Considering the CRTS-II track slab,which is commonly used in the Chinese high-speed railway system,a vehicle-track-bridge dynamic analysis method is proposed in which the vehicle subsystem equations are established by...Considering the CRTS-II track slab,which is commonly used in the Chinese high-speed railway system,a vehicle-track-bridge dynamic analysis method is proposed in which the vehicle subsystem equations are established by the rigid body dynamics method,the track subsystem and the bridge subsystem equations are established by the FEM,the wheel-rail contact relation is defined by the corresponding assumption in vertical direction and the Kalker linear creep theory in lateral direction.The in-span spring element is derived to model the track-bridge interaction;the equal-band-width storage is adopted to fit the track structure with multilayer uniform section beam;and the dynamic equilibrium equations are solved by the inter-history iteration method.As a case study,the response of a CRH2 high-speed train transverses a simply-supported bridge with successive 31.5m double bound pre-stress beams is simulated.The result shows that using the vehicle-track-bridge interaction model instead of the vehicle-bridge interaction model helps predict the rotation angle at beam ends and choose an economic beam vertical stiffness.展开更多
In order to resolve the multisensor multiplied maneuvering target tracking problem, this paper presents a distributed interacted multiple model multisensor joint probabilistic data association algorithm （DIMM-MSJPDA...In order to resolve the multisensor multiplied maneuvering target tracking problem, this paper presents a distributed interacted multiple model multisensor joint probabilistic data association algorithm （DIMM-MSJPDA）. First of all, the interacted multiple model joint probabilistic data association algorithm is applied to each sensor, and then the state estimation, estimation covariance, model probability, combined innovation, innovation covariance are delivered to the fusion center. Then, the tracks from each sensor are correlated and the D-S evidence theory is used to gain the model probability of an identical target. Finally, the ultimate state estimation of each target is calculated according to the new model probability, and the state estimation is transmitted to each sensor. Simulations are designed to test the tracking performance of DIMM-MSJPDA algorithm. The results show that the use of DIMM-MSJPDA algorithm enables the distributed multisensor system to track multiplied maneuvering targets and its tracking performance is much better than that of IMMJPDA algorithm.展开更多
The nervous system processes a vast amount of information,performing computations that underlie perception,cognition,and behavior.During development,neuronal guidance genes,which encode extracellular cues,their recept...The nervous system processes a vast amount of information,performing computations that underlie perception,cognition,and behavior.During development,neuronal guidance genes,which encode extracellular cues,their receptors,and downstream signal transducers,organize neural wiring to generate the complex architecture of the nervous system.It is now evident that many of these neuroguidance cues and their receptors are active during development and are also expressed in the adult nervous system.This suggests that neuronal guidance pathways are critical not only for neural wiring but also for ongoing function and maintenance of the mature nervous system.Supporting this view,these pathways continue to regulate synaptic connectivity,plasticity,and remodeling,and overall brain homeostasis throughout adulthood.Genetic and transcriptomic analyses have further revealed many neuronal guidance genes to be associated with a wide range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.Although the precise mechanisms by which aberrant neuronal guidance signaling drives the pathogenesis of these diseases remain to be clarified,emerging evidence points to several common themes,including dysfunction in neurons,microglia,astrocytes,and endothelial cells,along with dysregulation of neuron-microglia-astrocyte,neuroimmune,and neurovascular interactions.In this review,we explore recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which aberrant neuronal guidance signaling contributes to disease pathogenesis through altered cell-cell interactions.For instance,recent studies have unveiled two distinct semaphorin-plexin signaling pathways that affect microglial activation and neuroinflammation.We discuss the challenges ahead,along with the therapeutic potentials of targeting neuronal guidance pathways for treating neurodegenerative diseases.Particular focus is placed on how neuronal guidance mechanisms control neuron-glia and neuroimmune interactions and modulate microglial function under physiological and pathological conditions.Specifically,we examine the crosstalk between neuronal guidance signaling and TREM2,a master regulator of microglial function,in the context of pathogenic protein aggregates.It is well-established that age is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration.Future research should address how aging and neuronal guidance signaling interact to influence an individual’s susceptibility to various late-onset neurological diseases and how the progression of these diseases could be therapeutically blocked by targeting neuronal guidance pathways.展开更多
As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises s...As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises structural concerns,and the latter is of aerodynamic interest.Thus,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow represents a vital topic for the development and optimization of supersonic vehicles and propulsion systems.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the methodologies applied to capture structural and fluid dynamics,including theoretical models,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.The application of data-driven modal decomposition,an advanced technique to extract physically crucial features,on the topic is introduced.From the perspective of FSIs,the distinctive aeroelastic behaviors in shock-dominated flow,including hysteresis phenomena and nonlinear responses,are highlighted.From the perspective of SBLIs,the modifications in their spatial and temporal characteristics imposed by the aeroelastic responses are emphasized.Motivated by the interaction between the shock waves and structural response,different strategies have been proposed to implement aeroelastic suppression and shock control,which have the potential to enhance structural safety and aerodynamic performance in the next generation of high-speed flight vehicles.展开更多
As an important index to measure the degree of entanglement in quantum systems,concurrence plays an important role in practical research.In this paper,we study the concurrence between two qubits in triangular triple q...As an important index to measure the degree of entanglement in quantum systems,concurrence plays an important role in practical research.In this paper,we study the concurrence between two qubits in triangular triple quantum dot structure.Through calculation and simulation,it is found that concurrence is mainly affected by the interdot coupling strength t,Coulomb interactionU,temperature T,and electrode coupling G.Through comparative studies with parallel triple quantum dot structures,we demonstrate that the triangular geometry exhibits significantly enhanced concurrence under identical conditions.In addition,under the condition that concurrence exceeds 0.9,the functional relationship between t and U is obtained through simulation,which provides theoretical support for quantum dot regulation under high entanglement.Finally,we demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a three-qubit quantum gate,using the Toffoli gate as a representative example,under the condition that the triangular triple quantum dot system maintains high entanglement.展开更多
Density functional theory(DFT)calculations were employed to investigate the adsorption behavior of NH_(3),AsH_(3),PH_(3),CO_(2),and CH_(4)molecules on both pristine and mono-vacancy phosphorene sheets.The pristine pho...Density functional theory(DFT)calculations were employed to investigate the adsorption behavior of NH_(3),AsH_(3),PH_(3),CO_(2),and CH_(4)molecules on both pristine and mono-vacancy phosphorene sheets.The pristine phosphorene surface showsweak physisorption with all the gasmolecules,inducing onlyminor changes in its structural and electronic properties.However,the introduction ofmono-vacancies significantly enhances the interaction strength with NH_(3),PH_(3),CO_(2),and CH_(4).These variations are attributed to substantial charge redistribution and orbital hybridization in the presence of defects.The defective phosphorene sheet also exhibits enhanced adsorption energies,along with favorable sensitivity and recovery characteristics,highlighting its potential as a promising gas sensor for NH_(3),AsH_(3),PH_(3),CO_(2),and CH_(4)at ambient conditions.展开更多
