Flotation reagents have a complex behaviour in the beneficiation of base minerals in clayey ores.Interaction effects of reagents on the efficiency of copper flotation for a highly clayey low-grade sulphide ore were in...Flotation reagents have a complex behaviour in the beneficiation of base minerals in clayey ores.Interaction effects of reagents on the efficiency of copper flotation for a highly clayey low-grade sulphide ore were investigated using a central composite design.Preliminary results showed that sodium-isopropyl-xanthate(SIPX)and O-isopropyl-N-ethyl-thionocarbamate(IPETC)were found to be the most efficient collectors in the presence of lime as the pH regulator.The effects of dosage of collectors(SIPX and IPETC)and the dosage of methyl-isobutyl-carbonyl(MIBC)as frother on the separation efficiency were evaluated at different pH levels.Based on the analysis of variance(ANOVA),the interaction effects of the collector−pH and collector−frother were significant for the separation efficiency.At the low level of collector dosage,increasing pH from 9 to 11 enhanced copper separation efficiency from 81%to 86%for IPETC and from 77%to 86%for SIPX.Results of ANOVA showed that the maximum copper separation efficiency(88.7%)was obtained at the dosages of 8.6 g/t SIPX,7 g/t IPETC and 20 g/t MIBC at pH 11.Finally,it was concluded that a mixture of SIPX and IPETC collectors was more suitable to treat highly clayey sulphide ores.展开更多
Taking the yield in the second group of Guizhou silage maize regional test in 2019 as data information, 8 experimental sites and 12 silage maize varieties as experimental objects, the interaction effect between gene a...Taking the yield in the second group of Guizhou silage maize regional test in 2019 as data information, 8 experimental sites and 12 silage maize varieties as experimental objects, the interaction effect between gene and environment was analyzed by using AMMI model. The results showed that the average fresh weight yield of each variety was 3 199.5~3 976.6 kg/667m^(2), among them, 5 varieties had an increase in the yield. Variety variation accounted for 10.51% of the total variation;experimental site variation accounted for 63.22% of the total variation;interaction effect variation between gene and environment accounted for 26.28% of the total variation;IPCA1 and IPCA2 variation accounted for 50.7% and 31.2% of the interaction variation, respectively;IPCA3 variation accounted for 7.25% of the interaction variation. g_4, g_8, g_9, g_10, g_11 and g_12 had better adaptability to e_1, e_2, e_6 and e_7;while g_1, g_2, g_3, g_5, g_6 and g_7 had better adaptability to e_3, e_4, e_5 and e_8. In consideration of yield, g_1(Huinongqing 2) and g_9(Xinyu 666) were silage maize varieties with high and stable yield;g_3(Hemuyu 905), g_8(Wuhuayu 3) and g_11(Liangdu 191) had general stability, and their yield was higher than that of the control;g_12(Jinduyu 999) had the worst stability and low yield.展开更多
Numerous researches have focused on the physical behavior of an elastic material in the vicinity of a single hole under the assumption that the interaction effects arising from the introduction of multiple holes remai...Numerous researches have focused on the physical behavior of an elastic material in the vicinity of a single hole under the assumption that the interaction effects arising from the introduction of multiple holes remain negligible if the holes are placed sufficiently far from each other.In an effort to understand hole interaction effects on heat conduction and thermal stress,we consider the case when two circular holes are embedded in an infinite elastic material and use complex variable methods together with numerical analysis to obtain solutions describing temperature and elastic fields in the vicinity of the two circular holes.The results indicate that the interaction effects on temperature distribution and stress strongly depend on the relative size of the two holes and the distance placed between them but not on the actual size of the holes.展开更多
To gain a better understanding of the anticancer effects of hydroxyapatite （HAP） nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro, the effects of the interaction of HAP nanoparticles with hepatoma cells were explored. HAP nanopar...To gain a better understanding of the anticancer effects of hydroxyapatite （HAP） nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro, the effects of the interaction of HAP nanoparticles with hepatoma cells were explored. HAP nanoparticles were prepared by homogeneous precipitation and characterized by laser particle analysis and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. HAP nanoparticles were observed to be uniformly distributed, with rod-like shapes and diameters in the range of 42.1-87.1 nm. Overnight attached, suspended, and proliferating Bel-7402 cells were incubated with HAP nanoparticles. Inverted microscopy observation revealed that HAP nanoparticles with a cell membrane showed good adsorption. TEM demonstrated that HAP nanoparticles were present on the surface of cells, continuously taken up by cells through endocytosis, and transported in vesicles close to the nucleus. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the concentrations of intracellular Ca2＋ labeled with Fluo-3 calcium fluorescent probe were significantly enhanced. In addition, inverted microscopy observation revealed that suspended cells treated with HAP nanoparticles did not adhere to the culture bottle, resulting in cell death. After the overnight attached cells were treated with HAP nanoparticles for 96 h with increasing doses of HAP nanoparticles, inverted microscopy observation revealed that cell proliferation was slowed and ceU-ceU adhesion was weakened. Feulgen staining and image analysis indicated that the nuclear DNA content of the cells was markedly reduced, and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region （AgNOR） staining and image analysis indicated that the number of AgNORs was significantly decreased. Therefore, hepatoma cells brought about the adsorption, uptake, transport and degradation of HAP nanoparticles. In addition, HAP nanoparticles affected hepatoma cells with regard to cell-cell adhesion, cell and extracellular matrix adhesion, and DNA and protein synthesis; thus inhibiting cell proliferation. This understanding of the effects of interaction between HAP nanoparticles and hepatoma cells is useful for further study of the anticancer mechanisms of HAP nanoparticles.展开更多
