Nitrogen (N) is a crucial nutrient vital for the growth and productivity of maize. However, excessive nitrogen application can result in numerous environmental and ecological problems, such as water pollution, biodive...Nitrogen (N) is a crucial nutrient vital for the growth and productivity of maize. However, excessive nitrogen application can result in numerous environmental and ecological problems, such as water pollution, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, breeding maize hybrids resilient to low nitrogen conditions is crucial for sustainable agriculture, especially under low nitrogen conditions. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the combining ability and heterosis of maize lines, recognize promising hybrids, and study gene action controlling key traits under low and recommended N stress conditions. The half-diallel mating design hybridized seven maize inbreds, resulting in 21 F1 hybrids. These hybrids, along with two high-yielding commercial hybrids (SC10 and TWC310), were evaluated in field trials under recommended (290 kg/ha) and low N (166 kg N/ha) conditions. Significant variations were observed among assessed hybrids for all measured traits, with non-additive gene action being predominant for grain yield and its related characteristics under recommended and low N conditions. Inbred lines P105 and P106 were recognized as effective combiners for earliness, with P105 also excelling in shorter plant height and lower ear placement. In addition, P101, P102, and P104 were identified as good combiners for increasing grain yield and related attributes under low N conditions. The crosses P105 × P106 and P106 × P107 demonstrated outstanding heterotic effects for earliness, while hybrids P101 × P102 and P102 × P104 exhibited remarkable heterotic effects for grain yield low nitrogen stress conditions. These promising hybrids could be considered for commercial use after further evaluation. Strong positive correlations were found between grain yield and ear height, plant height, number of kernels per row, and 1000-grain weight, highlighting their importance for indirect selection to enhance the grain yield of maize under low N stress conditions.展开更多
Challenges arise in global viticulture due to low temperatures.To ensure the sustainable and high-quality development of the wine industry,it is essential to breed wine grape varieties that are not only of high qualit...Challenges arise in global viticulture due to low temperatures.To ensure the sustainable and high-quality development of the wine industry,it is essential to breed wine grape varieties that are not only of high quality but also possess cold hardiness.Intraspecific recurrent selection in Vitis vinifera can enhance cold hardiness while maintaining fruit quality.In this study,we used‘Ecolly’as an intermediary grape variety for crossing with‘Cabernet Sauvignon’,‘Marselan’,and‘Dunkelfelder’,including three reciprocal crosses and a total of 1,657 intraspecific hybrids.We characterized the cold hardiness of these intraspecific hybrids and analyzed the genetic aspects of cold hardiness,ultimately identifying excellent strains with cold hardiness.Parameters like mean high-temperature exotherm(mHTE),mean low-temperature exotherm(mLTE),bound/free water ratio,water loss ratio in vitro,frost damage grades,and overall performance displayed partially normal distributions.In intraspecific hybrids,there was a maternal advantage in traits related to bound/free water ratio and water loss ratio.Some hybrid populations exhibited values for mHTE,mLTE,and water loss ratio that were lower than the low parent's values,while bound/free water ratio showed values higher than the high parent's values.Among the 1,657 intraspecific hybrids,52 strains could bud under stress at-18℃,and seven of these strains excelled in three important cold hardiness measures.Our study revealed that cold hardiness in V.vinifera is influenced by multiple genes and is a quantitative trait.Intraspecific hybridization can produce a small number of superior strains with enhanced cold hardiness.展开更多
Realizing high-rate capability and high-efficiency utilization of polyanionic cathode materials is of great importance for practical sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) since they usually suffer from extremely low electronic c...Realizing high-rate capability and high-efficiency utilization of polyanionic cathode materials is of great importance for practical sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) since they usually suffer from extremely low electronic conductivity and limited ionic diffusion kinetics. Herein, taking Na_(3.5)V_(1.5)Mn_(0.5)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVMP) as an example, a reinforced concrete-like hierarchical and porous hybrid(NVMP@C@3DPG) built from 3D graphene(“rebar”) frameworks and in situ generated carbon coated NVMP(“concrete”) has been developed by a facile polymer assisted self-assembly and subsequent solid-state method. Such hybrids deliver superior rate capability(73.9 m Ah/g up to 20 C) and excellent cycling stability in a wide temperature range with a high specific capacity of 88.4 m Ah/g after 5000 cycles at 15 C at room temperature, and a high capacity retention of 97.1% after 500 cycles at 1 C(-20 ℃), and maintaining a high reversible capacity of 110.3 m Ah/g in full cell. This work offers a facile and efficient strategy to develop advanced polyanionic cathodes with high-efficiency utilization and 3D electron/ion transport systems.展开更多
