Ghana has four sedimentary basins,but attention has mostly been concentrated on the Tano Basin.This preference among potential investors is largely due to the fact that it has been extensively studied and also its est...Ghana has four sedimentary basins,but attention has mostly been concentrated on the Tano Basin.This preference among potential investors is largely due to the fact that it has been extensively studied and also its established oil and gas reserves,which have facilitated the discovery and development of major fields such as the Jubilee Field.In contrast,the Saltpond,Keta,and Voltaian basins have not undergone the same level of exploration and research,thereby making them less attractive to investors.A comparative analysis of the research conducted on the Tano Basin and the other basins is necessary to identify research opportunities that could enhance understanding of these less-explored basins and increase investor interests.The findings indicate that the Tano Basin requires minimal further exploration,while studies on the Saltpond,Keta,and Voltaian basins have primarily focused on sedimentological and geochemical analyses,offering valuable but limited insights into their petroleum systems and hydrocarbon potential.Unlocking Ghana's hydrocarbon potential demands tailored studies for each basin.In the Tano Basin,the key to sustaining and optimizing production lies in advanced seismic reprocessing,pre-stack depth migration,4D reservoir monitoring,and machine-learning-assisted reservoir characterization to address deepwater complexity and compartmentalization.Revitalizing the Saltpond Basin demands updated petroleum system evaluation through modern geochemical techniques,reprocessed 2D/3D seismic data,and comprehensive 1D–3D basin modeling to clarify trap integrity and overlooked plays.In the underexplored Accra–Keta Basin,high-resolution seismic imaging,sequence stratigraphic mapping,and full petroleum system modeling are essential to define reservoir intervals and assess charge potential.For the Voltaian Basin,a deep seismic profiling,integrated geological mapping,source-rock evaluation,and analog-based reservoir/seal studies are required to evaluate its hydrocarbon potential.These targeted efforts are key to de-risking and advancing exploration.An integrated approach is vital for gaining a deeper understanding of the petroleum system elements in these basins.This will not only expand scientific knowledge and inform decision-making at the highest levels but also provide a strong foundation for future exploration,development,and efficient exploitation of hydrocarbon resources.展开更多
1.Objective The Songliao Basin(SB)is situated on the eastern margin of Eurasia continent(Northeast Asia).During the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous,hundreds of rifting basins developed in this area,and the SB is a u...1.Objective The Songliao Basin(SB)is situated on the eastern margin of Eurasia continent(Northeast Asia).During the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous,hundreds of rifting basins developed in this area,and the SB is a unique case among them as it evolved into the largest rift basin.The rift basin filling of SB includes Huoshiling Formation,Shahezi Formation,and Yingcheng Formation in ascending order.The mega-rifting was controlled by the Mongol-Okhotsk Collisional Belt to the north and northwest and the Pacific Subduction Zone to the east(Wang PJ et al.,2016).As the first rifting succession,the Huoshiling Formation contains key information about the formation of the rifting basins and records the evolution of the Mongol-Okhotsk Collisional Belt and the Pacific Subduction Zone.However,the geological period of the Huoshiling Formation has not been well constrained for two main reasons.First,it is easily confused with the Yingcheng Formation,as both are dominated by volcanogenic-sedimentary successions.Second,there is lack of reliable dating samples from the uppermost part of the Huoshiling Formation due to its considerable burial depth.展开更多
The Series Barbini(subfamily Cyprininae sensu lato)is the most species-rich group within the family Cyprinidae,primarily confined to warm regions of southern Eurasia and Africa.The distribution patterns and evolutiona...The Series Barbini(subfamily Cyprininae sensu lato)is the most species-rich group within the family Cyprinidae,primarily confined to warm regions of southern Eurasia and Africa.The distribution patterns and evolutionary history of Chinese cyprinins have been effectively shaped by the Cenozoic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the evolution of the Asian monsoon.Here,we describe two new fossil fishes from the early and middle Miocene of the Lunpola Basin in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,preserving the ethmoid and the rear of the occipital regions of the neurocranium,infraorbitals,hyopalatine arch,abdominal vertebrae,and some dorsal-fin pterygiophores and unbranched fin rays.Through detailed morphological comparisons,these fossils show definite affinities to Cyprinidae according to the morphology of the neurocranium,vertebral column,and dorsal fin rays;and one of which is classified into the Series Barbini,while the other can only be assigned to the Cyprinidae family level.These findings reveal that the hinterland of the plateau of the early Neogene should have hosted cyprinin fishes of greater diversity than today.This also indicates a warm-temperate paleoclimate suitable for their survival during that period,consistent with the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatical conditions reconstructed from the contemporaneous mammalian fossil and palynological evidences.展开更多
Accurate water budget closure is critical for sustainable water resource management facing increased pressures from climate change and human activities.Although error reduction methods for individual water balance com...Accurate water budget closure is critical for sustainable water resource management facing increased pressures from climate change and human activities.Although error reduction methods for individual water balance components have advanced,persistent biases remain due to the independent development of datasets,impacting basin scale water budget balance.In this research,we analyzed the mathematical origin of the bias between water budget components and developed a new basin-scale water balance calibration method that redistributes errors across components while enforcing water balance constraints.Validation confirms systematic improvements,with reduced RMSE(Precipitation:-2.29 mm/month;ET:-1.34 mm/month)and increased R2 against in situ observations.Applied to the Jinghe River Basin(2000−2019),the calibrated data reveal declining precipitation(-1.70 mm/year)and evapotranspiration(-1.84 mm/year)alongside slightly increasing runoff(0.20 mm/year in basin depth),signaling a drying trend.Land cover changes—marked by cropland loss(-3,497 km^(2))and forest(+720 km^(2))and grassland(+2,776 km^(2))expansion—reflect improved water consumption requirements by ecosystem,raising concerns for water retention and ecosystem stability.The method is particularly effective for ungauged basins with sparse ground data and underscores the need for integrated land-water management to enhance long-term resilience.展开更多