As a common electronic adhesive,ultraviolet(UV)curing polyurethane acrylate adhesive has both flexibility and wear resistance of polyurethane,excellent weather resistance and optical properties of acrylate.Despite the...As a common electronic adhesive,ultraviolet(UV)curing polyurethane acrylate adhesive has both flexibility and wear resistance of polyurethane,excellent weather resistance and optical properties of acrylate.Despite the extensive applications,it is still difficult to solve the problems caused by the shrinkage of adhesive.Here,a new type of photosensitive adhesive for bonding electronic components based on supramolecular interaction was designed and synthesized.The supramolecular interaction of cyclodextrin and adamantane moieties introduced into the adhesive polymer entitles the viscosity of the adhesive to rise rapidly during use,thereby preventing adhesive loss and dislocation of electronic components.UV light could further cure the adhesive and position the electronic components.The adhesive shrunk<2%when cured by UV light,so it can be used for electronic packaging and high-resolution,defect-free lithography.展开更多
Single-atom catalysts(SACs)are among the most cutting-edge catalysts in the multiphase catalysis track due to their unique geometrical and electronic properties,the highest atom utilization efficiency,and uniform acti...Single-atom catalysts(SACs)are among the most cutting-edge catalysts in the multiphase catalysis track due to their unique geometrical and electronic properties,the highest atom utilization efficiency,and uniform active sites.SACs have been facing an unresolved problem in practical applications:the opposing contradiction of activity-stability.The successful development of single-atom nano-islands(SANIs)cleverly combines the ultra-high atom utilization efficiency of SACs with the confinement effect and structural stability of nano-island structures,realizing the“moving but not aggregation”of SACs,which fundamentally solves this inherent contradiction.Although research on the precise loading of single atoms on nano-islands continues to advance,existing reviews have not yet established a closed-loop cognitive framework encompassing“models-synthesis-high stability mechanisms-high activity essence-applications.”This work fills this critical gap by systematically integrating the basic conceptual models and cutting-edge synthesis strategies of SANIs,focusing on revealing the underlying mechanisms by which SANIs overcome the stability bottleneck of SACs,elucidating the role of nano-islands and their synergistic mechanisms to clarify the high activity essence,and establishing the structure-activity relationship between atomic confinement effects and macroscopic performance,ultimately achieving breakthrough validation across catalytic systems.This review aims to open new perspectives,drive a paradigm shift in understanding the multi-dimensional advantages of SANIs,and thereby spur breakthrough progress in this frontier field.展开更多
Cytochrome c(cyt c)is released from mitochondria into the cytosol upon apoptotic stimulation,ultimately triggering programmed cell death.Recent studies have revealed that transfer RNA(tRNA)interacts with cyt c,impedin...Cytochrome c(cyt c)is released from mitochondria into the cytosol upon apoptotic stimulation,ultimately triggering programmed cell death.Recent studies have revealed that transfer RNA(tRNA)interacts with cyt c,impeding the formation of the apoptosome complex and thereby suppressing apoptosis.To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between cyt c and tRNA,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based chemical shift perturbation and intensity analysis were employed to characterize the binding interface between cyt c and tRNAphe.The findings demonstrate that cyt c primarily engages with tRNAphe through its 70–85Ω-loop and N-terminalα-helix.This interaction sterically hinders the accessibility of small molecules,such as H_(2)O_(2),to the hydrophobic pocket of cyt c,consequently attenuating its peroxidase activity.Furthermore,oxidative modification of cyt c,particularly the carbonylation of positively charged lysine residues,weakens this interaction.展开更多
Understanding the photoluminescence(PL)mechanism of metal nanoclusters from both molecular and supramolecular perspectives is crucial for developing highly emissive cluster-based nanomaterials.In this study,we synthes...Understanding the photoluminescence(PL)mechanism of metal nanoclusters from both molecular and supramolecular perspectives is crucial for developing highly emissive cluster-based nanomaterials.In this study,we synthesized two structurally similar Ag14 nanoclusters with different phosphine stabilizers,which demonstrated opposite PL behaviors in solution and crystalline states.The Ag14 nanocluster stabilized by P(Ph-OMe)_(3) ligands exhibited a higher PL intensity compared to the one stabilized by P(Ph-F)_(3) ligands,which was attributed to the stronger electron-donating ability of the P(Ph-OMe)_(3) ligand that improved ligand-to-metal charge transfer efficiency.In contrast,the P(Ph-F)_(3) stabilized Ag14 crystals displayed greater PL intensity than the Ag14 cluster crystal with a-OMe surface,which was due to stronger intermolecular interactions within the cluster lattice of the former that limited non-radiative energy loss and thus enhanced PL.Overall,this work aims to promote a comprehensive understanding of the fluorescence in cluster-based nanomaterials,which will be beneficial for their downstream applications.展开更多
Globally,mealtimes provide key insights into cultural and social values and practices.We examine mealtime environments and eating practices in two different African settings using quantitative observational and questi...Globally,mealtimes provide key insights into cultural and social values and practices.We examine mealtime environments and eating practices in two different African settings using quantitative observational and questionnaire data.Participating families(N=80)were recruited from two rural locations in Zambia and Kenya.Results following descriptive analysis showed that meals are typically taken as a family in a sociable context,providing opportunities to nurture children’s positive behaviours.In both communities,mothers(71.25%)were most likely to be present and typically prepared meals and provided the food.We observed a few distractions being used during mealtimes,and children finished their food with little to no conflict.Plate sharing varied across the two sites and was more common in Zambia,where we also observed more traditional practices such as eating with hands(as opposed to cutlery)and sitting on mats on the ground(as opposed to seated on chairs or sofas).Overall,our findings suggest more similarities in the cultural and social values across the two African contexts despite slight differences in mealtime practices.In particular,positive mealtime behaviours(little food refusal,lack of conflict)were common across all contexts,regardless of the extent to which traditional practices(such as plate-sharing and sitting on the floor)were used.Findings align with Family Systems theory,which states that the family is understood best by conceptualizing it as a complex,dynamic,and changing collection of parts,subsystems,and family members.展开更多