Renewable energy driven N_(2) electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia production.However,relevant out-lab research is still in its infancy.Herein,a novel S...Renewable energy driven N_(2) electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia production.However,relevant out-lab research is still in its infancy.Herein,a novel Sn-based MXene/MAX hybrid with abundant Sn vacancies,Sn@Ti_(2)CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V,was synthesized by controlled etching Sn@Ti_(2)SnC MAX phase and demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic N2 reduction.Due to the synergistic effect of MXene/MAX heterostructure,the existence of Sn vacancies and the highly dispersed Sn active sites,the obtained Sn@Ti2CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V exhibits an optimal NH_(3) yield of 28.4μg h^(−1) mg_(cat)^(−1) with an excellent FE of 15.57% at−0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na_(2)SO_(4),as well as an ultra-long durability.Noticeably,this catalyst represents a satisfactory NH3 yield rate of 10.53μg h^(−1) mg^(−1) in the home-made simulation device,where commercial electrochemical photovoltaic cell was employed as power source,air and ultrapure water as feed stock.The as-proposed strategy represents great potential toward ammonia production in terms of financial cost according to the systematic technical economic analysis.This work is of significance for large-scale green ammonia production.展开更多
The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits cau...The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits caused by long-term inbreeding have been major concerns to the industry in the last two decades.Hybridization between the two bay scallop subspecies may provide a new approach to breed a new variety with superior production traits for the industry.For this end,in this study,we hybridized the two bay scallop subspecies in order to obtain a new strain that incorporates the genes of both subspecies.No significant difference was found in fertilization rate,hatching rate and metamorphosis rate between the purebred and crossbred cohorts(NN♀×SS♂,denoted as NS;SS♀×NN♂,denoted as SN).Both mating strategy(intra-vs.inter-population crosses)and egg origin had significant effects on growth and survival at the larval stage.Heterosis was observed in the crossbred and was more pronounced in older stages.Genetic diversity of the reciprocal hybrids,especially that of SN,was increased compared with the purebred cohorts.Almost all hybrids were completely fertile and able to reproduce by selffertilization or by backcrossing with either parent.Apparently,male sterile individuals whose gonads were fully occupied by the ovary part at mature stage were found in the hybrids for the first time.The hybrids,especially SN,may provide precious germplasm resources for the production of ternary hybrids with the Peruvian scallop,A.purpuratus.展开更多
This study aimed to discriminate ten Cameroonian cocoa hybrids according to their total fat, fatty acid composition, tocopherol and tocotrienol profiles. Six cocoa clones from the gene banks of the Cameroon Cocoa Deve...This study aimed to discriminate ten Cameroonian cocoa hybrids according to their total fat, fatty acid composition, tocopherol and tocotrienol profiles. Six cocoa clones from the gene banks of the Cameroon Cocoa Development Corporation were used to create hybrids. The determination of fatty acid composition was carried out by using a gas chromatography (GC) apparatus coupled by a flame ion detector (FID). Tocopherol and tocotrienol analysis was performed by upper high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Information on the impact of the genotype on the cocoa fat composition was provided. The major fatty acids (FA) in fermented samples are stearic (34.57%), palmitic (26.13%), oleic (34.13%) and linoleic (3.16%) acids. (35.05% to 35.6%). SCA12 × ICS40, SCA12 × SNK13, SNK13 × T79/501 have the least hard cocoa butters. Tocopherols analysis showed a predominance of γ-tocopherols (94.64 ± 1.51 to 292.16 ± 3.17 µg∙g<sup>−1</sup>), whereas only a small amount of β and δ-tocopherol (from 0.46 to 2.78 µg∙g<sup>−1</sup> and 0.12 to 5.82 respectively) was observed. No γ-tocotrienol was found in fermented samples. A differentiation in terms of total fat and tocopherol content was observed amongst hybrids with the same mother-clone, suggesting an impact of pollen on these compounds.展开更多
Supercapacitors are gaining popularity due to their high cycling stability,power density,and fast charge and discharge rates.Researchers are ex-ploring electrode materials,electrolytes,and separat-ors for cost-effecti...Supercapacitors are gaining popularity due to their high cycling stability,power density,and fast charge and discharge rates.Researchers are ex-ploring electrode materials,electrolytes,and separat-ors for cost-effective energy storage systems.Ad-vances in materials science have led to the develop-ment of hybrid nanomaterials,such as combining fil-amentous carbon forms with inorganic nanoparticles,to create new charge and energy transfer processes.Notable materials for electrochemical energy-stor-age applications include MXenes,2D transition met-al carbides,and nitrides,carbon black,carbon aerogels,activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,conducting polymers,carbon fibers,and nanofibers,and graphene,because of their thermal,electrical,and mechanical properties.Carbon materials mixed with conducting polymers,ceramics,metal oxides,transition metal oxides,metal hydroxides,transition metal sulfides,trans-ition metal dichalcogenide,metal sulfides,carbides,nitrides,and biomass materials have received widespread attention due to their remarkable performance,eco-friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and renewability.This article explores the development of carbon-based hybrid materials for future supercapacitors,including electric double-layer capacitors,pseudocapacitors,and hy-brid supercapacitors.It investigates the difficulties that influence structural design,manufacturing(electrospinning,hydro-thermal/solvothermal,template-assisted synthesis,electrodeposition,electrospray,3D printing)techniques and the latest car-bon-based hybrid materials research offer practical solutions for producing high-performance,next-generation supercapacitors.展开更多