Five new small theropod teeth and one manual ungual have recently been recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin.The specimens were examined for their morphological characteristics,l...Five new small theropod teeth and one manual ungual have recently been recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin.The specimens were examined for their morphological characteristics,leading to the identification of four distinct taxa.The first taxon consists of three foliodont teeth characterized by a pronounced basal constriction and large hook-like distal denticles,which can be attributed to Troodontidae.The second taxon is represented by an elongated tooth featuring prominent longitudinal ridges,allowing for its assignment to Paronychodon.The third taxon is a bladelike tooth with notably small distal denticles,corresponding to Richardoestesia.The fourth taxon comprises a manual ungual characterized by a transversely wide and nearly symmetrical proximal articular surface,fully enclosed ventral foramina,a flattened ventral surface,and the absence of a flexor tubercle,resembling Alvarezsauridae.These specimens significantly enhance the known dinosaur diversity of the Nenjiang Formation and provide crucial insights for understanding the terrestrial ecosystem in Northeast Asia during the Late Cretaceous.展开更多
The Western Sichuan Foreland Basin(WSFB)in South China,a prolific hydrocarbon province,exhibits complex structural deformation influenced by Triassic salt tectonics.This paper integrates seismic data and well data to ...The Western Sichuan Foreland Basin(WSFB)in South China,a prolific hydrocarbon province,exhibits complex structural deformation influenced by Triassic salt tectonics.This paper integrates seismic data and well data to elucidate the role of Middle-Lower Triassic evaporite layers in shaping basin structures,focusing on Xinchang Tectonic Zone(XTZ).Salt layers facilitated decoupled deformation between supra-and sub-salt sequences,forming salt pillows and fault-related folds.Three distinct structural trends were identified in XTZ.Key findings reveal that salt thickness variations correlate with deformation styles:thicker salt promoted detachment folding,while thinner salt led to hard-linked fault systems.Sub-salt E-NE trending reverse faults formed horsetail terminations associated with the Pengzhou faults(PzF),deviating from the primary Longmenshan thrust belt(LmsTB)orientation.Structural evolution occurred in three stages:(1)Indosinian salt deposition and foreland basin initiation;(2)Yanshanian eastward propagation of thrust systems with salt-driven detachment folding;(3)Himalayan reactivation overprinting earlier structures with sub-NS trending folds.This work establishes a direct link between salt layers and structural traps,demonstrating how salt acted as a critical detachment layer during multi-stage compression.Results provide insights into the gas exploration of the Late Triassic Xujiahe Formation,emphasizing the importance of salt-influenced deformation in foreland basin systems.展开更多
Extreme rainfall events(EREs)frequently hit the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin(YRB)during boreal summer.Recent observations have indicated that EREs exhibit teleconnection patterns across long spat...Extreme rainfall events(EREs)frequently hit the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin(YRB)during boreal summer.Recent observations have indicated that EREs exhibit teleconnection patterns across long spatial distances.This study investigated ERE teleconnections in the YRB using the Event Synchronization(ES)method in combination with Complex Network(CN)theory.EREs in the YRB are significantly synchronized with other regions from regional to global scales.Additionally,high-resolution CMIP6 models in general show better skill in capturing these characteristics compared to low-resolution models.A further examination shows that the spatial synchronization patterns exhibit pronounced timescale dependence.Significant ERE synchronizations between the YRB and Europe were uncovered,where the YRB lags Eastern Europe by 3-5 days and Western Europe by 5-7 days,with Rossby wave propagation playing a key role.Wave trains from Europe propagate downstream along the Eurasian jet,inducing anomalous circulations over the YRB that enhance vertical upward motion and moisture transport,ultimately triggering EREs.Two distinct wave trains are observed:one is associated with Eastern Europe-YRB synchronization,occurring in the midlatitude region;the other is linked to Western Europe-YRB synchronization,positioned at higher latitudes.Notably,17.5%of Eastern Europe-YRB synchronization cases and 17.0%of Western Europe-YRB cases overlap.Quantitative analysis indicates that the synchronized events between Eastern(Western)Europe and the YRB account for roughly 28%(30%)of EREs in the YRB.These findings are critical for better understanding ERE mechanisms,offering guidance for forecasting and early warning capabilities for EREs in the YRB.展开更多
The Jianghan Basin,at the junction of the Jiangnan and Qinling-Dabie orogenic belts,has a complete Cretaceous to Paleogene stratigraphic record.However,the exhumation history of its source terrains is not well underst...The Jianghan Basin,at the junction of the Jiangnan and Qinling-Dabie orogenic belts,has a complete Cretaceous to Paleogene stratigraphic record.However,the exhumation history of its source terrains is not well understood.We conducted fission track age analysis on zircon grains(n=441)from the Cretaceous and Paleogene strata in the western Jianghan Basin.The Radial Plotter software is utilized to identify peak ages that indicate thermal events and the history of exhumation.The oldest peak at 810 Ma records the Neoproterozoic collisional orogeny between the Yangtze Craton and Cathaysian Block.Ages of 645-558 Ma reflect the convergence between the South China Block and Gondwana.Early Paleozoic ages document the collision leading to the exhumation of the western Jiangnan Orogenic Belt.Late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic peak ages correspond to the Indosinian orogeny.During the Mesozoic,the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate resulted in further exhumation.The absence of Paleogene zircon fission track peak ages in the basin strata suggests limited exhumation during this period,likely due to tectonic quiescence and arid climatic conditions.展开更多
Effective conservation relies on robust assessments;however,the lack of waterbird data in the Yellow River Basin(YRB)has led to an underestimation of key habitat significance.This study addressed this gap by evaluatin...Effective conservation relies on robust assessments;however,the lack of waterbird data in the Yellow River Basin(YRB)has led to an underestimation of key habitat significance.This study addressed this gap by evaluating YRB wetland conservation importance using waterbirds as indicators and applying Ramsar,Important Bird Areas(IBA),and East Asian-Australasian Flyway(EAAF)criteria.We integrated coordinated surveys with citizen science data,creating a framework that tackles data deficiencies along the under-monitored Central Asian Flyway(CAF).Our analysis identified 75 priority wetlands,supporting 15 threatened species and 49 exceeding global/flyway 1%thresholds,highlighting the basin's biodiversity.We observed strong seasonal habitat use,with high-altitude wetlands vital for breeding and migration,and the Yellow River Delta providing year-round refuge.This research also provided data to refine Baer's Pochard population estimates.Alarmingly,one-third of the identified priority areas,primarily rivers and lakes,remain unprotected.To address this,we recommend systematic surveys,enhanced protected areas,OECMs,and targeted wetland restoration.This study underscores the YRB's role in regional conservation and provides essential data for adaptive management,particularly emphasizing the CAF's importance.展开更多