Keystone taxa are critical for microbial community homeostasis and ecological niche interactions.However,the functions and genomic traits of endophytic keystone fungi in plant tissues remain unclear.Via network analys...Keystone taxa are critical for microbial community homeostasis and ecological niche interactions.However,the functions and genomic traits of endophytic keystone fungi in plant tissues remain unclear.Via network analysis,this study identified keystone fungi Plectosphaerella(Plec)and Cladosporium(Clad)in roots/leaves of medicinal Panax plants(P.ginseng,P.quinquefolius,P.notoginseng).Both correlated strongly positively with ginsenoside Rd content in respective tissues(ρ>0.6,p<0.001).Co-cultivation confirmed their ability to convert ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd,linked toβ-glucosidase activity.Whole-genome sequencing/assembly/evolutionary analysis of the two strains elucidated genomic features for their keystone roles and saponin biotransformation.Genome mining found multiple GH3 genes(potential saponin transformers)in both;11(Plec)and 5(Clad)were upregulated by cellobiose.Gene family phylogenetic analysis showed expanded transmembrane transport and environmental response functions.Both also had abundant secondary metabolic gene clusters and secretome genes,linking biotic interaction functions to their keystone roles.In summary,this study shows Panax endophytic keystone fungi can participate in ginsenoside biotransformation and clarifies their genomic traits,offering insights for functional endophytic fungal resource development.展开更多
Background: The human gut microbiome is an important target for disease treatment and prevention. Various microbial species within the complex ecosystem of the microbiome have been shown to play important roles in dis...Background: The human gut microbiome is an important target for disease treatment and prevention. Various microbial species within the complex ecosystem of the microbiome have been shown to play important roles in disease. Identification of bioactive materials capable of altering the abundances of these species both safely and effectively is a major goal in microbiome research. Many traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been reported to affect the composition of the gut microbiome. Here, we summarize studies that have used TCMs to alter the gut microbiome and discuss the response relationship between TCMs and gut microbial species. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Knowledge Network databases using the terms “traditional Chinese medicine,” “gut microbiome,” and specific system disease names (endocrine, immune, nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive). Studies were excluded if irrelevant or if the experimental procedures were unclear. Results: TCMs have been reported to affect a wide range of gut microbial taxa spanning major phyla, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria. In all, 54 TCMs including compounds and extracts have been tested in rodents and 30 have been examined in human trials. Almost all studies have reported positive results in regulating the gut microbiome as well as modulating corresponding phenotypes, spanning diseases of the endocrine, immune, nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. Gut species, including Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and E. coli, were found to be regulated by 19 TCMs. A network was constructed to visualize the interactions between TCMs and these taxa. Conclusion: There exists a complex and close relationship between intestinal microflora and diseases. Sufficient experimental data and studies have proved that the imbalance of intestinal microflora affects health by mediating metabolism, immune regulation, inflammation and signal transduction. Many characteristic alterations of intestinal microflora are positively correlated with diseases, so intestinal microflora has become a potential risk index and treatment target for many diseases. Many TCMs affect the relative abundances of microbial species in the gut, and therefore may be useful for modulating the gut microbiome. This review provides a reference for prioritizing candidate TCMs from the enormous repertoire of such medicines to test which specific gut microbes are targeted.展开更多
Nanoporous polymers are extensively coated on various substrates to deliver optical,permselective,or other functions.However,it remains desired to fast produce uniform nanoporous polymer coatings on substrates with co...Nanoporous polymers are extensively coated on various substrates to deliver optical,permselective,or other functions.However,it remains desired to fast produce uniform nanoporous polymer coatings on substrates with complex surfaces.Herein,by manipulating the interactions between block copolymers and selective solvents,we prepare repairable nanoporous polymers on arbitrary substrates.This is realized by an extremely simple sequential coating process:sequential coating of block copolymers and their swelling agents on substrate surfaces.The swelling agents are comprised of two solvents that swell the constituent blocks of the copolymers to different degrees,rapidly producing polymer coatings with uniform,interconnected,sub-50 nm pores.This sequential coating process is able to conformally build nanoporous polymers on nonplanar substrates with large lateral sizes and complex surface features,and also to in situ repair defects arising during usages.We further demonstrate that the nanoporous coatings show excellent antireflective and membrane separation performances.This sequential coating process is dictated by polymer–solvent interactions,and is expected to find applications in diverse fields for its simplicity,adaptability,and the capability to produce well-defined nanoporosities.展开更多
Multi-site coupling is a promising strategy for developing highly efficient and CO-resistant hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).However,designing multifunctional ...Multi-site coupling is a promising strategy for developing highly efficient and CO-resistant hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).However,designing multifunctional synergistic schemes for single-atom sites remains a significant challenge.Herein,we propose a dual-template-confined oxophilic engineering strategy to construct well-dispersed iridium-nickel(IrNi)atomic dimers adjacent to IrNi nanoclusters on porous nitrogen-doped carbon(IrNi_(Dimer/NC1.8)-PNC).The paired IrNi dimer features an asymmetric Ir-N_(3)configuration coordinated with heteroatomic Ni-N_(3)O via an N-bridge.Remarkably,IrNi_(Dimer/NC1.8)-PNC exhibits a~23-fold enhancement in mass activity(4.36 A mg-1Ir at 20 mV)and 5-fold longer stability compared to benchmarking Pt/C toward HOR,while achieving a high rated power density of 1.18 W cm^(-2)in PEMFC anode applications.Furthermore,IrNi_(Dimer/NC1.8)-PNC demonstrates superior CO tolerance over monometallic Ir and Pt/C in both half-cell and full-cell devices.Combined experimental and density functional theory studies reveal that oxophilic Ni modulates the electronic environment of Ir through alloying and dimer interactions,thereby enhancing HOR activity.Importantly,the asymmetric IrNi dimer enables efficient CO^(*)and OH^(*)co-adsorption while facilitating CO_(2)^(*)desorption,synergistically mitigating CO poisoning and improving atom utilization efficiency.This work provides a design strategy and fundamental insights for multi-site synergistic catalysts in PEMFC anodes.展开更多
The protein corona formation has been reported to influence the liposomes’behavioral performance in vivo.Accordingly,the effect of physiologically relevant inorganic ion pairs(sodium chloride,sodium sulfate,magnesium...The protein corona formation has been reported to influence the liposomes’behavioral performance in vivo.Accordingly,the effect of physiologically relevant inorganic ion pairs(sodium chloride,sodium sulfate,magnesium chloride,and magnesium sulfate)was investigated.Bovine serum albumin(BSA)was selected as the model protein.Parameters including particle size and zeta potential were assessed,while various spectroscopic techniques were utilized to elucidate the changes in BSA during its interaction with liposomes.The particle size and light intensity distribution changes indicated that the introduction of inorganic pairs,especially the metal cations,could significantly influence both the adsorption of BSA and the aggregation of particles.Furthermore,spectral characterization elucidated that BSA exhibited more extended peptide chains with enhanced exposure to hydrophobic acid amino residues upon adding ion pairs.Electrostatic adsorption and chelation insertion were proposed as metal ion binding modes and the corresponding BSA corona formation.In the electrostatic adsorption mode,sodium ions can enhance the electrostatic interactions,facilitating the“connection”between BSA and liposomes.Magnesium ions can induce stronger hydrophobic interactions through chelation,effectively“drag”BSA segments into the lipid bilayer.This work highlighted important physiological factors for protein-liposome interaction and provided rational model constructions to lay the foundation for further relevant studies.展开更多
