This paper considers a Manpower system where “exits” of employed personnel produce some wastage or loss. This system monitors these wastages over the sequence of exit epochs {t0 = 0 and tk;k = 1, 2,…} that form a r...This paper considers a Manpower system where “exits” of employed personnel produce some wastage or loss. This system monitors these wastages over the sequence of exit epochs {t0 = 0 and tk;k = 1, 2,…} that form a recurrent process and admit recruitment when the cumulative loss of man hours crosses a threshold level Y, which is also called the breakdown level. It is assumed that the inter-exit times Tk = tk-1 - tk, k = 1, 2,… are independent and identically distributed random variables with a common cumulative distribution function (CDF) B(t) = P(Tk t) which has a tail 1 – B(t) behaving like t-v with 1 v as t → ∞. The amounts {Xk} of wastages incurred during these inter-exit times {Tk} are independent and identically distributed random variables with CDF P(Xk X) = G(x) and Y is distributed, independently of {Xk} and {tk}, as an exponentiated exponential law with CDF H(y) = P(Y y) = (1 - e-λy)n. The mean waiting time to break down of the system has been obtained assuming B(t) to be heavy tailed and as well as light tailed. For the exponential case of G(x), a comparative study has also been made between heavy tailed mean waiting time to break down and light tailed mean waiting time to break down values. The recruitment policy operating under the heavy tailed case is shown to be more economical in all types of manpower systems.展开更多
Iced transmission line galloping poses a significant threat to the safety and reliability of power systems,leading directly to line tripping,disconnections,and power outages.Existing early warning methods of iced tran...Iced transmission line galloping poses a significant threat to the safety and reliability of power systems,leading directly to line tripping,disconnections,and power outages.Existing early warning methods of iced transmission line galloping suffer from issues such as reliance on a single data source,neglect of irregular time series,and lack of attention-based closed-loop feedback,resulting in high rates of missed and false alarms.To address these challenges,we propose an Internet of Things(IoT)empowered early warning method of transmission line galloping that integrates time series data from optical fiber sensing and weather forecast.Initially,the method applies a primary adaptive weighted fusion to the IoT empowered optical fiber real-time sensing data and weather forecast data,followed by a secondary fusion based on a Back Propagation(BP)neural network,and uses the K-medoids algorithm for clustering the fused data.Furthermore,an adaptive irregular time series perception adjustment module is introduced into the traditional Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)network,and closed-loop feedback based on attentionmechanism is employed to update network parameters through gradient feedback of the loss function,enabling closed-loop training and time series data prediction of the GRU network model.Subsequently,considering various types of prediction data and the duration of icing,an iced transmission line galloping risk coefficient is established,and warnings are categorized based on this coefficient.Finally,using an IoT-driven realistic dataset of iced transmission line galloping,the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through multi-dimensional simulation scenarios.展开更多
This study identified castor oil and phosphate ester as effective retarders through setting time,tensile,and flexural tests,and determined their optimal dosages.The mechanism by which phosphate ester affects the setti...This study identified castor oil and phosphate ester as effective retarders through setting time,tensile,and flexural tests,and determined their optimal dosages.The mechanism by which phosphate ester affects the setting time of polyurethane was further investigated using molecular dynamics simulations.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also employed to systematically study the physical and chemical interactions between phosphate esters and polyurethane materials.The results demonstrate that a 1%concentration of phosphate ester provides the most effective retarding effect with minimal impact on the strength of polyurethane.When phosphate ester is added to the B component of the two-component polyurethane system,its interaction energy with component A decreases,as do the diffusion coefficient and aggregation degree of component B on the surface of component A.This reduction in interaction slows the setting time.Additionally,the addition of phosphate ester to polyurethane leads to the disappearance or weakening of functional groups,indicating competitive interactions within the phosphate ester components that inhibit the reaction rate.展开更多