As a representative surviving example of residences associated with officials and merchants in the southwestern Shandong region of the lower Yellow River Basin,spanning the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the modern period...As a representative surviving example of residences associated with officials and merchants in the southwestern Shandong region of the lower Yellow River Basin,spanning the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the modern period,the Zhujia Courtyard in Shan County functions as a built medium through which commercial capital and clan culture were closely intertwined.Drawing on field investigation and a review of the literature,this study examines its architectural and cultural characteristics across five dimensions:an overview of the courtyard,spatial layout,structural system,decorative arts,and cultural meanings.The analysis points to four interrelated cores,including the spatial embodiment of Confucian ethics,the status aspirations of canal-based merchant groups,adaptive strategies shaped by Yellow River conditions,and the symbolic articulation of folk beliefs.展开更多
Summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin(YRB)is favored by two key factors in the lower troposphere:the tropical anticyclonic anomaly over the western North Pacific and the extratropical northeasterly anomalies to t...Summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin(YRB)is favored by two key factors in the lower troposphere:the tropical anticyclonic anomaly over the western North Pacific and the extratropical northeasterly anomalies to the north of the YRB.This study,however,found that approximately 46%of heavy rainfall events in the YRB occur when only one factor appears and the other is opposite signed.Accordingly,these heavy rainfall events can be categorized into two types:the extratropical northeasterly anomalies but tropical cyclonic anomaly(first unconventional type),and the tropical anticyclonic anomaly but extratropical southwesterly anomalies(second unconventional type).Anomalous water vapor convergence and upward motion exists for both types,but through different mechanisms.For the first type,the moisture convergence and upward motion are induced by a cyclonic anomaly over the YRB,which appears in the mid and lower troposphere and originates from the upstream region.For the second type,a mid-tropospheric cyclonic anomaly over Lake Baikal extends southward and results in southwesterly anomalies over the YRB,in conjunction with the tropical anticyclonic anomaly.The southwesterly anomalies transport water vapor to the YRB and lead to upward motion through warm advection.This study emphasizes the role of mid-tropospheric circulations in inducing heavy rainfall in the YRB.展开更多
The Kumkol Basin,situated in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,provides a unique window into understanding the dynamic mechanisms driving the plateau’s northern expansion.However,its formation and tec...The Kumkol Basin,situated in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,provides a unique window into understanding the dynamic mechanisms driving the plateau’s northern expansion.However,its formation and tectonic evolution remain poorly understood due to limited geophysical data in this region.In this study,we computed cross-correlations for the TT components of station-pairs with high signal-to-noise ratios to extract Love wave waveforms and further performed Lovewave ambient noise tomography to image the upper crustal shear-wave velocity structure of the Kumkol basin down to 10 km depth.Our seismic velocity model reveals that the Kumkol Basin has a sedimentary thickness exceeding 8 km,with its center located near the Arka Mountain on the southern side.This suggests that the basin was likely formed as a foreland basin in response to the uplift of the Qiman Tagh Mountain to the north.Additionally,integrated with seismic reflection data,our seismic velocity model images a detachment fault at the basin basement depth.We inferred that the Kumkol Anticlinorium at the basin’s center have been produced by multiple thrust faults converging into this detachment fault at 8–10 km depth following the Early to Middle Miocene uplift of the Qiman Tagh Mountain.This structural configuration indicates pulsed basinward deformation since the late Miocene,likely reflecting a tectonic regime shift from extrusion to distributed shortening in the northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Our findings provide a high-resolution velocity model of the Kumkol Basin,offering critical insights into its structural evolution and supporting future resource exploration in this underexplored region.展开更多
Aeolian deposits across the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin on the southern Tibetan Plateau record the landscape and atmospheric evolution of Earth's Third Pole.The complex mountain-basin system exhibits nonlinear resp...Aeolian deposits across the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin on the southern Tibetan Plateau record the landscape and atmospheric evolution of Earth's Third Pole.The complex mountain-basin system exhibits nonlinear responses to climate forcing,complicating the interpretation of its high-altitude environmental dynamics.Investigating the magnetic enhancement mechanism of aeolian deposits offers an opportunity to decipher climate signals.Our analysis of three aeolian sections from the basin indicates that magnetic minerals are predominantly low-coercivity ferrimagnetic minerals,and grain sizes fine from upper to lower reaches due to climate shifts from arid to humid.Magnetic enhancement in the upper reaches primarily originates from dust input,while dust input and pedogenesis contribute variably over time in the middle and lower reaches.Similar complex patterns occur in the Ili basin,a mountain-basin system in northwestern China.They differ from the Chinese Loess Plateau,where long-distance-transported dust is well-mixed and the pedogenic enhancement model is applied,and desert peripheries where short-distance dust is transported and the dust input model is applied.We summarize the magnetic enhancement mechanisms in various settings and offer a new framework for applying magnetic techniques in paleoclimate reconstruction within global mountain-basin systems,which highlights the need for caution in interpreting their magnetic susceptibility records.展开更多