Recycling of waste rubber(WR)is crucial for the sustainable development of the rubber industry.The enhancement of interfacial interactions is the main strategy for waste polymer recycling.However,there is a lack of me...Recycling of waste rubber(WR)is crucial for the sustainable development of the rubber industry.The enhancement of interfacial interactions is the main strategy for waste polymer recycling.However,there is a lack of methods for enhancing the interfacial interactions for WR recycling because WR contains abundant inert C―H bonds.Herein,we designed thioctic acid inverse vulcanization copolymers to endow recycled WR with dynamic disulfide interfacial interactions,significantly improving the mechanical properties of recycled WR.These disulfide interfacial interactions among the recycled WR tend to exchange,which dramatically increases the fractocohesive length and prevents stress concentration near the crack tips.When recycled WR is subjected to external stress,the loads are redistributed across a broad region of adjacent regions instead of being concentrated on a limited length scale,which resists crack propagation.This work effectively recycled WR,providing a strategy for solvent-free reaction-derived inverse vulcanization copolymers to improve the toughness of WR recycling.展开更多
This study presents an implicit multiphysics coupling method integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),the Multiphase Particle-in-Cell(MPPIC)model,and the Finite Element Method(FEM),implemented with OpenFOAM,Calcu...This study presents an implicit multiphysics coupling method integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),the Multiphase Particle-in-Cell(MPPIC)model,and the Finite Element Method(FEM),implemented with OpenFOAM,CalculiX,and preCICE to simulate fluid-particle-structure interactions with large deformations.Mesh motion in the fluid field is handled using the radial basis function(RBF)method.The particle phase is modeled by MPPIC,where fluid-particle interaction is described through momentum exchange,and inter-particle collisions are characterized by collision stress.The structural field is solved by nonlinear FEM to capture large deformations induced by geometric nonlinearity.Coupling among fields is realized through a partitioned,parallel,and non-intrusive iterative strategy,ensuring stable transfer and convergence of interface forces and displacements.Notably,the influence of particles on the structure is not direct but mediated by the fluid,while structural motion directly affects particle dynamics.The results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively captures multiphysics interaction processes and provides a valuable reference for numerical modeling of coupled fluid-particle-structure systems.展开更多
Studies of wave-current interactions are vital for the safe design of structures.Regular waves in the presence of uniform,linear shear,and quadratic shear currents are explored by the High-Level Green-Naghdi model in ...Studies of wave-current interactions are vital for the safe design of structures.Regular waves in the presence of uniform,linear shear,and quadratic shear currents are explored by the High-Level Green-Naghdi model in this paper.The five-point central difference method is used for spatial discretization,and the fourth-order Adams predictor-corrector scheme is employed for marching in time.The domain-decomposition method is applied for the wave-current generation and absorption.The effects of currents on the wave profile and velocity field are examined under two conditions:the same velocity of currents at the still-water level and the constant flow volume of currents.Wave profiles and velocity fields demonstrate substantial differences in three types of currents owing to the diverse vertical distribution of current velocity and vorticity.Then,loads on small-scale vertical cylinders subjected to regular waves and three types of background currents with the same flow volume are investigated.The maximum load intensity and load fluctuation amplitude in uniform,linear shear,and quadratic shear currents increase sequentially.The stretched superposition method overestimates the maximum load intensity and load fluctuation amplitude in opposing currents and underestimates these values in following currents.The stretched superposition method obtains a poor approximation for strong nonlinear waves,particularly in the case of the opposing quadratic shear current.展开更多
Background The enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol(3-NOP)inhibits the key enzyme in ruminal methanogenesis,but whether short-term(ST)and long-term(LT)dietary supplementation has similar effects on rumen micro...Background The enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol(3-NOP)inhibits the key enzyme in ruminal methanogenesis,but whether short-term(ST)and long-term(LT)dietary supplementation has similar effects on rumen microbiota in beef cattle and how microbes change after 3-NOP withdrawal have not been studied.This study investigated changes in rumen bacteria,archaea,and protozoa after ST and LT dietary supplementation and removal of 3-NOP using metataxonomic analysis.Results A total of 143 rumen samples were collected from two beef cattle studies with 3-NOP supplementation.The ST study(95 samples)used eight ruminally cannulated beef cattle in a 4×4 Latin square design with four 28-d of 3-NOP treatments[mg/kg of dry matter(DM)]:control:0,low:53,med:161,and high:345.The LT study(48 samples)was a completely randomized design with two 3-NOP treatments[control:0,and high:280 mg/kg of DM)fed for 112-d followed by a 16-d withdrawal(without 3-NOP).Bacterial and archaeal communities were significantly affected by 3-NOP supplementation but limited effects on protozoal communities were observed.Under ST supplementation,the relative abundances of Prevotella,Methanobrevibacter(Mbb.)ruminantium,Methanosphaera sp.ISO3-F5,and Entodinium were increased(Q<0.05),whereas those of Mbb.gottschalkii and Epidinium were decreased(Q<0.05)with 3-NOP supplementation.In LT study,relative abundances of Mbb.ruminantium,and Methanosphaera sp.Group5 were increased(Q<0.05),while those of Saccharofermentans and Mbb.gottschalkii were decreased(Q<0.05)with 3-NOP supplementation.Comparison between 3-NOP supplementation and the withdrawal revealed increased relative abundances of Clostridia UCG-014 and Oscillospiraceae NK4A214 group and decreased those of Eubacterium nodatum group and Methanosphaera sp.Group5(P<0.05)after 3-NOP withdrawal.Further comparison of rumen microbiota between control and 3-NOP withdrawal showed significantly higher(P=0.029)relative abundances of Eggerthellaceae DNF00809,p-1088-a5 gut group,and Family XII UCG-001 in control group while no significant differences were detected for archaea and protozoa.Microbial network analysis revealed that microbial interactions differed by both 3-NOP dose and durations.Conclusions Both ST and LT supplementation affected overall rumen microbial profile,with individual microbial groups responded to 3-NOP supplementation differently.After 3-NOP withdrawal,not all microbes showed recovery,indicating that the 3-NOP driven shifts were only partially reversible.These findings provide an understanding of the effects of 3-NOP on rumen microbial communities and their adaptability to methane mitigation strategies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Project)(Grant No.2013CB036203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1134206)+1 种基金the 111 project(Grant No.B13002)the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20130009110036)
文摘Considering the CRTS-II track slab,which is commonly used in the Chinese high-speed railway system,a vehicle-track-bridge dynamic analysis method is proposed in which the vehicle subsystem equations are established by the rigid body dynamics method,the track subsystem and the bridge subsystem equations are established by the FEM,the wheel-rail contact relation is defined by the corresponding assumption in vertical direction and the Kalker linear creep theory in lateral direction.The in-span spring element is derived to model the track-bridge interaction;the equal-band-width storage is adopted to fit the track structure with multilayer uniform section beam;and the dynamic equilibrium equations are solved by the inter-history iteration method.As a case study,the response of a CRH2 high-speed train transverses a simply-supported bridge with successive 31.5m double bound pre-stress beams is simulated.The result shows that using the vehicle-track-bridge interaction model instead of the vehicle-bridge interaction model helps predict the rotation angle at beam ends and choose an economic beam vertical stiffness.