Evaluating the fitness of hybrids can provide important insights into genetic differences between species or diverging populations.We focused on surface-and cave-ecotypes of the widespread Atlantic molly Poecilia mexi...Evaluating the fitness of hybrids can provide important insights into genetic differences between species or diverging populations.We focused on surface-and cave-ecotypes of the widespread Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana and raised F1 hybrids of reciprocal crosses to sexual maturity in a common-garden experiment.Hybrids were reared in a fully factorial 2 x 2 design consisting of lighting(light vs.darkness)and resource availability(high vs.low food).We quantified survival,ability to realize their full reproductive potential(i.e.,completed maturation for males and 3 consecutive births for females)and essential life-history traits.Compared to the performance of pure cave and surface fish from a previous experiment,F1s had the highest death rate and the lowest proportion of fish that reached their full reproductive potential.We also uncovered an intriguing pattern of sex-specific phenotype expression,because male hybrids expressed cave molly life histories,while female hybrids expressed surface molly life histories.Our results provide evidence for strong selection against hybrids in the cave molly system,but also sug-gest a complex pattern of sex-specific(opposing)dominance,with certain surface molly genes being dominant in female hybrids and certain cavemollygenes beingdominant in malehybrids.展开更多
Present of wind power is sporadically and cannot be utilized as the only fundamental load of energy sources.This paper proposes a wind-solar hybrid energy storage system(HESS)to ensure a stable supply grid for a longe...Present of wind power is sporadically and cannot be utilized as the only fundamental load of energy sources.This paper proposes a wind-solar hybrid energy storage system(HESS)to ensure a stable supply grid for a longer period.A multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA)and state of charge(SOC)region division for the batteries are introduced to solve the objective function and configuration of the system capacity,respectively.MATLAB/Simulink was used for simulation test.The optimization results show that for a 0.5 MW wind power and 0.5 MW photovoltaic system,with a combination of a 300 Ah lithium battery,a 200 Ah lead-acid battery,and a water storage tank,the proposed strategy reduces the system construction cost by approximately 18,000 yuan.Additionally,the cycle count of the electrochemical energy storage systemincreases from4515 to 4660,while the depth of discharge decreases from 55.37%to 53.65%,achieving shallow charging and discharging,thereby extending battery life and reducing grid voltage fluctuations significantly.The proposed strategy is a guide for stabilizing the grid connection of wind and solar power generation,capability allocation,and energy management of energy conservation systems.展开更多
The new energy power generation is becoming increasingly important in the power system.Such as photovoltaic power generation has become a research hotspot,however,due to the characteristics of light radiation changes,...The new energy power generation is becoming increasingly important in the power system.Such as photovoltaic power generation has become a research hotspot,however,due to the characteristics of light radiation changes,photovoltaic power generation is unstable and random,resulting in a low utilization rate and directly affecting the stability of the power grid.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a coordinated control strategy for a newenergy power generation system with a hybrid energy storage unit based on the lithium iron phosphate-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage unit.Firstly,the variational mode decomposition algorithm is used to separate the high and low frequencies of the power signal,which is conducive to the rapid and accurate suppression of the power fluctuation of the energy storage system.Secondly,the fuzzy control algorithm is introduced to balance the power between energy storage.In this paper,the actual data is used for simulation,and the simulation results show that the strategy realizes the effective suppression of the bus voltage fluctuation and the accurate control of the internal state of the energy storage unit,effectively avoiding problems such as overshoot and over-discharge,and can significantly improve the stability of the photovoltaic power generation systemand the stability of the Direct Current bus.It is of great significance to promote the development of collaborative control technology for photovoltaic hybrid energy storage units.展开更多
Developing high-yield maize hybrids is critical for sustaining maize production,especially in the face of rapid climate changes and the growing global population.Exploring the genetic diversity and combining ability i...Developing high-yield maize hybrids is critical for sustaining maize production,especially in the face of rapid climate changes and the growing global population.Exploring the genetic diversity and combining ability in parental inbreds is needed for developing such high-yielding hybrids.Consequently,this study aimed at evaluating parental genetic diversity employing simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers,estimating effects of general(GCA)and specific(SCA)combining abilities for grain yield and yield contributing characters,identifying high yielding hybrids,and evaluating the association of SCA effects and performance of hybrids with genetic distance.Half-diallel mating scheme was utilized to develop 21 F_(1) hybrids from seven diverse maize inbred lines.The F_(1) hybrids along with check hybrid(SC-10),were investigated in a field trial over two growing seasons under arid conditions.The assessed F_(1) hybrids displayed significant genetic variations across all recorded traits.The inbreds P_(1) and P_(3) were detected as effective combiners to develop early maturing hybrids.Additionally,P_(3) and P_(4) were recognized as better combiners for improving grain yield and yield attributed characters.The hybrids P_(1)×P_(5) and P_(4)×P_(7) displayed significant SCA effects coupled with favorable agronomic performance.These hybrids are recommended for further evaluation and release as variety for arid environments to increase total maize production and contribute to food security.The alleles per locus differed between 2 and 5,with average of 3.5 alleles/locus.The polymorphic information content(PIC)altered between 0.21 to 0.74,with a mean of 0.56.Unweighted neighbor-joining tree grouped the inbred lines into