The production of renewable energy is key to satisfying the increasing demand for energy without further increasing pollution.Harnessing ocean energy from waves has attracted attention due to its high energy density.T...The production of renewable energy is key to satisfying the increasing demand for energy without further increasing pollution.Harnessing ocean energy from waves has attracted attention due to its high energy density.This study compares two generations of floating heaving point absorber WEC,WaveEL 3.0 and WaveEL 4.0,regarding their power performance and mooring line fatigue characteristics,which are essen-tial in,e.g.,LCoE calculations.The main differences between the two WECs are the principal dimensions and minor differences in their geometries.The DNV software SESAM was used for simulations and anal-yses of these WECs in terms of buoy heave motion resonances for maximising energy harvesting,motion characteristics,mooring line forces,fatigue of mooring lines,and hydrodynamic power production.The first part of the study presents results from simulations of unit WEC in the frequency domain and in the time domain for regular wave and irregular sea state conditions.A verification of the two WECs’motion responses and axial mooring line forces is made against measurement data from a full-scale installation.In the second part of the study,the influence of interaction effects is investigated when the WECs are installed in wave parks.The wave park simulations used a fully-coupled non-linear method in SESAM that calculates the motions of the WECs and the mooring line forces simultaneously in the time domain.The amount of fatigue damage accumulated in the mooring lines was calculated using a relative tension-based fatigue analysis method and the rainflow counting method.Several factors that influence the power performance of the wave park and the accumulated fatigue damage of the mooring lines,for example,the WEC distance of the wave park,the sea state conditions,and the direction of incoming waves,are simulated and discussed.The study’s main conclusion is that WaveEL 4.0,which has a longer tube than WaveEL 3.0,absorbs more hydrodynamic energy due to larger heave motions and more efficient power production.At the same time,the accumulated fatigue damage in the moorings is lower compared to WaveEL 3.0 if the distance between the WECs in the wave park is not too short.Its motions in the hor-izontal plane are larger,which may require a larger distance between the WEC units in a wave park to avoid losing efficiency due to hydrodynamic interaction effects.展开更多
The seminal report ofα-diimine palladium and nickel catalysts in 1995 represented a major breakthrough in the preparation of functionalized polyolefin materials.Owing to the high abundance and low cost of nickel,nick...The seminal report ofα-diimine palladium and nickel catalysts in 1995 represented a major breakthrough in the preparation of functionalized polyolefin materials.Owing to the high abundance and low cost of nickel,nickel-based catalysts have great application prospects in the industrialization process of olefin coordination polymerization.In this work,various N-aryl substituents with different electronic effects were synthesized and introduced intoα-diimine ligands.The aspreparedα-diimine nickel catalysts showed high polymerization activity(0.9×10^(7)–3.0×10^(7)g·mol^(−1)·h^(−1))in ethylene polymerization,generating polyethylene products with adjustable molecular weights(Mn values:7.4×10^(4)–146.9×10^(4)g·mol^(−1))and branching densities(31/1000 C–68/1000 C).The resulting polyethylene products showed excellent mechanical properties,with high tensile strength(up to 25.0 MPa)and high strain at break values(up to 3890%).The copolymerization of ethylene and polar monomers can also be achieved by these nicekel complexes,ultimately preparing functionalized polyolefins.展开更多
In a three-sphere system, the middle sphere is acted upon by two opposite depletion forces from the other two spheres. It is found that, in this system, the two depletion forces are coupled with each other and result ...In a three-sphere system, the middle sphere is acted upon by two opposite depletion forces from the other two spheres. It is found that, in this system, the two depletion forces are coupled with each other and result in a strengthened depletion force. So the difference of the depletion forces of the three-sphere system and its corresponding two two-sphere systems is introduced to describe the coupling effect of the depletion interactions. The numerical results obtained by Monte- Carlo simulations show that this coupling effect is affected by both the concentration of small spheres and the geometrical confinement. Meanwhile, it is also found that the mechanisms of the coupling effect and the effect on the depletion force from the ~eometry factor are the same.展开更多
We investigate the effects of pure Dzyaloshinskii Moriya （DM） interaction with magnetic field on entanglement in intrinsic decoherence, assuming that the system is initially in four Bell states ｜φ±〉 = （｜00...We investigate the effects of pure Dzyaloshinskii Moriya （DM） interaction with magnetic field on entanglement in intrinsic decoherence, assuming that the system is initially in four Bell states ｜φ±〉 = （｜00） ± ｜11〉）/√2 and ｜ψ±〉 = （｜01） ±｜10〉）/√2, respectively. It is found that if the system is initially in the state p1（0） = ｜φ＋〉〈φ＋1, the entanglement can obtain its maximum when the DM interaction vector D is in the plane of XOZ and magnetic field B = By with the infinite time t, moreover the entanglement is independent of By and t when By is perpendicular to D. In addition, we obtain similar results when the system is initially in the states p2（0） = ｜φ-〉〈φ-｜ or p3 （0） = ｜ψ＋〉〈ψ＋1. However, we find that if the system is initially in the state P4 （0） = ｜ψ-〉〈ψ-l, the entanglement can obtain its maximum for infinite t, when the DM vector is in the plane ofYOZ, XOZ, or XOY, with the magnetic field parallel to X, Y, or Z axis, respectively. Moreover, when the axial B is perpendicular to D for the initial state p4（O）, the negativity oscillates with time t and reaches a stable value, the larger the value of B is, the greater the stable value is, and the shorter the oscillation time of the negativity is. Thus we can adjust the direction and value of the external magnetic field to obtain the maximal entanglement, and avoid the adverse effects of external environment in some initial state. This is feasible within the cun＇ent experimental technology.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the statistical inference problems for the fixed effect and variance component functions in the two-way classification random effects model with skewnormal errors.Firstly,the exact test stati...In this paper,we consider the statistical inference problems for the fixed effect and variance component functions in the two-way classification random effects model with skewnormal errors.Firstly,the exact test statistic for the fixed effect is constructed.Secondly,using the Bootstrap approach and generalized approach,the one-sided hypothesis testing and interval estimation problems for the single variance component,the sum and ratio of variance components are discussed respectively.Further,the Monte Carlo simulation results indicate that the exact test statistic performs well in the one-sided hypothesis testing problem for the fixed effect.And the Bootstrap approach is better than the generalized approach in the one-sided hypothesis testing problems for variance component functions in most cases.Finally,the above approaches are applied to the real data examples of the consumer price index and value-added index of three industries to verify their rationality and effectiveness.展开更多