文摘In order to resolve the multisensor multiplied maneuvering target tracking problem, this paper presents a distributed interacted multiple model multisensor joint probabilistic data association algorithm （DIMM-MSJPDA）. First of all, the interacted multiple model joint probabilistic data association algorithm is applied to each sensor, and then the state estimation, estimation covariance, model probability, combined innovation, innovation covariance are delivered to the fusion center. Then, the tracks from each sensor are correlated and the D-S evidence theory is used to gain the model probability of an identical target. Finally, the ultimate state estimation of each target is calculated according to the new model probability, and the state estimation is transmitted to each sensor. Simulations are designed to test the tracking performance of DIMM-MSJPDA algorithm. The results show that the use of DIMM-MSJPDA algorithm enables the distributed multisensor system to track multiplied maneuvering targets and its tracking performance is much better than that of IMMJPDA algorithm.
基金supported by JSPS(KAKENHI:21K06205,23K06937,24K23419)AMED(to JYK,SaY,TM,SiY,YT,and NH)JYW had long been supported by the NIH.
文摘The nervous system processes a vast amount of information,performing computations that underlie perception,cognition,and behavior.During development,neuronal guidance genes,which encode extracellular cues,their receptors,and downstream signal transducers,organize neural wiring to generate the complex architecture of the nervous system.It is now evident that many of these neuroguidance cues and their receptors are active during development and are also expressed in the adult nervous system.This suggests that neuronal guidance pathways are critical not only for neural wiring but also for ongoing function and maintenance of the mature nervous system.Supporting this view,these pathways continue to regulate synaptic connectivity,plasticity,and remodeling,and overall brain homeostasis throughout adulthood.Genetic and transcriptomic analyses have further revealed many neuronal guidance genes to be associated with a wide range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.Although the precise mechanisms by which aberrant neuronal guidance signaling drives the pathogenesis of these diseases remain to be clarified,emerging evidence points to several common themes,including dysfunction in neurons,microglia,astrocytes,and endothelial cells,along with dysregulation of neuron-microglia-astrocyte,neuroimmune,and neurovascular interactions.In this review,we explore recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which aberrant neuronal guidance signaling contributes to disease pathogenesis through altered cell-cell interactions.For instance,recent studies have unveiled two distinct semaphorin-plexin signaling pathways that affect microglial activation and neuroinflammation.We discuss the challenges ahead,along with the therapeutic potentials of targeting neuronal guidance pathways for treating neurodegenerative diseases.Particular focus is placed on how neuronal guidance mechanisms control neuron-glia and neuroimmune interactions and modulate microglial function under physiological and pathological conditions.Specifically,we examine the crosstalk between neuronal guidance signaling and TREM2,a master regulator of microglial function,in the context of pathogenic protein aggregates.It is well-established that age is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration.Future research should address how aging and neuronal guidance signaling interact to influence an individual’s susceptibility to various late-onset neurological diseases and how the progression of these diseases could be therapeutically blocked by targeting neuronal guidance pathways.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372233)the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University,China(No.25GH01020005)the“111 Project”of China(No.B17037)。
文摘As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises structural concerns,and the latter is of aerodynamic interest.Thus,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow represents a vital topic for the development and optimization of supersonic vehicles and propulsion systems.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the methodologies applied to capture structural and fluid dynamics,including theoretical models,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.The application of data-driven modal decomposition,an advanced technique to extract physically crucial features,on the topic is introduced.From the perspective of FSIs,the distinctive aeroelastic behaviors in shock-dominated flow,including hysteresis phenomena and nonlinear responses,are highlighted.From the perspective of SBLIs,the modifications in their spatial and temporal characteristics imposed by the aeroelastic responses are emphasized.Motivated by the interaction between the shock waves and structural response,different strategies have been proposed to implement aeroelastic suppression and shock control,which have the potential to enhance structural safety and aerodynamic performance in the next generation of high-speed flight vehicles.
文摘As an important index to measure the degree of entanglement in quantum systems,concurrence plays an important role in practical research.In this paper,we study the concurrence between two qubits in triangular triple quantum dot structure.Through calculation and simulation,it is found that concurrence is mainly affected by the interdot coupling strength t,Coulomb interactionU,temperature T,and electrode coupling G.Through comparative studies with parallel triple quantum dot structures,we demonstrate that the triangular geometry exhibits significantly enhanced concurrence under identical conditions.In addition,under the condition that concurrence exceeds 0.9,the functional relationship between t and U is obtained through simulation,which provides theoretical support for quantum dot regulation under high entanglement.Finally,we demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a three-qubit quantum gate,using the Toffoli gate as a representative example,under the condition that the triangular triple quantum dot system maintains high entanglement.
基金financial support to conduct this research from the Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB)through a state university research excellence(SURE)grant(SUR/2022/004935).
文摘Density functional theory(DFT)calculations were employed to investigate the adsorption behavior of NH_(3),AsH_(3),PH_(3),CO_(2),and CH_(4)molecules on both pristine and mono-vacancy phosphorene sheets.The pristine phosphorene surface showsweak physisorption with all the gasmolecules,inducing onlyminor changes in its structural and electronic properties.However,the introduction ofmono-vacancies significantly enhances the interaction strength with NH_(3),PH_(3),CO_(2),and CH_(4).These variations are attributed to substantial charge redistribution and orbital hybridization in the presence of defects.The defective phosphorene sheet also exhibits enhanced adsorption energies,along with favorable sensitivity and recovery characteristics,highlighting its potential as a promising gas sensor for NH_(3),AsH_(3),PH_(3),CO_(2),and CH_(4)at ambient conditions.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22308279)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515110695)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.2023NSCQMSX2773).