Multivariate time series forecasting iswidely used in traffic planning,weather forecasting,and energy consumption.Series decomposition algorithms can help models better understand the underlying patterns of the origin...Multivariate time series forecasting iswidely used in traffic planning,weather forecasting,and energy consumption.Series decomposition algorithms can help models better understand the underlying patterns of the original series to improve the forecasting accuracy of multivariate time series.However,the decomposition kernel of previous decomposition-based models is fixed,and these models have not considered the differences in frequency fluctuations between components.These problems make it difficult to analyze the intricate temporal variations of real-world time series.In this paper,we propose a series decomposition-based Mamba model,DecMamba,to obtain the intricate temporal dependencies and the dependencies among different variables of multivariate time series.A variable-level adaptive kernel combination search module is designed to interact with information on different trends and periods between variables.Two backbone structures are proposed to emphasize the differences in frequency fluctuations of seasonal and trend components.Mamba with superior performance is used instead of a Transformer in backbone structures to capture the dependencies among different variables.A new embedding block is designed to capture the temporal features better,especially for the high-frequency seasonal component whose semantic information is difficult to acquire.A gating mechanism is introduced to the decoder in the seasonal backbone to improve the prediction accuracy.A comparison with ten state-of-the-art models on seven real-world datasets demonstrates that DecMamba can better model the temporal dependencies and the dependencies among different variables,guaranteeing better prediction performance for multivariate time series.展开更多
The reaction rate constant is a crucial kinetic parameter that governs the charge and discharge performance of batteries,particularly in high-rate and thick-electrode applications.However,conventional estimation or fi...The reaction rate constant is a crucial kinetic parameter that governs the charge and discharge performance of batteries,particularly in high-rate and thick-electrode applications.However,conventional estimation or fitting methods often overestimate the charge transfer overpotential,leading to substantial errors in reaction rate constant measurements.These inaccuracies hinder the accurate prediction of voltage profiles and overall cell performance.In this study,we propose the characteristic time-decomposed overpotential(CTDO)method,which employs a single-layer particle electrode(SLPE)structure to eliminate interference overpotentials.By leveraging the distribution of relaxation times(DRT),our method effectively isolates the characteristic time of the charge transfer process,enabling a more precise determination of the reaction rate constant.Simulation results indicate that our approach reduces measurement errors to below 2%,closely aligning with theoretical values.Furthermore,experimental validation demonstrates an 80% reduction in error compared to the conventional galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)method.Overall,this study provides a novel voltage-based approach for determining the reaction rate constant,enhancing the applicability of theoretical analysis in electrode structural design and facilitating rapid battery optimization.展开更多
The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA P...The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE4(RhSPL4)positively regulates flowering time in rose.Transient silencing or overexpression transgenic rose plants of RhSPL4 exhibited delayed or early flowering,respectively.Analysis of transcriptome data from transgenic lines overexpressing RhSPL4 compared to the wild type indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the circadian rhythm pathway.Among the proteins encoded by these genes,RhSPL4 binds to the promoter of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5-LIKE(RhPRR5L),as revealed in yeast one-hybrid,dual-Luciferase/Renilla luciferase reporter,chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Furthermore,RhSPL4 specifically binds to the478 to441 bp region of the RhPRR5L promoter and activates its transcription.The silencing of RhPRR5L delayed flowering time in rose,resembling the phenotype of RhSPL4-silenced plants.Together,these results indicate that the RhSPL4-RhPRR5L module positively regulates flowering time in rose,laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of flowering time in this important horticultural crop.展开更多
The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled p...The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled phased array antenna system is a necessary trend for the future development of the phased array,and it is also a major focus and difficulty in the current research of integrated microwave photonics.This paper firstly introduces the basic principle and development history of optical true time delay phased array antenna system based on microwave photonics,and briefly introduces the main implementation methods and integration platform of optical true time delay.Then,the application and development prospect of optical true time delay technology in beam control of phased array antenna system are mainly presented.Finally,according to the current research progress,the possible research directions of integrated optically controlled phased array antenna systems in the future are proposed.展开更多
To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D lea...To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.展开更多