The neuroimmune system of the brain:Early studies(1990’s)on the neurological consequences of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)infection in the brain were instrumental in establishing that specific brain cell type...The neuroimmune system of the brain:Early studies(1990’s)on the neurological consequences of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)infection in the brain were instrumental in establishing that specific brain cell types can function as an innate immune system within the brain and in that role influence cognitive function(Kaul et al.,2005).展开更多
Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P...Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.展开更多
Samples of undoped, and CuO, CaO, Al2O3 as well as V2O5 doped MnZn ferrite were prepared using standard ceramic method. The X-ray diffraction results for the base and doped ferrite samples show a single phase with spi...Samples of undoped, and CuO, CaO, Al2O3 as well as V2O5 doped MnZn ferrite were prepared using standard ceramic method. The X-ray diffraction results for the base and doped ferrite samples show a single phase with spinel cubic structure. The Mossbauer spectrum of the base sample indicates line broadening and overlapping due to relaxation of magnetic dipoles. The temperature dependence of DC-electrical conductivity has been discussed on the basis of electronic conduction (electron hopping) and ionic conduction mechanism.展开更多
Understanding the joint effects of earthquakes and driving factors on the spatial distribution of landslides is helpful for targeted disaster prevention and mitigation in earthquake-prone areas.By far,little work has ...Understanding the joint effects of earthquakes and driving factors on the spatial distribution of landslides is helpful for targeted disaster prevention and mitigation in earthquake-prone areas.By far,little work has been done on this issue.This study analyzed the co-seismic landslide of the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and 2014.The joint effects and spatiotemporal characteristics of the driving factors in seismic regions were revealed.Results show that(a)between 2008 and 2014,the dominant driving-factor for landslides has changed from earthquake to rock mass;(b)driving factors with weak driving force have a significant enhancement under the joint effects of other factors;(c)the joint effects of driving factors and earthquake decays with time.The study concluded that the strong vibration of the Wenchuan earthquake and the rock mass strength are the biggest contributors to the spatial distribution of landslides in 2008 and 2014,respectively.It means that the driving force of the earthquake is weaker than that of the rock mass after six years of the Wenchuan earthquake.Moreover,the landslide spatial distribution can be attributed to the joint effects of the Wenchuan earthquake and driving factors,and the earthquake has an enhanced effect on other factors.展开更多
A genetic model was proposed for simultaneously analyzing genetic effects of nuclear,cytoplasm,and nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction(NCI)as well as their genotype by environment(GE)interaction for quantitative traits of...A genetic model was proposed for simultaneously analyzing genetic effects of nuclear,cytoplasm,and nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction(NCI)as well as their genotype by environment(GE)interaction for quantitative traits of diploid plants.In the model,the NCI effects were further partitioned into additive and dominance nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction components.Mixed linear model approaches were used for statistical analysis.On the basis of diallel cross designs,Monte Carlo simulations showed that the genetic model was robust for estimating variance components under several situations without specific effects.Random genetic effects were predicted by an adjusted unbiased prediction(AUP)method.Data on four quantitative traits(boll number,lint percentage,fiber length,and micronaire)in Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)were analyzed as a worked example to show the effectiveness of the model.展开更多
A comparative study is performed between a crack closure model and the Willenborg model, which can calculate the fatigue crack growth rate under the overload effects. The modified virtual crack annealing(VCA) model is...A comparative study is performed between a crack closure model and the Willenborg model, which can calculate the fatigue crack growth rate under the overload effects. The modified virtual crack annealing(VCA) model is briefly reviewed, which is based on the equivalent plastic zone concept. In this method, the retardation phenomenon is explained by the crack closure level variation, which is derived from the interactions between forward and reverse plastic zones ahead of the crack tip. As a comparison, the Forman equation in conjunction with the Willenborg model is also reviewed. The retardation phenomenon is described by directly modifying the stress intensity factor. It is known that the large plastic zone created by the overload can decelerate the fatigue crack growth rate until the crack grows beyond this region. A relationship between the plastic zone and the modified stress intensity factor is developed, which is a mathematical fitting equation instead of physical-based formulation. The experimental data in aluminum alloys are used to validate these two models. Overall, good agreement is observed between the model predictions and the testing data. It is noted that the approach based on modified VCA model can give more accurate prediction curves than the Willenborg model.展开更多
