The dynamic evolution characteristics of the discharge channel are a key factor influencing the plasma distribution of surface dielectric barrier discharge(SDBD).In this paper,a novel oblique dual-tip SDBD actuator st...The dynamic evolution characteristics of the discharge channel are a key factor influencing the plasma distribution of surface dielectric barrier discharge(SDBD).In this paper,a novel oblique dual-tip SDBD actuator structure is proposed to investigate the multi-stage development mechanism of discharge channels.Experimental results demonstrate that when the oblique angle between the two tips ranges from 30°to 90°,strong mutual repulsion occurs between the discharge channels,with the repulsion intensity increasing as the voltage amplitude increases.When the tip angle is 120°,the dynamic evolution of the discharge channel exhibits three distinct stages.In the initial stage,localized ionization occurs near the leading edge of each tip,forming two independent discharge channels.Then the channels merge and extend along a specific direction,creating a single dominant filament.The current between the two tip electrodes was measured,demonstrating the existence of connected discharge channels.In the final stage,the front of the channel develops multistage bifurcation.The study of the three stages of discharge channel development contributes to exploring the mechanisms of mutual exclusion and fusion between discharge channels.These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the structural design and application of SDBD actuators in related fields.展开更多
Membrane separation technologies demonstrate outstanding potential for achieving efficient lithiumion(Li+)extraction from the battery leachate in a high-value and eco-friendly way,but,up to date,the rare focuses on de...Membrane separation technologies demonstrate outstanding potential for achieving efficient lithiumion(Li+)extraction from the battery leachate in a high-value and eco-friendly way,but,up to date,the rare focuses on developing one kind of specific Li^(+)-filter applicable in this context.Herein,we prepared a pyridinic two-dimensional covalent organic framework(2D COF-Py)membrane featuring non-angstrom-sized 1D channels for exclusive Li+sieving.The 2D COF-Py membrane enabled an excellent Li^(+)permeance(~30 mmol m^(-2) h^(-1))with impressive Li^(+)/M^(2+)selectivity of over 47 under any mixed salt conditions(e.g.LiCl-CoCl_(2),LiCl-NiCl_(2),and LiCl-MnCl_(2)).The experimental measurements and theoretical calculations revealed the dual roles of pyridine groups in dominating the ion transport behavior across the COF membrane.One role was to ensure fast Li^(+)transmembrane activity via electrostatic attraction and the other was to suppress M^(2+)free diffusion by forming strong coordination interactions.When stimulated battery leachate(a quaternary cation solution)was used as the feed solution,the COF-Py membrane not only sustained a striking separation performance under a long-term operation test without losing any trade-off but also maintained structural stability under high-salinity conditions.展开更多
The family of voltage-gated （Shaker-like） potassium channels in plants includes both inward-rectifying （Kin） channels that allow plant cells to accumulate K＋ and outward-rectifying （Kout） channels that mediate ...The family of voltage-gated （Shaker-like） potassium channels in plants includes both inward-rectifying （Kin） channels that allow plant cells to accumulate K＋ and outward-rectifying （Kout） channels that mediate K＋ efflux. Despite their dose structural similarities, Kin and Kout channels differ in their gating sensitivity towards voltage and the extracellular K＋ concentration. We have carried out a systematic program of domain swapping between the Kout channel SKOR and the Kin channel KAT1 to examine the impacts on gating of the pore regions, the S4, S5, and the S6 helices. We found that, in particular, the N-terminal part of the S5 played a critical role in KAT1 and SKOR gating. Our findings were supported by molecular dynamics of KAT1 and SKOR homology models. In silico analysis revealed that during channel opening and closing, displacement of certain residues, especially in the S5 and S6 segments, is more pronounced in KAT1 than in SKOR. From our analysis of the S4-S6 region, we conclude that gating （and K＋-sensing in SKOR） depend on a number of structural elements that are dispersed over this -145-residue sequence and that these place additional constraints on configurational rearrangement of the channels during gating.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52377135)。
文摘The dynamic evolution characteristics of the discharge channel are a key factor influencing the plasma distribution of surface dielectric barrier discharge(SDBD).In this paper,a novel oblique dual-tip SDBD actuator structure is proposed to investigate the multi-stage development mechanism of discharge channels.Experimental results demonstrate that when the oblique angle between the two tips ranges from 30°to 90°,strong mutual repulsion occurs between the discharge channels,with the repulsion intensity increasing as the voltage amplitude increases.When the tip angle is 120°,the dynamic evolution of the discharge channel exhibits three distinct stages.In the initial stage,localized ionization occurs near the leading edge of each tip,forming two independent discharge channels.Then the channels merge and extend along a specific direction,creating a single dominant filament.The current between the two tip electrodes was measured,demonstrating the existence of connected discharge channels.In the final stage,the front of the channel develops multistage bifurcation.The study of the three stages of discharge channel development contributes to exploring the mechanisms of mutual exclusion and fusion between discharge channels.These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the structural design and application of SDBD actuators in related fields.
基金the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technologysupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[22408246]+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20231879the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2024M752318.
文摘Membrane separation technologies demonstrate outstanding potential for achieving efficient lithiumion(Li+)extraction from the battery leachate in a high-value and eco-friendly way,but,up to date,the rare focuses on developing one kind of specific Li^(+)-filter applicable in this context.Herein,we prepared a pyridinic two-dimensional covalent organic framework(2D COF-Py)membrane featuring non-angstrom-sized 1D channels for exclusive Li+sieving.The 2D COF-Py membrane enabled an excellent Li^(+)permeance(~30 mmol m^(-2) h^(-1))with impressive Li^(+)/M^(2+)selectivity of over 47 under any mixed salt conditions(e.g.LiCl-CoCl_(2),LiCl-NiCl_(2),and LiCl-MnCl_(2)).The experimental measurements and theoretical calculations revealed the dual roles of pyridine groups in dominating the ion transport behavior across the COF membrane.One role was to ensure fast Li^(+)transmembrane activity via electrostatic attraction and the other was to suppress M^(2+)free diffusion by forming strong coordination interactions.When stimulated battery leachate(a quaternary cation solution)was used as the feed solution,the COF-Py membrane not only sustained a striking separation performance under a long-term operation test without losing any trade-off but also maintained structural stability under high-salinity conditions.
文摘The family of voltage-gated （Shaker-like） potassium channels in plants includes both inward-rectifying （Kin） channels that allow plant cells to accumulate K＋ and outward-rectifying （Kout） channels that mediate K＋ efflux. Despite their dose structural similarities, Kin and Kout channels differ in their gating sensitivity towards voltage and the extracellular K＋ concentration. We have carried out a systematic program of domain swapping between the Kout channel SKOR and the Kin channel KAT1 to examine the impacts on gating of the pore regions, the S4, S5, and the S6 helices. We found that, in particular, the N-terminal part of the S5 played a critical role in KAT1 and SKOR gating. Our findings were supported by molecular dynamics of KAT1 and SKOR homology models. In silico analysis revealed that during channel opening and closing, displacement of certain residues, especially in the S5 and S6 segments, is more pronounced in KAT1 than in SKOR. From our analysis of the S4-S6 region, we conclude that gating （and K＋-sensing in SKOR） depend on a number of structural elements that are dispersed over this -145-residue sequence and that these place additional constraints on configurational rearrangement of the channels during gating.