It is shown that time asymmetry is essential for deriving thermodynamic law and arises from the turnover of energy while reducing its information content and driving entropy increase. A dynamically interpreted princip...It is shown that time asymmetry is essential for deriving thermodynamic law and arises from the turnover of energy while reducing its information content and driving entropy increase. A dynamically interpreted principle of least action enables time asymmetry and time flow as a generation of action and redefines useful energy as an information system which implements a form of acting information. This is demonstrated using a basic formula, originally applied for time symmetry/energy conservation considerations, relating time asymmetry (which is conventionally denied but here expressly allowed), to energy behaviour. The results derived then explained that a dynamic energy is driving time asymmetry. It is doing it by decreasing the information content of useful energy, thus generating action and entropy increase, explaining action-time as an information phenomenon. Thermodynamic laws follow directly. The formalism derived readily explains what energy is, why it is conserved (1st law of thermodynamics), why entropy increases (2nd law) and that maximum entropy production within the restraints of the system controls self-organized processes of non-linear irreversible thermodynamics. The general significance of the principle of least action arises from its role of controlling the action generating oriented time of nature. These results contrast with present understanding of time neutrality and clock-time, which are here considered a source of paradoxes, intellectual contradictions and dead-end roads in models explaining nature and the universe.展开更多
The effect of holding time of double annealing process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V1Cr-1Fe(Ti55511)alloy was investigated.Results reveal that the shape and size of the primaryα(α_...The effect of holding time of double annealing process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V1Cr-1Fe(Ti55511)alloy was investigated.Results reveal that the shape and size of the primaryα(α_(p))phase are predominantly influenced by the holding time at the first stage.With the prolongation of holding time,the long strip of α_(p) is transformed into a short rod due to the terminal migration mechanism,leading to the broadening growth,and the growth of α_(p) slows down when the holding time is over 2 h.The volume fraction of α_(p) is mainly affected by the holding time of the second stage:with the prolongation of holding time,the volume fraction of α_(p) is increased,which is accompanied by the precipitation of the secondaryα(α_(s)).The mechanical properties of Ti55511 alloy are influenced by bothα_(p) andαs.Tensile results indicate that the optimal holding time of double annealing is 1-4 h for the first stage and 0.5-2 h for the second stage.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical combination with traditional Chinese medicine dialectical therapy in three phases for the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of the femur(IFF).Methods:84 patien...Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical combination with traditional Chinese medicine dialectical therapy in three phases for the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of the femur(IFF).Methods:84 patients with IFF admitted to the hospital from December 2022 to December 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group received surgery and traditional Chinese medicine dialectical therapy in three phases,while the control group received surgery alone.The total effective rate,fracture healing time,hip function score,and lower extremity function score were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate was higher in the combined group than in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the fracture healing time was shorter in the combined group than in the control group,and the hip function and lower extremity function scores were higher in the combined group than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Surgical combination with traditional Chinese medicine dialectical therapy in three phases can shorten the fracture healing time of IFF patients and restore their hip and lower extremity function,demonstrating significant efficacy.展开更多
Too much screen time is bad for your brain and body.It can also waste your time.So,try to spend less time on scree ns.Changing habits is not easy,but you can do it.Use an app to track your time on your smartphone.Do y...Too much screen time is bad for your brain and body.It can also waste your time.So,try to spend less time on scree ns.Changing habits is not easy,but you can do it.Use an app to track your time on your smartphone.Do you waste a lot of time on some ofyour phone apps?Take them off or set time limits for them.Less screen time means more free time for other things.Go hiking,visit a museum or try a new hobby.Use your phone less and appreciate life more.展开更多