Mega-urban agglomerations are strategic core areas for national economic development and the main regions of new urbanization. They also have important roles in shifting the global economic center of gravity to China....Mega-urban agglomerations are strategic core areas for national economic development and the main regions of new urbanization. They also have important roles in shifting the global economic center of gravity to China. However, the development of mega-urban agglomerations has triggered the interactive coercion between resources and the eco-envi- ronment. The interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations represent frontier and high-priority research topics in the field of Earth system science over the next decade. In this paper, we carried out systematic theo- retical analysis of the interactive coupling mechanisms and coercing effects between ur- banization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. In detail, we analyzed the nonlinear-coupled relationships and the coupling characteristics between natural and human elements in mega-urban agglomerations. We also investigated the interactive coercion intensities between internal and external elements, and the mechanisms and patterns of local couplings and telecouplings in mega-urban agglomeration systems, which are affected by key internal and external control elements. In addition, we proposed the interactive coupling theory on urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. Furthermore we established a spatiotemporal dynamic coupling model with multi-element, multi-scale, multi-scenario, multi-module and multi-agent integrations, which can be used to develop an intelligent decision support system for sustainable development of mega-urban agglomera- tions. In general, our research may provide theoretical guidance and method support to solve problems related to mega-urban agglomerations and maintain their sustainable development.展开更多
The combined and interactive effects of the bolt-hole fit conditions and the preloads of the fasteners on the load carrying capacity of single-lap composite-to-titanium bolted joints have been investigated both experi...The combined and interactive effects of the bolt-hole fit conditions and the preloads of the fasteners on the load carrying capacity of single-lap composite-to-titanium bolted joints have been investigated both experimentally and numerically. Quasi-static tests of the hybrid joints with different fit conditions are implemented, and a three dimensional finite element progressive failure analysis model is proposed to predict the influences of the bolt-hole fit conditions and fastener＇s pre- loads on the mechanical behaviors of the joints. Based on the experimental validated simulation method, a multi-factor, mixed levels orthogonal design table and the analysis of variance method are used to arrange the simulation conditions and to further study the interactive effects of preloads and fit conditions. Through the analysis of the results, for the researched double bolt, single-lap composite-titanium joints, it is found that： the effects of both the interference fit and the preloads change from positive into negative mode with the increase of the interference fit values or preload values; appropriate bolt-hole fit conditions and preloads can improve the bolt-hole contact conditions of the loaded joints, and then retard the fiber failures around the fastener holes, and increase the load carrying capacity of the joints eventually; the interactive effect of the bolt-hole interference fit conditions and preloads cannot be ignored and the parameters need to be considered together and synthetically as the joints are being optimized.展开更多
Effects of temperature, salinity and light intensity on growth rates of Gracilaria lichenoides and G. tenuistipitata var. liui Zhang et Xia were tested. Eight to ten levels of each factor were first tested separately....Effects of temperature, salinity and light intensity on growth rates of Gracilaria lichenoides and G. tenuistipitata var. liui Zhang et Xia were tested. Eight to ten levels of each factor were first tested separately. The best growth rate was obtained under the conditions of 32℃, 30 and 240 μmol/（m^2·s） for G. lichenoides, and 24℃, 20 and 200 μmol/（m^2·s） for G. tenuistipitata, respectively. Then a uniform design was used to evaluate the optimal combinations of the three factors. The best conditions for the highest daily specific growth rates （% increase in wet weight） are determined to be 31.30℃, 32.10, and 287.23 lamol/（m^2·s） for G. lichenoides （16.26%/d）, and 25.38℃, 21.10, and 229.07 lamol/（m^2·s） for G tenuistipitata （14.83%/d）, respectively.展开更多
The present article provides supplementary information of previous works of analytic models for predicting conductivity enhancements of carbon nanotube composites. The models, though fairly simple, are able to take ac...The present article provides supplementary information of previous works of analytic models for predicting conductivity enhancements of carbon nanotube composites. The models, though fairly simple, are able to take account of the effects of conductivity anisotropy, nonstraightness, and aspect ratio of the CNT additives on the conductivity enhancement of the composite and to give predictions agreeing well with existing experimental data. The omitted detailed derivation of this model is demonstrated in the present article with a more systematical analysis, which may help with further development in this direction. Furthermore, the effects of various orientation distributions of CNTs are reported here for the first time. The information may be useful in design or fabrication technology of CNT composites for better or specified conductivities.展开更多
Benggang erosion is caused by a special type of gully erosion in southern China that seriously endangers the local ecology and environment.In this study,typical Benggang collapsing-wall soils were used as the study ar...Benggang erosion is caused by a special type of gully erosion in southern China that seriously endangers the local ecology and environment.In this study,typical Benggang collapsing-wall soils were used as the study area to investigate the effects of different initial moisture contents and dicranopteris linearis root weight densities,as well as their interactions on disintegration in orthogonal test method.The results showed that the rate of soil disintegration decreased as a linear function of the initial moisture content.The soil disintegration rate tended to rise and then fall as the root weight density increased,reflecting an optimum root weight density of 0.75-1.00 g/100 cm3.The incorporation of dicranopteris linearis roots was most effective for soil consolidation in the shallow layers of soil.In addition,the disintegration rate of the collapsing-wall soils increases as the soil layer deepened.The dicranopteris linearis root system and initial moisture content had an interactive effect that was more pronounced in deeper soils.However,the combined effect of these processes was always dominated by the initial moisture content.Moderate initial soil moisture content(0.20-0.24 g/g)and the addition of a high root density in dicranopteris linearis(0.75-1.00 g/100 cm3)were the optimal combinations that reduced the disintegration rate.In conclusion,maintaining a suitable natural moisture content in collapsing-wall soils and taking measures that use plants to consolidate soil can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of Benggang erosion.The results of this study provided further insight into the factors that influence soil disintegration and offered a scientific basis for soil erosion management in the southern China.展开更多
