied by immersion experiments at 1560℃.The effects of immersion time(30 and 60 min)on the contents of total oxygen(TO),Al,Nb,Si,Mn,and Cr as well as the composition,number density,and size distribution of inclusions in the molten steel were investigated.The influence of the penetration and erosion degree of the molten steel to the refractory on the steel-refractory interface layer was analyzed.The results show that,at 1560℃,the MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory can better control the contents of TO and the composition of molten steel compared with the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractory.The TO content is only 16×10^(-4) wt.%in the molten steel after reacted with the Mg0-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory at the end point of refining,4 accounting for 11.5%of that reacted with the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractory(139×10^(-4) wt.%).The number density of inclusions is only 14 mm^(-2),and the average size ofinclusions is only 1.31μm,with thelargest proportion of inclusions in 1-2μm(70%).The Al_(2)O_(3)-MnS-CaO complex inclusions in the original steel changed to complex inclusions dominated by Cr-Nb-Mn-S-O and MgO.Al_(2)O_(3),corresponding to the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based and MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractories,respectively.The MgO.Al_(2)O_(3) layer was formed at the reaction interface between MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory and molten steel,which is helpful to restrict the erosion of refractories and the pollution of molten steel.The damage mechanism of the MgO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-based refractory is mainly permeation and chemical reaction,while the damage of the MgO-MgAl_(2)O_(4)-based refractory is mainlyscouring erosion.
基金supported by the NSFC Project No.10971116.M.Tang is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai under Grant No.12ZR1445400Shanghai Pujiang Program 13PJ1404700+1 种基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant DMS-11101278the Young Thousand Talents Program of China.
文摘This paper presents two uniformly convergent numerical schemes for the two dimensional steady state discrete ordinates transport equation in the diffusive regime,which is valid up to the boundary and interface layers.A five-point nodecentered and a four-point cell-centered tailored finite point schemes(TFPS)are introduced.The schemes first approximate the scattering coefficients and sources by piecewise constant functions and then use special solutions to the constant coefficient equation as local basis functions to formulate a discrete linear system.Numerically,both methods can not only capture the diffusion limit,but also exhibit uniform convergence in the diffusive regime,even with boundary layers.Numerical results show that the five-point scheme has first-order accuracy and the four-point scheme has second-order accuracy,uniformly with respect to the mean free path.Therefore a relatively coarse grid can be used to capture the two dimensional boundary and interface layers.
基金The authors are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1860205 and 52174323)Innovation Team Cultivation Funding Project of Wuhan University of Science and Technology(2018TDX08).
文摘The ceramic filter in continuous casting tundish can effectively improve the cleanliness of high-performance steel by regulating tundish flow field to promote the removal of inclusions and adsorbing or blocking fine inclusions in the molten steel into the mold.The interaction between microporous magnesia refractories used as tundish filter and molten interstitial-free(IF)steel at 1873 K was investigated to reveal the formation mechanism of their interface layer and its effect on steel cleanliness by laboratory research and thermodynamic calculations.The results show that the magnesium–aluminum spinel layer at the interface between the molten IF steel and the microporous magnesia refractories is formed mainly by the reaction of MgO in the refractory with the[Al]and[O]in the molten steel,significantly reducing the total O content,the size and amount of inclusions of the molten steel.In addition,the interparticle phases of microporous magnesia refractories at high temperature can adsorb Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) inclusions in the molten steel into interparticle channels of the refractories to form high melting point spinel,impeding the further penetration of the molten steel.As a result,the consecutive interface layer of high melting point spinel between microporous magnesia refractories and molten steel can improve the cleanliness of the molten steel by adsorbing inclusions in the molten steel and avoid the direct dissolution of refractories of the tundish ceramic filter immersed in the molten steel,increasing their service life.
基金Supported by the National National Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61131004the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No DUT14LAB11
文摘Thermal conduetances between Cu and graphene covered carbon nanotubes （gCNTs） are calculated by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the thermal conductance is about ten times larger than that of Cu- CNT interface. The enhanced thermal conductance is due to the larger contact area introduced by the graphene layer and the stronger thermal transfer ability of the Cu-gCNT interface. From the linear increasing thermal conductance with the increasing total contact area, an effective contact area of such an interface can be defined.
基金the financial support from the 261Project of MIIT and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240179)。
文摘The ineluctable introduction of lithium salt to polymer solid-state electrolytes incurs a compromise between strength,ionic conductivity,and thickness.Here,we propose Al_(2)O_(3)-coated polyimide(AO/PI)porous film as a high-strength substrate to support fast-ion-conducting polymer-in-salt(PIS)solid-state electrolytes,aiming to suppress lithium dendrite growth and improve full-cell performance.The Al_(2)O_(3)coating layer not only refines the wettability of polyimide porous film to PIS,but also performs as a high modulus protective layer to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.The resulting PI/AO@PIS exhibits a small thickness of only 35μm with an outstanding tensile strength of 11.3 MPa and Young's modulus of 537.6 MPa.In addition,the PI/AO@PIS delivers a high ionic conductivity of 0.1 m S/cm at 25°C.As a result,the PI/AO@PIS enables symmetric Li cells to achieve exceptional cyclability for over 1000 h at 0.1 m A/cm2without noticeable lithium dendrite formation.Moreover,the PI/AO@PIS-based LiFePO4||Li full cells demonstrate outstanding rate performance(125.7 m Ah/g at 5 C)and impressive cycling stability(96.1%capacity retention at 1 C after 200 cycles).This work highlights the efficacy of enhancing the mechanical properties of polymer matrices and extending cell performance through the incorporation of a dense inorganic interface layer.
基金the CSIRO Low Emissions Technologies Program for the support of this studythe financial support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)for the Future Fellowship(FT130101337)+4 种基金QUT core funding(QUT/322120-0301/07)supported by NSF MRI(1428992)U.S.-Egypt Science and Technology(S&T)Joint FundSDBoR R&D ProgramEDA University Center Program(ED18DEN3030025)。
文摘Perovskite-based photovoltaic materials have been attracting attention for their strikingly improved performance at converting sunlight into electricity.The beneficial and unique optoelectronic characteristics of perovskite structures enable researchers to achieve an incredibly remarkable power conversion efficiency.Flexible hybrid perovskite photovoltaics promise emerging applications in a myriad of optoelectronic and wearable/portable device applications owing to their inherent intriguing physicochemical and photophysical properties which enabled researchers to take forward advanced research in this growing field.Flexible perovskite photovoltaics have attracted significant attention owing to their fascinating material properties with combined merits of high efficiency,light-weight,flexibility,semitransparency,compatibility towards roll-to-roll printing,and large-area mass-scale production.Flexible perovskite-based solar cells comprise of 4 key components that include a flexible substrate,semi-transparent bottom contact electrode,perovskite(light absorber layer)and charge transport(electron/hole)layers and top(usually metal)electrode.Among these components,interfacial layers and contact electrodes play a pivotal role in influencing the overall photovoltaic performance.In this comprehensive review article,we focus on the current developments and latest progress achieved in perovskite photovoltaics concerning the charge selective transport layers/electrodes toward the fabrication of highly stable,efficient flexible devices.As a concluding remark,we briefly summarize the highlights of the review article and make recommendations for future outlook and investigation with perspectives on the perovskite-based optoelectronic functional devices that can be potentially utilized in smart wearable and portable devices.