BACKGROUND Meniscal tears are one of the most common knee injuries.After the diagnosis of a meniscal tear has been made,there are several factors physicians use to guide clinical decision-making.The influence of time ...BACKGROUND Meniscal tears are one of the most common knee injuries.After the diagnosis of a meniscal tear has been made,there are several factors physicians use to guide clinical decision-making.The influence of time between injury and isolated meniscus repair on patient outcomes is not well described.Assessing this relationship is important as it may influence clinical decision-making and can add to the preoperative patient education process.We hypothesized that increasing the time from injury to meniscus surgery would worsen postoperative outcomes.AIM To investigate the current literature for data on the relationship between time between meniscus injury and repair on patient outcomes.METHODS PubMed,Academic Search Complete,MEDLINE,CINAHL,and SPORTDiscus were searched for studies published between January 1,1995 and July 13,2023 on isolated meniscus repair.Exclusion criteria included concomitant ligament surgery,incomplete outcomes or time to surgery data,and meniscectomies.Patient demographics,time to injury,and postoperative outcomes from each study were abstracted and analyzed.RESULTS Five studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria.There were 204(121 male,83 female)patients included.Three of five(60%)studies determined that time between injury and surgery was not statistically significant for postoperative Lysholm scores(P=0.62),Tegner scores(P=0.46),failure rate(P=0.45,P=0.86),and International Knee Documentation Committee scores(P=0.65).Two of five(40%)studies found a statistically significant increase in Lysholm scores with shorter time to surgery(P=0.03)and a statistically significant association between progression of medial meniscus extrusion ratio(P=0.01)and increasing time to surgery.CONCLUSION Our results do not support the hypothesis that increased time from injury to isolated meniscus surgery worsens postoperative outcomes.Decision-making primarily based on injury interval is thus not recommended.展开更多
Nonlinear variations in the coordinate time series of global navigation satellite system(GNSS) reference stations are strongly correlated with surface displacements caused by environmental loading effects,including at...Nonlinear variations in the coordinate time series of global navigation satellite system(GNSS) reference stations are strongly correlated with surface displacements caused by environmental loading effects,including atmospheric, hydrological, and nontidal ocean loading. Continuous improvements in the accuracy of surface mass loading products, performance of Earth models, and precise data-processing technologies have significantly advanced research on the effects of environmental loading on nonlinear variations in GNSS coordinate time series. However, owing to theoretical limitations, the lack of high spatiotemporal resolution surface mass observations, and the coupling of GNSS technology-related systematic errors, environmental loading and nonlinear GNSS reference station displacements remain inconsistent. The applicability and capability of these loading products across different regions also require further evaluation. This paper outlines methods for modeling environmental loading, surface mass loading products, and service organizations. In addition, it summarizes recent advances in applying environmental loading to address nonlinear variations in global and regional GNSS coordinate time series. Moreover, the scientific questions of existing studies are summarized, and insights into future research directions are provided. The complex nonlinear motion of reference stations is a major factor limiting the accuracy of the current terrestrial reference frame. Further refining the environmental load modeling method, establishing a surface mass distribution model with high spatiotemporal resolution and reliability, exploring other environmental load factors such as ice sheet and artificial mass-change effects, and developing an optimal data-processing model and strategy for reprocessing global reference station data consistently could contribute to the development of a millimeter-level nonlinear motion model for GNSS reference stations with actual physical significance and provide theoretical support for establishing a terrestrial reference frame with 1 mm accuracy by 2050.展开更多
Active landslides pose a significant threat globally,endangering lives and property.Effective monitoring and forecasting of displacements are essential for the timely warnings and mitigation of these events.Interferom...Active landslides pose a significant threat globally,endangering lives and property.Effective monitoring and forecasting of displacements are essential for the timely warnings and mitigation of these events.Interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)stands out as an efficient and prevalent tool for monitoring landslide deformation and offers new prospects for displacement prediction.However,challenges such as inherent limitation of satellite viewing geometry,long revisit cycles,and limited data volume hinder its application in displacement forecasting,notably for landslides with near-north-south deformation less detectable by InSAR.To address these issues,we propose a novel strategy for predicting three-dimensional(3D)landslide displacement,integrating InSAR and global navigation satellite system(GNSS)measurements with machine learning(ML).This framework first synergizes InSAR line-of-sight(LOS)results with GNSS horizontal data to reconstruct 3D displacement time series.It then employs ML models to capture complex nonlinear relationships between external triggers,landslide evolutionary states,and 3D displacements,thus enabling