The vertical heterogeneity of the pore structure in deep coal seams with varying ash yields is a key control for coalbed methane storage and producibility;however,its specific impact on gas adsorption is not clearly d...The vertical heterogeneity of the pore structure in deep coal seams with varying ash yields is a key control for coalbed methane storage and producibility;however,its specific impact on gas adsorption is not clearly defined.The focus of this study is the No.8 coal seam of the Carboniferous Benxi Formation in the Central-Eastern Ordos Basin.By integrating microscopic identification,proximate analysis,gas adsorption(CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)),and the multifractal theory,we quantitatively characterized the nanopore structure(micropores<2 nm and mesopores 2 nm-100 nm)of coal reservoirs with varying ash yields.The results indicate that(1)ash yield is the primary factor that controls the vertical evolution of pore structures in coal seams.In low-ash yield coal seams,the extent of thermal evolution and ash yield jointly constrain the heterogeneity of pore size distribution.In mediumto high-ash yield coal seams,the heterogeneity of pore structure and pore size distribution are predominantly constrained by ash yield.(2)As the ash yield vertically increases,the mesoporous pore volume and specific surface area initially decrease and subsequently increase,while the contribution of micropores to both pore volume and specific surface area continuously diminishes.Consequently,the total pore volume and specific surface area of the coal samples exhibit a two-stage reduction close to an ash yield threshold of approximately 20%.(3)Further,the Langmuir volume for CH_(4)adsorption sharply declines below the 20%threshold,followed by a gradual decrease;in contrast,the Langmuir pressure initially decreases and subsequently increases.Hence,the vertical increase in ash yield constrains the development of pore systems and diminishes pore connectivity,thereby reducing methane adsorption capacity and adversely affecting coalbed methane productivity.(4)Low-ash yield coal reservoirs are characterized by a rapid gas breakthrough and high productivity,whereas medium-ash yield coal reservoirs generally require prolonged depressurization to achieve peak gas production.These findings reveal that in medium-high rank coal,ash yield―and not thermal evolution―is the main factor that controls vertical pore evolution and methane adsorption efficiency.The quantitative ash yield threshold(20%)established in this study provides a practical criterion for evaluating reservoir quality and predicting vertical variations in gas storage potential in the Ordos Basin.展开更多
Polygonal fault systems(PFS),characterized by multi-directional fault patterns within layered sequences,are well-documented features in global continental margin basins.While the geometry and formation mechanisms of P...Polygonal fault systems(PFS),characterized by multi-directional fault patterns within layered sequences,are well-documented features in global continental margin basins.While the geometry and formation mechanisms of PFS have been extensively studied in the northern South China Sea,the PFS in the Zhongjiannan Basin(western South China Sea)remain relatively unexplored,with a lack of quantitative analysis regarding their propagation.This study addresses this gap by using high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)seismic data and conducting a quantitative fault analysis to thoroughly examine the planform,cross-sectional geometry,and evolution of PFS in the northern Zhongjiannan Basin.The absence of a dominant strike direction among these polygonal faults suggests that their evolution is not controlled by anisotropic stress.Our interpretation of seismic data,constrained by the spatial relationship among PFS,gullies,and pockmarks,indicates that PFS mainly developed within the Miocene strata,with their initiation occurring during the late Miocene.Furthermore,the PFS act as key conduits connecting gullies to pockmarks in this area.The formation and development of PFS may be primarily driven by thermally triggered processes within siliceous sediments.The necessary heat source is probably associated with the abundant submarine magmatism observed in the Zhongjiannan Basin.To reconstruct the regional geological history,a four-stage evolutionary model,incorporating the formation of PFS,is presented.This research significantly improves our understanding of the regional geological evolution of the Zhongjiannan Basin,providing critical insights into the initiation and development of PFS in the western South China Sea.展开更多
Human activities have significantly impacted the land surface temperature(LST),endangering human health;however,the relationship between these two factors has not been adequately quantified.This study comprehensively ...Human activities have significantly impacted the land surface temperature(LST),endangering human health;however,the relationship between these two factors has not been adequately quantified.This study comprehensively constructs a Human Activity Intensity(HAI)index and employs the Maximal Information Coefficient,four-quadrant model,and XGBoostSHAP model to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship and influencing factors of HAI-LST in the Yellow River Basin(YRB)from 2000 to 2020.The results indicated that from 2000 to 2020,as HAI and LST increased,the static HAI-LST relationship in the YRB showed a positive correlation that continued to strengthen.This dynamic relationship exhibited conflicting development,with the proportion of coordinated to conflicting regions shifting from 1:4 to 1:2,indicating a reduction in conflict intensity.Notably,only the degree of conflict in the source area decreased significantly,whereas it intensified in the upper and lower reaches.The key factors influencing the HAI-LST relationship include fractional vegetation cover,slope,precipitation,and evapotranspiration,along with region-specific factors such as PM_(2.5),biodiversity,and elevation.Based on these findings,region-specific ecological management strategies have been proposed to mitigate conflict-prone areas and alleviate thermal stress,thereby providing important guidance for promoting harmonious development between humans and nature.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that the Eocene oil shale sequences in the Green River Basin contain long-period astronomical age information.The fine-scale chronological characteristics of the oil shale laminae remain la...Previous studies have shown that the Eocene oil shale sequences in the Green River Basin contain long-period astronomical age information.The fine-scale chronological characteristics of the oil shale laminae remain largely unexplored.We selected finely laminated oil shales formed in deep-water environments characterized by stable water column stratification as the primary focus of this study,using microscopy and micro-area X-ray fluorescence(μ-XRF)techniques.By integrating high-resolution elemental data with timeseries analysis,we identified significant periodic signals associated with solar activity(Hale and Schwabe cycles)and ENSO.The results indicate that the alternations of light and dark laminae in the Green River Formation oil shale correspond to alternating dry and wet climate regimes:the light laminae are dominated by carbonate minerals,reflecting drier and milder conditions,while the dark laminae are enriched in terrigenous clastics and organic matter,indicating periods of increased precipitation and warmer temperatures.The detected periodicities(23.5 years,13.3 years and 5.8 years)are highly consistent with modern observations,demonstrating that the lower Eocene Green River oil shale effectively records short-term solar activity and climate variability.Furthermore,our findings confirm that a persistent"permanent El Niño"state did not develop under Early Eocene greenhouse conditions,providing a refined chronological framework for highresolution paleoclimate studies during greenhouse intervals.展开更多