文摘Flotation reagents have a complex behaviour in the beneficiation of base minerals in clayey ores.Interaction effects of reagents on the efficiency of copper flotation for a highly clayey low-grade sulphide ore were investigated using a central composite design.Preliminary results showed that sodium-isopropyl-xanthate(SIPX)and O-isopropyl-N-ethyl-thionocarbamate(IPETC)were found to be the most efficient collectors in the presence of lime as the pH regulator.The effects of dosage of collectors(SIPX and IPETC)and the dosage of methyl-isobutyl-carbonyl(MIBC)as frother on the separation efficiency were evaluated at different pH levels.Based on the analysis of variance(ANOVA),the interaction effects of the collector−pH and collector−frother were significant for the separation efficiency.At the low level of collector dosage,increasing pH from 9 to 11 enhanced copper separation efficiency from 81%to 86%for IPETC and from 77%to 86%for SIPX.Results of ANOVA showed that the maximum copper separation efficiency(88.7%)was obtained at the dosages of 8.6 g/t SIPX,7 g/t IPETC and 20 g/t MIBC at pH 11.Finally,it was concluded that a mixture of SIPX and IPETC collectors was more suitable to treat highly clayey sulphide ores.
基金Supported by National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System。
文摘Taking the yield in the second group of Guizhou silage maize regional test in 2019 as data information, 8 experimental sites and 12 silage maize varieties as experimental objects, the interaction effect between gene and environment was analyzed by using AMMI model. The results showed that the average fresh weight yield of each variety was 3 199.5~3 976.6 kg/667m^(2), among them, 5 varieties had an increase in the yield. Variety variation accounted for 10.51% of the total variation;experimental site variation accounted for 63.22% of the total variation;interaction effect variation between gene and environment accounted for 26.28% of the total variation;IPCA1 and IPCA2 variation accounted for 50.7% and 31.2% of the interaction variation, respectively;IPCA3 variation accounted for 7.25% of the interaction variation. g_4, g_8, g_9, g_10, g_11 and g_12 had better adaptability to e_1, e_2, e_6 and e_7;while g_1, g_2, g_3, g_5, g_6 and g_7 had better adaptability to e_3, e_4, e_5 and e_8. In consideration of yield, g_1(Huinongqing 2) and g_9(Xinyu 666) were silage maize varieties with high and stable yield;g_3(Hemuyu 905), g_8(Wuhuayu 3) and g_11(Liangdu 191) had general stability, and their yield was higher than that of the control;g_12(Jinduyu 999) had the worst stability and low yield.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11902116)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M671313)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(No.RGPIN 155112)。
文摘Numerous researches have focused on the physical behavior of an elastic material in the vicinity of a single hole under the assumption that the interaction effects arising from the introduction of multiple holes remain negligible if the holes are placed sufficiently far from each other.In an effort to understand hole interaction effects on heat conduction and thermal stress,we consider the case when two circular holes are embedded in an infinite elastic material and use complex variable methods together with numerical analysis to obtain solutions describing temperature and elastic fields in the vicinity of the two circular holes.The results indicate that the interaction effects on temperature distribution and stress strongly depend on the relative size of the two holes and the distance placed between them but not on the actual size of the holes.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81190133,51172171 and 51002109)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province((No.2013CFB354)the Excellent Youth Innovative Research Team Foundation and Talents Project of Hubei Polytechnic University(No.13xtz01)
文摘To gain a better understanding of the anticancer effects of hydroxyapatite （HAP） nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro, the effects of the interaction of HAP nanoparticles with hepatoma cells were explored. HAP nanoparticles were prepared by homogeneous precipitation and characterized by laser particle analysis and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. HAP nanoparticles were observed to be uniformly distributed, with rod-like shapes and diameters in the range of 42.1-87.1 nm. Overnight attached, suspended, and proliferating Bel-7402 cells were incubated with HAP nanoparticles. Inverted microscopy observation revealed that HAP nanoparticles with a cell membrane showed good adsorption. TEM demonstrated that HAP nanoparticles were present on the surface of cells, continuously taken up by cells through endocytosis, and transported in vesicles close to the nucleus. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the concentrations of intracellular Ca2＋ labeled with Fluo-3 calcium fluorescent probe were significantly enhanced. In addition, inverted microscopy observation revealed that suspended cells treated with HAP nanoparticles did not adhere to the culture bottle, resulting in cell death. After the overnight attached cells were treated with HAP nanoparticles for 96 h with increasing doses of HAP nanoparticles, inverted microscopy observation revealed that cell proliferation was slowed and ceU-ceU adhesion was weakened. Feulgen staining and image analysis indicated that the nuclear DNA content of the cells was markedly reduced, and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region （AgNOR） staining and image analysis indicated that the number of AgNORs was significantly decreased. Therefore, hepatoma cells brought about the adsorption, uptake, transport and degradation of HAP nanoparticles. In addition, HAP nanoparticles affected hepatoma cells with regard to cell-cell adhesion, cell and extracellular matrix adhesion, and DNA and protein synthesis; thus inhibiting cell proliferation. This understanding of the effects of interaction between HAP nanoparticles and hepatoma cells is useful for further study of the anticancer mechanisms of HAP nanoparticles.