accurate future deformation predictions.Utilizing four advanced ML algorithms,i.e.random forest(RF),support vector machine(SVM),long short-term memory(LSTM),and gated recurrent unit(GRU),with Bayesian optimization(BO)for hyperparameter tuning,we applied this innovative approach to the north-facing,slow-moving Xinpu landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)of China.Leveraging over 6.5 years of Sentinel-1 satellite data and GNSS measurements,our framework demonstrates satisfactory and robust prediction performance,with an average root mean square deviation(RMSD)of 9.62 mm and a correlation coefficient(CC)of 0.996.This study presents a promising strategy for 3D displacement prediction,illustrating the efficacy of integrating InSAR monitoring with ML forecasting in enhancing landslide early warning capabilities.展开更多
文摘This paper considers a Manpower system where “exits” of employed personnel produce some wastage or loss. This system monitors these wastages over the sequence of exit epochs {t0 = 0 and tk;k = 1, 2,…} that form a recurrent process and admit recruitment when the cumulative loss of man hours crosses a threshold level Y, which is also called the breakdown level. It is assumed that the inter-exit times Tk = tk-1 - tk, k = 1, 2,… are independent and identically distributed random variables with a common cumulative distribution function (CDF) B(t) = P(Tk t) which has a tail 1 – B(t) behaving like t-v with 1 v as t → ∞. The amounts {Xk} of wastages incurred during these inter-exit times {Tk} are independent and identically distributed random variables with CDF P(Xk X) = G(x) and Y is distributed, independently of {Xk} and {tk}, as an exponentiated exponential law with CDF H(y) = P(Y y) = (1 - e-λy)n. The mean waiting time to break down of the system has been obtained assuming B(t) to be heavy tailed and as well as light tailed. For the exponential case of G(x), a comparative study has also been made between heavy tailed mean waiting time to break down and light tailed mean waiting time to break down values. The recruitment policy operating under the heavy tailed case is shown to be more economical in all types of manpower systems.
基金research was funded by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China under grant number 5200-202319382A-2-3-XG.
文摘Iced transmission line galloping poses a significant threat to the safety and reliability of power systems,leading directly to line tripping,disconnections,and power outages.Existing early warning methods of iced transmission line galloping suffer from issues such as reliance on a single data source,neglect of irregular time series,and lack of attention-based closed-loop feedback,resulting in high rates of missed and false alarms.To address these challenges,we propose an Internet of Things(IoT)empowered early warning method of transmission line galloping that integrates time series data from optical fiber sensing and weather forecast.Initially,the method applies a primary adaptive weighted fusion to the IoT empowered optical fiber real-time sensing data and weather forecast data,followed by a secondary fusion based on a Back Propagation(BP)neural network,and uses the K-medoids algorithm for clustering the fused data.Furthermore,an adaptive irregular time series perception adjustment module is introduced into the traditional Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)network,and closed-loop feedback based on attentionmechanism is employed to update network parameters through gradient feedback of the loss function,enabling closed-loop training and time series data prediction of the GRU network model.Subsequently,considering various types of prediction data and the duration of icing,an iced transmission line galloping risk coefficient is established,and warnings are categorized based on this coefficient.Finally,using an IoT-driven realistic dataset of iced transmission line galloping,the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through multi-dimensional simulation scenarios.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52370128)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2572022AW54)。
文摘This study identified castor oil and phosphate ester as effective retarders through setting time,tensile,and flexural tests,and determined their optimal dosages.The mechanism by which phosphate ester affects the setting time of polyurethane was further investigated using molecular dynamics simulations.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also employed to systematically study the physical and chemical interactions between phosphate esters and polyurethane materials.The results demonstrate that a 1%concentration of phosphate ester provides the most effective retarding effect with minimal impact on the strength of polyurethane.When phosphate ester is added to the B component of the two-component polyurethane system,its interaction energy with component A decreases,as do the diffusion coefficient and aggregation degree of component B on the surface of component A.This reduction in interaction slows the setting time.Additionally,the addition of phosphate ester to polyurethane leads to the disappearance or weakening of functional groups,indicating competitive interactions within the phosphate ester components that inhibit the reaction rate.
基金supported in part by the Interdisciplinary Project of Dalian University(DLUXK-2023-ZD-001).