Quantifying the timing and amplitude of multiple subsidence or uplift stages in sedimentary basins is crucial for understanding their tectonic evolution.In this study,18 samples from 10 drilling wells in the Pearl Riv...Quantifying the timing and amplitude of multiple subsidence or uplift stages in sedimentary basins is crucial for understanding their tectonic evolution.In this study,18 samples from 10 drilling wells in the Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB)were subjected to apatite and zircon fission track analyses,and suitable samples were selected for thermal history simulation using Hefty.The thermal history simulation results,combined with balanced cross-section analysis,constrain the Cenozoic tectonothermal history of the PRMB.The results indicate that the PRMB underwent differential uplift in the early Paleogene,followed by regional thermal subsidence in the late Paleogene.Subsequently,the PRMB began tectonic activation in the late Miocene due to the Dongsha movement,marked by two rapid cooling events of ca.11–6.5 and 6.5 Myr to the present.These cooling events are characterized by a gradual migration from east to west.The first rapid cooling event can be attributed to the NW-SE compressive stress field in the northeastern South China Sea,driven by the clockwise rotation of the Philippine Sea Plate during the late Miocene.The second rapid cooling event is linked to intensive arc-continental collision and the Taiwan Orogeny triggered by the rapid WNW-ward migration of the Philippine Sea Plate.展开更多
文摘Ghana has four sedimentary basins,but attention has mostly been concentrated on the Tano Basin.This preference among potential investors is largely due to the fact that it has been extensively studied and also its established oil and gas reserves,which have facilitated the discovery and development of major fields such as the Jubilee Field.In contrast,the Saltpond,Keta,and Voltaian basins have not undergone the same level of exploration and research,thereby making them less attractive to investors.A comparative analysis of the research conducted on the Tano Basin and the other basins is necessary to identify research opportunities that could enhance understanding of these less-explored basins and increase investor interests.The findings indicate that the Tano Basin requires minimal further exploration,while studies on the Saltpond,Keta,and Voltaian basins have primarily focused on sedimentological and geochemical analyses,offering valuable but limited insights into their petroleum systems and hydrocarbon potential.Unlocking Ghana's hydrocarbon potential demands tailored studies for each basin.In the Tano Basin,the key to sustaining and optimizing production lies in advanced seismic reprocessing,pre-stack depth migration,4D reservoir monitoring,and machine-learning-assisted reservoir characterization to address deepwater complexity and compartmentalization.Revitalizing the Saltpond Basin demands updated petroleum system evaluation through modern geochemical techniques,reprocessed 2D/3D seismic data,and comprehensive 1D–3D basin modeling to clarify trap integrity and overlooked plays.In the underexplored Accra–Keta Basin,high-resolution seismic imaging,sequence stratigraphic mapping,and full petroleum system modeling are essential to define reservoir intervals and assess charge potential.For the Voltaian Basin,a deep seismic profiling,integrated geological mapping,source-rock evaluation,and analog-based reservoir/seal studies are required to evaluate its hydrocarbon potential.These targeted efforts are key to de-risking and advancing exploration.An integrated approach is vital for gaining a deeper understanding of the petroleum system elements in these basins.This will not only expand scientific knowledge and inform decision-making at the highest levels but also provide a strong foundation for future exploration,development,and efficient exploitation of hydrocarbon resources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42102135,42072140,42202122 and 41790453)Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJZD-M202101502,KJQN202201549 and KJQN202101535)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0031 and CSTB2022NSCQMSX1586)China Scholarship Council(202208505055)。
文摘1.Objective The Songliao Basin(SB)is situated on the eastern margin of Eurasia continent(Northeast Asia).During the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous,hundreds of rifting basins developed in this area,and the SB is a unique case among them as it evolved into the largest rift basin.The rift basin filling of SB includes Huoshiling Formation,Shahezi Formation,and Yingcheng Formation in ascending order.The mega-rifting was controlled by the Mongol-Okhotsk Collisional Belt to the north and northwest and the Pacific Subduction Zone to the east(Wang PJ et al.,2016).As the first rifting succession,the Huoshiling Formation contains key information about the formation of the rifting basins and records the evolution of the Mongol-Okhotsk Collisional Belt and the Pacific Subduction Zone.However,the geological period of the Huoshiling Formation has not been well constrained for two main reasons.First,it is easily confused with the Yingcheng Formation,as both are dominated by volcanogenic-sedimentary successions.Second,there is lack of reliable dating samples from the uppermost part of the Huoshiling Formation due to its considerable burial depth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42272013)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2024YFF0807603,2023YFF0804501)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42302017,41872006)the NSFC BSCTPES project(No.41988101).
文摘The Series Barbini(subfamily Cyprininae sensu lato)is the most species-rich group within the family Cyprinidae,primarily confined to warm regions of southern Eurasia and Africa.The distribution patterns and evolutionary history of Chinese cyprinins have been effectively shaped by the Cenozoic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the evolution of the Asian monsoon.Here,we describe two new fossil fishes from the early and middle Miocene of the Lunpola Basin in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,preserving the ethmoid and the rear of the occipital regions of the neurocranium,infraorbitals,hyopalatine arch,abdominal vertebrae,and some dorsal-fin pterygiophores and unbranched fin rays.Through detailed morphological comparisons,these fossils show definite affinities to Cyprinidae according to the morphology of the neurocranium,vertebral column,and dorsal fin rays;and one of which is classified into the Series Barbini,while the other can only be assigned to the Cyprinidae family level.These findings reveal that the hinterland of the plateau of the early Neogene should have hosted cyprinin fishes of greater diversity than today.This also indicates a warm-temperate paleoclimate suitable for their survival during that period,consistent with the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatical conditions reconstructed from the contemporaneous mammalian fossil and palynological evidences.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grants No.2024YFF0810500 and 2022YFD1900802)the National Natural Scientific Foundations of China(Grants No.41991232,42301016 and 42571034)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.424QN354).