three clusters,providing a valuable tool to decrease the crosses needed to be assessed in the trial field.Parental genetic distance varied from 0.63 to 0.90,averaging 0.79.The relationship between genetic diversity assessed through SSR markers and SCA effects was insignificant for all considered traits.Otherwise,SCA demonstrated a significant correlation with hybrid performance,suggesting that SCA serves as a reliable predictor for hybrid performance.The assessed maize inbred lines and developed hybrids revealed substantial genetic variability,offering valuable resources for enhancing maize productivity under arid conditions.The identified promising inbred lines(P_(1),P_(3),and P_(4))might be regarded as effective combiners for developing early-maturing genotypes and excellent combiners for enhancing yield attributes.Notably,the developed hybrids P_(1)×P_(5) and P_(4)×P_(7) possessed significant SCA alongside superior yield traits.SCA demonstrated a significant correlation with hybrid performance,suggesting its potential as a reliable predictor for the performance of developed hybrids.展开更多
In recent years,photocatalysis with efficient,low-cost and stable metal-free catalysts is one of the most promising technologies for non-polluting energy production and resource-economic environment purifying.Benefiti...In recent years,photocatalysis with efficient,low-cost and stable metal-free catalysts is one of the most promising technologies for non-polluting energy production and resource-economic environment purifying.Benefiting from the molecularly precise backbones,regular and homogeneous porosity,lightelement composition,nitrogen-rich system with unique electronic band structure of two-dimensional(2D)covalent triazine framework(CTF),as well as the huge specific surface area,superior thermal conductivity,excellent carrier mobility and mechanical properties of 2D graphene,CTF/graphene hybrid-based photocatalysts show great application potential in the field of photocatalysis.In this review,the recent development in synthesis of CTF/graphene hybrid-based photocatalysts,and their applications in photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants are summarized.Firstly,we briefly describe the molecular structures,physicochemical properties,and synthetic strategies for CTF/graphene hybrid-based photocatalysts including solution mixing method,in-situ polymerization method and sol-gel method.We further assess the impact of different preparation methods on the structure,morphology,and interacting model between CTF and graphene in CTF/graphene hybrids.Following the various preparation process for CTF/graphene hybrid-based photocatalysts,these methods are analyzed and compared regarding their merits and demerits.Secondly,the functions of CTF/graphene hybrid-based photocatalysts obtained from different synthesis approaches that enhance the catalytic activity for photocataLytic hydrogen evolution and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants are discussed from the three aspects of light harvesting,charge separation and transfer,and surface catalysis.Particular focus has been placed on the catalytic mechanisms of CTF/graphene hybridbased photocatalysts for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and improved photocatalytic degradation of pollutants.Then the rational manipulation of selection and building units of CTF,connecting bonds between CTF and graphene,dimensions and pore structures of CTF/graphene hybrids in design of CTF/graphene hybrid-based photocatalysts is discussed,aiming to inspire critical thinking about the effective strategies for modification of photocatalysts rather than the development of novel materials.In the end,the challenges and some future trends of CTF/graphene hybrids as advanced photocatalysts are also discussed from three aspects:catalysts design,performance stability and reaction mechanism.The approaches offer potential solutions to address the challenges of largescale production,catalyst activity and stability in the further research and development of new types of metal-free hybrid photocatalysts with high efficiency.展开更多
Power quality is a crucial area of research in contemporary power systems,particularly given the rapid proliferation of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power.This study investigated the relationship...Power quality is a crucial area of research in contemporary power systems,particularly given the rapid proliferation of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power.This study investigated the relationships between power quality indices of system output and PSD by utilizing theories related to spectra,PSD,and random signal power spectra.The relationship was derived,validated through experiments and simulations,and subsequently applied to multi-objective optimization.Various optimization algorithms were compared to achieve optimal system power quality.The findings revealed that the relationships between power quality indices and PSD were influenced by variations in the order of the power spectral estimation model.An increase in the order of the AR model resulted in a 36%improvement in the number of optimal solutions.Regarding optimal solution distribution,NSGA-II demonstrated superior diversity,while MOEA/D exhibited better convergence.However,practical applications showed that while MOEA/D had higher convergence,NSGA-II produced superior optimal solutions,achieving the best power quality indices(THDi at 4.62%,d%at 3.51%,and cosφat 96%).These results suggest that the proposed method holds significant potential for optimizing power quality in practical applications.展开更多