文摘As a common electronic adhesive,ultraviolet(UV)curing polyurethane acrylate adhesive has both flexibility and wear resistance of polyurethane,excellent weather resistance and optical properties of acrylate.Despite the extensive applications,it is still difficult to solve the problems caused by the shrinkage of adhesive.Here,a new type of photosensitive adhesive for bonding electronic components based on supramolecular interaction was designed and synthesized.The supramolecular interaction of cyclodextrin and adamantane moieties introduced into the adhesive polymer entitles the viscosity of the adhesive to rise rapidly during use,thereby preventing adhesive loss and dislocation of electronic components.UV light could further cure the adhesive and position the electronic components.The adhesive shrunk<2%when cured by UV light,so it can be used for electronic packaging and high-resolution,defect-free lithography.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD1700801-3)Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Prevention Control and Resource Reuse(No.2023SSY02061)support of the projects and research platform support provided by the laboratory.
文摘Single-atom catalysts(SACs)are among the most cutting-edge catalysts in the multiphase catalysis track due to their unique geometrical and electronic properties,the highest atom utilization efficiency,and uniform active sites.SACs have been facing an unresolved problem in practical applications:the opposing contradiction of activity-stability.The successful development of single-atom nano-islands(SANIs)cleverly combines the ultra-high atom utilization efficiency of SACs with the confinement effect and structural stability of nano-island structures,realizing the“moving but not aggregation”of SACs,which fundamentally solves this inherent contradiction.Although research on the precise loading of single atoms on nano-islands continues to advance,existing reviews have not yet established a closed-loop cognitive framework encompassing“models-synthesis-high stability mechanisms-high activity essence-applications.”This work fills this critical gap by systematically integrating the basic conceptual models and cutting-edge synthesis strategies of SANIs,focusing on revealing the underlying mechanisms by which SANIs overcome the stability bottleneck of SACs,elucidating the role of nano-islands and their synergistic mechanisms to clarify the high activity essence,and establishing the structure-activity relationship between atomic confinement effects and macroscopic performance,ultimately achieving breakthrough validation across catalytic systems.This review aims to open new perspectives,drive a paradigm shift in understanding the multi-dimensional advantages of SANIs,and thereby spur breakthrough progress in this frontier field.
基金financial support from National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0704002,2018YFE0202300,2023YFA1607500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22174152,21991081,2204167,21505153,21675170,2147514621735007,and 22204167)+2 种基金Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023AFA041)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0540300)Funding of Wuhan Special Project for Knowledge Innovation(2023020201010085).
文摘Cytochrome c(cyt c)is released from mitochondria into the cytosol upon apoptotic stimulation,ultimately triggering programmed cell death.Recent studies have revealed that transfer RNA(tRNA)interacts with cyt c,impeding the formation of the apoptosome complex and thereby suppressing apoptosis.To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between cyt c and tRNA,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based chemical shift perturbation and intensity analysis were employed to characterize the binding interface between cyt c and tRNAphe.The findings demonstrate that cyt c primarily engages with tRNAphe through its 70–85Ω-loop and N-terminalα-helix.This interaction sterically hinders the accessibility of small molecules,such as H_(2)O_(2),to the hydrophobic pocket of cyt c,consequently attenuating its peroxidase activity.Furthermore,oxidative modification of cyt c,particularly the carbonylation of positively charged lysine residues,weakens this interaction.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.22371003,22101001,and 22471001)the Ministry of Education,Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2408085Y006)+1 种基金the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(No.GXXT-2020-053)the Scientific Research Program of Universities in Anhui Province(No.2022AH030009).
文摘Understanding the photoluminescence(PL)mechanism of metal nanoclusters from both molecular and supramolecular perspectives is crucial for developing highly emissive cluster-based nanomaterials.In this study,we synthesized two structurally similar Ag14 nanoclusters with different phosphine stabilizers,which demonstrated opposite PL behaviors in solution and crystalline states.The Ag14 nanocluster stabilized by P(Ph-OMe)_(3) ligands exhibited a higher PL intensity compared to the one stabilized by P(Ph-F)_(3) ligands,which was attributed to the stronger electron-donating ability of the P(Ph-OMe)_(3) ligand that improved ligand-to-metal charge transfer efficiency.In contrast,the P(Ph-F)_(3) stabilized Ag14 crystals displayed greater PL intensity than the Ag14 cluster crystal with a-OMe surface,which was due to stronger intermolecular interactions within the cluster lattice of the former that limited non-radiative energy loss and thus enhanced PL.Overall,this work aims to promote a comprehensive understanding of the fluorescence in cluster-based nanomaterials,which will be beneficial for their downstream applications.
基金funded by UKRI Global Challenges Research Fund through the Economic and Social Research Council(grant reference:ES/T004959/1)with additional partial support from the National Research Foundation of South Africa(grant CSUR230503101533)。
文摘Globally,mealtimes provide key insights into cultural and social values and practices.We examine mealtime environments and eating practices in two different African settings using quantitative observational and questionnaire data.Participating families(N=80)were recruited from two rural locations in Zambia and Kenya.Results following descriptive analysis showed that meals are typically taken as a family in a sociable context,providing opportunities to nurture children’s positive behaviours.In both communities,mothers(71.25%)were most likely to be present and typically prepared meals and provided the food.We observed a few distractions being used during mealtimes,and children finished their food with little to no conflict.Plate sharing varied across the two sites and was more common in Zambia,where we also observed more traditional practices such as eating with hands(as opposed to cutlery)and sitting on mats on the ground(as opposed to seated on chairs or sofas).Overall,our findings suggest more similarities in the cultural and social values across the two African contexts despite slight differences in mealtime practices.In particular,positive mealtime behaviours(little food refusal,lack of conflict)were common across all contexts,regardless of the extent to which traditional practices(such as plate-sharing and sitting on the floor)were used.Findings align with Family Systems theory,which states that the family is understood best by conceptualizing it as a complex,dynamic,and changing collection of parts,subsystems,and family members.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274044,82304663)National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC3501802,2022YFC3501803,and 2022YFC3501804)+1 种基金the Scientific and technological innovation project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2023E002,CI2024E003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ13-YQ-049,ZZ16-XRZ-072,ZZ17-YQ-025,ZXKT22052,and ZXKT22060).