文摘Accurate water budget closure is critical for sustainable water resource management facing increased pressures from climate change and human activities.Although error reduction methods for individual water balance components have advanced,persistent biases remain due to the independent development of datasets,impacting basin scale water budget balance.In this research,we analyzed the mathematical origin of the bias between water budget components and developed a new basin-scale water balance calibration method that redistributes errors across components while enforcing water balance constraints.Validation confirms systematic improvements,with reduced RMSE(Precipitation:-2.29 mm/month;ET:-1.34 mm/month)and increased R2 against in situ observations.Applied to the Jinghe River Basin(2000−2019),the calibrated data reveal declining precipitation(-1.70 mm/year)and evapotranspiration(-1.84 mm/year)alongside slightly increasing runoff(0.20 mm/year in basin depth),signaling a drying trend.Land cover changes—marked by cropland loss(-3,497 km^(2))and forest(+720 km^(2))and grassland(+2,776 km^(2))expansion—reflect improved water consumption requirements by ecosystem,raising concerns for water retention and ecosystem stability.The method is particularly effective for ungauged basins with sparse ground data and underscores the need for integrated land-water management to enhance long-term resilience.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.41202012)Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(No.123120600034-2)。
文摘Five new small theropod teeth and one manual ungual have recently been recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin.The specimens were examined for their morphological characteristics,leading to the identification of four distinct taxa.The first taxon consists of three foliodont teeth characterized by a pronounced basal constriction and large hook-like distal denticles,which can be attributed to Troodontidae.The second taxon is represented by an elongated tooth featuring prominent longitudinal ridges,allowing for its assignment to Paronychodon.The third taxon is a bladelike tooth with notably small distal denticles,corresponding to Richardoestesia.The fourth taxon comprises a manual ungual characterized by a transversely wide and nearly symmetrical proximal articular surface,fully enclosed ventral foramina,a flattened ventral surface,and the absence of a flexor tubercle,resembling Alvarezsauridae.These specimens significantly enhance the known dinosaur diversity of the Nenjiang Formation and provide crucial insights for understanding the terrestrial ecosystem in Northeast Asia during the Late Cretaceous.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41602161,92255302)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Project No.2016ZX05033)Sinopec Science and Technology Development Project(Project No.P18089-1,P22085).
文摘The Western Sichuan Foreland Basin(WSFB)in South China,a prolific hydrocarbon province,exhibits complex structural deformation influenced by Triassic salt tectonics.This paper integrates seismic data and well data to elucidate the role of Middle-Lower Triassic evaporite layers in shaping basin structures,focusing on Xinchang Tectonic Zone(XTZ).Salt layers facilitated decoupled deformation between supra-and sub-salt sequences,forming salt pillows and fault-related folds.Three distinct structural trends were identified in XTZ.Key findings reveal that salt thickness variations correlate with deformation styles:thicker salt promoted detachment folding,while thinner salt led to hard-linked fault systems.Sub-salt E-NE trending reverse faults formed horsetail terminations associated with the Pengzhou faults(PzF),deviating from the primary Longmenshan thrust belt(LmsTB)orientation.Structural evolution occurred in three stages:(1)Indosinian salt deposition and foreland basin initiation;(2)Yanshanian eastward propagation of thrust systems with salt-driven detachment folding;(3)Himalayan reactivation overprinting earlier structures with sub-NS trending folds.This work establishes a direct link between salt layers and structural traps,demonstrating how salt acted as a critical detachment layer during multi-stage compression.Results provide insights into the gas exploration of the Late Triassic Xujiahe Formation,emphasizing the importance of salt-influenced deformation in foreland basin systems.
文摘Extreme rainfall events(EREs)frequently hit the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin(YRB)during boreal summer.Recent observations have indicated that EREs exhibit teleconnection patterns across long spatial distances.This study investigated ERE teleconnections in the YRB using the Event Synchronization(ES)method in combination with Complex Network(CN)theory.EREs in the YRB are significantly synchronized with other regions from regional to global scales.Additionally,high-resolution CMIP6 models in general show better skill in capturing these characteristics compared to low-resolution models.A further examination shows that the spatial synchronization patterns exhibit pronounced timescale dependence.Significant ERE synchronizations between the YRB and Europe were uncovered,where the YRB lags Eastern Europe by 3-5 days and Western Europe by 5-7 days,with Rossby wave propagation playing a key role.Wave trains from Europe propagate downstream along the Eurasian jet,inducing anomalous circulations over the YRB that enhance vertical upward motion and moisture transport,ultimately triggering EREs.Two distinct wave trains are observed:one is associated with Eastern Europe-YRB synchronization,occurring in the midlatitude region;the other is linked to Western Europe-YRB synchronization,positioned at higher latitudes.Notably,17.5%of Eastern Europe-YRB synchronization cases and 17.0%of Western Europe-YRB cases overlap.Quantitative analysis indicates that the synchronized events between Eastern(Western)Europe and the YRB account for roughly 28%(30%)of EREs in the YRB.These findings are critical for better understanding ERE mechanisms,offering guidance for forecasting and early warning capabilities for EREs in the YRB.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41972212)the Hubei Chutian Scholars Talent Program(Grant No.8210403)。
文摘The Jianghan Basin,at the junction of the Jiangnan and Qinling-Dabie orogenic belts,has a complete Cretaceous to Paleogene stratigraphic record.However,the exhumation history of its source terrains is not well understood.We conducted fission track age analysis on zircon grains(n=441)from the Cretaceous and Paleogene strata in the western Jianghan Basin.The Radial Plotter software is utilized to identify peak ages that indicate thermal events and the history of exhumation.The oldest peak at 810 Ma records the Neoproterozoic collisional orogeny between the Yangtze Craton and Cathaysian Block.Ages of 645-558 Ma reflect the convergence between the South China Block and Gondwana.Early Paleozoic ages document the collision leading to the exhumation of the western Jiangnan Orogenic Belt.Late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic peak ages correspond to the Indosinian orogeny.During the Mesozoic,the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate resulted in further exhumation.The absence of Paleogene zircon fission track peak ages in the basin strata suggests limited exhumation during this period,likely due to tectonic quiescence and arid climatic conditions.
基金The Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey Project,No.2021FY101002Wetland Protection and Restoration in China Funded by the Palson Institute and Laoniu Foundation,UNDP-GEF Flyway Project,No.PIMS ID:6110。
文摘Effective conservation relies on robust assessments;however,the lack of waterbird data in the Yellow River Basin(YRB)has led to an underestimation of key habitat significance.This study addressed this gap by evaluating YRB wetland conservation importance using waterbirds as indicators and applying Ramsar,Important Bird Areas(IBA),and East Asian-Australasian Flyway(EAAF)criteria.We integrated coordinated surveys with citizen science data,creating a framework that tackles data deficiencies along the under-monitored Central Asian Flyway(CAF).Our analysis identified 75 priority wetlands,supporting 15 threatened species and 49 exceeding global/flyway 1%thresholds,highlighting the basin's biodiversity.We observed strong seasonal habitat use,with high-altitude wetlands vital for breeding and migration,and the Yellow River Delta providing year-round refuge.This research also provided data to refine Baer's Pochard population estimates.Alarmingly,one-third of the identified priority areas,primarily rivers and lakes,remain unprotected.To address this,we recommend systematic surveys,enhanced protected areas,OECMs,and targeted wetland restoration.This study underscores the YRB's role in regional conservation and provides essential data for adaptive management,particularly emphasizing the CAF's importance.