基金Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Research Supporting Project Number PNURSP2025R241,Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Nitrogen (N) is a crucial nutrient vital for the growth and productivity of maize. However, excessive nitrogen application can result in numerous environmental and ecological problems, such as water pollution, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, breeding maize hybrids resilient to low nitrogen conditions is crucial for sustainable agriculture, especially under low nitrogen conditions. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the combining ability and heterosis of maize lines, recognize promising hybrids, and study gene action controlling key traits under low and recommended N stress conditions. The half-diallel mating design hybridized seven maize inbreds, resulting in 21 F1 hybrids. These hybrids, along with two high-yielding commercial hybrids (SC10 and TWC310), were evaluated in field trials under recommended (290 kg/ha) and low N (166 kg N/ha) conditions. Significant variations were observed among assessed hybrids for all measured traits, with non-additive gene action being predominant for grain yield and its related characteristics under recommended and low N conditions. Inbred lines P105 and P106 were recognized as effective combiners for earliness, with P105 also excelling in shorter plant height and lower ear placement. In addition, P101, P102, and P104 were identified as good combiners for increasing grain yield and related attributes under low N conditions. The crosses P105 × P106 and P106 × P107 demonstrated outstanding heterotic effects for earliness, while hybrids P101 × P102 and P102 × P104 exhibited remarkable heterotic effects for grain yield low nitrogen stress conditions. These promising hybrids could be considered for commercial use after further evaluation. Strong positive correlations were found between grain yield and ear height, plant height, number of kernels per row, and 1000-grain weight, highlighting their importance for indirect selection to enhance the grain yield of maize under low N stress conditions.
基金supported by Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key R&D Program(Grant No.NXNYYZ202101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32360804)+1 种基金Ningxia Science and Technology Department major scientific and technological achievements transformation project(Grant No.2022CJE9007)Ningxia Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2023AAC03064).
文摘Challenges arise in global viticulture due to low temperatures.To ensure the sustainable and high-quality development of the wine industry,it is essential to breed wine grape varieties that are not only of high quality but also possess cold hardiness.Intraspecific recurrent selection in Vitis vinifera can enhance cold hardiness while maintaining fruit quality.In this study,we used‘Ecolly’as an intermediary grape variety for crossing with‘Cabernet Sauvignon’,‘Marselan’,and‘Dunkelfelder’,including three reciprocal crosses and a total of 1,657 intraspecific hybrids.We characterized the cold hardiness of these intraspecific hybrids and analyzed the genetic aspects of cold hardiness,ultimately identifying excellent strains with cold hardiness.Parameters like mean high-temperature exotherm(mHTE),mean low-temperature exotherm(mLTE),bound/free water ratio,water loss ratio in vitro,frost damage grades,and overall performance displayed partially normal distributions.In intraspecific hybrids,there was a maternal advantage in traits related to bound/free water ratio and water loss ratio.Some hybrid populations exhibited values for mHTE,mLTE,and water loss ratio that were lower than the low parent's values,while bound/free water ratio showed values higher than the high parent's values.Among the 1,657 intraspecific hybrids,52 strains could bud under stress at-18℃,and seven of these strains excelled in three important cold hardiness measures.Our study revealed that cold hardiness in V.vinifera is influenced by multiple genes and is a quantitative trait.Intraspecific hybridization can produce a small number of superior strains with enhanced cold hardiness.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52072119)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No.2023JJ50015)+2 种基金the 111 Project (No.D20015)the Australian Research Council (No.DP230100198)the Echidna at the Australian centre for Neutron Scattering under Merit Programs (beamtime: M13623)。
文摘Realizing high-rate capability and high-efficiency utilization of polyanionic cathode materials is of great importance for practical sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) since they usually suffer from extremely low electronic conductivity and limited ionic diffusion kinetics. Herein, taking Na_(3.5)V_(1.5)Mn_(0.5)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVMP) as an example, a reinforced concrete-like hierarchical and porous hybrid(NVMP@C@3DPG) built from 3D graphene(“rebar”) frameworks and in situ generated carbon coated NVMP(“concrete”) has been developed by a facile polymer assisted self-assembly and subsequent solid-state method. Such hybrids deliver superior rate capability(73.9 m Ah/g up to 20 C) and excellent cycling stability in a wide temperature range with a high specific capacity of 88.4 m Ah/g after 5000 cycles at 15 C at room temperature, and a high capacity retention of 97.1% after 500 cycles at 1 C(-20 ℃), and maintaining a high reversible capacity of 110.3 m Ah/g in full cell. This work offers a facile and efficient strategy to develop advanced polyanionic cathodes with high-efficiency utilization and 3D electron/ion transport systems.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22308139,52071171,52202248)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2023-MS-140)+11 种基金Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program(LNBQW2018B0048)Shenyang Science and Technology Project(21-108-9-04)Young Scientific and Technological Talents Project of the Department of Education of Liaoning Province(LQN202008)Key Research Project of Department of Education of Liaoning Province(LJKZZ20220015)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization,Taiyuan University of Technology(MJNYSKL202301)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(KF2023006)Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization,Anhui University of Technology(CHV22-05)Australian Research Council(ARC)through Future Fellowship(FT210100298,FT210100806)Discovery Project(DP220100603)Linkage Project(LP210100467,LP210200504,LP210200345,LP220100088)Industrial Transformation Training Centre(IC180100005)schemesthe Australian Government through the Cooperative Research Centres Projects(CRCPXIII000077).