文摘Keystone taxa are critical for microbial community homeostasis and ecological niche interactions.However,the functions and genomic traits of endophytic keystone fungi in plant tissues remain unclear.Via network analysis,this study identified keystone fungi Plectosphaerella(Plec)and Cladosporium(Clad)in roots/leaves of medicinal Panax plants(P.ginseng,P.quinquefolius,P.notoginseng).Both correlated strongly positively with ginsenoside Rd content in respective tissues(ρ>0.6,p<0.001).Co-cultivation confirmed their ability to convert ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd,linked toβ-glucosidase activity.Whole-genome sequencing/assembly/evolutionary analysis of the two strains elucidated genomic features for their keystone roles and saponin biotransformation.Genome mining found multiple GH3 genes(potential saponin transformers)in both;11(Plec)and 5(Clad)were upregulated by cellobiose.Gene family phylogenetic analysis showed expanded transmembrane transport and environmental response functions.Both also had abundant secondary metabolic gene clusters and secretome genes,linking biotic interaction functions to their keystone roles.In summary,this study shows Panax endophytic keystone fungi can participate in ginsenoside biotransformation and clarifies their genomic traits,offering insights for functional endophytic fungal resource development.
基金funding by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174492)National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion Project(N o.ZJJBGS2024002-1).
文摘Background: The human gut microbiome is an important target for disease treatment and prevention. Various microbial species within the complex ecosystem of the microbiome have been shown to play important roles in disease. Identification of bioactive materials capable of altering the abundances of these species both safely and effectively is a major goal in microbiome research. Many traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been reported to affect the composition of the gut microbiome. Here, we summarize studies that have used TCMs to alter the gut microbiome and discuss the response relationship between TCMs and gut microbial species. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Knowledge Network databases using the terms “traditional Chinese medicine,” “gut microbiome,” and specific system disease names (endocrine, immune, nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive). Studies were excluded if irrelevant or if the experimental procedures were unclear. Results: TCMs have been reported to affect a wide range of gut microbial taxa spanning major phyla, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria. In all, 54 TCMs including compounds and extracts have been tested in rodents and 30 have been examined in human trials. Almost all studies have reported positive results in regulating the gut microbiome as well as modulating corresponding phenotypes, spanning diseases of the endocrine, immune, nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. Gut species, including Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and E. coli, were found to be regulated by 19 TCMs. A network was constructed to visualize the interactions between TCMs and these taxa. Conclusion: There exists a complex and close relationship between intestinal microflora and diseases. Sufficient experimental data and studies have proved that the imbalance of intestinal microflora affects health by mediating metabolism, immune regulation, inflammation and signal transduction. Many characteristic alterations of intestinal microflora are positively correlated with diseases, so intestinal microflora has become a potential risk index and treatment target for many diseases. Many TCMs affect the relative abundances of microbial species in the gut, and therefore may be useful for modulating the gut microbiome. This review provides a reference for prioritizing candidate TCMs from the enormous repertoire of such medicines to test which specific gut microbes are targeted.
基金support from National Science Foundation of China(22438005)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BE2022056-3)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Nanoporous polymers are extensively coated on various substrates to deliver optical,permselective,or other functions.However,it remains desired to fast produce uniform nanoporous polymer coatings on substrates with complex surfaces.Herein,by manipulating the interactions between block copolymers and selective solvents,we prepare repairable nanoporous polymers on arbitrary substrates.This is realized by an extremely simple sequential coating process:sequential coating of block copolymers and their swelling agents on substrate surfaces.The swelling agents are comprised of two solvents that swell the constituent blocks of the copolymers to different degrees,rapidly producing polymer coatings with uniform,interconnected,sub-50 nm pores.This sequential coating process is able to conformally build nanoporous polymers on nonplanar substrates with large lateral sizes and complex surface features,and also to in situ repair defects arising during usages.We further demonstrate that the nanoporous coatings show excellent antireflective and membrane separation performances.This sequential coating process is dictated by polymer–solvent interactions,and is expected to find applications in diverse fields for its simplicity,adaptability,and the capability to produce well-defined nanoporosities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279079 and 22472101)Guangdong Science and Technology Department Program(2021QN02L252,2023A1515010021,and 2024A1515011543)Research Team Cultivation Program of Shenzhen University(2023QNT007)。
文摘Multi-site coupling is a promising strategy for developing highly efficient and CO-resistant hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).However,designing multifunctional synergistic schemes for single-atom sites remains a significant challenge.Herein,we propose a dual-template-confined oxophilic engineering strategy to construct well-dispersed iridium-nickel(IrNi)atomic dimers adjacent to IrNi nanoclusters on porous nitrogen-doped carbon(IrNi_(Dimer/NC1.8)-PNC).The paired IrNi dimer features an asymmetric Ir-N_(3)configuration coordinated with heteroatomic Ni-N_(3)O via an N-bridge.Remarkably,IrNi_(Dimer/NC1.8)-PNC exhibits a~23-fold enhancement in mass activity(4.36 A mg-1Ir at 20 mV)and 5-fold longer stability compared to benchmarking Pt/C toward HOR,while achieving a high rated power density of 1.18 W cm^(-2)in PEMFC anode applications.Furthermore,IrNi_(Dimer/NC1.8)-PNC demonstrates superior CO tolerance over monometallic Ir and Pt/C in both half-cell and full-cell devices.Combined experimental and density functional theory studies reveal that oxophilic Ni modulates the electronic environment of Ir through alloying and dimer interactions,thereby enhancing HOR activity.Importantly,the asymmetric IrNi dimer enables efficient CO^(*)and OH^(*)co-adsorption while facilitating CO_(2)^(*)desorption,synergistically mitigating CO poisoning and improving atom utilization efficiency.This work provides a design strategy and fundamental insights for multi-site synergistic catalysts in PEMFC anodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82373800)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515011236)Continuation"Project of Excellent Doctors,Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2025A04J5082).