基金Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China“Historical Collation and Research of Cultural Exchanges Between Chinese and Foreign Craftsmen Along the Silk Road”(Approval No.22&ZD227)the Planning Project of Shaanxi Art Institute“Research on National Cultural Park Design”(Project No.YG2025001).
文摘As a representative surviving example of residences associated with officials and merchants in the southwestern Shandong region of the lower Yellow River Basin,spanning the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the modern period,the Zhujia Courtyard in Shan County functions as a built medium through which commercial capital and clan culture were closely intertwined.Drawing on field investigation and a review of the literature,this study examines its architectural and cultural characteristics across five dimensions:an overview of the courtyard,spatial layout,structural system,decorative arts,and cultural meanings.The analysis points to four interrelated cores,including the spatial embodiment of Confucian ethics,the status aspirations of canal-based merchant groups,adaptive strategies shaped by Yellow River conditions,and the symbolic articulation of folk beliefs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42275041)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(Grant No.SOLZSKY2025006).
文摘Summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin(YRB)is favored by two key factors in the lower troposphere:the tropical anticyclonic anomaly over the western North Pacific and the extratropical northeasterly anomalies to the north of the YRB.This study,however,found that approximately 46%of heavy rainfall events in the YRB occur when only one factor appears and the other is opposite signed.Accordingly,these heavy rainfall events can be categorized into two types:the extratropical northeasterly anomalies but tropical cyclonic anomaly(first unconventional type),and the tropical anticyclonic anomaly but extratropical southwesterly anomalies(second unconventional type).Anomalous water vapor convergence and upward motion exists for both types,but through different mechanisms.For the first type,the moisture convergence and upward motion are induced by a cyclonic anomaly over the YRB,which appears in the mid and lower troposphere and originates from the upstream region.For the second type,a mid-tropospheric cyclonic anomaly over Lake Baikal extends southward and results in southwesterly anomalies over the YRB,in conjunction with the tropical anticyclonic anomaly.The southwesterly anomalies transport water vapor to the YRB and lead to upward motion through warm advection.This study emphasizes the role of mid-tropospheric circulations in inducing heavy rainfall in the YRB.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42274066),the Second Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019Q ZKK0701).
文摘The Kumkol Basin,situated in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,provides a unique window into understanding the dynamic mechanisms driving the plateau’s northern expansion.However,its formation and tectonic evolution remain poorly understood due to limited geophysical data in this region.In this study,we computed cross-correlations for the TT components of station-pairs with high signal-to-noise ratios to extract Love wave waveforms and further performed Lovewave ambient noise tomography to image the upper crustal shear-wave velocity structure of the Kumkol basin down to 10 km depth.Our seismic velocity model reveals that the Kumkol Basin has a sedimentary thickness exceeding 8 km,with its center located near the Arka Mountain on the southern side.This suggests that the basin was likely formed as a foreland basin in response to the uplift of the Qiman Tagh Mountain to the north.Additionally,integrated with seismic reflection data,our seismic velocity model images a detachment fault at the basin basement depth.We inferred that the Kumkol Anticlinorium at the basin’s center have been produced by multiple thrust faults converging into this detachment fault at 8–10 km depth following the Early to Middle Miocene uplift of the Qiman Tagh Mountain.This structural configuration indicates pulsed basinward deformation since the late Miocene,likely reflecting a tectonic regime shift from extrusion to distributed shortening in the northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Our findings provide a high-resolution velocity model of the Kumkol Basin,offering critical insights into its structural evolution and supporting future resource exploration in this underexplored region.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42501182The Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou Universitythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.lzujbky-2024-jdzx01。
文摘Aeolian deposits across the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin on the southern Tibetan Plateau record the landscape and atmospheric evolution of Earth's Third Pole.The complex mountain-basin system exhibits nonlinear responses to climate forcing,complicating the interpretation of its high-altitude environmental dynamics.Investigating the magnetic enhancement mechanism of aeolian deposits offers an opportunity to decipher climate signals.Our analysis of three aeolian sections from the basin indicates that magnetic minerals are predominantly low-coercivity ferrimagnetic minerals,and grain sizes fine from upper to lower reaches due to climate shifts from arid to humid.Magnetic enhancement in the upper reaches primarily originates from dust input,while dust input and pedogenesis contribute variably over time in the middle and lower reaches.Similar complex patterns occur in the Ili basin,a mountain-basin system in northwestern China.They differ from the Chinese Loess Plateau,where long-distance-transported dust is well-mixed and the pedogenic enhancement model is applied,and desert peripheries where short-distance dust is transported and the dust input model is applied.We summarize the magnetic enhancement mechanisms in various settings and offer a new framework for applying magnetic techniques in paleoclimate reconstruction within global mountain-basin systems,which highlights the need for caution in interpreting their magnetic susceptibility records.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42202205)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2021QD072).-。
文摘The vertical heterogeneity of the pore structure in deep coal seams with varying ash yields is a key control for coalbed methane storage and producibility;however,its specific impact on gas adsorption is not clearly defined.The focus of this study is the No.8 coal seam of the Carboniferous Benxi Formation in the Central-Eastern Ordos Basin.By integrating microscopic identification,proximate analysis,gas adsorption(CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)),and the multifractal theory,we quantitatively characterized the nanopore structure(micropores<2 nm and mesopores 2 nm-100 nm)of coal reservoirs with varying ash yields.The results indicate that(1)ash yield is the primary factor that controls the vertical evolution of pore structures in coal seams.In low-ash yield coal seams,the extent of thermal evolution and ash yield jointly constrain the heterogeneity of pore size distribution.In mediumto high-ash yield coal seams,the heterogeneity of pore structure and pore size distribution are predominantly constrained by ash yield.(2)As the ash yield vertically increases,the mesoporous pore volume and specific surface area initially decrease and subsequently increase,while the contribution of micropores to both pore volume and specific surface area continuously diminishes.Consequently,the total pore volume and specific surface area of the coal samples exhibit a two-stage reduction close to an ash yield threshold of approximately 20%.