文摘The production of renewable energy is key to satisfying the increasing demand for energy without further increasing pollution.Harnessing ocean energy from waves has attracted attention due to its high energy density.This study compares two generations of floating heaving point absorber WEC,WaveEL 3.0 and WaveEL 4.0,regarding their power performance and mooring line fatigue characteristics,which are essen-tial in,e.g.,LCoE calculations.The main differences between the two WECs are the principal dimensions and minor differences in their geometries.The DNV software SESAM was used for simulations and anal-yses of these WECs in terms of buoy heave motion resonances for maximising energy harvesting,motion characteristics,mooring line forces,fatigue of mooring lines,and hydrodynamic power production.The first part of the study presents results from simulations of unit WEC in the frequency domain and in the time domain for regular wave and irregular sea state conditions.A verification of the two WECs’motion responses and axial mooring line forces is made against measurement data from a full-scale installation.In the second part of the study,the influence of interaction effects is investigated when the WECs are installed in wave parks.The wave park simulations used a fully-coupled non-linear method in SESAM that calculates the motions of the WECs and the mooring line forces simultaneously in the time domain.The amount of fatigue damage accumulated in the mooring lines was calculated using a relative tension-based fatigue analysis method and the rainflow counting method.Several factors that influence the power performance of the wave park and the accumulated fatigue damage of the mooring lines,for example,the WEC distance of the wave park,the sea state conditions,and the direction of incoming waves,are simulated and discussed.The study’s main conclusion is that WaveEL 4.0,which has a longer tube than WaveEL 3.0,absorbs more hydrodynamic energy due to larger heave motions and more efficient power production.At the same time,the accumulated fatigue damage in the moorings is lower compared to WaveEL 3.0 if the distance between the WECs in the wave park is not too short.Its motions in the hor-izontal plane are larger,which may require a larger distance between the WEC units in a wave park to avoid losing efficiency due to hydrodynamic interaction effects.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1501700)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK9990000142).
文摘The seminal report ofα-diimine palladium and nickel catalysts in 1995 represented a major breakthrough in the preparation of functionalized polyolefin materials.Owing to the high abundance and low cost of nickel,nickel-based catalysts have great application prospects in the industrialization process of olefin coordination polymerization.In this work,various N-aryl substituents with different electronic effects were synthesized and introduced intoα-diimine ligands.The aspreparedα-diimine nickel catalysts showed high polymerization activity(0.9×10^(7)–3.0×10^(7)g·mol^(−1)·h^(−1))in ethylene polymerization,generating polyethylene products with adjustable molecular weights(Mn values:7.4×10^(4)–146.9×10^(4)g·mol^(−1))and branching densities(31/1000 C–68/1000 C).The resulting polyethylene products showed excellent mechanical properties,with high tensile strength(up to 25.0 MPa)and high strain at break values(up to 3890%).The copolymerization of ethylene and polar monomers can also be achieved by these nicekel complexes,ultimately preparing functionalized polyolefins.
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department, China (Grant Nos. 08B028 and 10A075)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 08jj6043)
文摘In a three-sphere system, the middle sphere is acted upon by two opposite depletion forces from the other two spheres. It is found that, in this system, the two depletion forces are coupled with each other and result in a strengthened depletion force. So the difference of the depletion forces of the three-sphere system and its corresponding two two-sphere systems is introduced to describe the coupling effect of the depletion interactions. The numerical results obtained by Monte- Carlo simulations show that this coupling effect is affected by both the concentration of small spheres and the geometrical confinement. Meanwhile, it is also found that the mechanisms of the coupling effect and the effect on the depletion force from the ~eometry factor are the same.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11204061,11374085,11104057,11274010 and 11204002the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant No 1408085MA16+4 种基金the Anhui Provincial Candidates for Academic and Technical Leaders Foundation under Grant No 2015H052the Discipline Top-Notch Talents Foundationthe Excellent Young Talents Support Plan of Anhui Provincial Universitiesthe Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No 20113401110002the 211 Project of Anhui University,and the Personnel Department of Anhui Province
文摘We investigate the effects of pure Dzyaloshinskii Moriya （DM） interaction with magnetic field on entanglement in intrinsic decoherence, assuming that the system is initially in four Bell states ｜φ±〉 = （｜00） ± ｜11〉）/√2 and ｜ψ±〉 = （｜01） ±｜10〉）/√2, respectively. It is found that if the system is initially in the state p1（0） = ｜φ＋〉〈φ＋1, the entanglement can obtain its maximum when the DM interaction vector D is in the plane of XOZ and magnetic field B = By with the infinite time t, moreover the entanglement is independent of By and t when By is perpendicular to D. In addition, we obtain similar results when the system is initially in the states p2（0） = ｜φ-〉〈φ-｜ or p3 （0） = ｜ψ＋〉〈ψ＋1. However, we find that if the system is initially in the state P4 （0） = ｜ψ-〉〈ψ-l, the entanglement can obtain its maximum for infinite t, when the DM vector is in the plane ofYOZ, XOZ, or XOY, with the magnetic field parallel to X, Y, or Z axis, respectively. Moreover, when the axial B is perpendicular to D for the initial state p4（O）, the negativity oscillates with time t and reaches a stable value, the larger the value of B is, the greater the stable value is, and the shorter the oscillation time of the negativity is. Thus we can adjust the direction and value of the external magnetic field to obtain the maximal entanglement, and avoid the adverse effects of external environment in some initial state. This is feasible within the cun＇ent experimental technology.