文摘Renewable energy driven N_(2) electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia production.However,relevant out-lab research is still in its infancy.Herein,a novel Sn-based MXene/MAX hybrid with abundant Sn vacancies,Sn@Ti_(2)CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V,was synthesized by controlled etching Sn@Ti_(2)SnC MAX phase and demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic N2 reduction.Due to the synergistic effect of MXene/MAX heterostructure,the existence of Sn vacancies and the highly dispersed Sn active sites,the obtained Sn@Ti2CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V exhibits an optimal NH_(3) yield of 28.4μg h^(−1) mg_(cat)^(−1) with an excellent FE of 15.57% at−0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na_(2)SO_(4),as well as an ultra-long durability.Noticeably,this catalyst represents a satisfactory NH3 yield rate of 10.53μg h^(−1) mg^(−1) in the home-made simulation device,where commercial electrochemical photovoltaic cell was employed as power source,air and ultrapure water as feed stock.The as-proposed strategy represents great potential toward ammonia production in terms of financial cost according to the systematic technical economic analysis.This work is of significance for large-scale green ammonia production.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972791)the Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Seed Improvement Project of Shandong Province(No.2020LZGC016)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Project of Yantai,Shandong Province(No.2022XCZX083)the Earmarked Fund for Shandong Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System(No.SDAIT-14)。
文摘The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits caused by long-term inbreeding have been major concerns to the industry in the last two decades.Hybridization between the two bay scallop subspecies may provide a new approach to breed a new variety with superior production traits for the industry.For this end,in this study,we hybridized the two bay scallop subspecies in order to obtain a new strain that incorporates the genes of both subspecies.No significant difference was found in fertilization rate,hatching rate and metamorphosis rate between the purebred and crossbred cohorts(NN♀×SS♂,denoted as NS;SS♀×NN♂,denoted as SN).Both mating strategy(intra-vs.inter-population crosses)and egg origin had significant effects on growth and survival at the larval stage.Heterosis was observed in the crossbred and was more pronounced in older stages.Genetic diversity of the reciprocal hybrids,especially that of SN,was increased compared with the purebred cohorts.Almost all hybrids were completely fertile and able to reproduce by selffertilization or by backcrossing with either parent.Apparently,male sterile individuals whose gonads were fully occupied by the ovary part at mature stage were found in the hybrids for the first time.The hybrids,especially SN,may provide precious germplasm resources for the production of ternary hybrids with the Peruvian scallop,A.purpuratus.
文摘This study aimed to discriminate ten Cameroonian cocoa hybrids according to their total fat, fatty acid composition, tocopherol and tocotrienol profiles. Six cocoa clones from the gene banks of the Cameroon Cocoa Development Corporation were used to create hybrids. The determination of fatty acid composition was carried out by using a gas chromatography (GC) apparatus coupled by a flame ion detector (FID). Tocopherol and tocotrienol analysis was performed by upper high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Information on the impact of the genotype on the cocoa fat composition was provided. The major fatty acids (FA) in fermented samples are stearic (34.57%), palmitic (26.13%), oleic (34.13%) and linoleic (3.16%) acids. (35.05% to 35.6%). SCA12 × ICS40, SCA12 × SNK13, SNK13 × T79/501 have the least hard cocoa butters. Tocopherols analysis showed a predominance of γ-tocopherols (94.64 ± 1.51 to 292.16 ± 3.17 µg∙g<sup>−1</sup>), whereas only a small amount of β and δ-tocopherol (from 0.46 to 2.78 µg∙g<sup>−1</sup> and 0.12 to 5.82 respectively) was observed. No γ-tocotrienol was found in fermented samples. A differentiation in terms of total fat and tocopherol content was observed amongst hybrids with the same mother-clone, suggesting an impact of pollen on these compounds.
文摘Supercapacitors are gaining popularity due to their high cycling stability,power density,and fast charge and discharge rates.Researchers are ex-ploring electrode materials,electrolytes,and separat-ors for cost-effective energy storage systems.Ad-vances in materials science have led to the develop-ment of hybrid nanomaterials,such as combining fil-amentous carbon forms with inorganic nanoparticles,to create new charge and energy transfer processes.Notable materials for electrochemical energy-stor-age applications include MXenes,2D transition met-al carbides,and nitrides,carbon black,carbon aerogels,activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,conducting polymers,carbon fibers,and nanofibers,and graphene,because of their thermal,electrical,and mechanical properties.Carbon materials mixed with conducting polymers,ceramics,metal oxides,transition metal oxides,metal hydroxides,transition metal sulfides,trans-ition metal dichalcogenide,metal sulfides,carbides,nitrides,and biomass materials have received widespread attention due to their remarkable performance,eco-friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and renewability.This article explores the development of carbon-based hybrid materials for future supercapacitors,including electric double-layer capacitors,pseudocapacitors,and hy-brid supercapacitors.It investigates the difficulties that influence structural design,manufacturing(electrospinning,hydro-thermal/solvothermal,template-assisted synthesis,electrodeposition,electrospray,3D printing)techniques and the latest car-bon-based hybrid materials research offer practical solutions for producing high-performance,next-generation supercapacitors.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of America(DEB-0743406)the OU VP for Research Faculty Investment Program.