(3)Further,the Langmuir volume for CH_(4)adsorption sharply declines below the 20%threshold,followed by a gradual decrease;in contrast,the Langmuir pressure initially decreases and subsequently increases.Hence,the vertical increase in ash yield constrains the development of pore systems and diminishes pore connectivity,thereby reducing methane adsorption capacity and adversely affecting coalbed methane productivity.(4)Low-ash yield coal reservoirs are characterized by a rapid gas breakthrough and high productivity,whereas medium-ash yield coal reservoirs generally require prolonged depressurization to achieve peak gas production.These findings reveal that in medium-high rank coal,ash yield―and not thermal evolution―is the main factor that controls vertical pore evolution and methane adsorption efficiency.The quantitative ash yield threshold(20%)established in this study provides a practical criterion for evaluating reservoir quality and predicting vertical variations in gas storage potential in the Ordos Basin.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC3100700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42376070)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2024A1515012371)the Rising Star Foundation of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology(No.NHXX2019DZ0201)。
文摘Polygonal fault systems(PFS),characterized by multi-directional fault patterns within layered sequences,are well-documented features in global continental margin basins.While the geometry and formation mechanisms of PFS have been extensively studied in the northern South China Sea,the PFS in the Zhongjiannan Basin(western South China Sea)remain relatively unexplored,with a lack of quantitative analysis regarding their propagation.This study addresses this gap by using high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)seismic data and conducting a quantitative fault analysis to thoroughly examine the planform,cross-sectional geometry,and evolution of PFS in the northern Zhongjiannan Basin.The absence of a dominant strike direction among these polygonal faults suggests that their evolution is not controlled by anisotropic stress.Our interpretation of seismic data,constrained by the spatial relationship among PFS,gullies,and pockmarks,indicates that PFS mainly developed within the Miocene strata,with their initiation occurring during the late Miocene.Furthermore,the PFS act as key conduits connecting gullies to pockmarks in this area.The formation and development of PFS may be primarily driven by thermally triggered processes within siliceous sediments.The necessary heat source is probably associated with the abundant submarine magmatism observed in the Zhongjiannan Basin.To reconstruct the regional geological history,a four-stage evolutionary model,incorporating the formation of PFS,is presented.This research significantly improves our understanding of the regional geological evolution of the Zhongjiannan Basin,providing critical insights into the initiation and development of PFS in the western South China Sea.
基金Shanxi Province Graduate Research Practice Innovation Project,No.2023KY465Project on the Reform of Graduate Education and Teaching in Shanxi Province,No.2021YJJG146+1 种基金Research Project of Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau,No.22-8-14-1400-119National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFB3901300。
文摘Human activities have significantly impacted the land surface temperature(LST),endangering human health;however,the relationship between these two factors has not been adequately quantified.This study comprehensively constructs a Human Activity Intensity(HAI)index and employs the Maximal Information Coefficient,four-quadrant model,and XGBoostSHAP model to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship and influencing factors of HAI-LST in the Yellow River Basin(YRB)from 2000 to 2020.The results indicated that from 2000 to 2020,as HAI and LST increased,the static HAI-LST relationship in the YRB showed a positive correlation that continued to strengthen.This dynamic relationship exhibited conflicting development,with the proportion of coordinated to conflicting regions shifting from 1:4 to 1:2,indicating a reduction in conflict intensity.Notably,only the degree of conflict in the source area decreased significantly,whereas it intensified in the upper and lower reaches.The key factors influencing the HAI-LST relationship include fractional vegetation cover,slope,precipitation,and evapotranspiration,along with region-specific factors such as PM_(2.5),biodiversity,and elevation.Based on these findings,region-specific ecological management strategies have been proposed to mitigate conflict-prone areas and alleviate thermal stress,thereby providing important guidance for promoting harmonious development between humans and nature.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42372125 and 41772092)。
文摘Previous studies have shown that the Eocene oil shale sequences in the Green River Basin contain long-period astronomical age information.The fine-scale chronological characteristics of the oil shale laminae remain largely unexplored.We selected finely laminated oil shales formed in deep-water environments characterized by stable water column stratification as the primary focus of this study,using microscopy and micro-area X-ray fluorescence(μ-XRF)techniques.By integrating high-resolution elemental data with timeseries analysis,we identified significant periodic signals associated with solar activity(Hale and Schwabe cycles)and ENSO.The results indicate that the alternations of light and dark laminae in the Green River Formation oil shale correspond to alternating dry and wet climate regimes:the light laminae are dominated by carbonate minerals,reflecting drier and milder conditions,while the dark laminae are enriched in terrigenous clastics and organic matter,indicating periods of increased precipitation and warmer temperatures.The detected periodicities(23.5 years,13.3 years and 5.8 years)are highly consistent with modern observations,demonstrating that the lower Eocene Green River oil shale effectively records short-term solar activity and climate variability.Furthermore,our findings confirm that a persistent"permanent El Niño"state did not develop under Early Eocene greenhouse conditions,providing a refined chronological framework for highresolution paleoclimate studies during greenhouse intervals.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42121005,92358302,42302233)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202204400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.202172003)。
文摘Quantifying the timing and amplitude of multiple subsidence or uplift stages in sedimentary basins is crucial for understanding their tectonic evolution.In this study,18 samples from 10 drilling wells in the Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB)were subjected to apatite and zircon fission track analyses,and suitable samples were selected for thermal history simulation using Hefty.The thermal history simulation results,combined with balanced cross-section analysis,constrain the Cenozoic tectonothermal history of the PRMB.The results indicate that the PRMB underwent differential uplift in the early Paleogene,followed by regional thermal subsidence in the late Paleogene.Subsequently,the PRMB began tectonic activation in the late Miocene due to the Dongsha movement,marked by two rapid cooling events of ca.11–6.5 and 6.5 Myr to the present.These cooling events are characterized by a gradual migration from east to west.The first rapid cooling event can be attributed to the NW-SE compressive stress field in the northeastern South China Sea,driven by the clockwise rotation of the Philippine Sea Plate during the late Miocene.The second rapid cooling event is linked to intensive arc-continental collision and the Taiwan Orogeny triggered by the rapid WNW-ward migration of the Philippine Sea Plate.