基金supported by National Social Science Foundation of China(21BTJ068)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the statistical inference problems for the fixed effect and variance component functions in the two-way classification random effects model with skewnormal errors.Firstly,the exact test statistic for the fixed effect is constructed.Secondly,using the Bootstrap approach and generalized approach,the one-sided hypothesis testing and interval estimation problems for the single variance component,the sum and ratio of variance components are discussed respectively.Further,the Monte Carlo simulation results indicate that the exact test statistic performs well in the one-sided hypothesis testing problem for the fixed effect.And the Bootstrap approach is better than the generalized approach in the one-sided hypothesis testing problems for variance component functions in most cases.Finally,the above approaches are applied to the real data examples of the consumer price index and value-added index of three industries to verify their rationality and effectiveness.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health Grant AA024484(to DLG)。
文摘The neuroimmune system of the brain:Early studies(1990’s)on the neurological consequences of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)infection in the brain were instrumental in establishing that specific brain cell types can function as an innate immune system within the brain and in that role influence cognitive function(Kaul et al.,2005).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41473068)supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722667)。
文摘Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.
文摘Samples of undoped, and CuO, CaO, Al2O3 as well as V2O5 doped MnZn ferrite were prepared using standard ceramic method. The X-ray diffraction results for the base and doped ferrite samples show a single phase with spinel cubic structure. The Mossbauer spectrum of the base sample indicates line broadening and overlapping due to relaxation of magnetic dipoles. The temperature dependence of DC-electrical conductivity has been discussed on the basis of electronic conduction (electron hopping) and ionic conduction mechanism.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071375)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1504703-3)。
文摘Understanding the joint effects of earthquakes and driving factors on the spatial distribution of landslides is helpful for targeted disaster prevention and mitigation in earthquake-prone areas.By far,little work has been done on this issue.This study analyzed the co-seismic landslide of the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and 2014.The joint effects and spatiotemporal characteristics of the driving factors in seismic regions were revealed.Results show that(a)between 2008 and 2014,the dominant driving-factor for landslides has changed from earthquake to rock mass;(b)driving factors with weak driving force have a significant enhancement under the joint effects of other factors;(c)the joint effects of driving factors and earthquake decays with time.The study concluded that the strong vibration of the Wenchuan earthquake and the rock mass strength are the biggest contributors to the spatial distribution of landslides in 2008 and 2014,respectively.It means that the driving force of the earthquake is weaker than that of the rock mass after six years of the Wenchuan earthquake.Moreover,the landslide spatial distribution can be attributed to the joint effects of the Wenchuan earthquake and driving factors,and the earthquake has an enhanced effect on other factors.
基金supported by Chinese National Programs for High Technology Research and Development(973 Program)(No.2004CB117306).
文摘A genetic model was proposed for simultaneously analyzing genetic effects of nuclear,cytoplasm,and nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction(NCI)as well as their genotype by environment(GE)interaction for quantitative traits of diploid plants.In the model,the NCI effects were further partitioned into additive and dominance nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction components.Mixed linear model approaches were used for statistical analysis.On the basis of diallel cross designs,Monte Carlo simulations showed that the genetic model was robust for estimating variance components under several situations without specific effects.Random genetic effects were predicted by an adjusted unbiased prediction(AUP)method.Data on four quantitative traits(boll number,lint percentage,fiber length,and micronaire)in Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)were analyzed as a worked example to show the effectiveness of the model.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51405009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘A comparative study is performed between a crack closure model and the Willenborg model, which can calculate the fatigue crack growth rate under the overload effects. The modified virtual crack annealing(VCA) model is briefly reviewed, which is based on the equivalent plastic zone concept. In this method, the retardation phenomenon is explained by the crack closure level variation, which is derived from the interactions between forward and reverse plastic zones ahead of the crack tip. As a comparison, the Forman equation in conjunction with the Willenborg model is also reviewed. The retardation phenomenon is described by directly modifying the stress intensity factor. It is known that the large plastic zone created by the overload can decelerate the fatigue crack growth rate until the crack grows beyond this region. A relationship between the plastic zone and the modified stress intensity factor is developed, which is a mathematical fitting equation instead of physical-based formulation. The experimental data in aluminum alloys are used to validate these two models. Overall, good agreement is observed between the model predictions and the testing data. It is noted that the approach based on modified VCA model can give more accurate prediction curves than the Willenborg model.