文摘Evaluating the fitness of hybrids can provide important insights into genetic differences between species or diverging populations.We focused on surface-and cave-ecotypes of the widespread Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana and raised F1 hybrids of reciprocal crosses to sexual maturity in a common-garden experiment.Hybrids were reared in a fully factorial 2 x 2 design consisting of lighting(light vs.darkness)and resource availability(high vs.low food).We quantified survival,ability to realize their full reproductive potential(i.e.,completed maturation for males and 3 consecutive births for females)and essential life-history traits.Compared to the performance of pure cave and surface fish from a previous experiment,F1s had the highest death rate and the lowest proportion of fish that reached their full reproductive potential.We also uncovered an intriguing pattern of sex-specific phenotype expression,because male hybrids expressed cave molly life histories,while female hybrids expressed surface molly life histories.Our results provide evidence for strong selection against hybrids in the cave molly system,but also sug-gest a complex pattern of sex-specific(opposing)dominance,with certain surface molly genes being dominant in female hybrids and certain cavemollygenes beingdominant in malehybrids.
基金supported by a Horizontal Project on the Development of a Hybrid Energy Storage Simulation Model for Wind Power Based on an RT-LAB Simulation System(PH2023000190)the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation Project and the Optimization of Exergy Efficiency of a Hybrid Energy Storage System with Crossover Control for Wind Power(2023JQ04).
文摘Present of wind power is sporadically and cannot be utilized as the only fundamental load of energy sources.This paper proposes a wind-solar hybrid energy storage system(HESS)to ensure a stable supply grid for a longer period.A multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA)and state of charge(SOC)region division for the batteries are introduced to solve the objective function and configuration of the system capacity,respectively.MATLAB/Simulink was used for simulation test.The optimization results show that for a 0.5 MW wind power and 0.5 MW photovoltaic system,with a combination of a 300 Ah lithium battery,a 200 Ah lead-acid battery,and a water storage tank,the proposed strategy reduces the system construction cost by approximately 18,000 yuan.Additionally,the cycle count of the electrochemical energy storage systemincreases from4515 to 4660,while the depth of discharge decreases from 55.37%to 53.65%,achieving shallow charging and discharging,thereby extending battery life and reducing grid voltage fluctuations significantly.The proposed strategy is a guide for stabilizing the grid connection of wind and solar power generation,capability allocation,and energy management of energy conservation systems.
基金supported by the State Grid Corporation of China Science and Technology Project,grant number 52270723000900K.
文摘The new energy power generation is becoming increasingly important in the power system.Such as photovoltaic power generation has become a research hotspot,however,due to the characteristics of light radiation changes,photovoltaic power generation is unstable and random,resulting in a low utilization rate and directly affecting the stability of the power grid.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a coordinated control strategy for a newenergy power generation system with a hybrid energy storage unit based on the lithium iron phosphate-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage unit.Firstly,the variational mode decomposition algorithm is used to separate the high and low frequencies of the power signal,which is conducive to the rapid and accurate suppression of the power fluctuation of the energy storage system.Secondly,the fuzzy control algorithm is introduced to balance the power between energy storage.In this paper,the actual data is used for simulation,and the simulation results show that the strategy realizes the effective suppression of the bus voltage fluctuation and the accurate control of the internal state of the energy storage unit,effectively avoiding problems such as overshoot and over-discharge,and can significantly improve the stability of the photovoltaic power generation systemand the stability of the Direct Current bus.It is of great significance to promote the development of collaborative control technology for photovoltaic hybrid energy storage units.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2024R318)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/342/45supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia(KFU241870).