文摘Multivariate time series forecasting iswidely used in traffic planning,weather forecasting,and energy consumption.Series decomposition algorithms can help models better understand the underlying patterns of the original series to improve the forecasting accuracy of multivariate time series.However,the decomposition kernel of previous decomposition-based models is fixed,and these models have not considered the differences in frequency fluctuations between components.These problems make it difficult to analyze the intricate temporal variations of real-world time series.In this paper,we propose a series decomposition-based Mamba model,DecMamba,to obtain the intricate temporal dependencies and the dependencies among different variables of multivariate time series.A variable-level adaptive kernel combination search module is designed to interact with information on different trends and periods between variables.Two backbone structures are proposed to emphasize the differences in frequency fluctuations of seasonal and trend components.Mamba with superior performance is used instead of a Transformer in backbone structures to capture the dependencies among different variables.A new embedding block is designed to capture the temporal features better,especially for the high-frequency seasonal component whose semantic information is difficult to acquire.A gating mechanism is introduced to the decoder in the seasonal backbone to improve the prediction accuracy.A comparison with ten state-of-the-art models on seven real-world datasets demonstrates that DecMamba can better model the temporal dependencies and the dependencies among different variables,guaranteeing better prediction performance for multivariate time series.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFB2404300the National Natural Science Foundation of China U22B2069the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2024M761006。
文摘The reaction rate constant is a crucial kinetic parameter that governs the charge and discharge performance of batteries,particularly in high-rate and thick-electrode applications.However,conventional estimation or fitting methods often overestimate the charge transfer overpotential,leading to substantial errors in reaction rate constant measurements.These inaccuracies hinder the accurate prediction of voltage profiles and overall cell performance.In this study,we propose the characteristic time-decomposed overpotential(CTDO)method,which employs a single-layer particle electrode(SLPE)structure to eliminate interference overpotentials.By leveraging the distribution of relaxation times(DRT),our method effectively isolates the characteristic time of the charge transfer process,enabling a more precise determination of the reaction rate constant.Simulation results indicate that our approach reduces measurement errors to below 2%,closely aligning with theoretical values.Furthermore,experimental validation demonstrates an 80% reduction in error compared to the conventional galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)method.Overall,this study provides a novel voltage-based approach for determining the reaction rate constant,enhancing the applicability of theoretical analysis in electrode structural design and facilitating rapid battery optimization.
基金supported by Yunnan Province Agricultural Joint Key Project(Grant No.202401BD070001-016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32202530)+3 种基金Talent Introduction and Training Project of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.2024RCYP-09)Fundamental Research Project(Grant No.202401CF070046)Xingdian Talent support program(XDYC-QNRC-2023-0457)Yunnan Technology Innovation Center of Flower Technique.
文摘The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE4(RhSPL4)positively regulates flowering time in rose.Transient silencing or overexpression transgenic rose plants of RhSPL4 exhibited delayed or early flowering,respectively.Analysis of transcriptome data from transgenic lines overexpressing RhSPL4 compared to the wild type indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the circadian rhythm pathway.Among the proteins encoded by these genes,RhSPL4 binds to the promoter of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5-LIKE(RhPRR5L),as revealed in yeast one-hybrid,dual-Luciferase/Renilla luciferase reporter,chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Furthermore,RhSPL4 specifically binds to the478 to441 bp region of the RhPRR5L promoter and activates its transcription.The silencing of RhPRR5L delayed flowering time in rose,resembling the phenotype of RhSPL4-silenced plants.Together,these results indicate that the RhSPL4-RhPRR5L module positively regulates flowering time in rose,laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of flowering time in this important horticultural crop.
基金supported by Fund of State Key Laboratory of IPOC(BUPT)(No.IPOC2021ZT16),China.
文摘The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled phased array antenna system is a necessary trend for the future development of the phased array,and it is also a major focus and difficulty in the current research of integrated microwave photonics.This paper firstly introduces the basic principle and development history of optical true time delay phased array antenna system based on microwave photonics,and briefly introduces the main implementation methods and integration platform of optical true time delay.Then,the application and development prospect of optical true time delay technology in beam control of phased array antenna system are mainly presented.Finally,according to the current research progress,the possible research directions of integrated optically controlled phased array antenna systems in the future are proposed.