基金The Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41590840, No.41590842
文摘Mega-urban agglomerations are strategic core areas for national economic development and the main regions of new urbanization. They also have important roles in shifting the global economic center of gravity to China. However, the development of mega-urban agglomerations has triggered the interactive coercion between resources and the eco-envi- ronment. The interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations represent frontier and high-priority research topics in the field of Earth system science over the next decade. In this paper, we carried out systematic theo- retical analysis of the interactive coupling mechanisms and coercing effects between ur- banization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. In detail, we analyzed the nonlinear-coupled relationships and the coupling characteristics between natural and human elements in mega-urban agglomerations. We also investigated the interactive coercion intensities between internal and external elements, and the mechanisms and patterns of local couplings and telecouplings in mega-urban agglomeration systems, which are affected by key internal and external control elements. In addition, we proposed the interactive coupling theory on urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. Furthermore we established a spatiotemporal dynamic coupling model with multi-element, multi-scale, multi-scenario, multi-module and multi-agent integrations, which can be used to develop an intelligent decision support system for sustainable development of mega-urban agglomera- tions. In general, our research may provide theoretical guidance and method support to solve problems related to mega-urban agglomerations and maintain their sustainable development.
文摘The combined and interactive effects of the bolt-hole fit conditions and the preloads of the fasteners on the load carrying capacity of single-lap composite-to-titanium bolted joints have been investigated both experimentally and numerically. Quasi-static tests of the hybrid joints with different fit conditions are implemented, and a three dimensional finite element progressive failure analysis model is proposed to predict the influences of the bolt-hole fit conditions and fastener＇s pre- loads on the mechanical behaviors of the joints. Based on the experimental validated simulation method, a multi-factor, mixed levels orthogonal design table and the analysis of variance method are used to arrange the simulation conditions and to further study the interactive effects of preloads and fit conditions. Through the analysis of the results, for the researched double bolt, single-lap composite-titanium joints, it is found that： the effects of both the interference fit and the preloads change from positive into negative mode with the increase of the interference fit values or preload values; appropriate bolt-hole fit conditions and preloads can improve the bolt-hole contact conditions of the loaded joints, and then retard the fiber failures around the fastener holes, and increase the load carrying capacity of the joints eventually; the interactive effect of the bolt-hole interference fit conditions and preloads cannot be ignored and the parameters need to be considered together and synthetically as the joints are being optimized.
基金Supported by the 908 Special Program (908-02-04-07)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2006CB400608)K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Effects of temperature, salinity and light intensity on growth rates of Gracilaria lichenoides and G. tenuistipitata var. liui Zhang et Xia were tested. Eight to ten levels of each factor were first tested separately. The best growth rate was obtained under the conditions of 32℃, 30 and 240 μmol/（m^2·s） for G. lichenoides, and 24℃, 20 and 200 μmol/（m^2·s） for G. tenuistipitata, respectively. Then a uniform design was used to evaluate the optimal combinations of the three factors. The best conditions for the highest daily specific growth rates （% increase in wet weight） are determined to be 31.30℃, 32.10, and 287.23 lamol/（m^2·s） for G. lichenoides （16.26%/d）, and 25.38℃, 21.10, and 229.07 lamol/（m^2·s） for G tenuistipitata （14.83%/d）, respectively.
文摘The present article provides supplementary information of previous works of analytic models for predicting conductivity enhancements of carbon nanotube composites. The models, though fairly simple, are able to take account of the effects of conductivity anisotropy, nonstraightness, and aspect ratio of the CNT additives on the conductivity enhancement of the composite and to give predictions agreeing well with existing experimental data. The omitted detailed derivation of this model is demonstrated in the present article with a more systematical analysis, which may help with further development in this direction. Furthermore, the effects of various orientation distributions of CNTs are reported here for the first time. The information may be useful in design or fabrication technology of CNT composites for better or specified conductivities.
基金supported by the Special Projects of the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development in China(Guike.ZY21195022)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42007055 and 42107350)。
文摘Benggang erosion is caused by a special type of gully erosion in southern China that seriously endangers the local ecology and environment.In this study,typical Benggang collapsing-wall soils were used as the study area to investigate the effects of different initial moisture contents and dicranopteris linearis root weight densities,as well as their interactions on disintegration in orthogonal test method.The results showed that the rate of soil disintegration decreased as a linear function of the initial moisture content.The soil disintegration rate tended to rise and then fall as the root weight density increased,reflecting an optimum root weight density of 0.75-1.00 g/100 cm3.The incorporation of dicranopteris linearis roots was most effective for soil consolidation in the shallow layers of soil.In addition,the disintegration rate of the collapsing-wall soils increases as the soil layer deepened.The dicranopteris linearis root system and initial moisture content had an interactive effect that was more pronounced in deeper soils.However,the combined effect of these processes was always dominated by the initial moisture content.Moderate initial soil moisture content(0.20-0.24 g/g)and the addition of a high root density in dicranopteris linearis(0.75-1.00 g/100 cm3)were the optimal combinations that reduced the disintegration rate.In conclusion,maintaining a suitable natural moisture content in collapsing-wall soils and taking measures that use plants to consolidate soil can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of Benggang erosion.The results of this study provided further insight into the factors that influence soil disintegration and offered a scientific basis for soil erosion management in the southern China.