文摘Developing high-yield maize hybrids is critical for sustaining maize production,especially in the face of rapid climate changes and the growing global population.Exploring the genetic diversity and combining ability in parental inbreds is needed for developing such high-yielding hybrids.Consequently,this study aimed at evaluating parental genetic diversity employing simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers,estimating effects of general(GCA)and specific(SCA)combining abilities for grain yield and yield contributing characters,identifying high yielding hybrids,and evaluating the association of SCA effects and performance of hybrids with genetic distance.Half-diallel mating scheme was utilized to develop 21 F_(1) hybrids from seven diverse maize inbred lines.The F_(1) hybrids along with check hybrid(SC-10),were investigated in a field trial over two growing seasons under arid conditions.The assessed F_(1) hybrids displayed significant genetic variations across all recorded traits.The inbreds P_(1) and P_(3) were detected as effective combiners to develop early maturing hybrids.Additionally,P_(3) and P_(4) were recognized as better combiners for improving grain yield and yield attributed characters.The hybrids P_(1)×P_(5) and P_(4)×P_(7) displayed significant SCA effects coupled with favorable agronomic performance.These hybrids are recommended for further evaluation and release as variety for arid environments to increase total maize production and contribute to food security.The alleles per locus differed between 2 and 5,with average of 3.5 alleles/locus.The polymorphic information content(PIC)altered between 0.21 to 0.74,with a mean of 0.56.Unweighted neighbor-joining tree grouped the inbred lines into three clusters,providing a valuable tool to decrease the crosses needed to be assessed in the trial field.Parental genetic distance varied from 0.63 to 0.90,averaging 0.79.The relationship between genetic diversity assessed through SSR markers and SCA effects was insignificant for all considered traits.Otherwise,SCA demonstrated a significant correlation with hybrid performance,suggesting that SCA serves as a reliable predictor for hybrid performance.The assessed maize inbred lines and developed hybrids revealed substantial genetic variability,offering valuable resources for enhancing maize productivity under arid conditions.The identified promising inbred lines(P_(1),P_(3),and P_(4))might be regarded as effective combiners for developing early-maturing genotypes and excellent combiners for enhancing yield attributes.Notably,the developed hybrids P_(1)×P_(5) and P_(4)×P_(7) possessed significant SCA alongside superior yield traits.SCA demonstrated a significant correlation with hybrid performance,suggesting its potential as a reliable predictor for the performance of developed hybrids.
文摘In recent years,photocatalysis with efficient,low-cost and stable metal-free catalysts is one of the most promising technologies for non-polluting energy production and resource-economic environment purifying.Benefiting from the molecularly precise backbones,regular and homogeneous porosity,lightelement composition,nitrogen-rich system with unique electronic band structure of two-dimensional(2D)covalent triazine framework(CTF),as well as the huge specific surface area,superior thermal conductivity,excellent carrier mobility and mechanical properties of 2D graphene,CTF/graphene hybrid-based photocatalysts show great application potential in the field of photocatalysis.In this review,the recent development in synthesis of CTF/graphene hybrid-based photocatalysts,and their applications in photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants are summarized.Firstly,we briefly describe the molecular structures,physicochemical properties,and synthetic strategies for CTF/graphene hybrid-based photocatalysts including solution mixing method,in-situ polymerization method and sol-gel method.We further assess the impact of different preparation methods on the structure,morphology,and interacting model between CTF and graphene in CTF/graphene hybrids.Following the various preparation process for CTF/graphene hybrid-based photocatalysts,these methods are analyzed and compared regarding their merits and demerits.Secondly,the functions of CTF/graphene hybrid-based photocatalysts obtained from different synthesis approaches that enhance the catalytic activity for photocataLytic hydrogen evolution and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants are discussed from the three aspects of light harvesting,charge separation and transfer,and surface catalysis.Particular focus has been placed on the catalytic mechanisms of CTF/graphene hybridbased photocatalysts for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and improved photocatalytic degradation of pollutants.Then the rational manipulation of selection and building units of CTF,connecting bonds between CTF and graphene,dimensions and pore structures of CTF/graphene hybrids in design of CTF/graphene hybrid-based photocatalysts is discussed,aiming to inspire critical thinking about the effective strategies for modification of photocatalysts rather than the development of novel materials.In the end,the challenges and some future trends of CTF/graphene hybrids as advanced photocatalysts are also discussed from three aspects:catalysts design,performance stability and reaction mechanism.The approaches offer potential solutions to address the challenges of largescale production,catalyst activity and stability in the further research and development of new types of metal-free hybrid photocatalysts with high efficiency.
基金funded by the Inner Mongolia Nature Foundation Project,Project number:2023JQ04.
文摘Power quality is a crucial area of research in contemporary power systems,particularly given the rapid proliferation of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power.This study investigated the relationships between power quality indices of system output and PSD by utilizing theories related to spectra,PSD,and random signal power spectra.The relationship was derived,validated through experiments and simulations,and subsequently applied to multi-objective optimization.Various optimization algorithms were compared to achieve optimal system power quality.The findings revealed that the relationships between power quality indices and PSD were influenced by variations in the order of the power spectral estimation model.An increase in the order of the AR model resulted in a 36%improvement in the number of optimal solutions.Regarding optimal solution distribution,NSGA-II demonstrated superior diversity,while MOEA/D exhibited better convergence.However,practical applications showed that while MOEA/D had higher convergence,NSGA-II produced superior optimal solutions,achieving the best power quality indices(THDi at 4.62%,d%at 3.51%,and cosφat 96%).These results suggest that the proposed method holds significant potential for optimizing power quality in practical applications.