文摘To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.
文摘It is shown that time asymmetry is essential for deriving thermodynamic law and arises from the turnover of energy while reducing its information content and driving entropy increase. A dynamically interpreted principle of least action enables time asymmetry and time flow as a generation of action and redefines useful energy as an information system which implements a form of acting information. This is demonstrated using a basic formula, originally applied for time symmetry/energy conservation considerations, relating time asymmetry (which is conventionally denied but here expressly allowed), to energy behaviour. The results derived then explained that a dynamic energy is driving time asymmetry. It is doing it by decreasing the information content of useful energy, thus generating action and entropy increase, explaining action-time as an information phenomenon. Thermodynamic laws follow directly. The formalism derived readily explains what energy is, why it is conserved (1st law of thermodynamics), why entropy increases (2nd law) and that maximum entropy production within the restraints of the system controls self-organized processes of non-linear irreversible thermodynamics. The general significance of the principle of least action arises from its role of controlling the action generating oriented time of nature. These results contrast with present understanding of time neutrality and clock-time, which are here considered a source of paradoxes, intellectual contradictions and dead-end roads in models explaining nature and the universe.
文摘The effect of holding time of double annealing process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V1Cr-1Fe(Ti55511)alloy was investigated.Results reveal that the shape and size of the primaryα(α_(p))phase are predominantly influenced by the holding time at the first stage.With the prolongation of holding time,the long strip of α_(p) is transformed into a short rod due to the terminal migration mechanism,leading to the broadening growth,and the growth of α_(p) slows down when the holding time is over 2 h.The volume fraction of α_(p) is mainly affected by the holding time of the second stage:with the prolongation of holding time,the volume fraction of α_(p) is increased,which is accompanied by the precipitation of the secondaryα(α_(s)).The mechanical properties of Ti55511 alloy are influenced by bothα_(p) andαs.Tensile results indicate that the optimal holding time of double annealing is 1-4 h for the first stage and 0.5-2 h for the second stage.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical combination with traditional Chinese medicine dialectical therapy in three phases for the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of the femur(IFF).Methods:84 patients with IFF admitted to the hospital from December 2022 to December 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group received surgery and traditional Chinese medicine dialectical therapy in three phases,while the control group received surgery alone.The total effective rate,fracture healing time,hip function score,and lower extremity function score were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate was higher in the combined group than in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the fracture healing time was shorter in the combined group than in the control group,and the hip function and lower extremity function scores were higher in the combined group than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Surgical combination with traditional Chinese medicine dialectical therapy in three phases can shorten the fracture healing time of IFF patients and restore their hip and lower extremity function,demonstrating significant efficacy.
文摘Too much screen time is bad for your brain and body.It can also waste your time.So,try to spend less time on scree ns.Changing habits is not easy,but you can do it.Use an app to track your time on your smartphone.Do you waste a lot of time on some ofyour phone apps?Take them off or set time limits for them.Less screen time means more free time for other things.Go hiking,visit a museum or try a new hobby.Use your phone less and appreciate life more.
文摘BACKGROUND Meniscal tears are one of the most common knee injuries.After the diagnosis of a meniscal tear has been made,there are several factors physicians use to guide clinical decision-making.The influence of time between injury and isolated meniscus repair on patient outcomes is not well described.Assessing this relationship is important as it may influence clinical decision-making and can add to the preoperative patient education process.We hypothesized that increasing the time from injury to meniscus surgery would worsen postoperative outcomes.AIM To investigate the current literature for data on the relationship between time between meniscus injury and repair on patient outcomes.METHODS PubMed,Academic Search Complete,MEDLINE,CINAHL,and SPORTDiscus were searched for studies published between January 1,1995 and July 13,2023 on isolated meniscus repair.Exclusion criteria included concomitant ligament surgery,incomplete outcomes or time to surgery data,and meniscectomies.Patient demographics,time to injury,and postoperative outcomes from each study were abstracted and analyzed.RESULTS Five studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria.There were 204(121 male,83 female)patients included.Three of five(60%)studies determined that time between injury and surgery was not statistically significant for postoperative Lysholm scores(P=0.62),Tegner scores(P=0.46),failure rate(P=0.45,P=0.86),and International Knee Documentation Committee scores(P=0.65).Two of five(40%)studies found a statistically significant increase in Lysholm scores with shorter time to surgery(P=0.03)and a statistically significant association between progression of medial meniscus extrusion ratio(P=0.01)and increasing time to surgery.CONCLUSION Our results do not support the hypothesis that increased time from injury to isolated meniscus surgery worsens postoperative outcomes.Decision-making primarily based on injury interval is thus not recommended.