文摘The protein corona formation has been reported to influence the liposomes’behavioral performance in vivo.Accordingly,the effect of physiologically relevant inorganic ion pairs(sodium chloride,sodium sulfate,magnesium chloride,and magnesium sulfate)was investigated.Bovine serum albumin(BSA)was selected as the model protein.Parameters including particle size and zeta potential were assessed,while various spectroscopic techniques were utilized to elucidate the changes in BSA during its interaction with liposomes.The particle size and light intensity distribution changes indicated that the introduction of inorganic pairs,especially the metal cations,could significantly influence both the adsorption of BSA and the aggregation of particles.Furthermore,spectral characterization elucidated that BSA exhibited more extended peptide chains with enhanced exposure to hydrophobic acid amino residues upon adding ion pairs.Electrostatic adsorption and chelation insertion were proposed as metal ion binding modes and the corresponding BSA corona formation.In the electrostatic adsorption mode,sodium ions can enhance the electrostatic interactions,facilitating the“connection”between BSA and liposomes.Magnesium ions can induce stronger hydrophobic interactions through chelation,effectively“drag”BSA segments into the lipid bilayer.This work highlighted important physiological factors for protein-liposome interaction and provided rational model constructions to lay the foundation for further relevant studies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52363007)。
文摘Recycling of waste rubber(WR)is crucial for the sustainable development of the rubber industry.The enhancement of interfacial interactions is the main strategy for waste polymer recycling.However,there is a lack of methods for enhancing the interfacial interactions for WR recycling because WR contains abundant inert C―H bonds.Herein,we designed thioctic acid inverse vulcanization copolymers to endow recycled WR with dynamic disulfide interfacial interactions,significantly improving the mechanical properties of recycled WR.These disulfide interfacial interactions among the recycled WR tend to exchange,which dramatically increases the fractocohesive length and prevents stress concentration near the crack tips.When recycled WR is subjected to external stress,the loads are redistributed across a broad region of adjacent regions instead of being concentrated on a limited length scale,which resists crack propagation.This work effectively recycled WR,providing a strategy for solvent-free reaction-derived inverse vulcanization copolymers to improve the toughness of WR recycling.
基金supported in part by the Mining Hydraulic Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin,China(Grant No.MHTE23-R04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ID N25BSS068).
文摘This study presents an implicit multiphysics coupling method integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),the Multiphase Particle-in-Cell(MPPIC)model,and the Finite Element Method(FEM),implemented with OpenFOAM,CalculiX,and preCICE to simulate fluid-particle-structure interactions with large deformations.Mesh motion in the fluid field is handled using the radial basis function(RBF)method.The particle phase is modeled by MPPIC,where fluid-particle interaction is described through momentum exchange,and inter-particle collisions are characterized by collision stress.The structural field is solved by nonlinear FEM to capture large deformations induced by geometric nonlinearity.Coupling among fields is realized through a partitioned,parallel,and non-intrusive iterative strategy,ensuring stable transfer and convergence of interface forces and displacements.Notably,the influence of particles on the structure is not direct but mediated by the fluid,while structural motion directly affects particle dynamics.The results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively captures multiphysics interaction processes and provides a valuable reference for numerical modeling of coupled fluid-particle-structure systems.
基金Supported by the Development and Application Project of Ship CAE Software.
文摘Studies of wave-current interactions are vital for the safe design of structures.Regular waves in the presence of uniform,linear shear,and quadratic shear currents are explored by the High-Level Green-Naghdi model in this paper.The five-point central difference method is used for spatial discretization,and the fourth-order Adams predictor-corrector scheme is employed for marching in time.The domain-decomposition method is applied for the wave-current generation and absorption.The effects of currents on the wave profile and velocity field are examined under two conditions:the same velocity of currents at the still-water level and the constant flow volume of currents.Wave profiles and velocity fields demonstrate substantial differences in three types of currents owing to the diverse vertical distribution of current velocity and vorticity.Then,loads on small-scale vertical cylinders subjected to regular waves and three types of background currents with the same flow volume are investigated.The maximum load intensity and load fluctuation amplitude in uniform,linear shear,and quadratic shear currents increase sequentially.The stretched superposition method overestimates the maximum load intensity and load fluctuation amplitude in opposing currents and underestimates these values in following currents.The stretched superposition method obtains a poor approximation for strong nonlinear waves,particularly in the case of the opposing quadratic shear current.
基金funded by the Beef Cattle Research Council Cluster(FDE.18.21C)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discovery,NSERC Canadian Research Chair(Tier 1)program+2 种基金NSERC Alliance program(ALLRP 588541‐23)Foundation for Food&Agriculture Research Greener Cattle Initiative(Award ID 22‐000373)DSM Nutritional Products,Kaiseraugst,Switzerland。
文摘Background The enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol(3-NOP)inhibits the key enzyme in ruminal methanogenesis,but whether short-term(ST)and long-term(LT)dietary supplementation has similar effects on rumen microbiota in beef cattle and how microbes change after 3-NOP withdrawal have not been studied.This study investigated changes in rumen bacteria,archaea,and protozoa after ST and LT dietary supplementation and removal of 3-NOP using metataxonomic analysis.Results A total of 143 rumen samples were collected from two beef cattle studies with 3-NOP supplementation.The ST study(95 samples)used eight ruminally cannulated beef cattle in a 4×4 Latin square design with four 28-d of 3-NOP treatments[mg/kg of dry matter(DM)]:control:0,low:53,med:161,and high:345.The LT study(48 samples)was a completely randomized design with two 3-NOP treatments[control:0,and high:280 mg/kg of DM)fed for 112-d followed by a 16-d withdrawal(without 3-NOP).Bacterial and archaeal communities were significantly affected by 3-NOP supplementation but limited effects on protozoal communities were observed.Under ST supplementation,the relative abundances of Prevotella,Methanobrevibacter(Mbb.)ruminantium,Methanosphaera sp.ISO3-F5,and Entodinium were increased(Q<0.05),whereas those of Mbb.gottschalkii and Epidinium were decreased(Q<0.05)with 3-NOP supplementation.In LT study,relative abundances of Mbb.ruminantium,and Methanosphaera sp.Group5 were increased(Q<0.05),while those of Saccharofermentans and Mbb.gottschalkii were decreased(Q<0.05)with 3-NOP supplementation.Comparison between 3-NOP supplementation and the withdrawal revealed increased relative abundances of Clostridia UCG-014 and Oscillospiraceae NK4A214 group and decreased those of Eubacterium nodatum group and Methanosphaera sp.Group5(P<0.05)after 3-NOP withdrawal.Further comparison of rumen microbiota between control and 3-NOP withdrawal showed significantly higher(P=0.029)relative abundances of Eggerthellaceae DNF00809,p-1088-a5 gut group,and Family XII UCG-001 in control group while no significant differences were detected for archaea and protozoa.Microbial network analysis revealed that microbial interactions differed by both 3-NOP dose and durations.Conclusions Both ST and LT supplementation affected overall rumen microbial profile,with individual microbial groups responded to 3-NOP supplementation differently.After 3-NOP withdrawal,not all microbes showed recovery,indicating that the 3-NOP driven shifts were only partially reversible.These findings provide an understanding of the effects of 3-NOP on rumen microbial communities and their adaptability to methane mitigation strategies.