基金supported by the Basic Science Center Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42388102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42174030)+2 种基金the Special Fund of Hubei Luojia Laboratory(220100020)the Major Science and Technology Program for Hubei Province(2022AAA002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2042022dx0001 and 2042023kfyq01)。
文摘Nonlinear variations in the coordinate time series of global navigation satellite system(GNSS) reference stations are strongly correlated with surface displacements caused by environmental loading effects,including atmospheric, hydrological, and nontidal ocean loading. Continuous improvements in the accuracy of surface mass loading products, performance of Earth models, and precise data-processing technologies have significantly advanced research on the effects of environmental loading on nonlinear variations in GNSS coordinate time series. However, owing to theoretical limitations, the lack of high spatiotemporal resolution surface mass observations, and the coupling of GNSS technology-related systematic errors, environmental loading and nonlinear GNSS reference station displacements remain inconsistent. The applicability and capability of these loading products across different regions also require further evaluation. This paper outlines methods for modeling environmental loading, surface mass loading products, and service organizations. In addition, it summarizes recent advances in applying environmental loading to address nonlinear variations in global and regional GNSS coordinate time series. Moreover, the scientific questions of existing studies are summarized, and insights into future research directions are provided. The complex nonlinear motion of reference stations is a major factor limiting the accuracy of the current terrestrial reference frame. Further refining the environmental load modeling method, establishing a surface mass distribution model with high spatiotemporal resolution and reliability, exploring other environmental load factors such as ice sheet and artificial mass-change effects, and developing an optimal data-processing model and strategy for reprocessing global reference station data consistently could contribute to the development of a millimeter-level nonlinear motion model for GNSS reference stations with actual physical significance and provide theoretical support for establishing a terrestrial reference frame with 1 mm accuracy by 2050.
基金jointly supported by the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals(Grant No.CBAS2022GSP02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42072320 and 42372264).
文摘Active landslides pose a significant threat globally,endangering lives and property.Effective monitoring and forecasting of displacements are essential for the timely warnings and mitigation of these events.Interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)stands out as an efficient and prevalent tool for monitoring landslide deformation and offers new prospects for displacement prediction.However,challenges such as inherent limitation of satellite viewing geometry,long revisit cycles,and limited data volume hinder its application in displacement forecasting,notably for landslides with near-north-south deformation less detectable by InSAR.To address these issues,we propose a novel strategy for predicting three-dimensional(3D)landslide displacement,integrating InSAR and global navigation satellite system(GNSS)measurements with machine learning(ML).This framework first synergizes InSAR line-of-sight(LOS)results with GNSS horizontal data to reconstruct 3D displacement time series.It then employs ML models to capture complex nonlinear relationships between external triggers,landslide evolutionary states,and 3D displacements,thus enabling accurate future deformation predictions.Utilizing four advanced ML algorithms,i.e.random forest(RF),support vector machine(SVM),long short-term memory(LSTM),and gated recurrent unit(GRU),with Bayesian optimization(BO)for hyperparameter tuning,we applied this innovative approach to the north-facing,slow-moving Xinpu landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)of China.Leveraging over 6.5 years of Sentinel-1 satellite data and GNSS measurements,our framework demonstrates satisfactory and robust prediction performance,with an average root mean square deviation(RMSD)of 9.62 mm and a correlation coefficient(CC)of 0.996.This study presents a promising strategy for 3D displacement prediction,illustrating the efficacy of integrating InSAR monitoring with ML forecasting in enhancing landslide early warning capabilities.
